О развитии исследований по теме «Русский язык как средство межнационального общения» в филологических институтах АН СССР и национальных республик

SOCIALINES LINGVISTIKOS PROBLEMOS LIETUVIY KALBOTYROS KLAUSIMAIT, XIX (1979) Buxtropua Anekcanzpopyua HBAHOBA O PA3BHTHM HCCIIEQOBAHHM M0 TEME ,,PYCCKMM A3bIK KAK CPEJCTBO ME)KHALWMOHAJIBHOrO OBMIEHKA B SHJIOJOTHYECKHX MHCTHTYTAX AH CCCP HW HALMOHAJIBHbIX PECITYBJIMK Bompoc 0 A3bIKe Me@*KHaL\MOHaJIbHOTO OOUeHHA B Halllel MHOTOHAaIlHOHaJIbHOK CTpaHe sABAAeTCA JeNoM rocyfapcTBeHHO BaxkHoctTu. [laprua u mpaBuTebeTBO MIpHaioT Sombiioe 3HaveHHe MpaBHJIbHOMY pellleHHIO STO mpoOembl. Hamm YUeHbIe-(PHIOOLH, OTKHKaACh Ha aKTYa/bHbIe BOMPOCbI COBPeMeHHOCTH, HalipaBHJIM CBOH yCHJIMA Ha pellleHHe STHX BaxKHBIX 3afay. PaOota BexeTca B UByX HaMIpaBMCHHAX: TeOpeTHYeCKOM H MipakTHYeCKoM. B TeopetwueckoM aciekte BHHMaHHe JMHTBHCTOB HallpaBseHo Ha paspaboTKy MpoOembl (byHKUHOHHPOBaHHA PYCCKOTO ABbIKa B HallHOHAJIbHbIX pectlyOmMKax HM OOsacTax (MecTO M PO/lb PyCcKoro A3bIKa Kak CpeXCTBa MexKHallMOHaMbHOrO OOWeHHA B PasBHTOM COllMasuCTHYeCKOM OOulecTBe). PaspaGaTHIBaloTCA BOMpOcst: 1) Teopetuyeckne OCHOBbI paciiupena cep (pyHKUMOHMpOBaHHA PyCcKOrO ASbIKa B HallHOHaJIbHBIX pecnyOuKax, 2) ColMOM MCHXOJMHTBUCTHYeCKHe (pak TOPLI pacipoctpakeHus PyCcKOrO ASbIKa B YC.OBUAX PaBHOMPaBHOTO HalHOHa/IbHO-pycCKOrO JBYA3bIMHA, 3) KY IbTypa pew B YCAOBHAX AByAsbMA, 4) CoMOCcTaBUTeIbHOTHMOMOTHYecKOe H3yYeHHe PYCCKOTO H HalHOHAJIbHBIX A3bIKOB, 5) mpo6mema TCPMHHOJOTHH B HallHOHAIbHOM ASbIKe, Ce COOTHOIIeHMe C PyCcKOli H HHTepHaUMOHAJIbHOM TepMHHOMOrHeH. OcoGeHHo Goubilloe 3HaveHHe NpHJaeTcA B HaCTOAINee BpeMA NpakTHYeckKoMy pellieHHio mpoO.lem pacripoctpaHeHua pyccKoro sAsbIKa, paciiMpeHuio cep ero (YHKUHOHHpOBaHUA, BHEPeHHIO ONTHMaIbHBIX crocoboB u dopM obyyeHHa. 9 centa6pa 1976 r. cocroatoch 3aceqanue IIpesuanyma AH CCCP, rae o6cyxJasica Bompoc ,,O Hay4Hol paspa6oTKe mpoOem (yHKUHOHHPOBaHUA H H3yYeHHA PYCCKOFO ABbIKa B HallHOHAJIBHBIX pecnyO1uKax“. Ha 9TOM 3aceqaHHM ObIIO mpuHATO NocTaHoBseHHe (Ne 558) ,,O pasBuTHH paOoTbl akaqemMyecKHX yupexjeHnit MO OKa3aHHIO HayYHO-MeTOAMYeCKO MOMOILH HallHOHaIbHbIM IKOaM H By3aM B npenofaBanuu HM paciipocTpaneHu pyccKOroO ABbIKa B pecnyO.INKax“. Bo ucnomHenne storo noctatopenua 4 Mapta 1977 r. npu IIpesuauyme AH CCCP 6niaa npopeyena XXXIV ceccua Copeta mo KoopqHHalMH Hay4Hoit JeATeIbHOCTH akayemHli Hayk Colo3sHbIX pecity61HK. B weHTpe BHAMaHHA Opn MpakTHYeCKHe MePOMPHATHA, OCYIECTB.IAeMBIe (pHAOIOrHYecKHMA yupexjeHUsimu AH no oka3anuio NoMomM cpequeli H BBICHIeli IKOAe B IpenoyaBaHHH pyccKoro ASbIKa H Y/IYUWeHHIO BiaeHAA HM BS8POC/IbIM HaceweHHeM pecityO.IMK, a TakxKe paGoTa TepMHHOJIOrMYecKHX OpraHos Mo paspa6oTKe OcHOB TocTpoeHua Hw ynopsJOYeHHA HaydHO HM TeXHMYeCcKOH TepMHHOJIOrHH (Ha HallMOHabHBIX A3bIKaX B COOTBETCTBHH C PYCCKOli HayYHO-TeXHHYeCKOl TepMHHOJOrHell). Ha ceccum npunsato noctanosmenue ,,O paGote (puionormyeckux yupexyenuii AH CCCP, pecny6aukanckux akajemuii u dbumasios AH CCCP no oxasannio Hay4HO-MeTOAMYeECKOH TOMOMLM WIKOJIaM H BY3aM B MpenosaBaHHu u pacnpoctpaHeHHM pyccKoro ASbIKa‘‘. B cBsi3H ¢ STHM ObIIO MpeMOwKeHO cossaTb B aKajleMHAX HayK COWSHBIX Pecny6MUK CielMasbuble HayYHO-HCCeAOBaTebCKHE NOJPaseleHHA, 3aHHMalol[Heca 3TOH mpob.temoit. 31 B nactosilee Bpemsa B cbutonormyeckux yupexgenuax AH cowsnpix pecmy6JIUK CO32aHHe TAkUX Nolpasqertenuit 3akanuupaercs. B OoubuMHcTRe peciyO/HK (YCCP, BCCP, YsCCP, AsCCP, JIutCCP, ApmCCP, FCCP, KuprCCP, TypxCCP, Jlars CCP, TCCP) co3jaHbl cTauHoHapHple CeKTOpEI, OTIeNbI HH rpymmbt pycckoTo ssbika. B ypyrux pecny6auKax (Moayzasun, Oecrouun) no_o6ubie rpynmpt opraHHSOBaHbI Ha OOWLECTBEHHBIX Hayalax. B Mucruryte pyccxoro sabia AH CCCP 8 1975 r. rake co3nana cnenmasibHaa rpynna ,,Pycckuli a3bIiK KaK cpeqCcTBO MexKHaLHOHa/IbHOTO oOulenua“, KoTopas paOotala B TECHOM KOHTaKTe € CeKTOPOM CONHOMMATBHCTHKA Mucruryta sspikosHanua AH CCCP u nayyHbim copetom mo usyyseHmio PasBHTHA HallHOHaJbHbIX ssbikop pu OJIs| AH CCCP, B xontaxre c HMM TIPAHI u Musuctepcetsom nmpocBetjenua CCCP. 3a mpowieamee Bpema rpynnoii ,,Pycckuit a3pik KaK CpecTBO MexKHaLMOHaIbHoro o6ujeHua“ Vucruryta pycckoro sspika AH CCCP 6puia npojedana cyteAytoulan pa6ota: 1. Copmectuo ¢ Mucruryrom saspixosHanua AH CCCP u JAMHTBUCTHYCCKHMH YIPEKTCHHAMH akaJeMHH HayK COIO3HBIX pecnyOMK w3fana KHHTa_,,.PyccKHii ASPIK KAK CP€ACTBO Me*KHAallHOHaJIbHOTO O6ueHHA~ (M.: Hayxa, 1977), B KOTOpoii HalllIM OTparkKeHve O6ulHe BOMpocbI OuMUTBH3Ma B CCCP 1 Mpo61eMbr (byHKuHoHMPOBaHHA PYCCKOTO AisbIKa Ha Ykpanue, B Benopyccun, Asep6aiipxane, JIutse, JlatBuu, Y36ekuctane. B atoii KkHure UPHBOJMTCA pasBepHyTad aHHOTHpOBaHHaa OuOnorpadusa copetcKoll autepatyppl m0 mpo6emaM OuJIMHTBu3Ma H MpenoAabaHHlo PYCCKOTO AsbIKa B HallMOHAJIbHBIX WIKOaX H By3ax. B HacTostlee Bpema TOTOBATCH HOBbI€ KHHTH Ha Ty xe Temy (c ocBelleHHem (byHKUHOHUpOBaHUA pycCKOTO ASbIKa B APYIHX HalMOHAIbHBIX pecmy6auKax u oOsacTax CopeTcKoro Coosa). 2. Cosmectuo c HWM TIPSHIL ATIH CCCP PaspaOoratl Hay4Ho OGocHOBaHHBIe Pe€KOMEHal\MH NO COBeplIeHCTBOBAaHHIO MpenosaBaHA PYCcKOrO ASbIKa B HalluoHAIbHBIX PeciyONHKaxX H aBTOHOMHEIX oOsactax CCCP, KOTOpble MepeqaHbt B OJISl AH CCCP 1 8 Muuucreperso npocsenjenus CCCP. 3. Cosmecruo c Muctutytom pycckoro s3niKka um. A. C. Tlyuikuua 6b11 mpoBeeH COMOCTABHTCIbHBIH aHaJIM3 y4eOHMKOB PYyCCKOTO sBbIKa, AelicTBy1oulnx B HANMOHAMPHBIX IIKO/AX CO}OSHBIX PECIIYOHK B COOTBETCTBHH C HOBBIMH yue6HBIMH MporpaMMaMu, C yueOHHKaMH aHTauiicKoro U (paHily3cKOTO S3KIKOB uA HHOCTPaHiles, HSfanHbIMM B Anrauu, CIA u ®panuun. (PesyabtaTel ananusa nepegausi B IIpesuquym AH CCCP.) 4. Corpyauuxu rpynmet npunumanu yyactue B cosqanun niporpamM u yue6HHKOB [WIS HalMOHAJIbHBIX IKON H BY3OB: nporpaMMa (baky.1bTaTHBHOTO Kypea »PYCCKHii A3bIK Kak cpeACTBO MeXKHALMOHAaAbHOTO o6ujenna~ (M., 1975); doneTHY€CKHH MHHHMYM M10 PyCCKOMY A3bIKY JIA HalMOHAbHBIX LIKOWI (M., ATIH CCCP, 1977, 5 w.). 5. CorpyquMku rpynnst npunumasa yuacTHe B pelleHsHpoBanHu (penen3sun caanbt B YMC Munuctepcrsa mpocsemenna CCCP) nopMaTupupix joKyMenTos Munucteperpa npocsemexnua CCCP 1 HAM MIPAHIL AHH CCCP: bonermuecknii MHHUMYM TIO PYCCKOMY ASbIKY Jf HaLMOHAAbHBIX IKON; WeKcnuecKHit MHHAMYM TO PYCCKOMY ASbIKY A HalMOHATbHBIX WKOT; rpaMMaTHuecKuli MHHAMVM TO PYCCKOMY ABbIKY JI HAMMOHAJIbHBIX UNKO; opdorpaduyecknii MHHUMYM Mo pycCKOMY ASBIKY JIS HAMHOHAJbHLIX IKOJI; TOMKOBbII CIOBAPb PyCCKOTO A3bIKa JIA HalMOHAJIbHBIX INKOW. 6. CotpyquuKu rpynner Bpesxanu B HallMOHaJIbHbIe pecny6IHKH C LesbIO OSHAKOMJCHHA C paGoTol AMHTBHcTHYeCKHX yupexyenuit aKajemuit HayK co103HBIX PeCIyOJHK M0 H3y4eHMIO pyccKOrO ABsbIKa H OCTAHOBKH ero npenojapanHa 32 B HallMOHAJIbHBIX WKOJax MH By3ax (Octonua, Benopyccua, YKpanna, Monjasus, Tpysus, Apmenus, Asep6aiimxan, Kuprusua, Tamxuxuctan, Typkmenua, Jlutsa). 7. CoTpyAHMKH Tpynnbl BEICTyHaIM Cc JOKalaMM uM MpHHUMaH yyacTHe B OpraHusalluu Kondepenunii: ,,Hayynpie 1 npakTH4eckHe OCHOBbI lipenosaBaHua pycckoro A3bIKa B HallHoHasbHOH wkone“, Tament, 1975 r.; ,,PasBuTHe IBysA3bldHA B Mpomecce O6yyeHus B HallMonastbHOH 1WKONe PCOCP“, Haapunk, 1976 r.; »COBETCKHH ONbIT CO3faHHA H YCOBEPLIeHCTBOBaHHA adaBuTos u opdorpaduli s3KIKOB Haponos CCCP“, Kapauaescx, 1977 r.; ,,KommMyHuctayueckoe BOcnMTaHHe B Mipotecce OOyyeHHA PyCCKOMY ABSbIKy HM JHTepaType B HallMOHa/IbHOK WKOTe™, Tanauu, 1977 r.; ,O6yueHve pycckoMy AB3EIKy B yCJIOBHAX O61NSKOPOACTBEHHOTO Ouumursusma“, Munck, 1975 r.; ,,CopepiienctBoBanHe mpenosaBanua pyccKoro ASbIKa B HAallMOHAIBHBIX NelyynmMax“, Baxy, 1976 r.; ,,AKTyaJbHbIe mpoO.1eMpr lipenloxaBanun pyCcKoro ASbIKa CTY eHTAaM, OOYYAIOULUMCH B HallMOHAaJIbHbIX Tpyiilax HeASbIKOBBIX By30B Cpegneit Asnu u Kasaxctana“, J[ytan6e, 1977 r. u ap. Vuctutyty pycckoro s3pika AH CCCP u Muctutyty sspiKosHanua AH CCCP NOpy¥eHO KOOPAMHUPOBaTb HM HalipaB.ATbh paOoTy OTZeMOB PyCcKOrO ASbIKa COIO3HBIX akaleMuit. C stoi weabio B Konue 1977 r. rpynnod Mucturyta pyccKoro sa3bIKa COBMeCcTHO C OTJe@aMM COIO3HLIX aKkalemuii MpoBezeHa padoTa Mo cocTaBeHHIO M11aHOB Hay¥HO-HCCefOBaTebCKOH eATeMbHOCTH 3TUX OTeN0B. IlpezcTaBseHHbIe M1aHbI paspaOoTaHbl B COOTBETCTBHH C OCHOBHOH mpoOslemaTHKOH, onpejeseHHo BbIeHasBaHHbIMH [loctanoprenusmu IIpesuquyma AH CCCP u XXXIV Ceccun Copeta no KoopaquHauHH. Onn mpeqycmaTpuHBaloT Kak MoHOrpaduyeckue PyHsaMCHTAJIbHbIe UCC1e0BaHHA TO JaHHOH mpoOeMaTHKe, Tak UM paspaGoTKy YaCTHbIX BOMpOCoB, OOyCJIOBJIeHHbIX M€CTHLIMH ASbIKOBbIMH H STHOFPacHyecKUMH YCAOBHs(MH H OcoGeHHOCTAMH. B MaHbl TakKe BKJIOVEHbI US 1aHHe TBYSSHMHBIX H TepMMHOJIOrMYeCKHX COBapeli (padoTa Mo H34aHHIO TaKUX C/IOBapeli B HaCTOAIMee BpeMA IUMpOKO pasBepHyTa BO BCex pectlyOHKax), NpoBeLeHHe CoBelLaHH U KOHdepeHIH HW HaMeyeHbI KOHKpeTHBbIe (POPMbI CBASH aKaeMHYeCKHX JIMHTBUCTHYeCKHX yupexkJeHuit c OpraHaMH HapofHoro OOpas0BaHHA, KacpespaMu pyccKoro A3bIKa HalMOHAJIbHBIX BY30B, HallpaBJeHHbIe Ha COBePIeHCTBOBaHHe mperoxaBanusa pyccKoro sA3bIKa B pecttyOmHKax. OyHako 3HaxOMCTBO C IPeABaPHTCAbHBIMH TlaHaMM y2Ke JaeT OCHOBAaHHe BbIcKa3aTb pl moxKelaHnii B afpec oTzen0B pyccKoro a3bika AH colsHbix pecny61nK. Tak, B NlaHax OTJeM0B akajlemuii Hayk Y36exckoli u AsepOaiigKancKoili pecy61MK MpelycmMaTpuBaeTca paspaOoTKa TOKO TeopeTH4¥ecKHX npobJeM AByA3bIUHA HM MaJIO BHAMAHMA yJeAeTCA TpyJaM MpakTHuecKoro XapakTepa (IIKOJIbHbIe PpaMMaTHKH H T.2.). B orgenax akajlemuii Hayk JlatBun, Ictonun, Jlarecrana pa6ora, HaoOopoT, OrpaHHyHBaeTCA CO3qaHHeM y3KONpPaKTHYeCKHX JBYASBIYHBIX M TepMHHOJOrHYeCKHX cuoBapeli. MHorHMH OTJe1aMH COBeplleHHO He cTaBATCA BOMPOCbI NOMOL[M WIKOJaM H By8aM B YJIYWeHHH MpenojaBaHuA PyCCKOFO ASbIKa, COCTaBJeHHM HM paspadoTKe MporpaMM, y¥eOHBIX MOcoOuH Mu T.1., BOMpOcbI PacmpoctpaHeHuA pyccKOrO ssbiKa CpefH BSpOCJIorO HaceeHuA pecmyO1nk (aulb nucTHTY THI JInTBbI u Moab B AMHTBHCIMYeCKHX %KYypHaax NawUp yor MOCTOAHHY!O pyOpuky AWA Bspocsoro ynTaTeia). He yKaspiBaloTca (popMbI MpoMlaraHjbl pyCCKOrO ASbIKa Yepes cpeycTBa MaccoBoOli HHqopMauMH (raseTbI, paquo, TemeBHeHHe). Hexkoroppie Ha3BaHHble B MJlaHaX TeMbI H€ HMeIOT MepBOCTeMeHHOTO SHayeHHA Ha (pone oOulelt HexocTaTOYHOl paspa6oTaHHOCcTH dbyHJaMeHTabHbIX BOMpOCcoB WIM paspaOaTbIBaloTCA Ha Y3KOM TeppHTOpHasIbHOM MaTepHaule (HaMpHMep, TMB! »MIMeHHTebHBIi MOCTNOSHTHBHBIM B Oe3rarOJIbHbIX MpPHCOCAMHHTE/IbHBIX KOHC3. Ués. Nr. 1554 33 TPYKUWHAX B COBPeMeHHOM pyccKoM sAsbIKe“, ,,CouMabHble BapHaHTH! pasroBopHoro s3bika Epepana“ # p.). B cBA3u C STHM MpeACTaB.AeTCA HEOOXOJMMBIM OOpaTHTb BHMMaHHe BCeX AMHTBHCTHYeCKHX HHCTHTYTOB akajleMHil HayK Ha TO, 4TO ruaBHO sagayel celiac ABIAeTCA paspaOoTKa aKTYaJIbHbIX HM KPYNHbIX MpoOeM pa3BUTHA pyccKoro ASbIKa KaK CPpeACTBA Me*KHANMOHAbHOTO OOIeHHA MH yCHdeHHe MpakTHyecKoli MOMOUIM Mefarorv4ecKHM MHCTHTYTaM HallMOHaJbHBIX peciyO1Mk B yy4WeHHH TipenloaBaHud PyCCKOro ASbIKa B HAWMOHAIbHBIX INKONaX H BY3aX, B OCOOeHHOCTH B WWaHe NOATOTOBKM M OOcyxKAeHHA YYeOHHKOB NO PyCCKOMY A3bIKy C WesbIO MX YHHMKaMH HM MOBbIeHHA KayecTBa. Bce 9To roBOpHT O TOM, 4TO JHHTBHcTHYecKHM yupeaknenuam AH CCCP M COMWSHBIX peciyOAUK MpeACTOHT HaaquTb Gomee TecHbIli KONTAKT C MHHHCTepCTBaMM HapOMHOro OOpasoBanuA, paOOTHHKaMH LIKOJI H By3OB U OO bEAMHHTS CBOH YCHJIMA JIA MpexcTosmel coBMeCTHOM GoAbUIOM, OTBeETCTBeHHOM H OFeHb HYyKHOM CTpaHe paGorst. Muctatyt pycckoro s3biKa AH CCCP DEL TEMOS ,,RUSY KALBA KAIP TAUTU BENDRAVIMO PRIEMONE“ TYRINEJIMU PLETOJIMO TSRS IR NACIONALINIU RESPUBLIKU MOKSLU AKADEMIJY FILOLOGINIUOSE INSTITUTUOSE Reziumé Tauty bendravimo kalba miisy daugianacionalinéje valstybéje yra valstybinés reik&més dalykas. TSRS MA Koordinavimo tarybos XXXIV sesijos (1977 m. kovo 4 d.) nutarimu, sajunginiy respubliky MA lingvistiniuose institutuose baigiami steigti rusy kalbos sektoriai, skyriai ar grupés, turintys teikti nacionalinéms mokykloms moksling-metoding pagalbq déstant ir platinant rusuy kalba. Koordinuoti rusistiniy padaliniy darba pavesta TSRS MA Rusy kalbos ir Kalbotyros institutams. TSRS MA Rusy kalbos instituto 1975 m. taip pat ikurta grup3 ,,Rusy kalba kaip tauty bendravimo priemoné“. Dirbdama kartu su kitomis kalbotyros ir pedagogikos istaigomis, i grupé jau parengé knyga ,,Rusy kalba kaip tauty bendrayimo priemoné“ (Maskva, 1977) ir moksliskai pagristas rekomendacijas gerinti rusy kalbos déstyma TSRS nacionalinése respublikose ir autonominése srityse, palygino sqjunginiy respubliky rusy kalbos vadovélius su naujomis mokymo programomis bei uzsieniniais angly ir pranciizy kalby vadoyéliais, parengé programa, vadovélj ir rezenzavo 5 norminamuosius dokumentus nacionalinéms mokykloms, susipazino su nacionaliniy respubliky rusistiniy padaliniy darbu. 1977 m. pabaigoje grupé su minétais rusistiniais padaliniais sudaré jy mokslinio tiriamojo darbo planus. Teoriné plany problematika tokia: 1) rusy kalbos funkcionavimo sfery nacionalinése respublikose plétimas, 2) rusy kalbos plitimo socioir psicholingvistiniai faktoriai lygiateisés nacionalinés-rusy dvikalbystés salygomis, 3) kalbos kultara dvikalbystés salygomis, 4) rusy ir nacionaliniy kalby gretinamasis-tipologinis tyrimas, 5) nacionalinés kalbos terminijos problema, jos santykis su rusy bei internacionaline terminija. Ypaé didelis démesys planuose turéty biti skiriamas minétoms problemoms platesniu praktiniu aspektu: masinés informacijos priemonémis propaguoti rusy kalba tarp mokiniy ir suaugusiy, padéti diegti optimalius mokymo badus bei formas. Taigi svarbiausias MA filologiniy instituty uZdavinys dabar yra nagrinéti rusy kalbos kaip tauty bendravimo priemonés plétojimosi aktualias ir svarbias problemas, visokeriopai padéti nacionaliniy respubliky pedagoginiams institutams gerinti rusy kalbos déstyma vidurinése bei aukStosiose mokyklose, Tengti ir svarstyti rusy kalbos vadovélius.