Функционирование родного и русского языков в школах Советской Литвы

SOCIALINES LINGVISTIKOS PROBLEMOS LIETUVIU KALBOTYROS KLAUSIMAI, XIX (1979) Oosac KOPCAKAC ®YHKUMOHMPOBAHME POAHOFO HM PYCCKOLO A3bIKOB B WKOJIAX COBETCKONM JIMTBbI B Jiutoscxoi CCP sa romp Coperckoii BaacTH 3aBepileHo Bceobilee 06a3aTeNbHOe BOCbMHJeTHEe OOpasoBaHHe HaceNeHHA H OCYIeCTBAAeTCA TMepexod KO BceoOiemy cpeavemy o6pasosanuio. B copercKuii mepHog ccepbt TpaqutMoHHOTO HPHMEHEHUA HTOBCKOTO AUTepaTypHOTO ASbIKA 3HAYHTEBHO PaclIMPHJHCh, TOBBICHJACb PO/Ib PYCCKOTO ASbIKAa KaK CPeACTBa MeXKHALMOHAbHOTO OOLLeHHA. B uekoropsix wkoutax CosercKoit JIuTBbl byHKUHOHHpyer TakoKe MIOJECKHH ASBIK. [lo qaHHEIm cTatHcTHuecKoro exeroqHHKa .,KOHOMMKa u KyibTypa JIMTOBCKOH CCP“, B 1976/77 yue6HoM rofy no AsbIKy OOy4eHHA yualllMecs o6ieo6pas0BaTeNbHBIX JHeBHBIX 1KO Munuctepersa npocsemenna JIMtCCP nompasqeraMacb Caejy!ouM O6pas0M: Ha AHTOBCKOM si3bIke OOy4asOCb 85% Bcex ydalluxca (457 teIc.), Ha pyeckom — 12% (65 ThIC.) H Ha TlObCKOM — 3% (16 tric.) (,,Lietuvos TSR ekonomika ir kultiira“. V., 1977, p. 232). OGbeKTOM Halllero COUMOTMHTBUCTHYeCKOTO UCCAeLOBaHHA ObIIM LIKOJIBI BY3bI TOJbKO C JIMTOBCKHM si3bikoM OGy4eHus. I[koabHBIi BospacT B OCHOBHOM npexcraBiat yuallluecd KO roposa KayHaca u ero paliowa, a Taxe Pr. KezaitHalli HM ceabeKolt wko“E BaapKanunKali Bapenckoro paiiona. Kpome toro, cBon HaOMOJeCHHA B BU JOMALIHHX 3aaHuit MpescTaBHM yYMTeMA-CTyAeHTHI, ooyyaloljuecd Ha 3a0uHoM oTjeneHuu Iayaaiickoro meqarormueckoro MHCTHTYTa um. K. Tpeiikutaca. By3osckuit BospacT mpexcTaBaamu CTyAeHTEI TY. Kaynaca, THaBHbIM O6pa3oM MouJHTexHuYecKoro HHCcTHTyTa. Hac uHTepecoBadl BoTpoc 0 cPyHKUMOHMpOBAHHH B IIKOMaXx H By3aX POAHOTO H PYCCKOTO ASbIKOB B MTaHe OB.1aJlenud sekcuKoi. Uto6bl ompesenuTb ypoBeHb BulaleHHA Wekcukol pofHoro Hu PYCCKOFO ASbIKOB, c 4-TrO Kacca HAMM IIPpMMeHAJMCb TECTEI HM MPOBOAHJTMCb MHCbMeHHBIe padoTh! (COUMHeEHMA MO MporpaMMHbIM TeMaM). V3 na60xenuit Hay, pexbio y4alllMXCH HaYaJIbHbIX K/IaCCOB MOAHO CieaTb BEIBOL, YTO yUallMecH-AMTOBUbI HAYHHAaIOT OOyyeHHe B INKONaX Mp HaviM4Hn BeCbMa OovIbIOrO CAOBapsA pasroBOpHO-ObITOBOrO AMTOBCKOTO ASbIKa H, HapaAly C STUM, OOJbUIMHCTBO YIALUXCH FOPOACKAX WIKOWI y2Ke B MEPpBOM Kacce BiaeeT HeECKOJIbKUMH Je@CATKaMH PYCCKHX COB H COBOCOYeTAHHM, B OCHOBHOM KpaTKMMH BOMpocaMH, MpHKa3aHHAMH, MpHBeTCTBHAMM, HampHMep: Pde Aaveuc? 3dpaecmey ti! Mycmu!l ak ane! u 1.1. Cropapb pycckoro s3bIKa Ti1aHOMepHo nonoausercsa co 2-ro Kacca, Kora yUalllHecd-MTOBUbI HatHHaloT CHCTeMaTHYeCKH H3Y4aTb STOT ABbIK Kak mpef~Met. UacTHuHast A2bIKOBad Cpeya, B MepBy!o OVePeAb TeNeBUJeHHe, KHHO JIM MHOASBIMHBIC COCeqM, CHOcoOCTByeT BeCbMa 6nIcTpoMy OB/aeHHIO pyccKoli pasroBopHo-6nITOBOH perio. BuelikoJbHaA %MSHb HI JeTCKHe HIPbI MPOXOAAT MCK/OYMTEbHO Ha POAHOM ABbIKe, TIpaBya, C ynorpe6.1eHHeM HeMaJIOrO KOJIMYeCTBa XOJOBBIX PyCCKHX COB HAM BbIpaxKenuli, HarlpHMep: Oaeati, saxon (B 3HaveHHH OMOOPCHHA HIM NOATBEPA CHUA MbICH TOBapHula), watioy! Hy, caay, nozodul u T.1. K 4-my Kaaccy pasHuia B OObeMe POAHOTO H pyceKoro cuoBapeli ene ovenb BesuKa. JI mpHMepa MpuBeyeM pesy.1bTAaTHI HCCeHOBAHHA TeMaTHYeCKOrO PeMpOAYKTHBHOTO CoBapA poAHOrO H pyccKoro ASbIKOB YUallUxcA-HTOBLEB. Uersipe rpynmb yyauuxca 4-ro Kalacca|(50 4etoBeK) Al Ha POTHOM s3bIKe Ha OAHY M TY 2Ke HeliTpabHyIO HK JocTynHy10 TeMy BocIponsBeJIH B YeTHIPe pasa OoJIblle COB, YeM Ha PyccKOM sBbIKe. Sta pasHula yMeHbmaetca B 11-m kaacce npHO1u3snTeIbHO 70 90 con. Tlozpo6uee 06 stom 6yzer cKasaHo m03%Ke. Tlonsrraemea KopoTKo oxapakTepusoBaTb ClOBapb yualljHxXca ¢ TOUKH speHua ColMaubHOH. Boubime conmavbubie H KYAbTYPHBIe U3MeHeHUA B KUSH o6mectBa HAXOJAT OTPAKEHHE B ASBIKE YYAIUXCH, B NePBylO OUepe;b B eKCuKe. Hanpumep, C10Ba, KOTOPbIe B JIHTOBCKMH sISbIK NPHIWIM H TOYYHM OMpeyenennoe cojep2kaHHE JIHIIb B MOCJ€BOCHHOe BEM, Telepb OYeHE YaCTO ynoTpeOasIoTeA axe YiallHMHCA MiJaqInxX KaccoB: pionierius, komjaunimas, kolikis, saviveikla, priekaba, suvirintojas, socializmas, ap#iiira u T.2. Muorve 3 9THX CjOB, KaK USBeCTHO, BOUIN B akTUBHIi (ou, MTOBCKOrO AsbIKa Y€Pe3 PYCCKHH HIM ABAAIOTCA MPAMBIMH MepesoaMH Ha POAHO AsbIK. B poguoli pew yyamuxcs maagunx kaCCOB, OY€BHAHO, NOL BAMAHHeM poguTeJe H3 MajooOpas0BaHHO! cpeybI HepeyKO BCTpeyaloTcA BOOOILe HerlepeBeeHHbIe PYCCKHe C10Ba, 4TO C TOUKM 3peHHA KYAbTYpbI peu AUTOBCKOrO s3bIKa Kpaline H@KENATeIbHO, HallpHMep: gruzovikas, Saiba, chokéjus, davaj, zakonas ut.n. B pycckoit pewn yuamuxcs-mToBueR BCTPevaloTca OOparHble ABeHHA — ynoTpe6JICHHE JMTOBCKUX C/IOB B PYCCKOM S3bIKOBOM ocbopMsleHHH: cKupmym (BMecToO pasHula), mumunae (KpemeHb), Konol (qNOHBI), Koneaaua (aanypm), nyHO (cBepTOK) H T.11. STO MpHMepbI TaBHEIM OOpa3zoM U3 jeTcKorO ASbIKOBOTO KOHTAKTHpoBaHus. Tak KaK B UIKOJIe C AHTOBCKHM S35IKOM O6y¥eHHA H BHe ee HaOwogaeTcH nonHad ASbIKOBaA Cpela AA PasBATHA poMHOi peyH yyatuxcs, To, pasyMeerca, 06 beM COBaps JMTOBCKOTO sigbIKa y HUX 10 CPaBHeHUl0 C pyCCKMM HaMHOro GoVIbue. OgHako KOHKpeTHBIX HCCAeLOBaHHii Ha STy TeMy 40 CHxX Nop He Obiio. A Beab OObeM CJlOBapA ONpexerseT ypoBeHb BraneHiA SSBIKOM, UTO B YCJIOBHAX COBeTCKOH JelCTBHTeIbHOCTH yKasbiBaeT HM Ha (byHKuMoHMpoBanne si3bI1KOB. I Ipupeyzem Tako npuMep. Yuaiuiica-sToBel B CeMbe, LKOVe HB Kpyry Apyseli o6ujaerca Ha POTHOM ASbIKe, OHAKO C yOBOJbCTBHEM H NOHUMaHHeM CMOTPHT KHHOKapTHHY WIM Teslemepeaty Ha PyCCKOM si3BIKe, YATaeT crea JH3HpOBaHHbIe Ky pHabl H Apyryl JuTepatypy, koTopas usqaerca ToABKO Ha PYCCKOM s3bIKe, OTBe4aeT Ha BOMPOCbI MpHesKHX TocTeli H3 Apyrux pecnyO.u1nK, NepeNHCbIBaeTCA CO SHaKOMBIMH HIM APy3bAMM Toxe Ha PyccKoM s3bIke. Takum o6pa3om, y UIKovIbHuKa, OCOOeHHO B CTapmIMX KWaccax, BOSHUKaer ecrecTBeHHaA MlOTpe6HocTbh B SHaHHH PYCCKOrO A3bIKa KaK CpeAcTBa MexKHALLMOHAAbHOTO OOIleHHA, YTO cocobcTBYCT PasBHTHIO AByASBUHA. Hamu crapuuiacb yeab — rary6oKo H3Y4HTb M ONpeeJMTb peabubiii, HM penpoAYKTHBHBI, CIOBapb PyCcKOTO s#3bIKa yyanyAxcs-aMTOBLEB, B 4aCTHOCTH, Hac HHTepecoRa.I BOMPOC 0 TOM, C KaKHM CJIOBapHbIM (poHOM pycckoro s3biKa MpuxoAAT B BY3 BBINYCKHMKM CpeAHHX HIKO, T.e. Ha KaKoli OCHOBe calelyeT MpoBosuth AaNbueiulyto JeKCHeCK y10 pa6ory B Byse. PenpoxyKtupupiii C1OBapb (HM penpoxyKTuBHaA weKcHKa) — sto pesybTaT HCHXOJOTHYECKOTO Mpouecca, COCTOsMIero B BOCHPOuSBELeHHH yualllumuca ynep2KaHHOli B WaMATH aKTHBHOI JeKCHKH. PenpoxykTHBHaa leKcuka BBIABAAacE Ha OCHOBe IIMCbMeHHOH pew (couMHeHHii) NepBoKypcHHKos, KOTOpbIe B BY3e elle He oOyuasncn, T.e. Ha mepBoil Heese MPoOBosuJiach MpoBepKa HX rpaMoTHocTH. Tematuka counnennit Obiia cocrapsena B COOTBeETCTBHH C TporpaMMoii ro pyccKoMY ABbIKy HW JMTepaType 14 WKOA C AMTOBCKHM A3bIKOM ooyyenua. Ona 6biia AOTONHeHa TeMaMH N10 MTepaType Hv OOULeCTBEHHO-NOAUTHUeCKOl KUSH JIvtBb1. Beero 6ti10 xoxo 150 tem. IIpupeyem Hexotopnie u3 Hux. A. CBo6oquple TeMbI: »Sootaa ocenb (5-i Ka1.), »YKpacuM poguny cazamu“ (6-ii K.1.), ,l]acbMo poAureiim” (7-i K1.), ,,YBIeKaTenbubIe CHOpTHBHble CopeBHoBanna (8-ii K.1.), I ]1H042 HepcKad HW KOMCOMOJIbCKad OpranHsallnn moeli ukompt (9-1 Ka1.), To MHe oco6eHHO HPaBHTCA B COBpeMeHHOH Mysbike“ (10-1 Ka1.), ,Coperckuli Coios — omu10T mupa“ (11-% Ka.); B. Pycckaa amtepatypa (veMEI OODABAIUCh 3a HeeWIo NO npopepownoli pa6orst): ,CTUXH 0 coBeTcKoM macnopte“ B. B. Maskopckoro (11-% ka1.), ,Ouepx A. M. Toppxoro B. H. Jlenun“ (10-f ka1.), ,Kparkaa Onorpabua A. C. Tlymxuna” (Q-i ka.) 4 1.2.5 B. Jiutoscxas autepatypa: ,,Uesopek, 3emuia wu xe0“ (no pomany II. Ipupku ,3emast-Kopmusuna“), ,O6pas B. M1. JIeHHHa B MpovsBeseHuAX NUCaTesel H MOSTOB Cosercxoit JIurspi“, ,.MoTHBbI Ap yxObi HapojloB B TBOpyectBe C, Hepuc“ u T.2. Kak BHHO 43 IpHMepoB, HaM XOTeOCb BbIABHTb AKTHBHY10 JIeKCHKY He ToubKO lo TeMaTHKe, KOTOPYy10 YYAallMecs-JIMTOBLEI YCBOHIM B Kove Ha ypoKax PyCCKOFO ASbIKa, HO H Mo TeMaTHKe, KOTOpad H3ydalach y4alllMMca Ha POAHOM — JIHTOBCKOM S3bIKe, OMHAKO BOCTIPOHSBOAMNaCch (OMMCbIBasIacb) Ha PYCCKOM, HatipHMep, TEMBbI 110 JIHTOBCKOM J1MTepaType. Ha neppom 3aHaTaM mo mpakTHyecKoMy Kypcy PYCCKOTO ASbIKa B KayecTBe MpOBepKH FpaMOTHOCTH ObWIO MpesOKEHO HalKCaTb KpaTKoe couHHeHHe (06beM 2—3 crpaHHipl WIKOJbHOH TeTpatH). Ha ony u Ty 2#e TeMy MHCamH He MeHee 12 nepBokypCHMKOB (MHHUMaJIbHad akayemMyecKad rpymma). Ha ochopanun 12 oHOMMeHHEIX IpoBePpOuHLIX paSOT-cOWMHEHMH COCTABIAJIHCb remMaTuueckue crucki cos. [Ipx o6paOoTKe jeKcH4ecKoro MaTepHawia Y4NTBIRajlacb TOJbKO OCHOBHad JIeKcHKa — Tularoubl, MpWWJaraTebHBle, CyllecTBUTebHBIe, HAPeYHA, MECTOHMeHUA, UHCUTEMbHBIe; CTPOEBbIe Cu1OBA (cayxKeOHBIE yacTH peu) HAMM He YUMTbIBATHCh, TaK Kak B yueOHOM acieKTe 111 BYSOBCKOIt pa6oTbi B YCIOBHAX HHCTHTYTa OHH MHTepeca He mpeactapasior. (IIposepKoit jloKa3aH0, YTO B OCHOBHOM 3HaveHHA BCeX CTPOCBHIX COB HalllMM CTYeHTAM H3BeCTHBI.} 3a eNMHULLy MO_cHeTa MpHHHMaJOcb cAoBO — OMpesemeHHad HOCTenoBAaTebHoctb 6ykB. B cpequem Ha ogny Ttemy 12 yualluxca-s1NTOBILEB BOCIPOH3BO MIM 630 —650 pasHBbIx CJ10B. Bee TemaTuueckHe CNHCKU CoB OplviH BBegeHEI B IBM u Opt nowyyeHr oom CIMCOK pyCCKOli JIeKCHKU, KOTOPy!0 BOCMpPOHSBeIH Ha MaMATb yualljHecs-sMTOBur. B HeM HacuHTEIBasIOCb OKONO 6 ThIC. EN. — T.€. PaSHBIX CJIOB. Vs storo yneva TpuOMMsUTeETbHO 28%, COB BOCHPOHSBODHOCh TOJbKO OAMH pas. Sto Takue cjlopa, Kak 6uAKa, eaademerd, sdnac, sanepemo, sacyHyme, Naeeamb, Nupoe uT.a. J[paxkgpr ynomunasocb cppnue 14% c10B, TPwKAbL — 7,5, WeTbIperK abl — 5,6, natukpaTHo — 4,2, iecTukpaTHO — 3,1, cemuKpaTHo — 2,7, BOCbMHKpaTno — 2,3, nesaTuKpatHo — 1,6, yecaTHKpaTHo — 1,8% w t.a. Takum o6pasom, C YacTOTHEIMM MoKazaTeiamu oT 1 no 10 Gro NopatKa 70% con Bcero 06beMa PeMpOLYKTHBHOTO CuOBapsA PYCCKOTO ABbIKA YUALAXCA-THTOBLEB. Caos ¢ uactorHBIMH HoKagaTenamn oT 11 yo 20 6si0 oKOA0 10%, or 21 yo 30 —5, ot 31 70 40 — 2,7, or 41 n0 50 — 1,9, or 51 2060 — 1,4, or 61 no 70 — 1,1, or 71 20 80 — 0,9, ot 81 a0 90 — 0,7, or 91 z0 140 — 0,4, or 141 no 150 — 0,3, or 151 yo 160 — 0.2% u 1.4. Hampnictyio YacTOrHOcTb, KpOMe HEKOTOPbIX COIO3OB, HCKJIOYCHHIX H3 JaHHOrO CNHCKa, HMeH MeCTOHMeHHA: 3mom, Ima, 9MO — 3668, co1o3 uw — 3520 u 7.2. Bor 1pHMepsr c10B c TpexsHauHoll YacToTOH: gcmpadnottt — 172, vepma — 104, wren — 105, yeas — 154, xopomun — 782, xopouio — 805, xomemb — 206, xodume — 259, xumua — 279, @abpuxa — 182, dauucm — 199, ypooran — 130, yaumoca — 696, ywacmeoeamb — 152, ympo — 207, yauya — 172, mpyonoui — 380, maney — 213, mosapuuy — 330, meneps — 900, conn — 371, cydo6a — 135, emapoiti — 405 u 7.2. B penpoxyKTHBHOM CjlOBape PYCCKOTO ABbIKa YUAILHXCA-IHTOBIEB YacTOTHOCTb He MOMKeT ObITh NPHHATA 3a aOCOMIOTHDI NOKasaTeIb YPOBHA aKTHBHOTO BulaeHua pyccKoli nekcuKol. Takwe cyoBa, Kak cmaeKa (1), cmaena (2), cy43 2po6 (2), cyposocms (1) u 7.2., sBAsIOTCH ManoNsBecTHEIMH AA BEITLYCKHMKOB ‘AMTOBCKUX IKON. Bosbillad Ke YacTb pyCCKUX CJIOB C HU3KOli YACTOTHOCTbIO UM 3HaKOMAa, HalIpuMep: cmemnemo — 1, cmox — 1, nap — 1, oKon— 1, xepame — 1, ucnopmums —2, smea—1, oenamenono — 1, Opename — 1, eopao — 1, euxoepad — 1 uw T.3. BpiaBuenne penpoxyKTABHOTO cOBapsA — eNO OVeHb ciOmHOE. Begb Muorue C10BA HaXOMATCA B MaMATH yuallerocaA KaK CJIOBECHaA BO3MOXKHOCTS, KOTOpy1o0 AEPKO PeaH30BaTb UP HaIHYHH yAOOHOrO ciy4ad, NOCTyMHOl TeMEr HTH no6yxxAeHus K MOCHbHOMY JelicTBHIO H paccy2xjeHHIO. O6cyxjeHue Tol HM ApPyrol TeMbI saBHCHT He To/bKO OT 3HaHHA onpezeNeHHOTO CHOBapA, HO H OT SpyAHIMH yuauleroca, ero xapaKrepa, HacTpoeHun M MHOXKECTBa ApyTHXx (bakTopos. Onn, GesycJ0BHO, chiIrpadH cBoIO POJIb Ip BBIsICHEHHH OObEMA PenposyKTHBHOL weKcuKu. Ha Haut BSA, JaHHbili penpoayKTHBHbI COBapb PYCCKOrO ASbIKa CuleRyeT PaccMaTpHBaTb Kak pesybTaT B 6OubeH WH MeHbIeli cTeneHH HCYePMaHHBbIX CJIOBECHBIX BOSMOXHOCTeli yualeroca IIKOJIbI C JIMTOBCKUM A3KIKOM OOYYeHHA H YTO O6beEM PeNpOLYKTHBHOH w1eKCHKU XapakTepeH JA OOJbIIMHCTBa BuepalNHx LWKOJIBHHKOB —CTYJ[eHTOB epBoro kypca KUM. (Exeroguniii npuem — cppune 2 Tuc. cTyJeHToB.) CrezoBateabHo, PeMpOXYKTHBHBIH COBapb pyccKoro sA3bIKa YualUXCA-JHTOBUeB sABsIAeTCH BeCbMa OObCKTHBHIM MOKasaTeseM OHO! TeHepalluH B HeJIOM (MMeeTCA B BAY BBIMyCK wiKon 1974 r.). B yeasax oGocHoBanua JaHHoro BBIBOAa HaMH NPOBOAMICA PAL AoNOANUTeTbHBIX UCCJe2OBaHHH, SKCHePpHMeHTOB, HaGwOJeHHIt. Csonupii cnucok penpoxyKTMBHol aeKcuKn pasOuiM Ha yactu (B cpequem no 150—170 caos) u npexuoxusm Tem xe cTyAeHTaM NepBoro Kypca repepectu CHMCKH CJIOB Ha poAHOl #3biK. Karkayio YacTb ONNOHMpoBasIM He MeHee 12 cTyAextos. Tloeae atoro nepesogpl 6btH HPOBEpeHbI MO 8arOTOBJeHHEIM CTaHapTaM. Eca Kakoe-s1H60 ca0BO 6bIIO He H3BeCTHO 25% CTY €HTOB-ONNOHEHTOB, TO OHO MCKJMOWAOCh U3 CHUCKAa penpoxyKTHBHO eKcuKku. Tocae TIPOBepKH BCero penpoAYKTHBHOTO CIOBAPA OKAa3a/IOCb, YUTO COB C HH3KUM MOKa3aTereM JOcToBepHocTu HaOpasiocb oKono 600, nH 7,5% oOtero KomHUecTBA pelpodylupoBaHHBIx cos. KoneyHo xe, JaHHEre cosa MHOruM CTY€HTaM ObIIM TOKE USBECTHEI, OAHAKO MpHUWIOCh MpHOerHyTbh K CTaTHCTHYecKHM MeTOZaM onpeyeteHuaA, 4TOOnI pa3TpaHHuHTb, UTO H3BECTHO WJIM HeHSBeECTHO AIA OOMbIIMHCTBA. Hanpumep, copa eaaoba, nosapHorit, 3aKoH, sacedanue, KoAomb, KaMOK 4 T.. MHOTHe CTY JeHTEI SHaJIM, a CNOBa OnAOM, ceemcKuii, MACHOL, MomMHoLtl, eemuuHa, nodonerHoll — HET, T.e. UX BOCIIPOHsBeIM Ha aMaATD CHJIbHbIe, HaYHTaHHble CTY eHTEI, XOpoulo Bulayelolive pycckuM s3biKoM. [lostomy Ha ocHoBannu 600 cop Ha peMIPOAYKTHBHOFO C.IOBapsA C HH3SKUM MOKa3aTenem HOCTOBEPHOCTH ObIIH COCTAaB/eHBI Aga TecTa: OAMH — AIA MepeBoOB c pyccKoro A3KIKa Ha AHTOBCKHI (mlaccHBHoe BulaNeHMe ASbIKOM), APyTOi — AA MepeBONOB C MHTOBCKOTO ABEIKa Ha pycckuit (akTHBHOe BylayeHne si3bIKOM). TIpuyem nocaequmii tect onenupanca TBa2K JIpt: NepBblli pas 3acuHTHIBaIMCh u TaKHe NepeBojibl, KOTOPbIe BbIPAKal CHHOHUMHTHbI€ SHAYEHHA; BTOPOH pas NOACYMTHBAHCb TOJIbKO TOUHBIE NepeBo bl, 3HaveHHA KOTOPbIX COOTBETCTBOBAIM STaOHaM, T.e. ‘IMTOBCKOMYy Tecty. TecTBI ycoBHO o6osHaunaN GyKBamu: P—JI (qa8 nepepofla ¢ pyccKoro ASbIKa Ha JMTOBCKHit); JI—Pe (ga nepesoga c mtoBcKoro a3pika Ha pycckuit c yyeToM cHHOHHMHYeCkux sHayenuli); JI—Pr (41a nepesoga c autoscKoro sagbika Ha pycckuli c yueTOM TOJbKO TOYHBIX 3HaYCHMH, COOTBETCTBYIOLIAX JIHTOBCKOMY TecTy). Tak Kak CTYCHT B TeYeHHe OAHOTO 3aHATHA 600 coB TlepeBecTH He B COCTOAHHH, To TecTI ObWIM MOAPasjleteubi Ha Tpu BapHanta 110 200 cnoB B Kaxk Jom. Bee Tecrst nepeBOHJINCb 2 THIC. CTY TEHTOB (ta6.1. 1; em. puc. na 45 c.), 44 Pesy1bTaTbl mepesosoB No BapHaHTaM 240 TecTOB BepHO OTpaxkKaloT jelicTBUTe/bHOCTb: B NepBbili BapHaHT Obl OTOOPaHbl 200 csloBa H3 pelpOAYKTHBHOLO CJIOBapsA C CaMbIM HHSKUM MlOKa3aTeIeM JOCTOBepHocTH, BO BTOpoit — co cpeqHHM, B TpeTHit — ¢ BeCbMa BbICOKUM, T.e. Jo 40—45% cryJICHTOB 3HasIM C10Ba W3 penpoyKTHBHOTO cnopapa. Bce xe B TecTbl Takve C/IOBa HaMH BKJOWaJINCb, TaK KaK TOJbKO C 50°%-HOli JOCTOBepHOCTbIO COBO IIpHHHMaJlOCb KaK H3BeCTHOe JIA OOJIbILIMHCTBA. UroObi onpeseiuth, pacmpesednetcaA AM KOJIHYECTBO MepeBeJeHHBIX CJIOB MO HOpMaJIbHOMY 3aKOHYy, HaMM ObIJIH BbIBeeHbI KPHBEIe SMMMpHYecKorO pacipesereHna (cM. pHcyHoK). OHM ToKasbiBaloT, 4TO paciipejeseHHA YHCed MpaBUbHO MepeBeeHHbIX CJIOB 61M3KH K HOpMaJibHOMy. XapakTepHo, uTo BCe pacnpeyeleHHa UMeIOT NpaBylO AaCHMMETPHIO. " A-Pr 180 120 }—-y Yucno cmygeHmob N ~. m 40 60 60 100° Nepebegexuole cnoba, 7, Ta6anna | Pesyabtatpt nepeBoOnoB | Tectit P—JI JI—Pe JI—Pr Bapnaut | | T TecTa Cpeguee | % or oOmero Cpenuee |%oroGmero| Cpeaxee % or oGulero: KO.1-BO TepeBe- | ACHHBIX CJIOB KOJIHYeCTBAa |KOJI-BO TlepeBe-) COB B TecTe | J@HHBIX CJIOB KOM4eCTBa |KOJI-BO TepeBe-| KOJIMNeCTBA CJIOB B TecTe | JEHHBbIX CJIOB | CJIOB B TecTe PaccuntaeM, Kaka MorpelllHocTh MOy4uTCA Tip pactpezeseHuH YacTH CTyJIeHTOB, KOTOPbIe TpaBuJibHoO mepesesu tect. [IpezembHy!o MoOrpelliHocTb A BbIYMCIUM Mo (popmyule: A=t | 2™ (1-z) . rye t — kKoadPpunNeHT OCTOBepHOCTH, 3aBHCALli OT BepOATHOCTH, C KOTOpOH HaM XOUeTCA MOYUNTb pesybTaT; W — YacTb CTYeHTOB, KOTOpbIC MpaBHJIbHO TlepeBes TecT; nm — 4HCO ONPOWeHHLIX CTYLeHTOB; N — 4HcwJO CTYAeHTOB B HCcalekyeMoit (reHepasbHOl) COBOKYMHOCTH. B amie uccmenosanun t=2 npu BeposTHoctu 0,954. Mnaye rogopsi, B 95,4%, cayyaeB YaCTb OTOOPOYHO! COBOKYNHOCTH MOKpoeT YacTb reHepa.IbHOlt. B kauecTBe npumepa ipuBesleM pacueT MorpelliHocTu TecTa P—JI. Hamu onpomextt 600 cryzentos (n=600). Bcero B revepaJbHoli CopOKYMHOCTH, T.e. Ha MepBOM Kypce OOy4aeTcA CBbILIe 2 THC. CTYeHTOB (N=2000). { | | | I | 61 30,62 61 30,34 28 | 14,04 IL | TS 37,64 | 66 33,01 29 14,65 Tl | 86 43,19 | Ti 38,58 44 22,15 | | B cps 74 | 37,15 | 68 | 33,98 34 | 16,95 | 45. Torga / 0,370,683 A=2 wo (10,0326, umm 3,26 %. Vinaye ropops, MoxKeM yTBep2KaTb C JOCTOBEPHOCThIO 0,954, 4To cTyeHTbI MepBoro Kypca CMOCOOHEI MpaBHJIbHO TlepeBecTH C PYCCKOTO ASbIKAa Ha JHUTOBCKui B cpeaHem 37—40% cos, MpeAcTaBsIeHHBIX B TecTe P—JI. Cuegopatesbxo, 3HaYeHUS JIAHHBIX C/IOB CTYJCHTHI AeHCTBUTEbHO SHAalOT, H STH CJIOBA MOXHO CHHTaTb COCTAaBHOH YaCTbIO PelpOLyKTHBHOFO COBapsA. Anamorvunbim cnoco6oM HaMH MOJIy4eHbI COOTBeTCTBYIOUIMe TMorpelliHocTH rectos JI—Pec u JI—Pr: 3,18 u 2,58% cooTBeTcTBeHHO. 3HauuT, Bce CTY Je@HTbI mpu mepesoye tecta JI—Pc B cpeqHeM MorvIM ObI TlepeBecTH OT 31 go 37% caos, npn nepesoge tecta JI—P — or 14 no 19%. Caeqopateibio, CTaTHCTHYeCKHMH MeTOJaMH yJaslOcb JOKasaTb, YTO B TECTax UACTb COB CTYeHTH! XOpOIIO sHaloT (3TO PeMpoxyKTHBHAA wleKcuka), KOTOpas ONATH HaMH BKOYeHa B OOUIMi CIHCOK H3BECTHBIX C/OB; APyTaa YaCTb COB HM HefOCTAaTOYHO XOpoOlllo UsBeCTHa, TpeSyeTCA NONOHUTEMBHOE H3ydeHHe (ona 6pla UCKMIONeHA 43 peNpoLyKTHBHOFO COBaps). O6uuii cnucoK penpoxyKTMBHO! weKCHKM PyCCKOTO ASbIKa YYALHXCA-MTOB11eB BCe 2Ke BHISBIBAeT COMHEHHE 110 TOM IIPHUHHE, UTO OH ABIACTCA cyMMoii TemaTHueCKHX CMHCKOB cJloB. Karkspili CMMCOK BOCMPOMSBOJMTCA B COUMHCHHAX IHINb 12 cryJeHTos. Moxer 1M penpolyKTHBHbIi caoBapb 12 cry7eHTOB ObITb Goulee MeHee 06 bEKTHBHBIM H XapaKTepHLIM MOKasaTeieM AI OosbIOTO KonTuHreHta? (B HallieM cmyyae — Aad Gonee 2 THIC. CTYeHTOB.) B wenax onpexenenua JocTOBepHOCTH LeTOCTHOTO peMpoAyKTHBHOTO COBapA PYCcKOrO ASbIKa yUAIMXCA-/IMTOBLUEB OHA H Ta we TeMa (,.B GoubHune”) mpedslonKena 252 cryeHTaM MepBoro Kypca. (OTO MHHUMa/IbHOe KOJIM4ECTBO OTNOHEHTOB, NO pe3yIbTaTaM BOCMPOHSBEeHHOH eKCHKM KOTOPLIX Toce CTATHCTHYCC” Koli OOpa6oTKH MOXKHO JeraTh OOoOMeHHDIe BbiBOspI.) JleKcukKa BCeX COuMHeHHIt nojcuntana Ha SBM ,,Munck-22“. BaiGop Tembl O6yCJOB/eH TEM, YTO OHA SHAYUTCA B IIpOrpaMMe Mo pyCCKOMY ASBIKY AA UIKOJ C IHTOBCKHM ASbIKOM o6yyeHua (p 4-M u 8-M Kulaccax) H, KaK HaM KaxKeTCA, ABAAETCA HeiiTpaJIbHOH, T.e. He TpeOyer OT MHIUyMHxX KakUX-JIMOO CrIellMaJIbHbIX 3HaHHii MM OCcOOOi MHTepmpeTaWMH — Hafo ObWO MII ONHCaTb Kakoil-HnOy Ab caysali, CBASaHHbI C HecYacTbeM y Oonbuutielt. OcbunMa/IbHBIM MOBOJOM jist HanucaHHa JaHHol TeMbI ABHJIaCb MIpoBepKa [paMOTHOCTH IlepBOKYPCHHKOB Ha OHOM H3 MEPBbIx 3aHATHH B By3e, T.e. TOKa OHM elle He HMeJIM HAKaKoli BysoBcKOl tlogroToBKH. Ham xoreslocb Mo.tyUNTb THIMYHEIe a GObIIMHCTBa pesy/IbTaTHI. OTr6upastucb culy4aiinple CTY 1eHueckie rpyMibl TAKUM O6pa3soM, YTOOLI Ha KOsIMYeCTBO H COCTAB BOCTIPOHSBOAHMoii Je@KCHKH He OKa3biBadH GosbIloTO BAMAHHA (bakTOpbl BOSpacTa, 9pyAMILHH (uam ontira) u 7.2. B nofo6HOM SKCHepHMeHTe, MpOBezeHHOM Hamu B 1970 r. B OHO akajlemuueckol rpynme, 12 nepBokypCHMKOB Ha NaHHy!0 TeMy BOCHPOHSBemu 650 cos. Hpmenmii GombWol SKcHepHMeHT MOATBepAMJ MpexKHHe PesysbTati: B21 akayemuueckoi rpymme (no 12 coumHeHHaM B Kak oi) HaCdHTbIBaIOCb B cpequem 630—645 coz. B wemom 252 cryfeHTa BOCTIPpOMsBeH B CBOHX counHeHUAX MpHOmMsuTebHO 3540 pasHEIx cioB (6e3 yueTa yactoTHocTu). B o6mjem cnucke BOCIIPOMsBeMeHHON eKcHKH OKOWIO 11% cocTaBIAIOT HHOCTPaHHble cj1oBa, HMeIOMMe COsBYTHBIe KOPHH B PYCCKOM H POAHOM — JIMTOBCKOM sSbIKaXx. Tlo yacTAM pew COBa MospasseimoTcA cieAyIOulMM o6pa30M: cyllecTBUTe/IbHBIe — oKono 35%, npunaratembupie — 14, rarosbl — 36, Hapewua — 9, MecTouMeHua — 1, wucauTembubie — 1, Wpyrue uacTH pew — 4%. 46 TematTwyeckan penpoxyKTHBHad JIeKCHKa Y4AIMXCA-JIHTOBLEB HOCHT APKO BLIPAKeHHBIi XAaPaKTep PYCCKOl pasroBOpHOli peu. OcnoBHoe apo c.i0B — 9TO Han6ojlee ylOTpeOuTesbHBIe C/10Ba COBpeMeHHOli pycckolt pasroBopHoli pein B YCJIOBUAX HeMpHHyKAeHHOTO OOULeHHA. [Ip weculeqoBaHHM penpoxyKTHBHOTO ClOBapA PyCCKOTO ABbIKa y CTYACHTOB-JIMTOBIEB BOSHHK BOMPOC 0 TOM, ABAACTCA AM CyIeCTBEHHbIM MPH3HaKOM OTHollenve akayemuyeckux rpynn (T. e. mpa6) K TOMy HIM Apyromy cakybTery. Sror BoMpoc peliiaicA MeTOJOM AHCMepCHOHHOTO aHalIM3a MyTeM CpaBHeHHA ABYX jucnepeuli — MexKAy rpyiiamMu u BHYTpH rpymm — c yyeTOM TOrO, 4TO BTOpan JciepcuaA paccMaTpHBawlach KaK BbIpaxKeHHe cayyaliHoh BapHallMH aHHux. Ecau oTHoulenve stax qucnepcuit F npessofizer uspecrupiit reopetaueckuit npeget, To Jelicrsue cakTopa (T.e. MpHHaqexKHOCTh Tpynmbl K kKakomy-.1H60 bakybTeTy) cueqyeT CUHTaTb AoKasaHHbIM. Bprncienne MpousBoAHsOCh Ha 9BM .,Haupu-2“. Monyanam F=1,38 npn ctemenax cBobosbr & 220 wh =220. Ilposepka noay4enHoro sHaveHua (lyTeM CpaBHeHHA C TeOPeTHYCCKHM 3Ha¥eHnem Fo,=1,87 no J]. B. Oyany, cm. »COOpHHK cTaTacTHyeckax Tamu. M., 1966) np HamM4HH Tex xe CTeneHelt CBOOOAbI MOKa3a/la, 4TO P= o oi; Te. 6 nlorpeiinoctbio B 1% MoxkHO yTBep2xKAaTb, 1TO Ha COfeprKaHHe Hi KOJIMUeCTBEHHBIM O6'bEM PeMpOAYKTHBHOTO CAOBapA PYCCKOTO ABbIKAa CTY ACHTOB-JIHTOBLEB He OKa3bIBaeT BAMAHHA OTHOMIeHHe TOM WIM HHO aKaeMMYeCKOl rpyMibl K TOMY HIM Apyromy (akypTery. Caenosatembio, m106aa cry fen4eckas rpynna c morpelinocrbio B 1% BocrpoWaBeeT ClOBAapb, KOTOpBIi Oy eT MpeACTAaBAATS ONTUMAIbHbIi BapHaHT COBOKYTIHOCTH, T.e. TeMaTHYeCKHi PeMpOAYKTHBHBI COBapb PyCCKOFO ASbIKa CTYAeHTOB-JIMTOBILCB. ConocrapieHue Halllero cnucka cos c ,,2380 coBamH, HawOo.lee ynorpeOUTeNbHBIMA B pyccKolt pasrosopHolt perm (M., YH um. II. JlymyM6et, 1968), nloKasbiBaeT, UTO B PeMpOAYKTHBHOH TeMaTHYeCKON JeKCHKe yUalllXCcA-JHTOBwep HacuNTbIBaeTcA Jo 66% o6mMx caos. Bor mpuMepbi CoBMataloulMx COB: OabyuKa, Oeeame, eudemo, easema, Opyeou, udmu u T.4. A BOT CAOBa, KOTOPEIX HeT B CIIMCKe PeMpoAyKTHBHOH JeKCHKH yuallluXca-aHTOBLeB: Oe300pasue, OyKeaAbHO, 20cnodu, UULb, NAeMAKHUYA, NOMpamume, Npucmyn UH T.A. OTH TIpHMepbl MOKasbIBaloT XapakTepHble OcOGeHHOCTH pacmpoctpaHeHuA pyccKoit pas roBopHOli pew B PYCCKOli H MHOASLIMHON Cpeze. He Bee Hi0aHcbl YHCTO pyCccKol cpeypl (cM. eocnodu, utp Hi T.J.) MepeHOcATCA B MHOASBIUHYIO cpesy. (Cm. ,,4acTOTHbI COBapb coBpemeHHoro pyc. #3.“ Cocr. II. HM. Xapaxos. — Opyxse, 1971.) PenpoxykTHBHad JIeKCHKa PyCCKOrO ABbIKA BSPOCJIbIX yUAaLWXCA-AHTOBeB COBMaflaeT ¢ JeTcKoi pasroBopHoli (GbIToBOii) pewbio Ha 36,5%. Upumeppr copnaslaiontelt weKcuKH: Kposame, aesoril, acd, mup, HAO, O4eHo, Nocme2o, cepoyeu 7.1. CiloBa, KoTOpple HMeIOTCH TOKO B culoBape IT. HM. Xapakosa: ypod, putuKa, 2Oe0A, 4UHCUK, MEXHULKA, CAIOIA, CAHOK, PASUHA, NOZOPHUK, MOCOA, AOXMAmoui, aaniua, KyAGK Mi T.Jl., NOKa3bIBalOT, UTO COCTaB JIeKCHKM B HeKOTOpOii cTeMleHH 3aBHUCHT OT perHona, rye NporkuBaloT yyalllMeca, HaceseHHe. Onuako He culeqyer 3a0biBaTb, YTO B JaHHOM PeMPOAYKTHBHOM CIIMCKe CJIOB lOKa3aHbI BO3MOXKHOCTH BOCNPOHSBE CHA JICKCHKM JIMIb Ha oy Temy. Bostbuioe KOJIM4eCTBO TEM, GesyCJIOBHO, BHeCeT pasHooOpasHe B COCTaB JI€KCHKH. ConocraBuleHie TeMaTHYecKO PenpOAYKTHBHOH JeKCHKH, BOCTIPOHsBeeHHO! 252 yuallUMuca-JHTOBLAMH, C WeJIOCTHBIM CHHCKOM pelpoAYKTHBHOM JeKCHKH, KOTOpas BOCIPOUSBOAMach rpynnama (mo 12 yyatuxcs) Ha KaxkLylO OTLebHYIO TeMY, MOKa3bIBaeT, YTO OTMHMUHA B OCHOBHOM 3aBHCAT He OT KO/IMYeCTBa ONNOHEHTOB, a OT MIpeAVIOxKeHHO!! TeMbI. OcHOBHOe APO COB TOBTOpAeTCA TO BCeM TeMaM, IpHyeM TeMaTH4eCKH OO COB/eHHas JeKCHKa He BCerja ObiBaeT CAMO! YACTOTHOI. AF Hanpumep, copa anmexka, acnupun, earokosa, Ougmepum, Ooxop, 30HO, Kpoeabiti U T.J., HMeIONMe, Ka3aiocb Obl, MpHAMOe OTHOLIeHHe K TeMe »B 6071bHHUe“, TOBTOPAIOTCA B HallleM TeMaTHYeCKOM CICK JIMIb OJHH — Ba pasa. BaxkHoe 3HaveHHe B BOCIPOMSBeAeHHH JeKCHKM UrpaeT TO OOcTOATeMbCTBO, Kak yuallwecd ycBOHIM cucTemy pycckoro caoBoo6pas0Banua. MxorkecTBo OJHOKOPeHHIX COB HMeeTCA B Pa3HbIX YaCTOTHBIX CIHCKAX pycckoli pasropopHoli I@KCHKH, HO B OMHUX — 9TO TvlarOvIbl PasHbIX BHAOB, B Apyrux — 9TO HMeHa CYMeCTBUTEJIbHbIe, B TpeTbUX — 9TO IIpHaTaTeMbHble, HapeiiA HM T.1. Mexiy TeM OHH CUHTAIOTCA OTJEAbHBIMH COBAaMH, H MOSTOMY OOEM CIHCKOB H YacTOTHOCTb COB B PaSHBIX U3faHHAX ObiBalOT BecbMa HeofMHaKoBnI. To KacaeTcA yualllHMXCA-JIMTOBUEB, TO MOXKHO C YBePCHHOCTbIO CKa3aTb, YTO OHH HemNOXO OpsajeBal0T B Kose CUCTeMOM pyCCKOFO COBOOOpas0BaHUsA, TAK KaK OHA BO MHOTOM CXOfHa C CHCTEMOM COBOOOpasOBaHUA B JIMTOBCKOM ASbIKe. Virak, pyccKad JeKcHKa, BOCHPOU3BeJeHHad B COUMHCHHAX Ha OAHy H Ty Ke remy 12 yuallluMHca-JIHTOBLAMH, ABIAeTCA XapakTepHOl Jia OOJIbIMHCTBa MCculelyeMOro KOHTHHreHTa (T.e. AyA CBbILe 2 THIC. CTY eH TOB-IlepBOKyPCHHKOB). Orcioga calexyeT, YTO WeOCTHBI PelpOAYKTHBHbI CNOBapb pyccKOTO sA3bIKa TowKe HMeeT BECbMa OOBEKTHBHY!O OCHOBY. OObeM PeNPOAYKTHBHO! JeKCHKM PYCCKOTO ASbIKA YUALLUXCA-JMTOBLLEB ONPejlemleH BeCbMa JOCTOBepHO. OG 9TOM TOBOPHT NPOBepKa 3HaHUA ASbIKa (MyTeM TepeBOja CMHCKOB C/IOB Ha JHTOBCKUMi ASHIK) B MJAaMIIMX KJaCCaX JIMTOBCKHX WIKI (go 8-ro KI, BKAIOUMTEIbHO) H B @CHOM TeXHHKyMe (I-fi Kype, T.e. 10 OKOHYAaHun 8-ro Ksacca). PesyabTat mpopepku — cBpillle 5 TbIC. COB yYAall[MMCA-/MTOBLAM H3BECTHO, cpeau HUX OKONO 2 THIC. HEMPOHSBOZHBIX CJIOB. PenpoxykKTHBHad JeKCHKa PyCCKOFO ASbIKa y4allMXCA-JTMTOBLEB oOcyKJalach Ha MeTOMUHeCKHX KOMepeHIMAX, UTEHHAX H BacefaHHAX yunTeNel Hamel pecny6muxu. Co CTopoHbt MpakTHKOB CyllecTBeHHbIX SaMevaHHii He MOCTYTHJIO. Cnmcok penpoxyKTHBHOH JeKCHKH PYCCKOTO A3bIKa Y4alMXCA-JIMTOBILEB conocTaBasJIcH HaMH ¢ NpoeKTOM ,,EAHHOTO CJ1IOBapsA-MMHUMyMa JIA HallMOHaJIbHO cpeqHeli WKONbI“, OObEM KOTOpOTO 4 TpIC. CJIOB. Oxa3aocb, ¥TO B CIMCKe PeMpoAyKTHBHON JIeKCHKH y4AalIIMXCA-/IMTOBLEB oTcyTcTBOBaIO BCero Jil 607 COB U3 MpoeKTa COBapA-MHHHMyMa. Vs Beex BBITIHCaHHBIX, OTCYTCTBYIONIUX B PeMPOLYKTHBHOM CIIHCKe COB HaMH ObIJIH COcTaBjleHb aeKcuueckue TecTsI (110 75—80 c.10B B Ka%K JOM), KOTOpHIe NpesowKHIH nepesecth Ha posHoit aspiK 300 cTyqentam I Kypca (OHM pyCCKHH A3bIK B By3e emje He usyyaan). Pesyaprat mepesogos: 124 copa mepeBetn BCe ONNOHEHTHI. 310 Takue cloBa, Kak epammamuuecKkul, oOveKmueHELt, HaUAAbHOlli Mo T.1Or 75 no 99% cryfenToB MpaBAvibHO nepeBedH 230 c0B, HH 37,9%. Or 50 fo 75% CTYMeHTOB NpaBuuIbHoO nepeBestu 140 coB, HM 23,1%. Beem cryazentam ObiJIM He W3BECTHBI Take coBa: Kaesep, Opecmu, Oopoxa, OblauHa, Hapuyameronotti. TaKHM 06pa30M, MOXHO NomaraTb, YTO U3 4 TEIC. CJIOB, OTOOPaHHbIX B MpoeKT EMHOTO C10Baps-MUHMMYMa JIA HalMoHatbHOl cpennelt UIKOuI“, BCeTO JIMLIb 300—400 cuos caegyer CUHTaTb HeM3BeCTHBIMM JIA cTyZeHToB I Kypca. Ecam mpHHaTs BO BHUMaHHe OOuMit OO beM penpowyKTHBHOli TeKCHKU PpyCcKOro ABbIKa Y YUALMXCA-JIMTOBIEB, TO, OYCBHAHO, CiIeyeT COrMacHTbcA C TEM, YTO JMTOBCKad CpeMHAA WKouIa 3akwaybiBaeT OoraTylo JIeKcHYeCKy!O OCHOBYy 0 COBpeMeHHOM pyCCKOi pasroBopHo-6pIToBoli peu. Ilenocrupiii cnicoK penpoxykTHBHOrO (pea/bHoro) C1OBapsA PyCCKOTO ASbIKa YUalLMXCA-JIMTOBLEB COCTOHT B OCHOBHOM 3 JI@KCHKH pyceKoli pasropopHoit peau. B cnucKe pycckolt penpoxyKTHBHOH JeKCHKH yUallMXCA-JIMTOBLEB 22,5% COCTaB/IAIOT HHOCTPaHHBIe C/IOBa, HMEIOIUHe CO3BYYHBIC COBa-KOPHH B POAHOM M pycckom sspiKax (akadenuK, axmép, Oaeas, dymOoa, amOaema vi Tui) 5 48 23,7% COCTaBIAIOT KOPHEBbIe C/IOBa (600a, aumb, cad, nemb T.J.), OCTA/IbHbIe C10Ba — NPOMSBOAHEIe, CpeAH KOTOPbIX C/10Ba cybpuKcaibHoro cs10B006pa30BaHUA COcTaBUIAIOT cBbIe 40, mpedbukcasbHoro — CBBIINe 41%. Uactb cop o6pagoBala cydpukcabHO-MpeAK Ca bHbIM cnoco6om (oKOIo 5% BcexX NMPOHSBOJHbIX cos). ITO TOBOPAT O TOM, UTO yYAaIHeCA-AHTOBIIbI B cpequeli wkose Hem10x0 ycBauBaloT cucTemy pyccKoro CsloBOOOpas0BaHHA, KOTOpPasl BO MHOFOM CXOxKa ¢ CHCTeMOM CAOBOOOpasOBaHHA POAHOTO ASbIKa. Cnenyet oTMeTHTb, ¥TO B peripoJLyYKTHBHOM cJloBape PyCcKoro ASbIKa yualluXcA-JMTOBIeEB OTCYTCTByIOT TakHe THMbI COBOOOPasOBaHUA, KOTOPIX HeT B JIMTOBCKOM ASBIKE. Hanpumep, nputs3KaTeJIbHO-OTHOCHTeJIbHbIC MpHaraTeJIbHble C cyukeamn: -ux (nanux, Tlemun), -auuti (Kowanui, aseywuauutl), -wuti (QoxepHull) u T.1. B AHTCBCKOM ABbIKe B TaKHX CJIYYAAX MPHHaLMeKHOCTh BbIpakaeTCA CYMLeCTBUTC/bHbIM B POAMTebHOM Tajeke. Cpequ Haw6o.1ee uacTo ynoTpeOuisemMbix cydPHKCOB OTMCTHM: js o6pa30BaHUA HMeH CYILECTBUTEIbHBIX -Me26, -e4, -O4K, -HUK, -UUA, -K, -OCIb, -OHbK, -eHbK, -AHUE, -eHUe; DJs OOpasoBaHHA TarOOB -U6a, -16d, -HY; AJia OOpasoBaHhA IIpHsaraTebHbIX -H-, ~CK-, -OHH, -CHH, -HH. Cppnue 40 npHcTaBok ObisIo Ha3BaHO yualllMMHCA-JIMTOBILAMH TPH mpecpuKcaJIbHOM CJIOBOoOpasoBaHHH, CpeslH HUX HanGowlee YaCTbIMH Opin cueqyroulue: no — 380, 0(06) — 294, y — 238, c — 182, ne — 176, eo. — 168, wa — 161, om — 151, npu — 145, npo — 127, co — 99, pas — 97, 6 — 95, nod — 83 u 7.4. Cpenu c0B PeNPOAYKTHBHOTO CHoBAPA YUAIIHXCA-MTOBEB BeChMa Gosbulioe KOJIHYeCTBO cocTaBJd10T HMeHa, (paMiJIHH, reorpadHueckHe HasBaHHA, HAaHMeHOBAHNA cbupM, CHOPTHBHBIX KOMaH H T.II. B tes0oM 9Ta YacTb JIEKCHKU COCTAaBJIAeT 10,7% Bcero oO beMa ONPeAeEHHOFO HAMM PeMPOAYKTHBHOTO C/OBapsA. Ananu3 WMeH H Ha3BaHull NpegcTaBAKAeT HHTepec, TAK Kak B HeKOTOPOH cTeneHH XapakTepHsyeT Kpyro30p yUAaLUXCA: BMECTE C TEM 9Ta JIEKCHKA ABIACTCA MOATBep*K eHHeM Toro dakTa, YTO PeaJIbHbIi CIOBAPb PYCCKOTO ABbIKA YUALMXCA-/NTOBILEB HaMHOTO OoJbILe, YeM OH ONPEJeIACTCA IKOJIbHOH mporpaMMoi. Cpa3b yeroneka ¢ Tol HAM HHOM MeCTHOCTbIO (OTKyZa POZOM, KUTEb KaKOTO mecTa) BbIpaxkaeTca B PpyCCKOM SSbIKe PasHbIMH cnocoéamu. B mHCbMeHHBIX paOoTax YUAallHXCA-AMTOBLER BCTPewaicA TiaBHbIM o6pasoM onvcaTeabHbili cm0CoO: YKa3bIBaJICA %KUTENIb, a jaJibille — reorpatpueckoe HasBaHHe B POAHTEbHOM najlexKe, Hanpumep, acumens Mockéel. Sto cooTBetcTByeT HOpMaM POAHOTO si3blKa. Ouenb peqKo BeTpeyaiotcs cydbuKcastbHBie o6pasoBaHua (THMa: meKosudu, nekoeumane). OveBu HO, U3-3a COMMA CyPPHKCOB B PYCCKOM ASBIKe yuailumcs TPYAHO DorafaTbcs, Kak OOpasoBatb HasBaHHe 2KuTeseli TOTO HAM HHOTO MeCcTa. Heo6xozuMo toguepkuyTb, YTO 2%KeHCKMe HMeHa MH aM ynotpeOiAIMcb HaMHOTO pExke, Cpe JIMTOBCKMX HMEH H dbamunuit My2kckux Givi 69,4, %KeHCKHX — 30,6%. @aMuaHH HaMM ObLIM CrpyNnnMpoBaHbl No poly 3aHATHH HAM pos. HanGouree TOMY AAPHBIMH OKa3aJHCb HMeHa H baMHJIMH JIMTepaTyPHBIX Tepocs, cnopTemeHOB H MucaTesell; cpeHIOIO NOJOCY COcTaBH.M aMHAHM HCTOPHYECKHX AHYHOCTeli, KOMMOSHTOPOB, YYCHbIX, KOCMOHABTOB, N€BLOB H XY 1O%KHHKOB; B HWAKHIOIO nl0aocy Monat uMeHa wu jamAsnu yuuteeli, Bpayeit, My3bIKaHTOB-HCHOJHHTeeH, CKYJIbNTOPOB HM T.1. Cyle4OBaTe/IbHO, OCHOBHBIM HCTOHHHKOM cbopMuHpoBaHHsl CJ10Bapa yuallluxcA B WKONe ABAAeTCA WHTepaTypa; BMecTe C TEM B node 3peHHa y HHX BCerla OCTalOTCA BarkHeMIIHe CHOPTHBHBIe, HCTOPHyecKHe, Ky JbTYypHble M Hay4Hble COObITHA. Koneuxo, B penipoAyKTHBHOM CJloBape OTparKaloTcs HW HeAOCTaTKH. Hanpumep, OUCH, HesHauH TeNbHO MpecTaBeHEI CHHOHUMHA, AHTOHMMHS, MapOHHMHA H OCOGeHHo cpaseo1OrHsA COBpeMeHHOTO PYCCKOTO ASbIKA. B couwHeHHAX BbIIyCKHHKOB HUIb B peMKUX CLYYAAX MOPKHO ObIIO HaliTH KPacHopedHBle BbICKASHIBAHHA, nipH4, Uls, Nr. 1554 49