Аббревиатуры в научной терминологии

MOKSLO KALBOS KULTŪROS IR TERMINOLOGIJOS PROBLEMOS LIETUVIŲ KALBOTYROS KLAUSIMAI, XXIV(1985) JIAPHCA ®POJIOBHA KAXOBCKAS ABBPEBHATYPbI B HAYYHOM TEPMHHOJIOTHH IlponykruBHocTb a66peBuarypHoro cnoco6a CJIOBO06pa30BaHHS H AKTHB- HOE HCIOJIb30BaHHe COKpallĮeHHbIX eJIHHHH BO BCex cdepax OOmecTBeHHof NESTEJIDHOCTH SBJISIOTCH HEOCTIOPHMBIM (DAKTOM B COBPEMEHHBIX S3bIKAx. AG- GpeBHuaTypki, GyjltyuH BeCbMa SKOHOMHBIMH B NJIaHe BbIpa>xxeHHs, o6JsafamoT BbICOKOH 4ACTOTHOCTbIO B TEKCTAX pa3JIHUHOTrO xapakTepa, 4To HepeJIKO Be- A€T K NepeHaCbhiIlIleHHIO TeKCTa COKpaliĮeHHbIMH CJIOBAMH H BbI3bIBA6T 32KOH- Hbl€ BO3paxKeHHS S3bIKOBeJIOB. OJHAKO NPaBOMEPHBIMH MOTYT CYHTATHCS JIHIIb BO3paxXeHHA NO HCNOJIb30BaHHIO ab6peBHATYp, HO He TO CYIIECTBY crnoco6a a66peBHALHH. HoBbie cJ10Ba, co3jtaHHbIie a66peBHATYPHEIM CIIOCOGOM, ye JIOBOJIbHO JIJIH- TEJbHOE BpeMsl NONOJIHSAIOT OOGILIECTBEHHO-NOJHTHYECKYIO JIEKCHKY MHOTHX AI3BIKOB. HMeHHo 3TOT pa3psj CJIOB H MOABEPraeTcs HCCIEIOBAHUIO npexe BCEro IpH HCIIOJIb30BaHHH B KauecTBe MCTOYHHKA (haKTHUECKOro MaTepHaJa H3/laHAH TepHOHYecKOoi meyaTH. B ocHOBHOM Ha 6Ga3e OGINECTBEHHO-IOJIH- THUeCKORH JIEKCHKH BbINOJIHEH PS HHTEPECHBIX HCCJIeIOBAHHH, B KOTOPBIX a06peBHallHsi He TOJIbKO YYHTHIBAETCS Kak OJIHH H3 ()aKTOPOB pa3BHTHS A3bi- Ka, HO MoJBepraioTcs AeTaJbHOMY H3YUYEHHIO CaMH COKpameHus. B pa6orax JĮ. WU. Anekceesa, B. B. Bopucosa, H. B. T'aua, B. A. Unkosuua, P. H. Mo- rHJIieBekoro, JI. K. TlaBiosckoit Ho JipyrHx a66peBHaTyphi paccMaTpPHBAIOTCA KaK B CHHXDpOHHUeCKOM, Tak H B JHAXPOHHYECKOM INJIAHe, KaK B CHCTeMe OJl- HOTO A3BbIKa, TaK H B CONOCTABJIEHHH MATepHAJIA HECKOJbKHX SI3bIKOB, H3yua- eTcsi HCTOpHA a66peBHaTyp, MECTO H DpOJIb HX B Cpejle APYTHX CJIOBADHEIX eJIMHHI, HX CTpyKTYpa H 3aBHCHMOCTb OT IIDpOH3BOJISIIINETO KOMILIEKCa. XapakTepHOii 0c06eHHOCTbIO COBPEMEHHOiI aG66peBHALHH SBJISeTCS BCe 60- Jiee IKHpoKOe NpHMeHeHHe 3TOro crnocoba JepHBaluu Ajsi OOpa30BaHHS Tep- MHHOB pa3JIHYHBIX OTpacjied HayKH, TeXHHKH H NPOH3BOJACTBA. B oraenax HayuHO-TeXHHUeCKOH HHDOpMAIIHH, B pelaKIIHOHHON NPaKTHKEe BOLLIH B OOH- XOJĮ CIIHCKH COKpalIEeHHH Dpa3JiHuHOKH CTPYKTYpPhl, B KOTODpbIX pacCiuHOpOBEI- BaeTcsi 3HaueHHe a6G6peBHaTyp. Buammo, CymecTByeT HacylHas HeOOXOJIH- MOCTb He TOJIbKO B CO3/ĮaHHH CJIOBapeH COKPAIeHHI ONpe/leJIEHHbIX S3BIKOB, HO H B COCTABJIEHHH CMENHAJH3HPOBAHHBIX TEDMHHOJIOTHUEeCKHX CJIOBApeR H CIIpaBOUHHKOB COKpAaIleHHBIX CJIOB. Hayuenne a66peBHATYpP-TEPMHHOB MOXET ĮĮaTb HEeKOTODEIe ĮIONOJIHHTEJIb- HbIe CBeJ/IEHHS O CBOHCTBAX COKDpAINIIlEeHHEIX CJIOB H B acCleKTe HX OG6pa30BAHHS, H IIO HCIIOJIb30BAaHHPO HX B HayuHOH JiKTepaType. 79 HurencHBHOMy npHMeHeHHIO aOOpeBHAlHHH MPH CO3/JLAHHH CJIOB-TEpMHHOB CIIOCOOCTBYIOT, BO-IIEDBEIX, HEKOTODpbIe HHTDAJIHHTBHCTHUECKHE (dakTopbi: TeH- JICHIIHSI K 9KOHOMHH $I3BIKOBBIX CDpeJICTB, aCHMMETPHSI BO BpeMeHH 3BYyUAaHHSA H BOCIPHATHS 3HAUCHHS, HepaBHOMepHOCTb pacnpejleJieHHS HHOOpMAIIHH B npejieJiaX OTpe3KOB peuH, HHOOpMAIHOHHAS H3ObITOUHOCTb S13bIKOBEIX C000- IeHHH H T. Jį. AKTHBHOE HCNOJIb30BaHHe a06peBHaTyp OGDBSICHSETCS, BO-BTOPBIX, HX OT- JHYHTEJIbHBIMH CBOHCTBAMH: a) OJAHY H Ty Ke HH(MOPMAUHIO COKpallleHHe CMOCOOHO TiepefaBaTh NOCPEACTBOM MEHBIIEro KOJHYECTBA 3HAKOB, YeM CO- OTHOCHTEJIbHOE CJIOBOCOYeTaHHe; G) JieKceMbl, Ha OCHOBE KOTOPBHIX CO3/aHbl 3JIeMeHTH a60peBHATyp, CyLIECTBYIOT B siI3bIKE CAMOCTOSITTEJIbHO; HabJioja- €TCsI COOTHECEHHE YCEYEHHBIX KOMIIOHEHTOB C OMNpe/eJEeHHLIMH CJIOBAMH B MOMEHT JIepHBAllHH, OJAHAKC NapaJijieJibHasi COOTHECEHHOCTb H BCEro COKpa- IIeHHsI H HCXOAHOTO CJIOBOCOYETAHHS C JEHOTATOM B NepPHOJ (YHKIHOHHPO- BaHHs; B) a66peBHaTYypbi H COOTHOCHTE/bHbIE CHHTATMbI HEPEIKO HCIOJIb3Y- IOTCSl TMapaJijieJIbHO B TeUeHHe BCEro BPEMEHH CYIeCTBOBAHHS COKpalleHHS, 4TO 3HAUHTEJIbHO pacliHpsieT chepy CHHOHHMHH. Ha6iuojneHHus nokaseBaloT, uTO a66peBHaTypkbi, KAaK MPaBHJIO, CIOCOGHBI CHHOHHMHYECKH HCIIOJIb30BATbCS B PEYH C HCXOJIHbIM (HJIH COOTHOCHTEJIbHbIM) CJIOBOCOYETAaHHEM, C OmpeJesieHHO# (DOopMOH omopHoro CJIOBAa (CJIOB) H, Ha- KOHEIl, C JIEKCeMOH, NPOH3BOAHOH OT ONOPHOTO HJH OCHOBHOTO CMBICJIOHECY- mero cJIOBAa, Hanp.: A)K— apounas wecrkas kpens — apounasn kpens; A3C — asrosanpaso4unan cranyus — sanpasxka; PJĮT — parernotii dsuearers Teep- doco Tonausa— parernblū Osuzareas; CBY — camoxodnas 6yposas ycra- Ho8Ka — camoxo0xka. IlpuMeneHHe 3/1EMEHTAPHBIX IIDHEMOB TCHXOJHHIBHCTH- YeCKOFO aHaJIH3a CBHIETEJbCTBYET, UTO B O6JACTH OOIIECTBEHHO-OJHTHYE- CKOH TepMHHOJIOTHH, Hamp., oT 60 10 80% wuHGDOPMAHTOB NpH YTEHHH TEKCTA C COKpallleHHBIMH CJIOBAMH MNPOYHTHIBAIOT H OCO3HAIOT a60peBHaTypy Kak camocTosITe/ibHOe cJIOBO, OT 4 10 30% — Ha MecTe COKpalleHHsI HCNOJb3Y- fOT OTIOPHOE CJIOBO HJIH IPOH3BOJHOE OT Hero H OT 4 10 179, y4acTHHKOB 3KC- nepHMeHTa UuHTAIOT Ha MecTe a60peBHATyphl HCXOJHOe TOJIHOE CJOBOCOYE- TanHe. PacnpejieJienHe CHHOHHMHYECKHX [ap 3aBHCHT OT MHOTHX YCJIOBHH, B TOM YHCJE H OT cepsl HCNOAb30BaHUA. Tak, B pasroBOPHOi peuH npeod- Jajaer ynoTpeOJIeHHe B KauecTBe CHHOHMMOB COKPall€HHOTO CJIOBA H ce- MaHTHYECKOTO KOHJeHcaTa THNa camoxodka, 3anpaska; B chepe pHKCALHH (cmeumasibHast HayuHas JUTEpPATypa, nepHOjiHuuecKas NneuaTb) ab6peBHATY PHI, Kak IPaBHJIO, HCIOJB3YIOTCS MapaJijieibHO C HCXOJHBIM IIOJIHbIM CJIOBOCOUe- tauueM. Henojib30BaHHIO a66peBHATYPHBIX CJIOB B HAYYHOH TepMHHOJIOTHH, IIOHHMAHHIO HX GOOJIbINHM UKHCJIOM HOCHTeJIEKH si3blKa B 3HAUHTEJIbHOK cTemne- HH CIOCOGCTBYET VIIOTDpEGHTEJIbHOCTb (Cpe/IHS51 INIOBTOps1eMOCTh) COKpalie- unit, cp.: ACY, KII JĮ (un knd), JIBII, no AIIB (aBTOMaTHYECKOE NMOBTOPHOE BKalouenue), HCO (unepuuanpHas cucrema orcuera), TMK (reopus Macco- BOH KOMMYHHKAIHH) H AP. 80 B pa3JIHUKHbIX OOJIACTSIX si3bIKa HayKH BCTPEYANOTCs COKpallleHHBIe CJIOBA BCEX HM3BECTHBIX THIIOB, HaNp.: HHHIHAJbHbLIE aG0peBHATYpPH GYKBEHHOTO H 3ByKoBoro mnoarunoB— AMC, APH, OCT (rexn.); HC, TA, ®F (uHrB.); CJIOTOBBIC COKDAIUCHHS BUHUNAACT, AQ6CAH, NAPCeK; cMenIaHHbICė — MOACKE (MoJIekyJiapHoe curo), ITPOCAB (npoTBOCaMosieTHAst aBHAUHOHHA GOM- 6a), paduokun (pagmoKoMnapupoBauue u neJeHrauus) u ap. Jloas cmeman- HBIX a65peBHaTYp, B KOTOPHIX HHHIHAJbHBIE YACTH COEIHHSAIOTCS CO CJIOTO- BbIMH YyCEYEHHSIMH, HeBeJIHKA B OOINeH macce TEePMHHOB-cOKpaleHui. Ka- KOH-JIHGO 3aKOHOMEPHOCTH B HX HCHOJb30BAHHH He YCTaHOBJIEHO. OcoGkifi HHTepec BBI3LIBAIOT TEPMHHBI, MpeACTaBJsIONIHE C060 COKpate- HHE ONpeJIeIeHHOH YaCTH HCXOAHOrO CJOBOCOYETAHHS IPH MOJHOM .OCHOBHOM cuoBe. IIpuMepsl TaKHX CJIOB, HA3BIBAEMBIX YaCTHYHO COKPALIEHHBLIMH, He- TIOJIHBIMH, NEPEXOAHBIMH H T. JĮ., IIHDOKO H3BECTHH B SI3BIKe (I'2asaec, T'oc- Tenepaduo, eu6ponomoA u np.). 513biky HaykH cBoficTBeHHO OCOGOe OOpMAaJIb- HOE BLIpaJKCHHE OTMe4eHHOTro THNa a66peBHaTYDp, Hamp.: BY-cuenarer, HC- anaaus, H Y-cuenanol, YBY-repanus. CBoeo6pasue 3akmouaercs B TOM, 4TO TaKHe COKPAlleHHs OOBIYHO HMEIOT JedHCHOe HAMHCAHHE C HAUAJILHOŽ HHH- IIHaJbHOH UACTBbIO H CHOCOGHE TPaHCHOPMHPOBATLCS B CJIOBOCOUETAHHA pa3- Joro COCTaBa, Cp.: 651COKO4acTOTHBIe CueKaAbi, AHAAUS NO KenocpedCcTBeH- HO COCTABAAIOWUM, Tepanua C UCNOAb30BAHUEM YnbTpasbicokKOi 4acTOTHL TepmsuHojiornueckHe coxpamenus tuna AT-0suzarens, YBY-repanus caeny- €T paccMaTpHBATb B KauecTBe CJOKHBIX CJIOB HJIH BTOPHUHEIX a66peBuartyp- HbIX OOpasoBanuii. IToBTOpPHOE npHMeHeHHe crnoco6a e60pesnanun (Hamp.: 1) yabrpaBhicokast wactrora—s-YBY — 2) TepanHA C HCMNOJb30BaHHEM YBU—-¥YBY-repanus) npuBOAHT K NOSBJICHHIO B HayYHOH TEPMHHOJIOTHH COKpallleHHH C aTpHOYTHBHOH UACTLIO, YTO MOIKET GBITH KBaJHGHIHPOBa- HO Kak BO3HHKHOBeHHe aOGpeBHAaTYyp-npHJIaraTeJIbHbIX!. Ilejreco06pa3Hee, OJLHAKO, CYHTATh, YTO aTPHOYTHBHLIH KOMIIOHEHT OKa3bIBAETCS B COCTaBe HO- Boro CJIOBa B pe3yJ/ibTaTe CJIOXKeHHs HJIH a6OpeBHanHH. B HayuHoi#i TepMH- HOJIOTHH CHCTEMATHYECKH INpOCJIexXxHB2eTCA CO3JaHHe COKpamieHuii, o6paso- BAHHBIX IO MOJIEJIH C NOBTOPSIOIIAMHCST BEIUJIEHSEMbBIMH KOMIIOHEHTAMH, KOT- Ala K yCEYEHHIO OCHOBHOTO CMBICJIOHECYIEro CJIOBAa CHHTArMbl IPHCOEIHHS- IOTCS DJIEMEHTbI THIIA -AH, -eH, -uH, -o4 | T. II. Co3aloTCst psiibl aHAJOTHUHBIX oGpasoBaHuil, Hanp.: 6EH30A, BUKHAAOA, BUHON, KCUAOAX, natinex, nuoHsl, pe- 304, CUNOH, CUHTUH, 3TAHOA, 3TPOA6L Hi IP. B ONHHX H3 HHX BO3MOXKHO yCTa- HOBHTbL NPOHCXOXK/€HHE BBLIYJIEHSEMOr0 KOMIIOHEHTa, ero HCXOJHOEe IOJIHOE COOTBETCTBHE, Hanp.: ACTUACH, 3AaH, THe -an H3 AH — Akanemus nayk; pa- d0K — panuii K apro; cuaaa— ot gat. Silicium (kpemHuit) u aura. alloy (cniaB), B Apyrux a66peBHaTypax Takoif KOMIOHEHT HCNOJIb3YeTCH Kak ro- TOBBIH CJI0BOOGpa3oBaTe/bHbI aOĖOHKc NO aHAJOTHH, Cp.: 0edepon, KeilAORK, 'IMy6a II. II. AGGpeBmaTypu-npuiaraTeJbHEe B COBPEMEHHOM DYCCKOM S3bIKe.— B xu.: CiroBooGpasoBarié H HOMHHATHBHAS NEPHBALHS B CJABSHCKHX a3bIKax.— I'poao, 1982, u. 1, c. 157—159. 6 UZsak. Nr. 1007 81 nepAoK. YCTaHOBJIEHO, YTO INIOJIJOOHbIE HAHMEHOBAHHSA BEIlILeCTB H MATEpHAJIOB He TOJIbKO aKTHBHO HCIOJIb3YIOTCSI B S13bIKE HAYKH, HO JIOBOJIbHO TMOCJIE/[OBA- TEJIbHO NPHMEHSIOTCS TPH BbIXO/Ie 3a NpeJesibl ONpejieJIeHHOH TEpMHHOJIOTH- yeckoit o6sacTH. OHH HaXOAST OTpa)ieHHE B MNOJIHTEXHHYECKHX CJIOBapsX, re cHaGxaloTcsl TOMETOH «TOProBoe Ha3BaHHe>. Hecmopsi Ha NPOAYKTHBHOCTh COKpAIleHHH, CO3laHHBIX MO MOJIeJISIM «ab- OpeBHaTypa- NOJHOE CJOBO», «yCeUeHHe- YCTOHUHBBIH 3JEMEHT THITa -04», HauboJsiee IIHPOKO pacnpocTpaHeHHbIMH B CHNENHAJbHBIX HAayYHBIX TEKCTaX NPOJOJIKAIOT OCTaBaThCsl HHHIHAJbHBIE a00peBHATYypHl, 00mas Macca KOTO- pPHIX BCE YBeJHYHBaETCH. Ha6mnionaroTcs B f3blKe HayKH H APYyrHe HOBHIE TEHAEHIHH COBPEMEHHOH aG6peBHAIHH: OTCYTCTBHE TaK Ha3. HCXOAHBIX CJOBOCOYETAHHH H HCIIOJIb30O- BaHHE COOTHOCHTEJBHBIX CHHTArM nocJje INOSIBJIEHHS COKpallleHHs, HaMepeH- Hash OMOHHMHSI aOOpeBHATyp C€ ye H3BeCTHBIMH B s3blKe JIEKCEMaMH, Hanp.: 830p — B3BOJI ONTHYECKOH pasBelKH, BéicTpes — BhICIHIHE CTPEJKO- Bie Kypchl, CHPHYC —c6op wuH(pOpPMAIWH, perkcTrpanHH, H3MepeHHS, VIIpaBJIEHHSA, CHTHAJIK3AaLIHH (aBTOMaTHYeCKasl CHCTeMa) H T. II. CBoeo6pa3He a66peBuarTyp B HayYHOH TEPMHHOJIOTHH ONpe/lejIeTCS He TOJIbKO HX CTPYKTYPOH, CIrocOOOM CO3JaHHsl, TeMaTHYECKOH NpHHAJIJIEXHO- creio. CaM npouecc HCNOJIb30BaHH85i a66peBHaTyp H a66peBHalnHH B OOJIAaCTH TEeEDMHHOJIOTHH XapaKTepPH3yeTcsi HeKOTODLIMH CIenHOHYUecCcKHMH YepPTaMH. INapannenbHoe GyHKIHOHHPOBaHHE COKDpalLIeHHbIX H HECOKPAaIleHHBIX HOMH- HalluH CONMPOBOXKJAAaeTcsi BbIipaGOTKOH YCTOHUHBOIO COOTHECEHHS HX C ompe- JEJIEHHLIM (hakTOM JeficTBHTeNbHOCTH. HesaBucuMmo OT cnocob6a 06pa30Ba- HHS, KOJHYECTBA H BEJHUHHBI YCEUEHHBIX 3JIEeMEHTOB, OT (POPMaJbHO-CMbICIIO- BOTO COOTHECEHHA COKPALIEHHOTO CJOBa H HCXOJHOTO HaMMeHOBaHHsi 00a KOMIIOHEHTa CBOe0G6pa3HOH cJ0BOOOpa30BaTEJbHOH Mapbl MapaJjieJbHO CO- OTHOCSITCSI C OJHHM JeHoTaToM. [lJisi TepMHHAa-a66peBHaTypbi, KOTODpbIĖ OA- HAXKJLbI GBI COOTHECEH C ONpe/leJeHHBIM (aKTOM JeHCTBHUTENbHOCTH (HAmp.: Cura — JieTKpoBAaHHLIŪ uyryH ¢ 5—69% Kpemuus, [13¥Y — nocrosiHHOe 3ano- MHHaIoIIlee YCTPOHCTBO B 3J€KTPOHHBIX BBIUHCIHTENbHBIX MAINHHAX), He HYX- HO TOJKOBaHHe, HH TeM 6oJjiee MOKOMIOHEHTHAsl pacliH(POBKA MPH KaKIOM HOBOM ero HchnoJb3oBaHuu. ITapajsenbHoe ynorpebJieHHEe TepMHHOB-COKpa- INEHHĖ H CJOBOCOYETAHHH B CTHJIHCTHUECKHX LEJIAX MOXKET NPUBECTH K BbI- TEeCHEHHIO OJIHOTO H3 Ha3BAaHHĖ — CHHTATMEI HJIH a66peBuaTyphl, Hanp.: KB — KOpOTKHEĖ BOJIHE, K50O — KOMOGHHAT OLITOBOrO OOCHYyXKHBAHHS, COYUOAUHE: BUCTUKA — cOLHAJbHAS JHHTBHCTHKA, TMK — Teopus MaccoBOH KOMMYHH- Kalli. B TepMHHOJIOTHH CJIejįyeT OCOOO BHIAEJATh NOJHONPaBHbIE TePMHHBI-COKpa- INEHHS, UMeIollne CTaTyC JeKCeMbl, HaxXOAsdllHe OTPaxKeHHe B CJIOBADSX, Harnp.: JCK — JtoMocrponTeJibHbiū KOMOHHAT, 2a3ep — KBAaHTOBOMEXaHHYe- CKHH YVYCHJIHTEJIb CBETOBOro AHanasoHa (u3 aura. light amplification by sti- mulated emission of radiation, laser), [19C — npuauBHast 3JeKTPOCTAHIIUS, PTC — pemOHTHO-TeXHHYeCKass cTaHUHs H Ap. OTmeueHHble a66peBHaTypbi 82 06/1a/1al0T 0CTaTOYHO BBEICOKOH 4ACTOTHOCTLIO YNOTDeOJIEHHSA, BCJIEJICTBHE uero JIErko BOCIIpHHHMAIOTCS H IIHPOKO HCIOJIb3YIOTCS B TEKCTAX pa3JIHuKHO- ro xapakTepa H Ha3HaYeHHS. B nponecce HceJie/ji0BAHHS BHIABAAIOTCS TAaKXe COKPAIIEHHs, XapaKTED- HbIe JIHINb IIS OTEJIbHbIX TEKCTOB (HJIH T'PYNI TeKCTOB). Dra rpynna Tep- MHHOB MOXeT ObiTb YCJIOBHO Ha3BaHa TEKCTOBHIMH Aa66peBHarypaMH. Cokpamennbie cJIOBa NOJIOGHOTO Poa, KAK IIpaBHJIO, HE HCIIOJIb3YIOTCS B TEK- cre 6e3 pacmndpoBKH. Hx MeCTo B cHCTeMe S3bIKA MOXKHO ONpejleJIHTb Mex- Ay CNnenHaJIbHORH TEPMHHOJIOTHEH H YCJOBHBIMH COKpamenHsMH. IlpoMexy- TOUHOCTb TOJIOXKEHHSI NOJIKDENJISETCS TeM, UTO TEKCTOBble a66peBHaTypbi BpeMsl OT BpeMeHH NPHMBIKAIOT TO K OJHOH, TO K JAPYroi Tpyrine: OHH SB- JISAIOTCA HEeHCTONHMbIM HCTOUHHKOM COBpeMeHHOH JIeKCHYeCKOH a66peBua- HHH; O/IHAKO MHOTHE TeKCTOBbLIe a66peBHaTypbi AJNHTEJIbHOE BPEMs IIpoOJLOJI- XaIoOT OCTaBaThCs YCJIOBHLIMU COKDAINeHHAMH, Cp., Hanp.: MC (MmexmiaHer- Has crauuusi), HTH (uayuso-texHuueckasi uHdopmanusi), C3C, cananud- cranyus (CaHUTAaPHO-3MHAEMHOJIOTHYECKAsI CTaHIHs), HO APB (aBTOHOMHBII pedhpHxeparopHbih Baro"), BYC (BecnomMoraTeJibHbIiū y3eJi cBs3H), B33 (BepTHKaJbHOE 3JIEKTPHUECKOEe 30HIHPOBaHHe), 28. (rBapaus, rBapAeHCKHi), PE (bpaseosornyeckasi eIMHHIA). YCTOHYHBOCTb TEKCTOBBIX COKpalileHHI 00DbsICHACTCS pa3JIHUHbIMH IPHYH- HaMH: y3KOCIENHaJbHOI TIDHHAJIJIEXXHOCTbIO COKPAlleHHbIX eJHHHI, chepoi HCIOJIb30BaHHsA, 3aKPEeNJeHHOCThIO 3a NHCbMEHHOH (OPMOH $3BIKa, PaIHO- HaJbHBIMH crnioco6amu npHMeHenus H Ap. CymecrByerT OnpejieJieHHas CHCTe- Ma HCHOJIb30BaHHSI TEKCTOBHIX ab0peBHATyp: Kak NpPaBHJIO, B Hauajie Aa- eTCsl OMHCaTeJbHOe HaHMEHOBaHHE PSAZOM C COKPAaUleHHbBIM BapHAHTOM, 3a- KJIOUEHHBIM B CKOOKH. B nasbHelileM NpHMeHsieTCs TepMHH-a66peBHaTypa, a MOJIHOe Ha3BAHHe NPUBJIEKAETCS JHIIb B CHJIY CTHJIHCTHYECKOH HEOGXOIH- MOCTH, Hamp.: «KOHCTpyHpOBaHue paker-nocureaei (PH), nparatenei, Gop- TOBbIX CHCTEM VNpaBJIEHHSI> H JaJee: «...3anyckalorcs PH tuna «Kocmoc»?; «Bnicrynas B BHAe c6epxgpazosoeo eduncréa (CE)>* nu «...noJI0xeHHe 3THX CTPYKTYp npH OpHeHTanHH CE>»* H T. II. TekrcroBtIie TepMHHBI-a06peBHATY PEI HeJIb35; Ha3BATb YHCTO rpaHUeCKHMH COKpallleHHSIMH, TAK KaK B TEKCTaX OHH NPOYUTHIBAIOTCS COKPALIEHHBIM Ba- PHAHTOM, HCNOJIB3YIOTCS B NMPEAJIOKEHHH B COOTBETCTBHH C KaTeropHaJibHbI- MH NpH3HAKAMH HMEHH CYLIECTBHTEJIBHOrO, B MOJAABJSIONIEH Macce CHOcob- Hbl K JIEKCHKAJIH3AILIHH H XapaKTepHBI Js JI000H 00J1aCTH HayYHOH TepMH- HOJIOTHH. Henojib30BaHHne B TeueHHe HeKOTOporo BPeMEHH TepMHHa-COKDAINEHHS H HCXO/JIHOH HOMHHAIHH NIADpaJIJIeJIbHO H NPOYHOE 3aKDpenJIeHHe B 3TO BpeMs a66peBHuarypHoro Ha3BAHHS 3a ONpejleJIeHHbIM JE€HOTATOM — 3A2KOHOMeDHĖbIH ? TMoaurexunuecknit croaps.— M.: Cos. sunngsonejzjas, 1980, c. 246. 3 Teopus s3siKa. Metoanl ero uccaefoBaHus H npenoaasanus.— JI: Hayka, 1981, c. 130. 4 Tam xe, c. 132. 83