Reguliariųjų išvestinių reikšmių pateikimas aiškinamuosiuose lietuvių ir rusų kalbų žodynuose

© SCIENCE LANGUAGES CULTURES IR TERMINOLOGY a ip PROBLEMS Yu Es oo The hy er CD CE a Ee on Gu) Be Sy Wey Theatre ae A ABS Ak Oa (EU ee a: Ei ii is eee A a. © REGULAR ANNOUNCEMENT REIKSMIU SUBMISSION E. < Sl IN STUDY FORMS IN LITHUANIAN IR RUSU LANGUAGE Fie i Ai iE XT A A Sep te Six ea ZODYMIOSE on Ad Pl SYR GLUE in oF 1. Introductory remarks ERS Ss TEE Aa Traditions of studying semantic processes have contributed to the emergence at of problems of regular polysemy. The general laws of the formation of derivative meanings are E one of the most important issues of the analysis of polysemantic words. py | So far, in the theory of lexicology and in practice, ir there has been relatively little research on dauaa, meaningful words characterized by “regular derivative meanings”. st a2 In the practice of lexicography there are no criteria ir principles that would guide the selection of ak these meanings in explanatory dictionaries. į One of the to most difficult problems of 2 lexicography is the formation of the semantic structure of a polysemantic word, the determination rs of meanings, shades. jy This article is concerned with Bi the presentation ir of the regular meanings iSvesin, tiniy of polysemantic nouns in the explanatory notes of Lithuanian-Russian dictionaries. ir ed Iš five explanatory Lithuanian (LKZ — 528, DZ — 330)! ir Russian (DAZ — SY 577, MAZ — 524, RKZ — 478) kalby dictionaries were selected all polynomial nouns, which were iš classified into 2437 lexical-semantic 6b groups, these in turn larger types of classification units į žr o į — *. Dig The results are presented in the table at the end of the article. The upper part of the cells shows the ia percentage of the studying lexical-semantic word group, the lower part of the cell shows the number of words p: o tą (9b) of which These] slots contain regular derivative values, shades, and jų uses. = Research shows productivity of regular polysemy types in distinguishable Lithuanian rusy languages ir In the gardens. By comparing the numbers in the © upper lower cell, we can determine the following ir laws: regular derivative values are typical for all polysemantic words of the lelia, sine-semantic a) group (numbers in the upper lower part of the cell coincide); Da ir b) ne the derivative meanings of all the researched words in the explanatory dictionaries of both languages aaa (percentages in the lower part of the box, iii upper ones); už t For abbreviations, see at the end of the article. "Dad His other Ee 2 The semantic structure of the polysemantic word is so complex that all lexical-semantic groups of words have managed to ne combine into types. + į [: TX pda To ER Ša L a FET Sen i ių Cd Ea Ra c) aiškinamieji lietuvių ir rusų kalbų žodynai visai nežymi reguliariyj nis gh išvestinių reikšmių atskiros leksinés-- semantinés žodžių grupės daiktavar bet ii džių lizduose (apatinė langelio dalis lygi nuliui). e. A,: pr 2 hE In most cases, the lower lower lexical-semantic " group of words a! ors result shows uneven regular derivative values locking these © in explanatory dictionaries. What causes such presentation of polysemantic words in the lexicographic practice? Ta. a 2. Factors determining the notation of regular derivative values in various types = a of aiScraping dictionaries aru - The presentation of semantically homogeneous polysemantic words in various types of explanatory = dictionaries depends on linguistic (lexines-semant A ae — productivity, relevance of words and meanings, usage of jų S me frequency, etc.) and extralinguistic (dictionary type) factors. Eu Lait Regulariyjy derivative meanings presentation in aiSkinamieji Zodynuos determines lexical-semantic words. eh + > the productivity of the group. Investigation re | ultats show that the greatest types [,the whole“—, part of that whole“ the object of the = action (the substance of which iš something is done)“—,that action TA ae result", "volume, capacity"—,, its contents") to be more detailed didZiojc : RAN medium-type aiRather rarely small-type in scanning dictionariesc ir a GE ~ in dictionaries. O ne such produktiviy leksiniy-semantiniy groups („birių th me džiagų matas“ —„container for measuring materials“, „paveikimo priemonė, me džiaga“—„work of art“) of the regular derivative ra — value of the proportional ir A E gai insufficient in all types of explanatory In the gardens. In some patients, the toxicity of the medication is not known. Zoazi regular derivative values used in non-literary language (without Kip) pupil, lexical-semantic groups ‘bird’ means the meat of that bird kair is — food’ —,,a dish made of it“: chicken, goose), litera o k) - derivatives of adverbs common in the turkish language (chicken, goose). For to ka . rig cells were statistically insignificant. The dictionaries of the medium Mayan type i <3 are usually based on the general principles of tia word selection. For example, does not record these nouns bimbiras, cibuliokas, laišis, panelė, patisonas, DZ pepinas, Ey o į RKZ nejtraukt Ed such rarely used words: 3 nera, reprocaus, naruccon, manzocran, mapund. Ta oe The frequency of use of ne words is always the most important © criterion in selecting them į MAZ ir RKZ, because in these dictionaries there ir are quite rare var iv p tojams words, e.g. : Thum, wewesuya, macauna, kawran, KaGan4ok, a6puxroc Ar ir t. t. In such cases, the relevance of the į words and meanings jy should be taken into il account. Meanings that are obsolete in modern usage ir jų shadow iC 2 vias are not added to į the small type dictionary. For example, the word béralas lizde tais ‘unroasted rye bread’ is not recorded DZ. Iš in fact, with changing lifestyle, a conditions, such bread is no longer made. When reality itself disappears, there is no longer t 3: 5 * Yactorumii cioBaph pycekoro sanka.— M., hod 1977 aaa need to record 4 gh at ih i ie rs Lead i ST BR EE Va r Kai eR ee ly Trg 22 HA he Lr ach i 8 Gr ae A ml kelis Ga its linguistic ir expression. The relevance of the word, the frequency of ne use always determines the importance of the regular derivative. Russian 4 r in the language of the word medseds (frequency of use — 40) socket MAZ “bear coat” is presented only as a lost ne relevance and as a stylistically connoted member. (Bear fur in Russian household real sat rather iš rarely used, because to ir the meaning of this word is not common, but stylistically connoted.) Obsolete derivative values and hE ju shades are marked in the Lithuanian-Russiir an dictionaries with a note psn., ycrap. < For example, the words ir myckyc nenka in slots MAZ Gs ‘products iš of these materials’ are su marked ycrap. It is believed that thisra ij those notes are added because those words are rarely used. There are cases when the psn mark is used. can be used quite ne accurately, for example, in LKZ the & word grafas is presented with the su note psn. 0 DZ already ši certificate quite reasonably Ay not used because The word grafas in Lithuanian language is as néra ir obsolete, si, belongs to iš | the o category of historicisms. kr Lower lexical-semantic groups of words ‘territory’ — The result for “People in or coming from” is significantly lower than the (0,9%, 0,7 %) upper už (2,495, 2,995), because they were studying words that have lost their relevance ve į in today's language (e. g. seniūnija). For the lexical-semantic group of words a r ‘institution’ — "its building, premises" — “people working in it” characterizes the tribel member structure. But all the ne words studied have three components. si r, (Apparently due to to ir the lower calculation result is significantly lower than the už ša g haircut.) The regular derivative meanings of some words are widely used in literary language. For example, the noun hall nizde has the meaning shade "public gathered in such a room, it) spectators, listeners". Iš true fiction such statements canfh na a lot; for example, the Hall was still slamming, but not so loud P ea 1976 12. The hall as a room specificity to be picked — People, paia, poorly performing certain functions, therefore, in preparing the new DZre daction, it 07 is recommended to include the tą regular derivative value ir į Ža . eye type dictionary. i iš A particularly rich lexical-semantic group of words "building, room" — Zmonés likes Ba the shortest possible phrase, which is so common in colloquial language, e.g., how long did it take me to tear? Po pa He Nustebimg changes comments. Palata atwt oh gyja.— "Take him out," the doctor said to the paramedic. The room was quiet. Death is really a hard to understand Mač LN 113; Differentiate the audience, know its needs s and iSprusimg, without doubt, necessary be LM 1979 4; What opportunitioh į es does the artist have to get to know the audience, preparing for the trip? LM 1979 4; ED Audience opinions are gathered at viewers’ ir listeners’ conferences 8 LM 1978 32. In the practice of lexicography, the stylistic characteristics of the whole word and its meaning are jo particularly i important. Based on the proposition about three layers of the formation of multi-meaning verbs (upper, middle and ir i 15 Order it. No. 1007 Aikos ati nd ii SR gr XH 295 i“ bE TUR Rae TR 0 Aaaa they SEE | = lower layer)", regular polysemy shows the semantic structure of the word to be rounded in the direction of the lower layer, so most of the regular derivatives —values and their shades are stylistically neutral. Derivative meanings, #2 formed by metonymy, usually simply reflect reality and perp —keltinés they are in their origin. In addition, the metonymically formed plural meanings of the meaningful word denote such phenomena of reality, for which the subjective evaluation of the speaker has not disappeared, and therefore these meanings are usually stylistically neutral. ER Despite the general tendency to stylistic neutrality, some lekA siniy-semantiniy groups of regular derivatives of Lithuanian and Russian 5 —nouns have a certain stylistic connotation, which is determined by the (i) the main characteristics of the nominal meaning. For lexicographers it is particularly important that the stylistic marking of words in explanatory dictionaries corresponds to = the real situation in the entire language system *. Stylistically connoted are the nouns of the Russian language of derived meaning, which form the lexical-semantic group 4 Rear “musical instrument”—, “The person playing that — instrument” (e.g., Daedra, ckpunka, ¢acor, xaapuer). Especially productive derived Soe meanings are formed in colloquial professional language. The lower statistical HA of the lexical-semantic word group,animal‘—, that animal’s fur“ rezulRY of LKZ and DZ is significantly smaller than the upper one. One of the reasons would be the extensive suffixes A -ena the use of vedic words in literary language to describe the fur of animals — (deer, sheep, lapen, wolf). Regular derivative meanings are typical for words audinė, nutrija, which ii do not have conjugations. ša In non-literary language, Lithuanian nouns are used for the meaning of animal fur: fox, ir dog, etc. — ir Fist It is very important to take į into account the stylistic connotation in selecting words and jy el meaning aiScanning į dictionaries. Lexical-semantic groups of words ų „part of the human body“—, ja covering clothing“ noun kinka paSSR is poorly used only in colloquial language, because to DZ captures only the most — common jo value ‘foot; calf; thigh; road direction’. Iš Part concerning el to ir the lower statistical score of this group is slightly DZ lower (3,2%) $3 negu LKZ (3,8%). ae The presentation of regular derivative values depends on a r the type of dictionary. In the practice of lexicography, there are three types of explanatory dictionaries: 4 The upper layer of figurative meanings encompasses the deposits of individual poetic language. is Į this layer is taken into account in the dictionary of the writer's language, in which The RAY mo element is one of the most important. In the low layer of the transferred values this element is 4 usually absent, so the resulting values are ir a ja g object of vocabulary of both general literary and literary language. — Jlennbesm JI. — KIlepenocnoe 3naueKne» wim "06pa3uoe ynorpeGieKne cio"? — B xu. : Jlekcukorpadus u ~ Jekcikonorus. M., 1972, c. 58—59. = * Some Russian linguists pay particular attention to problems of this nature. It is attempted į to achieve stylistic unification not only within one ne dictionary, but in different types of dictionary. ir — Zr: Ck asipenckas I. H. 3amarkn o The Red k“ pa Corps. B Who: "Cospemerni CTh H cA0Bapn. JI, 1978, c. 101—111. this CE Tai Ti Atia BS Kana large (LKZ, DAZ), medium (MAZ) ir maZasis (DZ, RKZ), which differ EN ne only in its scope, but in its purposes, ir on which depends only the selection ne of the vocabulary, the a structure of the word nests and the whole description of jų meanings + 8 Due to its extensive scope, the large explanatory dictionary type can cover and present the entire lexical-semantic system of the language in the most detailed regular derived meanings. ir oh LKZ (thesaurus) has much greater possibilities Foie than to describe DZ words that are characterized by regular polysemy, it It ba I say that this dictionary contains vocabulary of origin, usage, norm and =~ ta | other aspects. LKZ differs from other major types of explanatory dictionaries a (e.g., lenky, rusy) in that the main source is the jo Lithuanian translation of the ia k the living — language of the people. The abundant, diverse dialectal memoThe description of the material has a great value for revealing the development of the formation of the literary 2 language norm. in Kalbininkes L. In Kovtun’s words, “The analysis of word meaning in colloquial language reveals precisely such sources and reasons for fluctuation of language norm, aging and renewal, which could not be explained even a. by scrupulous ir study of word connections that form meaning only in literary language texts.” tą 7. The dialectal vocabulary of LKZ is particularly important a ne only in terms of the development of the language norm, but also for semantic ir analysis of the structure of the AL polysemantic word. After all, iš such dictionaries as LKZ, can ir show how i great the possibilities of development of semantic word structure lie within the ią limits of the už literary language norm. This is confirmed ir by some lec- (sta abundance of regular derivative meanings of nouns of sin-semantic groups LKZ. t 4 Zodziy and the ju principles of selection of meanings, on the basis of which DZ, limits the possibilities of providing as many derived noun meanings as possible. 1 One of the most DZ important tasks is the standardization of the lexicon. For some to regular derivative values, shades and uses, e.g.: jų linen a a "Linen cloth", honey ‘an intoxicating for beverage made from honey; midus", midnight ‘meal eaten at that time of day’; acid ‘the stem, ai the grain of that weed’ shall not be DZ recorded. Majority LCZ investigated Fortj 0 characterized by regular derivative values (e. g. : mature, r stingray, shark, coots, reptiles ir t. t.), į DZ not added at all. foot The most extensive definitions of regular polymorphic nouns in rusy are presented a in DAZ ir MAZ. This is shown by the statistical results ir of the lower lexical-semantic 3 groups. For example, most lexical-semantic > Er Group 1 ‘plant’ — the words ‘the fruit of that plant’: M0peAb, Mupuka, nuraxaa, si 3 yurpok, manzoctan ir etc. are not recorded in the small type dictionary. 2 š 6 Esrenspesa A. II. 1998-1999 Onpenejehus B TOJIKOBbIX caosapax.— B xu: [NpoGaema toaa KOBaHHA CAOB B (HACNOTHYECKHX CIOBApsIX (Marepuaan cosemanns 31 0KT.— 3 Hosi6., x 1961 r.). Pure, 1963, c. 8. ys 1 Kos'ryn She. C. Cnennėduxa XapakTepHeTHKR SHAYEHHS CJOBA B CAOBAPAX Password Toe ; Tuna.— ki: B Teaucu JOKA3/0B Ha COBEULANHH, NOCBSIEHHOM HTOram paboTH Han 'Cno4 BapeM COBPEMEHHOrO PYCCKOrO JHTEPATyPOr saika» (1948—1965) un nepcnexTusam paią 3 GOTH HAJ CAPACITATION COBPEMEHHOrO PYyCCKoro IHTEPATYPHOTO SA3BIKA. JI, 1966, c. 12. => SEER PL NBER i Užtirna Fi IA Es one as Hr rd Taira Pe Ana A Me Sari or Cire kia Both linguistic and extralinguistic factors determining the notation of the regular derivative meanings of daikta —vardZiy in the explanatory dictionaries of Lithuanian and Russian languages are quite closely related to each other, and it is difficult for July to determine which of them is the most important in the study of lexical Elė ra. semantic word grapes: CY: San HC IER ERR HRN LR SE dans JE sa fe Ee TR Rr ere wr RENE ie AG ah at al TER šis CCl ov A SR © 3. Principles of the description of polysemantic words | ro Rl to a When compiling a dictionary of any language aiSkinamajj, two tendencies are observed: one of them — the search for uniform ways of describing the semantics of some homogeneous polysemantic words forming the typology of regular poly Eh A semy *, the other — the attempt to find individual, peculiar criteria for the description of polysemantic words that would correspond as closely as possible not only to the word language but also to the specificity of the type of explanatory dictionary. hs When presenting the regular meanings of polymorphic words, usually all types of dictionaries are oriented to a certain semantic model. The S ALA trend is particularly evident in large and medium-- sized aiScrambled Zo sia dynes. However, it is not maintained equally in every dictionary. We have seen | 3 that in the dictionary sometimes only one part of the lexical-semantic group is recorded. For example, in the ¢unuk of the lexical-semantic group of words,plantalas“- —,to au le galo vaisius“ the words esoaduxa in the slots MAZ and RKZ are fixed: is ak tik „fruit of that plant“. In the RKZ word xoxoc nest only "the fruit of that plant" is mentioned, and in other examples of this group (weaxosuya, woxnxe8senbhur) sta "only the plant". of In language, the names of certain types of art are usually formed on the basis of individual DS artworks (or vice versa), increasing their social importance, ATE value. In this way, the lexical-semantic group "art riieta §is"== a separate work of that kind of art or their totality" is formed in language. A sweater-- If you want to use a word slot in dictionaries, it is very important to include "the basic concepts of the existence of objects or phenomena of reality described by that word"?. Examples show that the words poster, stained glass, mosaic, keru ramika are also used to describe art, painting genres: Thus was born a new ps dailés Zanras —art poster (LM 1979 48); Monumental —types of painting—- stained glass, mosaic, wall painting ns were almost not developed (LDI 125); Ceramics, like other ir branches of folk art, have eA characteristic ethnographic features (LDI 92). Both of these meanings are typical of other words of the same lexical-semantic group, e.g.: gramsi fika, landscaping, sculpture, painting, etc. Special attention lexicographers tuMaska *BaGnurkene 3. H. Tunst peryaspuoft nôcemun y umes CYIECTBHTEAbHBX B lb PYCCKOM H JIHTOBCKOM fA3bKax.- —B ku. Iluaxponna H THNOJIOTHA A3bIKOB: JinurBucTu4eckue zeleni HceJejoBanua, M., 1980, c. 22—33. it rh "Copokoneror O. II. CMuCAOBAA XapaKTepHCTHKA TePMHHOB B TO/IKOBHIX CJ0Bahat pax.— Jlekcuxorpaduueckuft c6opuux, pum. 1962, 5, c. 126. Eo Cheese r- should be allocated to such newly appeared meanings to adapt them to ir the presentation of other iv types of to words in Lithuanian Russian dictionaries:'*. ir 5 The formation of regular derivative meanings and their marking in explanatory dictionaries in Mg polysemantic word nests is partly determined by socioiš ir Aes line object, material purpose and importance. Lexical-semantic groups D | “volume, capacity”—“the quantity of material contained therein” is usually used to describe the room in which grain was dried. į Shiu The object marked with the word Tim has a narrow special purpose. For the to word raja, in its basic be meaning, is still used ir ‘for the quantity of cereals that fits in such a sheaf’ shall mean: We've got three races out Whoa. Iš objects of the same kind in a certain room may be given the name of that room, but if different objects are kept in the room, Pe it is usually impossible to name them by the name of that room rą (plg. : cellar 1. ir 2. values LKZ). ig Although twice as ir smallLower lexical-semantic group of words “volume, capacity”—“the quantity of material contained in it” statistical result upper, “the ti už quantity of material contained in various containers”, fairly widely recorded LKZ, e.g. tub, bucket, boiler, bucket, drinker, etc. ir mara Well, some o words, which denote the object itself, only in dialects tą have different grammatical morphological characteristics, e.g.: krepšys, i] mą krepšė, krežis, krežulys, pintė, pintinė, etc. ir ir Zodyne does not have in its nests gh the meaning of ‘the quantity contained therein’. for Compilation of the nest of the polysemantic iš word etc., marking of derivative meanings and 5 shades depends on the available illustrative material. jų eal: Most of the semantically common words, such as the above-mentioned HEA 4 tavardZiai, which are very many in the household vocabulary, although they have ir the possibility a a to describe the amount that fits in such vessels, but because of the lack of illustration mesana: dictionary not included. į pr The social significance ar of the object of the object is especially evident in the study of the leksing-semanting group of Russian nouns ‘fish’ means a dish prepared T from it; konservi’. The words wnpor, kpa6, capduna, KuAbKa in semantic nests r iH Second value specified jų by DAZ ‘canned fish’, other names of o paols plitusiy fish | 7pecka, Tyrey, craspuda, ckymbpus no lexicographicir t. t. al means of An "conservation" are not recorded. The unequal position in the dictionaries is apparently el due to the actual objective reality. Juk wnpor, r 0 wnporer most ir widely known as canned product, o Tpecka, craepuda al ir kt fish as foodstuffs are usually sold in a wide variety of forms. Well, o some fish (10cocks, chemicair ls etc.) are quite rare, even start extinct, due to to MAZ does ir not record ‘canned of those fish’. 2 The notation of the regular derivative meanings of polysemantic words in kinetic dictionaries depends on the origin and social nature ir of the descriptive words. When studying the Lithuanian language lexicon, it was noted that the š i BS as Cy 10 Ceprees B. H. Cemantiueckn GAu3KHe TePMHHN H300pasHTEALHOrO HCKYCCTBA Sa B COBpPEMEHHHIX TOAKOBHX CJAOBAPAX pycekoro ssuka.—B KH. D Cospementas pycckas nekr f cukorpadus.—JI, 1975, c, 137—144. i i he a SE ad semantic word balžienas lizd nės Cl NY a Ree RA Is alis es Zon liary meanings are more typical of those words that are widely used in Lithuanian dialects Ai (plg. LKŽ words ir nailonas, kaučiukas, which are of terminological nature in Lithuanian language j ks This bad guy or 2 = The breadth of the semantic scope of polysemantic words and the importance of the realities marked with them raise new questions in the practice of lexicography. Ir iš in reality it is Ti much easier to describe words of narrower semantic scope in the normative dictionary. Semantic — word class in socket does not locate DZ ‘gru iy = of students" "a room where a group of students study", because this že is meaningful word has a rather complex semantic structure. Many simpler IA defenses, of narrower semantic scope, are of this type (because used for a certain we, room to describe ir its contents) ZodZiai house, salé, salon, ir etc. Cia 7 The question arises of — the breadth of the word, it defines the importance of realities and the limits of the vocabulary. There is a contradiction between — the complex semantic structure ją and the real possibilities of the vocabulary to adequately describe it. — Uniform presentation of the regular meanings of polynomial nouns i 2 peony is not possible not only in all three types of aiSkanuojamieji dictionaries, but also in rai and in each of them separately. The reason is the liberality of the semantic phenomena themselves. Semantics consists of commonality and individuality. And to all t: Ste tyri be taken into account in the glossary. On the lexical and syntactic gazhiiunghim of words in the eye of the language neologisms Zouyny, editor N. Kote ~~ bed states: "if words have similar semantic derivation, similar Hy denotatus and the same grammatical meaning and belong to one semantic bt > group, then these characteristics must be the basis of unified lexicographical description pa Betl ka, but it is not possible to ignore and individual semantic words ski tumy. =r Different descriptions of similar words are ne always treated ka ~ lexicographic inconsistency" ". After all, in the work of lexicography, creative selection of not only individual words, but also their meanings is of particular importance. Pavy i rie x jiui, meaning "a textbook outlining the basics of science" can be jgy — any name of science. The only exceptions may be those sciences where Fag denotes broad, abstract concepts (for example, mathematics, which covers even several fields of science). In such cases, attention should also be paid to the ku = tarinj-istorinj aspect (level of knowledge, general education system, teaching courses and textbooks). Perhaps the editors of the LKZ and DAZ dictionaries, which most broadly cover the lexicon of both non-literary and literary language, are not all k Ra right, not drawing the textbook meaning into the words biology, psychology 5: iy ¢usuonoeusn, ncuxuarpus, xupypeus ir etc. nests. ~~ Presentation of Regular Derivative Meanings in the Lithuanian and Russian dictionaries The presentation of regular derivative meanings in the Lithuanian and Russian dictionaries has a number of common features, which are manifested in the T factors determining the notation of such meanings in the various types of interpretation in these dictionaries, as well as in the principles LR i of the description of polysemantic words. In addition to both languages, there are types of polysemy and lexical-semantic groups in both languages. = i 11 Ratio H. 3. 3uauenne cjosa ero coyeraemoctb.—JI, 1975, c. 156. Tea k Aa RE A% When studying polymorphic nouns of Lithuanian and ir Russian languages, peculiarities of the lexical-semantic system of both languages were noted. The lexical-semantic group va ‘animal’ —,,the fur of that animal“ is more typical of Russian nouns, „volume, capacity“—,,its content“, „time of o day“ — „valgis, vay valgomas tuo metu“ — for Lithuanian language. The realization of regular derived meanings in both languages differs At only in the productivity of some lexical-semantic ne group of words, but in the means of expression of derived meanings ar ir („animal fur“ in Lithuanian language is conveyed by adjectives Fa su -ena, rusy in words — characterized by reTania horizontal derivative values; to describe „food product soup“ iso in Lithuanian language quite often used — derivatives of adjectives, e.g.: bulviené, kopistiené, burokiené; lexical-semantic groups ‘art form, genre’ means: + “a separate work or whole of that kind of art, genre” The meaning of genre in Lithuanian is jų described by singular nouns, the meaning of the work o E mė conveyed by nouns of both numbers, in Russian ir ‘Genre’, ir m “the whole of works” means singular nouns ir t. t.). Č r In this comparative aspect, based on logical, linguistic criteria, due to the ne o ir Isoda to cannot claim that the dictionaries of one language are more accurate and fromNoah further gives regular derivative values. The regular derivative Še meanings of some lexical-semantic groups are presented in more detail in the Russian fs + bos saras in the practice of lexicography of — other Lithuanian languages. ai ; AE gg here p Nino i Hy A i ras rd "a . Conclusix ons ody The notation of the regular derivative values of polynomial nouns in word nests depends on the type of glossary. Bat most such value shades ir jų are presented LKZ, DAZ SR 2, The uneven fixation of the homogeneous meanings and shades of the lexical-semantic group in lexicographic practice depends on: the productivity of the lexical-semantic group of words; from the degree of relevance of the word and its a) meanings, the frequency of use, as well as from the stylistic connotation; from b) the principles of polysemantic word description, which jo are oriented only to certain semantic patterns, but ir c) ne į ir į the visual characteristic of the word's meaning; from the social č) purpose, value and practical importance of the phenomena described by the word; -d) from the lack of ar illustrative material in the dictionary record, which would confirm the presence of the regular derived meaning in the language, etc. ir 3. To mark more accurately and consistently in explanatory dictionaries the regular derivative meanings of polynomial nouns, dictionary editing might help (where possible) alphabeticane lly, systematico ally, in t. y. thematic groups. 1 he a ų | Kia Siena SES ER "aa e SRG SSR St i May Miao < Sa needle