„Knygos nobažnystės“ giesmyno skoliniai

LITHUANIAN LANGUAGES SANDAROS INVESTIGATIONS LITHUANIAN KALBOTYROS QUESTIONS, XXVI (1987) HALINA SIAURUKIENĖ BORROWERS OF THE "BOOK CHURCH" HYMN So far The vocabulary of the hymnal of the Book Church has not been specifically studied. The author of the article has compiled a register of this part of Kėdainiai publications, in which 3178? lexicons; borrowings are 500, i. e. 16942, Most of the borrowings are Slavisms the remaining part consists of Germanisms Hebrewisms (489), (9) ir (2). It is very difficult to determine which Slavisms iš have come from Polish, ar Belarusian and Russian languages, and in some o cases it is impossible due to the closeness of the structure of individual words in these languages. In determining the origin of the words, P. Skardžius’s Slavisms, K. Alminauskas’s Germanisms were used. ir E. French-English dictionary. This article discusses the morphological structure, adaptation and semantics of borrowed words. The Debt. This is the largest group of borrowers of the hymnal of the Book Church (306)*. Most of them consist of Slavisms and only 6 Germanisms (priest, prince, mason penig, money, harp (?), (?). Slavic ir Germanic nouns that entered the Lithuanian language acquired Lithuanian noun endings and were included in the Lithuanian noun conjugation system of the time. When looking at the direct noun borrowings, it is noticeable that they are more likely to adapt to the productive types of conjugation of the Old Lithuanian nouns: the masculine «a stem (substantive -as) — 99 (46%), the masculine and feminine 0 stem (substantive -a) — 71 (3394), the masculine (i)u stem (substantive -ius) — 21 (10%), the feminine and masculine i stem — 18 (8%), the feminine ė stem (substantive -ė) — 4 (2%), the masculine ia stem — 2 (1%). However, there is no proof of the existence of a cryptographic code. The name of the language derived from the Greek word for wealth. If the stem of the borrowed nouns contains a hard consonant, then the borrowed nouns receive the Lithuanian masculine g-stem noun endings and the feminine o-stem noun endings, e.g. apekiinas „globėjas“ < len. apiekun, balvonas "stabas" < bltr. 6a1ean, λογος "reason" < bltr. posym, len.] Reason. Those words,| which have a soft consonant in the stem, usually get the Lithuanian masculine gender iw stem endings with vns. ward. -(i)us, feminine and masculine io stem endings with vns, vard. -id and feminine gender ė stem endings with vns. ward. -e, e.g. : 1 1 This number does not include borrowed proper nouns. * Plg. Palionis J. History of Lithuanian Literary Language. —V., 1979, p. 80. 3 It is still possible to rebuild *sebras and *sebrysta. 6. 1835 145 karalius "ruler, lord" < bltr. 1986: "Spirit, Peace, and Peacefulness". cnaKoil, len. pok dj, dūšia "force, spirit" < len. "The Judge" (Blu-ray). 1932. pp. 32. "Trinity". Hardy. Old Slavic i-stem nouns, whose stem ends in a soft consonant, become Lithuanian borrowings, acquire feminine gender i-stem noun endings, e.g.: mislis "thinking" < bltr. MbicAb, len. mysl, mostis ‘grease’ < blister Macys, Len. Masé. The genus of direct non-prepositional noun borrowings is retained as it is of the borrowed word, but may also be associated with formal features. The words for male persons, which in Slavic languages have the ending -a, remain o-stems in Lithuanian, e.g.: monarcha „monarchas“ < len. monarch, patriarch „patriarchas“ < len. Patriarch, Voivode < len. Wojewoda. Most of the Slavic nouns of the nominative genus become Lithuanian nouns of the masculine genus, e.g. kodylas „smikkalai“ < bltr. Xadsina, the word for "army" < bltr. eaicka, rus. eoiūcko. "Hell's Gate" (feat. Piekto, prova "right" < bltr. Don't worry, just. prawo is a feminine genus. This is due to the varying age of these debts*. In the process of adaptation of Slavic borrowings, one case of fluctuation was observed in the choice of conjugation type: pahonis (|| pagan), -ies [| pahonas (|| pagan), -o, (-io): vns. kilm. Pahona 111, dgs. ward. Pahonis 69, 70, Pahonis 111, Pagonis 66, 82,. Pagonay 73, kilm. Pahoniu 69, Pahoniu 140, Pagoniu 93. It seems that this variation of forms is due to different sources: pagan, -0 could be derived from bltr. < mozams or len. "Bloody Sunday" and "Bloody Sunday 2" from the album. < nozanb. In addition to direct non-adverbial borrowings, the hymnbook also contains direct adverbial Slavisms: 1) -inykas [| -ininkas (9/1), e.g.: biednykas "poor, poor man" < bltr. 6a0uax or len. "Bloody, Bloody, Bloody" (feat. pamecnix. As in Slavic languages, this group of borrowings means various names of persons. 2) -onė (7), e.g.: koronė "punishment" < len. "Metallica – "Return to Forever- "". cloudiness. These borrowings mean abstract concepts. 3) -onis (3), e.g.: egyptian < len. An Egyptian. The words mean dependence on the country, faith. 4) -astis (2), e.g.: holy "sacrement" < len. $wigtosch. Abstract concepts. 5) -stva (2), e.g.: bliuznierstva "nesvankybė" < len. Blasphemy. 6) -yčia (2), e.g. aslyčia "asilė" < len. Donkey. The most common borrowings receive suffixes typical of Lithuanian nouns. These are hybrid derivatives, because they are made up of a borrowed root and a Lithuanian suffix. The most productive suffix is -ystė (25). Most of the vedas with this suffix are made up of adjective borrowings and only a few of nouns, for example: bagotystė "wealth" from bagotas, panystė "maidenhood" from pana. Quite productive are the suffixes -imas | -ymas (14), with which derivatives are formed from verb borrowings and which denote action names, e.g.: dėkavojimas "thank you" from dékavoti, 4 See. K. Collective Writings. —V., 1961, t. 3, p. 46. 146 sinning "sinning" to sin. iš There is still a suffix -ity (11). Su nouns usually made with this suffix adjectives denoting characteristiiš cs, e.g.: ir bezspiečnosť "safety" iš bespiečnas "safe", painfulness "mortality" iš smertelnas. Only the stealth ‘fraud’ — iš latras ‘scam’. However, the meaning of this noun is adjective. — Less made are suffixes -tojas, -toja (5), -um (1). The religious specificity of the hymn, apparently, leads to the fact that the Vedic minor su prefixes -elė, -elė also not much. (1/1) Hybrids of compound nouns are only thanksgiving, gooddoer, and evildoer. Adjective debts (58). Bidenominated debtors form a small group. Most Slavisms, only a little jų Germanism. — All direct adjective borrowings are a-roots, (48) even those that are u-roots in current dialects (tic tac). — Adverbs could be restored: ir *abydus iš perabydžiai, *skarus iš skariai“., Most adjectives are primary words, e.g.: čielas, „visas, pilnas“ bltr. -a < yo, kytras, "unworthy, -a deceitful" bltr. < ximpw or len. chytry, blown, -a “empty, devastateiš d” bltr. Nycmei, Len. empty. Some words borrowed with Slavic su prefixes and suffixes, ir e.g. nebespečnas ‘unsafe’ < only. dangerous, pavalnas „pavaldus“ < len. Pass. Powolny "submissive, obedient", strošlyvas < "terrible" len. Straszliwy, szczeslyvas "Jaiminga- < s" bltr. wuacaiesr. There are not many hybrid iš derived borrowed su nouns for Lithuanian prepositions: -ish (4), -ingas (3), -uotas e.g.: (1), royal king, pakajingas iš pakajus, ronuotas iš rona. iš Verb-verbal borrowings. Veiksmažodinių skolinių yra slavizmai 104 germanizmai ir 2 (liuosuoti, liuosinti). Iš prepositional derivatives can be reconstructed even 16 Slavisms, e.g.: čystyti opčystyti, iš ronyti suronyti, iš spakayti nuspakaiti. iš Primary verbs néra®. The Slavic suffixes of direct debtors have been transformed into similar Lithuanian į suffixes or replaced by Lithuanian suffixes with similar function: -yti, -ija, -ijo rus. iš -ums", -avotiiš bltr. -asays or len. -owad, -oti bltr. iš -ay» or len. -ač, e.g. mūsyti „must” < len. musieč, tiešėti „guosti“ < bltr. 2000: "Thank You" (feat. < d3akasays, printed len. < a printer; kolioti "float" < len. Kalach, rugoti ‘barti’ < bltr. intestine. pyzayb. If the root of a Slavic verb is soft, it is also soft in the borrowed form, e.g.: kolioti ‘float’ < only. a buck. Slavic regressive verbs are translated into Lithuanian in regressive form, e.g. užsidyvyti ‘surprise’ < bltr. 03isiyya, clonoid "to hide" bltr. < Kaanayya or len. kianiaé sie. Since the Baltic Slavic ir prefixes are of common origin, the Slavic prefixes are replaced by Lithuanian prefixes of the same structure function, ir e.g.: uždirbti 5 Formants -ai soft po consonant (most likely these adverbs were direct borrowings). 4 Restoration could be *Bots* ‘paisyti’ iš arboti (<bltr. dbays „to care, to strive“, len. dbač). * Su Appendix -yti, -o, is only -ė rėdyti ‘treat’ to ir be treated „decorati- < ng“ rus. wapsdums. we 147 ‘to earn’ < bltr. sacnyokxomė, apčystyti, ingadyti „patinka“ < bltr. pyzadziųs,. len. Sen. Ugodzic. In some cases it is difficult to distinguish whether a preposition that comes with a loanword is a prepositionar al verb, e.g. pamstyti ‘revenge’ < bltr. nomoyiųys or len. pomšcič, pavieryti „patikėti“ < bltr. naeepsiųs, rus. nosepume, len. Trustee. 8 Some of the most commonly used prepositions are: "I'm going to" "I'm going to" "I'm going to" "I'm going to" "I'm going to". "Grzegorz "Grzegorz- "". the screw. It should be mentioned derivatives with the prefix da-, which is considered Slavic; date, date, date, date, date, date There is a relatively small number of hybrid derivatives with Lithuanian suffixes. The -woti derivatives are all prepositions, e.g.: išmėrė, pamierė, už(u)mierė < bltr. Mepays or len. a gauge; mark len. < end; išliuosuoti "to set free" from liuosas "free" < germ. los ‘free’. Only a few hybrids with Lithuanian suffixes -inti (3), -weave e.g.: (2), išvalninti „to set free“: valnas „free“ bltr. < e0/bKbr or len. Free. The Debt. Find a way in the hymnbook 16 ir 2 adverbs of time. It is possible to guess that there are 2 direct debtors: perabydžiai „skaudžiai“ and skariai „greitai“, since there is no fixation of adjectives *skarus and *perabydus, and there are no adjective u-stem debtors at all. iš Mode adverbs are made iš adjective su formtu -a, e.g. :pakarnai „humbly“ iš pakarnas, viernai „faithfully“ iš viernas, spakajingai „calmly“ from spakajingas. Time adjectives are hybrid derivatives: kasčės „every time“, tąčės ‘at the time’. Nominally owed. "Spider-- Man: Into the Spider-Verse - Blu-ray". blu-ray.com. intestine. cadnw, len. žaden are direct debtors, varied as a-stem adjectives. Unchanged words. "I'm Not Alone" "I'm Not Alone" "I'm Not Alone" "I'm Not Alone" "I'm Not Alone" "I'm Not Alone" "I'm Not Alone" "I'm Not Alone" "I'm Not Alone" "I'm Not Alone" "I'm Not Alone" "I'm Not Alone" "I'm Not Alone" "I'm Not < Alone" "I'm Not Alone" "I'm Not Alone" "I'm Not Alone" "I'm Not Alone" "I'm Not Alone" "I'm Not Alone" "I'm Not Alone" "I'm Not Alone" "I'm Not Alone" "I'm Not Alone" "I'm Not Alone" "I'm Not Alone" "I'm Not Alone" "I'm Not Alone" "I'm Not Alone" "I'm Not Alone" "I'm Not Alone" "I'm Not Alone" "I'm Not Alone" "I'm Not Alone" "I'm Not Alone" "I'm Not Alone" "I'm Not Alone" 60, len. bo, dučei(b) ‘nors’ < bltr. Hey, Len. chociaz, choé¢; words: bodai "like, as if" bltr. 6daii et ir al. The semantics of nouns. The largest semantic groups of noun borrowings are: a) Religious terms, e.g.: afiera "sacrifice", advent "time before Christmas", altar, anielas "angel", apostle, archangel "archangel- ", church, bishop "bishop", cherubim, greek "sin", baptism, priest, litany, pagan "pagan", pekla "hell", holy "sacrement", paradise, satan, traice "trinity", easter, viera "faith". The vast majority of them came into the Lithuanian language after the introduction of Catholicism; b) names denoting social relationships, e.g.: apekūnas "guardian", bagočius "wealthy", patamkas "descendant", susiedas "neighbor", ubagas "elgeta", vnūkas "grandson", etc. ; c) terms of administrative-state life, e.g.: dekreta „law“, herbas, hetmonas „hetmon“, majestotas „throne“, mistras „teacher“, paredkas „order“, paslas „messenger“, stonas „post“, sūdžia „judge“, tyron, triumph, tronas „throne“, etc. ; d) terms of cultural life, e.g.: harp, choir, cymbals, cithra, book, trombone, trio, etc. ; e) various abstracts, 148 Pp. : part "happiness", loska "grace", mika „suffering“, nodieja „hope“, patiecha „consolation“, strochas „fear“, tūžma "fear, worry". Rare are: names of a) plant ir species, e.g.: oil “olive”, donkey, -donkey "donkey- ", leopard "lion", pelican "pelican", radastas "thorn rose", etc. ; names ir of b) substances in ir products, e.g. ; balsamo "balm", kodylas "incense", marble “marble”, mira, sulphur, wine, etc. ; clothing ir names for c) household items, e.g.: kubkas ir “cup”, “jupa”, “plates” The primary source of most of the words in the above mentioned groups are Latin, Greek, Germanic languages. The semantics of adjectives: The following semantic groups of adjectives can be distinguished: psychological characteristics of a) a person, evaluation of moral-religious character, e.g.: griešnas, „sinful“, pabažnas „god-fearing“, razumnas „intelligent“, -d viernas „believing“, etc. b) social status, e.g.: bagot "rich", biedas "poor", diuosas "free", ubagas ‘Elgetiškas’ ir etc. €c) the mental mood of the person, e.g.: sad “depressed”, grumpy “calm”, grumpy “happy”, etc. ir d) physico-physiological characteristics, e.g.: calf “slut”, stalk “ugly”, cyst ‘tyras’ ir etc. e) other concepts, e.g.: abelnas „simple“, noprosnas „unnecessary“, etc. ar Semantic groups of verbs: a) words denoting a mental action, e.g. afieravoti “to sacrifice”, dyvytis "to wonder", to smoke "think", gordyti "despise", karytis "obey", liūbyti „love“, metavoti(s) „repent- “, tiešyti „guosti“ and others. b) verbs of active action; e.g.: brajyti "to rush", budavoti "to build", liesti "treat", "control", "measure- ", "cure" "to punish", "to crucify", etc. c) words that denote an abstract action, e.g.: ćędzić "save", "salt", "judge", "protect- ", "manage", etc. c) verbs denoting the process of speaking, e.g.: bliuznyti „to speak improperly“, dėkavoti „to thank“, kolioti „barti, koneveikti“, raugoti "rebuke" and so on. Conclusions The greatest part of the borrowed words in the hymnal of the Book of Nobazhnyst consists of Slavisms (there are only a few Germanisms). The morphological adaptation of loanwords is characterized by: 1. Types of noun conjugation depend on the softness of the stem consonant of the borrowed word. It is most commonly used in the production of agricultural machinery. Lender's word chief. ir against. gin. normally maintained, anonymous gen. delivery varies. Nouns are included in the Lithuanian į language morphological system by using ir Lithuanian suffixes. The most common adverbs are -ystė, -imas, -ymas, -ybė. 149 2. Adjectives are incorporated into the morphological system of the Lithuanian language mostly by flexual adaptation. There are few vedas with prepositions. 3, Slavic suffixes of direct borrowed verbs are transformed into similar Lithuanian suffixes or replaced with Lithuanian suffixes with identical function. The semantic analysis shows that most of the borrowed terms are related to religious topics (nouns denoting concrete and abstract objects and phenomena, adjectives and verbs denoting the mental characteristics of a person or the activity expressing them). Frequent and active action words. There were fewer names of plants, animals and substances. 3AHMCTBOBAHHSA H3 NECEHHHKA “KNIGA NOBAZNYSTES” Pe310Me B craTthe HCCIIEAYIOTCS 3aMMCTBOBAHHS H3 IIreCEHHHKA JIKTOBCKHX pedopMATOB "Book of the Church". B nponecce MOpdĖJOIOTrHYecKON AĮialrTalIHHM CyIECTBHTEILHbIC Yallle BCETO BBEJIEHbI B IIPOIYKTHBHBIC THIIbI CKJIOHEHHA JIATOBCKOTO s3bika. I'm going to get you. 3aHMCTBOBAHHSA CJIABSIHCKHX CYOOHKCOB H mpucraBok TpaHc0OOpMHpOoBAaHbI B MOAOOHBIE CYOOHKCELI H IIDHCTABKH B JIATOBCKOM S3LIKE HJIH 3AaMEHEHbI CYyOĖOHKCAMK JIATOBCKOTO S35IKA, HMEIONIHMH INONOOHELIC (YHKIHH, PaccMaTpHBaIOTCSA TaKX€ CEMAHTHYECKHE TpyrINbI 3aHMCTBOBAHHĖ,