J. Balčikonis – A. Mickevičiaus „Gražinos“ vertėjas

LIETUVIYU LANGUAGES SANDAROS STUDIES LIETUVIYU KALBOTYROS QUESTION- S, XXVI (1987) VANDA ANNOUNCEMENT J. BALCIKONIS — A. MICKEVICIAUS ,,GRAZINOS’ VERTEJAS A. Ho se 1974 mea s ,,Misy kalbos“ published an a icle in he 1s issue J. Baléikoni p isimenan ", which ells how in 1966 p o . J. Baléikonis wan s o go A. Micke ičius, "G azinos" ansla ion. P o esso i8 modes y did no admi ha G azing" iS e é himsel i hen In Kaunas, in a publishing house, wo ked A. Ho se old he s o y o Kédainiy bajo éli, gi ing he p o esso o co ec e icalba. mo Un o u- na ely, he ansla - o died, $i so he — ansla - ion was made a he nobleman's will. Un o un- a ely, his ansla i- on did no each he i wo ld: i was al eady he e du »G azina “ ansla ions (V. Si ios-Gi os i Righ . Ma cinke ičius), i he hi d, "Vaga" did no wan o allow. The publishing house s a hough he ansla ion language was e y baléikoniSka, bu hey belie ed he p o esso 's e o , hinking ha Bal ikonis was making changes in he ansla ion. I jeine linguis A. The es imony o Lybe , a ela i e o he p o esso . jog ma é ,.G azina* ansla ion handw i ing, so we i wouldn' know p o esso iS e us G azing". Tha p o esso megos poe y i galéjo ja ye s i, con i ms ano he i such ac in his you h > J. Baléikonis axé e sé i eilé a8 ius. They we e p in ed "In hope* i ,,Lie u os jikininke“. “A he ime hey we e qui e popula . An ai Mica Pe aus- kas pa a8é music by Bal ikonio eilé a8 i ,,.We i Zu om i ken éjom...“, e y iSpopula ia éjo ,.Kalinys“, i es olk song, la e ha monized J. Swedish, like olk ales, w i en in lines ,,The days will come“, iS ansla - ion usy poe a A. Ples- &nex ,,Pauks y é « Bal ikonis' e olu ion- a y poe y well ye ino p o . B. The — G eek ji Poe s. Jo a o’ . &O he J. Baléikonis signed unde a ious pseudonyms: T imi as, Spa nai is, Bij inélis. ,,G azina“ e é Sil es o Rimma's nickname. A lo o hings Bal&ikonis ea s he ansla o peculia ly. J. Bal ikonium ,,In he collec ion o his wo ks i is s a ed ha he published a se ies o aluable wo ks on i Li huanian onomas ic- s, including wo ks on he Li huaniani- za ion o su names. Tha he p o esso had his own a i ude. isible i i8 poem a dy ansla io- n. Name o he main cha ac e o he poem G adina he eplaces G azine, p ince Liu au o name is changed o Liu a o, place name Nauga duk- as becomes Nauga du, coun y name Ge manya — They a e called Mazo ia. 1 Pupkis A., Maziulis V. Juozas Balcony. — Kn. : J. Bal ic. Selec ed wo ks V., 1978, . 1, p. 11. 38 When we ead he ansla - ion o J. Baléikoni- s,,G azin- e“, in he 10 h e se we d aw a en i- on o a ce ain Zodynq. Ins ead o ip as y, dél dazno and uni e sal use nublanku- siy ZodZiy linguis chooses mo e i id synonym- s. J. Bal&eiko- nio,,G az- inés“ speaks olk, -li e. T ansla - o does no a oid spoken language ZodZiy. I is widely used in sculp u- e and o he o ms o a , e.g. :,,i apsakq ( he s o y) q has s a ed o ollow“,,,- in he end.do an aip.- s op“ (nusp en- dé),,,0 Sodzio am ap e s (change) meilaus gané o“ (ui eko),,- ,Liu a q he dukes deda“ (ski ia),,,- ne u im Cia gaiSuo i* (gai8 i),,,- enu da ka q y o kel g ei yj- y“ ( as ly), nea by s opped common- ly be o e he os “ (mua),,,ai is weak (no wha ), some wind“,,,p- ailsusius bema back nuspaud- é“ (chased),- .ne pas djys (obs ina- ion) him some uzéjes bi y“,,.né- a g azu mums pyk is sa ybée_- je“ (wi h each o he ),.,- he ace is ho , she is e ibly con use- d“ (exci ed)- ,,, emem- be , kq o de ed, you will ag ee“ (pasi uo- %e) and so on. They a e e y necessa- y: hey gi e he s o y a mys e y, as i hey ake us back o ancien imes, e.g. :,,p ie du y kunigés (kunigaik- s ienés) ei pasi yZ - a“, The wo d kunigé is used in M. MaZ ydo a8 ai, K. Si ydo Zodyne.,,- K yZei iy (k yZiuo- iy) siun ini- us (pasiun i- nius) isb uk pa yko“ —The wo d k yzei i- ai is ound in A. and J. Ju8ky, S. Daukan o wo ks, siun iniai —S. Sla oéns- ki giesmyn- e, K. Si ydas zodyne. O he a chais- ms used by J. Baléikon- is a e ound in he old w i ings- :,,ka, iespacia (lo d), gi dziu?- “,,, ai kunigas“ (p ies ), po kiemus ( illages) oliau ku isiki es“,- ,,i sakalas —ga bé ik a medéjo“ (hun e ),- ,, ai mo é (woman), al hough she wea s a man’s weapons- “. In he ansla - ion he e is ano he a e wo d —J. Basana i- čius and V. Pie a io used, bu ne e used, he ga ds:,,- o some he gi es ga dq (ci y), o o he s he gi es Zeme“. Aki a ac s and he linguis 's own wo d plough, used in a new sense: ia lenky k aS q aukia- me a io i" ( o plough). J ai iy leksiniy g upiy Wo ds used in ansla - ion ha e a po en ial aes he - ic cu e. In he sense o cul u al adi io- n, a chaism means seman i- cally no he same as hun e , p ies canno be eplaced wi h p ince, cou ya- d — wi h illage. Ta myb- és and a chais- ms c ea e his o ic- al colo . Almos all dialec s a e spoken language wo ds, bu he poe ic ans o- ma ion is no always meaning- ul: i is no sui able o a oman ic poem, i aises o he associa - ions, e.g. :,,i is e y con use- d“ (exci ed)- ,,,bu o you men (di e e- nce) is essen ia- l“: Now le ’s look a a longe sec ion o he ansla - ion. Le us compa e J. Baléikoni- s’s ansla - ion wi h o he ansla - ions. Wha makes he ansla - ion o J. Baléikon- is di e en- ? Imkime example auS an¢- io y o ap aSym- a: JuZ noc pie zcha- a, juz pensée wiosy Dawn on he eas e n un olds obioku. J. Baléikoni- s' ansla - ion does no lea e S y ingiy auS os hai , jasmeni- nimo, min j e éjas ‘con eys simple olk language, as abou S in an - ia auS a said illage Man: » While i is s ill nigh , he sky is al eady one Son Eas om he e lec i- on o he au o a ed... 39 The o iginal meaning is con eyed, al hough i ne he same image, al hough i be aliuzijy i an iking li e a ii g ( o he oman ics, an ikiné li e a u e was an ideal). Changed i ansla - ion syn ax. The i s sen ence ex ends he second hal o he sen ence, he epe i ions disappea ,,ja“, i does no a ec he meaning o he ansla io- n: he sen ence is luen , al hough i be Poe ical ph ases. Righ . Ma cinke icius spli s he i s sen ence o he o iginal in o wo, j changing he dynamics o o he o iginal language and lo he a is ’s image as well: i I was a e ible nigh . Quick In he eas , he sky is co e ed in pu ple. V. Sy iac-Gi a ansla ion esembles a olk song. Ve ime ,,auS iné’’ i ,,cloud“ becomes a deminu i e, he a is ic image is no e ained. The syn ax is also changed, so- &mo e, as in p e ious i ansla ions, he meaning ul con en is con eyed. J. Zilius-Jonila In hese e ses he wo d "ZodZiui" means: Al eady day wo en, al eady ches aus inés Whi e The ansla o accu a ely con eys he a is ic image o he o iginal, he pe sonaliza i- on o he ime, allusions o ancien li e a u e ( emembe i Home 's,,Odys- sey* Au& a audonpi S e), bu he ansla ion is silen , simila o a p ose ex . O iginal Syn ax j J. Zilius-Jonila changes: wo sen ences o he o iginal pa ag aph becomes one sen ence, meaning ul con en dél emains unchanged, i8is conside ed epe i i e o ‘yes’. Ano he example. I depic s a mys e ious iew o No go od cas le a nigh , de ailed in e e y de ail: walach ha ni Po z i po blue sand Wi h a gian boa , he shadows o he bu y, Falling w in o he di ch, whe e in he middle o e e nal dams, B ea hing wa e , unde g een molds. The syn ax o he o iginal is né no kep in one ansla io- n, wo d o de is changed, sen ence connec ion is no app op ia e o he o iginal. J. Bal ikonis’ ansla ion con ains in o ma ion ha is no in he o iginal (memo y in o ma ion), ja we only eel in he p esence o : Toli I 's been a long ime. A ound he deep wa e di ch blackens, he peace u ned in o Moo s jo co e ed, Bu he s ange is no ji expec ed. The ansla ion is i id, meaning is con eyed, al hough he a is ic image is qui e i ne accu a e. The a o iginal colo scheme will disappea- :,,blue smélis“,,,G een molds“. Ta iau ,Moo s“ al eady ansmi- s i colo ul echoes, i sounds Much mo e na u al uz ‘zZalius pelésius’. Synonyms used in ansla io- n: sinekdocha ,Se8éli me a boké ai*, an h opomo - phiza ion I 's ime. This is he a 's means and he way o li e. 40 Didn' you ead hese lines om V. Si ijos-G- i a: Cas le SeSélis like a column gulé On he blue sand, embank- men , in he dep hs Pe kaso ell, whe e d égnam pa ésy Wa e sucked be ween Zaliy pelésiy. He e, as in he o iginal, he pe sonali- za ion, “wa e b ea he- d” and he colo scheme a e main ain- ed, bu he ansla i- on sounds inanima e, he sen ence loses i s i ali y, i exceeds he bounda ies o he e se. T ansla ion by P. A minas-T upinelis: On he yellow sand and on he cas le oly Seséliai as gian guléjo, Ta um j g io j jy dalis ig us a, Ku senas anduo i milzéjai pis a. In he ansla - ion o one o iginal “ac o ” (wa e ) he e is also a second one, made in he ci cums- ances o he place (molds). No as i sounds, “old wa e ”, glue poe y. Bea ing in mind ha his is he e y i s ansla - ion o “G azina- ”, we canno be oo aile . Righ . Ma cink- e ičius' ansla - ion, al hough g ace ul and sounding, dis o s he meaning o he o iginal: Velény pillimu aukS yn pakile, Sméliu SeSéliai Sliauzia dideli. They all in o he ench in a igue, Whe e be ween he Zoliy esh wa e lows. A comple - ely new a is ic image is c ea ed. I is ue ha oman i- cism is wha i should be in a oman ic poem, bu he au ho o his poem did no aim o con ey he clea mood o he gushing wa e , bu o show he mys e i- ous and igh en- ing peace o he nigh , wi h which he wa e gushing is only cloudy. In addi ion, in he di ch ha su oun- ds he cas le, he wa e can no Giu len i, © he mo e o be e eshing. By compa ing he ansla i- ons wi h he o iginal and wi h each o he , we would ind many in e es i- ng hings, bu his would equi e a mo e ex ensi e wo k. I can be men ioned ha no one Baléikonis changed he name o G azina. P. A minas-- T upinélis G azing ansla - ed G aZioji. Jonila's poem ies o li huanize as much as possible: Nauga du- kas became Naujapile, Liu au as —Lii au u. V. Sy ia-Gi - a's messenge- s we e ea ed as lega es, J. Baléikonis as en oys. Baleikioni- ui k yZiuoéiy o de s panagus j,,mul i-h- eaded snake“, Gi ai —i,,hyd a“, Ma cinke- iGiui —i,,d agon- “. Al eady i8 sho e imy compa is- on we can make hese conclusio- ns. T ansla i- ons by J. ZiliusJoni- la and P. A minas-- T upinélis aim a he g ea es isual accu acy, some im- es i is necessa y o check whe he he language is lexible and easy o ead. The ansla i- on o V. Sy ia-Gi a is no always accu a e, some im- es i is done by wo d, bu he poe 's alen sa es a lo . Righ . Fo Ma cinke- ičius, he mos impo an is o e ain he o iginal colo , mood and dynamics o he dialogue. J. Bal ikonis ansla - es wisely a chaic, p esen s he images o he o iginal in such a way ha hey a e close o he Li huanian wo ld ie- 4l w. The e is a endency o popula ize he language. In a syllabic ele en-syl- lable line, he uses a penkiapéd- Ziu jambu, which is he closes subs i u- e o a syllabic line. J. Bal&ikoni- s's wo k is one o he mos pe ec examples o philological ansla i- on: almos e e ywhe- e he exac ansla i- on p inciple is ollowed, idiomy exp essio- ns a e used, sen ences a e luen , al hough wi hou poe ic polemics. The ansla i- on o »G aziné- s« he p o esso epea ed- ly co ec e- d, seeking a mo e i id and i id s o y. He eplaced noun cons uc- ions wi h mo e app op ia- e means o exp essi- on o he spoken language, imp o ed he hymes. He ies o say as much as possible, as angibly as possible, al hough he poe y o he o iginal has changed in some places. He e a e some examples: He did no sleep— h- a he nea es knew, Bu he iimy Zmeneés and he cas le gua ds Hono ab- le men om§ he e y council Pabels he lo d j doo ea ed. He was no sleeping, he clea ly knew, Al hough a ma e o such impo a- nce appea e- d, Which he could no esol e wi hou he comman- de , Bu he comman- de was a aid o knock on his doo . Zodis is mo e speci ic han Zodj's ela i e- s, 0 he change o ule in command shows he impo a- nce o he ac ion o he poem, when e e yone expec ed ha Liu au - as would be no only he ule , bu also he comman- de o he ba le. Lines 2 and 3 ha e been eplaced. They become mo e in o ma- i e, he ans e- ence o hough disappea- s, he speech becomes mo e li ely: iSplés in- is con inuo- us sen ence is eplaced by d iejy laipsniy G ee ing sen enc- e. In ansla - ing he lines he Wo d o he Council is his mos mind ul, in he ield o ba le he is he b a es o all, he ansla - o mus yengé he mono o- ny o he language, sodél dis u b- ed highes deg ee ad e bs eplaced by comple - ely di e e- n Wo ds. In he council he gi es good decision- s, on he ba le i- eld his weapon akes he uppe hand. In addi ion, his pe sonal- iza ion o “ he weapon is o e ” is mo e pic o ial and olkie . é Sakys, u u y p isiplés no éjai, I Žeme s e ima uzpul u éjai. The e ses a e co ec ed as ollows: Sakys, jam yk as s e imas magéjo, GodiSius kelio g iebés uZpuoléjo. 42 The co ec ion anima es he igu a i e ac ionWo ds o he magéjo, he second pe son change o he e- I do his because I wan o con ey ano he pos -We- j s e n o ne ule , o speak o i he . The emo ional unde one is gi en by he name o he cha ac e , godisium. A be e hyme. Eilu és Beau i ul C osses You' e building o es- ses, look a hem, hey' e al eady ea ed. imp o ed wice: K yzei iy beau i ul- ly buil o ess- es, F om you many kendia p iisai e ils. i The cas les o K yZiuoc- iy Zemej p iisu, IS he e ensla ed hey yko k ak q miisy. This is p obably done dél hyme. In he second i hi d amendmen he pe sonaliza i- jo on o he i s edi ion is los , i.e., he,,hal -way building“ is a oided. ,,Beau i ul cas les” in “ he hi d ansla ion sounds mo e con incing han,,beau i - ul o esses”. A. Zi conium Zodiiais,,,i is he wo k o a ne p o essional poe , a o language specialis . Al hough he i el a endency owa ds poe y, he spen his en i e li e wo king on he i p ose language, he de elopmen su o poe ic language. gi e as much poe inés language iSgaliy as i is a ailable Fo people whose special y is he a o "? basic poe y...- 10, BAJIbYHK- OHHC —MEPEBO- YHK «<PPA)KH- Hbls A. MMLLKEBHYA Pesiome C a aa 3Haxom- u c IO. Bansunk- onucom —mepeso- yuuKom moa3mu. OOcyxna- e ca Tepesox, moomp A. Muuxkes- uya,,[pax- una“, spmonm- sennem FO. Basbunkonncom. B nepesose FO. Bansunkonnca MHOI'He A3bIKOBBIe ABJICHHA I'm so y, I'm so y, I'm so y, I'm so y, I'm so y, I'm so y, I'm so y, I'm so y, I'm so y, I'm so y, I'm so y, I'm so y, I'm so y, I'm so y, I'm so y, I'm so y, I'm so y. Tlepesoy ¥O, Basbuukonnca cpapHupae ca c Apy uMM MuToBcKuMuM Mepesonamn,, ‘pax ub (M . 2Kun oca-Mon- nne , I. Apmunaca-Tpy- mnenuca, B. Cupuéc-Cupn, KOc . Map anKaBHuoca). OOpalliae ca BHUMaHHe M Ha HcIIpaBlenusA Me ascina, BHeceHHEIe camum FO. Bans4HK- OHHCOM C IelIbIO AOCTHKe- HUA HAHOOMb- UIel HApOFHO- CTH A3bIKAa. 2 Ho se A. On he Roads o Li e a u- e. —V., 1976, p. 105.