Kietojo „r“ tarimas vietoj minkštojo žemaičių šnektose

Cie Rg TF I'm going to take you to the library. M.; J., 1957. T. 6 Ses ig TnyMauajrsHki cnoynix Gesapyckait Mossi. Minck, 1979. T. 3. ®uncxo-pycckmit ciosaps /Cocr. MH. Baxpoc, A. lllepGaxos. M., 1975. Yemcxo-- pycckuit cnosaps /Ion pea. JI. B. Komeuxoro, M1. OGanarma, O. Jlemrxu, M.; IMpar 1973. T."1. —SOLID COUNCIL IN PLACES WITH A LANDLOCK IN THE SECOND WORLD WAR 1. The stronger r before the vowels of the anterior row is a typical phonetic feature of some eastern and southern Altays. It has been described in detail by Z. Zinkevičia (1966, pp. 165—166, 519) and Ž. Urbanavičiūtė (1970, pp. 61—65; 1971, pp. 55—69 see. 87 pp. 2nd ed. This is actually a completely different type of "hardening" or "softening" than in the Vysočy dialect, because the Žemaičių dialect includes the so-called ionic softening of the r and the replacement of the softened consonants with hard ones. This phonetic phenomenon of the Žemaičių dialektas has already attracted the attention of our dialectologists (3uakasrutoc, 1973, pp. 93—97). Z. Zinke vičius mentions a number of specific facts, trying to indicate also the geography (Zinkevičius, 1968, pp. 153—156). Similarly, V. Grinaveckis writes about this, paying more attention to the pronunciation of the soft r i the geography of this law, presenting many facts where various analogies are visible | dra ks —dridugas „friend“, uZdrdude —ūždriaudė and others | (Grinaveckis, 1973, p 313—316), at the same time emphasizing that this in some places „is undoubtedly a new phenomenon (Grinaveckis, 1973, p. 316). A. Girdenis is now interested in this subject of phonetics, especially after drawing attention to the frequent pronunciation of the hard r in the dialects of the north-eastern Žemaičiai (Dūninink Varniškiai), where it "such a perfectly regular I[rare] A. The Girdenis phenomenon can only be of phonetic origin” [extracted by A. Girdenis] (Girdenis, 1980 p. 34). It is a pity, of course, that the Lithuanian Language Atlas did not try to explain this phenomenon, such a question was not included in the program (individual words troba, riogsdti may not show the geography of the operation of this law from Sami). 2. Rashant „Dictionary of Northeastern Mudmen’s Speaking“ (Vitkauskas, 1976) ir this time studying the southern Žemaičių dialect, gathered iš quite a lot of examples, where the The combinations of *ria, *riau, *riu, *rįū, *rįo sounds, unlike in the common language, Vysočina and even in the Žemaičių dialekts, in most of the studied dialects have become ro, rau, ru, rii, ruo rio, riau, o ne riu, riū, riuo. In this case, we want to examine how many of these words are pronounced in the more detailed studied Kurščnų (Šiaulių r.), Vidsodžio, Užvenčio (Kelmės r.), water, Pa ViekSndliy (Telšių r.) šnektu žemaičiai dūnininkai (varniškiai). It was recorded there: braii.na Krš, Uzv, Vds brown || Pvn, Vkin ‘briauna’, grd.u t'i Krš || grd.ut''e Pvn, UZv, Vds, Vkšn „griauti“, graus't'in'is Krš || graus't'Ln'i: Pvn, UZv, Vds, Vkšn “thunder, thunderstorm”, griiov’ims Krš || groov'ems Zav, Vds grūov'ė.ms | Pvn, Vkšn 'demolition', gruv'ičsa' "Krš || grov'iēsa" Pvn, Vkin "griuvė siai", griūrt'i Krš || grūrt'e Pvn, Uzv, Vds, Vksn „griūti“, gruv'in'iet'i Krš || grov'ę n'iet'e Pvn, Uzv, Vds, Vksn "gruuvinėti- ", grudv'i's Krš || grilov'i*s Pvn ‘griovys’ karirm’en’i Krš || karūm'en'ę Pvn, Uzv, Vds, Ykšn "the army", the old generation VEC k'eturūol'eka Krš || k'etoriiol- 'eka Pvn, Vkin' "fourteen", kraiinas Krš, Užv, r Vds || krūūnas Pvn, Vkšn (and b'r'itkrd- -un'is Pvn, Vkin) "crowns" (,briedkriaunis®), krūūkšlas VkSn,grumstas, kriaukšlys", kraū.š'us Krš || kraū.š'os UZv, Vds || aa krūūš'os Pvn, Vk&n "pear, slope", krauš'i"- t'i Krš || krauš'i"- t'e Pvn, Užv, Vds, ks a Vkšn "beating, pushing" (see kriaušyti LKZ VI 569—570), kriūok'in'- t'i Krš || kriiék Pvn, VYkšn "weeping", krudk-2 K i l'is "weeping", krukš'iet'i Krš || kroks'iet'e Pvn, UZv, Vds, Vkin,kriukséti", pe krūks'i Krš "crown, pig", krikt'i Krš || kriikt'e Pvn, UZv, Vds, Vkin "screaming, but 38 complaining, moaning, whining", krūk'is Krš || kriū.k'is Pvn, Užv, Vds, Vkšn „kriuoY r kis“, krd.ukla* Krš || krd.ukla“ Pvn, Vkin „kriauklai“ (and pakrd.ukl'e* || pakrd.ukl'é 3 of wpakriaukliai®), rudgl'in'iet'i Krš || ruogl'en'iet'e UZv, Vds || riiogl'en'iet'e Pvn, k { Vkšn rioglinéti, vaikštinėti“, rožsuoti Krš || ruoksūot'e Pvn, UZv, Vds, Vkin 4 „tiogsoti“, rudgl'en'- t'i Krš || rudgl'en'- t'e Vds, Užv „rioglinti- “, skrad.da Krš, Užv, a. Vds || skrūūda Pvn, VYkšn „skauda- “, skraii.s't- 'i Krš || skraū.s'- t'e Užv, Vds || #0 skraūs't- 'e Pvn, Ykšn „skriausti“ (and miskrauda Krš „nuoskauda“), sruba Krš || bė 3 sroba Pvn, UZv, Vds, Vkšn „sūpa“, rupt'č'ūot'i Krš || srop'č'ūot'e Pvn, UZv, Vds, r 7 5 Vkšn „sriubčioti“, srupsmiot’i Krš „sriubčioti“. sri-p't'i Krš || srip't’e Pvn, Uv, Vds, Vkšn „sriuobti, gerti“, srųb'in'iet'i Krš „sriuobčioti, gėrinėti“, sriūūp's'n'is a. Krš || srūtp's'n'is Pvn „sriuobsnis- “, traū.š'is Krš || trūūšis Pvn, Vkšn „triaušis, asiūk-Bets | lis“, trūkšmas Krš || trūrkšmas Drv || trė.kšmas Pvn, UZv, Vk3n, Vds „triukšmas- “, a trukšmd.ut'i Krš || tru:kšmd.ut'i Drv || trokšmū.ut- 'e Pvn, Užv, Vds, Vk3n, skolinys tia ji trūšis Krš || trū.šis Pvn, Užv, Vds, Vkšn, trušiena Krš || trėš'iėna Pvn, Vkšn „triui! si šena“, trūš't'i Krš || trg.š't'e Pvn, Užv, Vds, Vkšn „crush, break“, trūš'k'in't'i Ee Krš || trėš'k'in't'e UZv, Vds || trėš'k'i.n't'e Pvn, Vk3n „crush“ and one more yes: ly Many of the words with a hard r presented here are pronounced in many other dialects what 3 i in; (Grinaveckis, 1973, p. 313). For example, krūokt'e "to cry", kruokl"i"s "cries", gri‘t'e arą "fall", sritp't'e "sruobti", rrėš'k'in't'e "crush", trūš'k'is "triūšis" — VainūFa | tas (Šilutės raj.); grd.un „destroys“, trūš't'i „tremble“, skra"ud „hurts“, gruov'i“s js ai „ditch“, rudgl'in't'i*s „rioglintis“, srirp'č'uot'i „sriūbčioti“ —Žviūgiai (Šilalės Aga raj.): bra.una „destroys“, krūūnas „destroys“, krūoka.ut'ę „croaks, cries“, "J grov'en'iet'e „destroys“, trėkšmas „noise“, trokSmd.ut- ’e triukSmauti* —i Pajūris (Šilalės raj.); ruoksilaje "riogsio", grd.va "kriuvo", grov'iesū" "ruins", aa. kriiok "screaming, crying", sribd.ut- 'e "sriūbauti", srop'č'ūot'e "Ssriubčioti" —Vaf-Se niai (Telšių district); krūkšči'va,kriokavo, šaukavo“, grd.va „kriuvo“, sri*h ,srivobia, [ike geria“ —Švėkšna (Šilūtės raj.) etc. etc. a 2.1. This phenomenon is also typical of some of the dounininky (Northern Samogitian) speakers. For example: gra.ut'e "to tear", b'r'éitkra-un'- is "a deer", krūo*kt'e "to scream, ja A cry", krūokš'ena "krioksena, verkimas®, ndū'grovas,nuogriuvos®, sroup't'e "to crush", srėup't'enė" "to crush, soup" —Raudénai (Šiaulių raj.), skrd-us'xh t The younger generation from school has already learned to pronounce the soft r: Ketwtiiol'eka || k'etor'iol' eka, keturdleka, keturdlektas. It is not included t'e, į LKŽ. Hl Re ha k į Ly 14. 1880 TE er Sa iii a Sa JS J „rio jį 209 Ga mirskrd.uda nuoskriauda®, tri-kimas "noise", rūogi'en'iet'e "to rioglinėti", gro.va ‘crashed’ — Tryškiai (Telšiai district); Grov'en'ie "destroying- ", trg.š'k'ena "breaking down". nutroš'ė.ms “scratch”, crick "krūkia, kriuksi", krg.ks'e "kriuksė, kiaulė", riiogl'en'ie "rioglinėja" — Kaunatava (Telšiai district); krūoks'ena "screaming, crying®. kriokl'i*s "weeping", grov'en'ie "destroying- ", graus't'i.n'is "thunder, thunderstorm", nutrg.fa "numbing", trū.š'is "rabbit", kri.k'is "Krukis", k'etoriioI'eka ‘fourteen’ — Ludke (Telšiai district); srop'č'ūot'ę "to screeching", sū'grova "sangruva, sukriošėlis", kriūokč'ūoję "cried, wept" — Janapolė (Telšių raj.) ir kt With troubles in the way su Eigifdžių (Telšių raj.) I have heard two forms from several people: krudk'e įkriokė“, nutrė.ša „nutriušo“, but there here the ar descriptive phenomenon is regular, no, it is difficult to say now: this is a task for ar further research. After all, the pronunciation of the hard in šį the dialects of r the Dounians (Northern Samogitians) is hardly mentioned in our dialectological literature. In this case, the pronunciation of the r ir r' Dounininkai (Northern Samogitians) schnekts is far from unified, it does not form a single area. One other example can be found only in In the chrestomaty of Lithuanian dialects: krokés “cries” Zr(LKT87), krūokso “I will cry, cry” Lk(LKT84). That's about it. ir what is known about the subject in the conversations of the dounists. 2.2. That phonetic “feature is typical of ir the Zemgaly Doninians about Saugas, Šilutę: kra.ušęs "pear", krė:kl'i-s "weeping", gritn “collapse”, grd.un ‘griauna’, srū'ub "Sriaubia, srėbia" (Saūgos, Silutés district), kro'k "screaming, crying", village krék'is'k ai, grū.ut'e "breaking down", régl'in't'e "rioglinti" (Šilūtė), but cf. kr'é-kl'in'is ‘verksnys’ (Dovilai, Klaipėda district), gr'é-ve „griovė“, kr'd.ušė“ (Priekulė, Klaipėda district) ir kt The influence of the German language has blurred this feature of the Don language, but the differences remain, clearly visible: the northern schnekts still have in some cases r'o-, r'au-, the o southern almost only ro-, raukt. ir The word suf has no iodic softening. 'p't'i|lsė"r'p't'e ir ‘sucked’ and derived jo from ‘sucked’ Krš, suf'b'iel'ie Drv || sor'b'iel'ičė Pvn, Vk3n, ser'b'I"'i"s Pvn, Vkšn, plg. the same phenomenon Laūkuvos, Vainūto, Pajūrio, Zvifigiy, Vafnių, Viešvėnų, Raudény, even Sedds ir In noun conversations (similar examples can be found S. In the M. dictionary of Juška: A. "kur krauja surba, bus surbūklis" (whose blood surbs, will be a surbuil). This is... < *Siu-* (general language siu-< *sju), although one can still think about ir the analogy su srūbti, srubčidti root ir derived iš from it (plg. sucking, ir rubbing). 3. This pronunciation of r the hard be consonant, doubtless, arose due to the early *in, because, as correctly guesses A. Girdenis, in those dialects, “r/<*rį/ depalatalization could have occurred in a system that was alien to palatalization against anterior vowels” (Girdenis, r 1980. P. 34), therefore iš *griautéi, *"ruukšmautėči, *sūrbtéi the Zemgalls had a į [0 certain inclination to this, cf. the old law of Žemaičių dialektas *tj, *dj>t, d: *jautjei > jdutei|| jaut*ė*, *zūdjai > žuddei "I've been there, I've been there, I've been there". suFbti et ir al. Similarly, it seems, was anticipated a little earlier (Butkayckac 1974, p. 39—40); the current collected more diverse facts of the schnekts, as well as A. Girdenio newer research findings ir and short notes in various other, o ne articles on the problems of r consonant pronunciation only confirm this. 3.1. In the Žemaičių dialects there was a strong analogy, because the words rogsdti, trūšti began to be combined, as we have seen, with the borrowed words krūkis, trūšis (a.k.a. ir ~ , syringe 210 a 2h 1 Es It's like a Ga knife, it's ių L A Re Sr Goose SOEs 0 like a knife, it's ~ like a knife. || "seamstreir ss") sometimes ra-, especially In the i Svéksnos area, pronounced instead of re-: ra'p'l'es "grapples", rap'l'ék'- es "replicas" (Gri-£5: naveckis, 1973, p. 3152); plg. dar kra'psas Krš, Vds, Uzv "bag", krasna Kj, Vds, Vkš 'kresna, spirgas', 'kra's'i Krš || kra's'e Uzv (plg. even in the western Highlands Skn), krat'é.ls Pvn „kretilas- “, truii.ksmas Krš || trė'nksmas Pvn, Užv, Yds,” * i Vkšn ‘scramble’ [solid r ar only it will not appear before an>un on, || this may o indicate a somewh- > at older origin of the phenomenon) etc. ir (Vitkauskas, 1976, p. 148-139). For reasons that are difficult to explain, this rare is incorrect, || because there is variation here: it is often said kAr'ė“s'i ir kr'é's'e, kr'é:t’é.ls. || Sometimes in this case we softly pronounce against r the old bivowel ai, which iSwivels ei: kr'ei.t'is Krš || kr'čit'is Pvn “kraitis”, rei.bul'wt'i Krš ||r'čibol'ū"t'e Pvn "raibuliuoti", kr'ei.ks Krš, Vds || r kr'chik Pvn ‘litter’ (Vitkauskas, 1976. P. 150, 300). It is like an escape from the hard exaggerated pronunciation that r appears to the o representatives of dialects, perhaps here the neighboring dounists (Papilė, ir Judrėnai, Nevarėnai) western highlanders (Šiauliai, Gruzdžiai) manifest themselves. : są influence. a x In the extremities — dar'd.u daridu, var'é.u varidu — was r unhardened for what. TA paradigm screws (Girdenis, 1980, p. 34) ir perhaps here -iau<*eu, where it was not į 2 therefore the ending in its expression did not fit to *rjau-, *riakite-- ir like ancient vapor compounsų ds. 3.2. This older, quite regular ne consonant, now still ir subject to analogy, must be transposed very carefully, keeping the dialect forms authentic. The LKŽ volumes show that linguists have seen the same hardening here as in the Dzūkijos eastern Highlands, ir so that the Žemaičių šnektų krd.ukla' Rain turned into raindrops (LK Ž VI 561), krudksu Krš — krioksiu (LKZ VI 606), krdiikslas (Ludké) daromas kriaukšiu (LKZ VI 564), pagrė.vos'o (Luokė) pagruvusiu — (LKŽ III 624), trenches (Defendan- — ts) demolition (LKŽ III 617), rd.ukčūos (Laūkuva) — ridugės (LKZ XI 512) ir t.t. On the other hand, it is also not appropriate to transpose dounists rau rau- (e.g., Darbėnų r'aušis of be the matter presented as rašysis — LKŽ XI 324) ar pull the į general article Su with a r solid word (e.g., Gruslaukio transposed riaisis found in the article — LKŽ XI 324). This transposition greatly obscures the phenomenon of dialect phonetics, which is important for the history of language. 3.3. It should also be added that the bordering su western Highlands (Šiaulių r. Pakštelių, Rūvelių, Ivdškių other ir villages) the hard one is increasingly r replaced by the soft one, so there you can hear even b'r'd.ut'i's briduties, gr'd.uš't'i ~griduzti, ~ kr'd.ut'i ~kriduti, kr'ūrva kriūva, iš'r'aū.da išriaūdo, ~ net gr'eib'i't'i ~ greibyti gr'ei.p't'i greibti? ~ | iš ~ | ir kt This is the result of dialectal contacts in the narrow border of the schnekt, because the neighboring western Highlanders in this case usually have the soft rpvz. : gr'd.ušt "to chew", gr'd.ut' "to tear", kr'd.ut' "to load", r'oksét' "to squeeze", kr'diizo'l'es "blood herbs", s'r'ūoga "blood", s'r'ūūnus "srauns", b'r'iet'- AR J t Only the vowel of the root of the word mentioned there, a raki'būolas, could ne iš appear as ei, because then it should be pronounced ra'k" i"bd.ls, as ra‘t’i t'i's, rarkal' t.nks, r'e:k'teję etc., cf. ir but In this eastern dialect of Varniškiai, the diphthong ai in the stem remains unchanged. EE a aa sa sis LA Wasi 8 Fy TIARAS kr'ūūnis RC AE et Te UNECE NE 0 ak "wild deer", s'r'ūtas "rutes" etc. ir (Shakina, Šiaulių raj., filol. cand. A. Jonaitytės informacija)®. Outlaws r'úrkt „kumšt“, kr'aū.kšt || kr'ūūkšt, t'r'aū.kšt || t'r'ūūkšt are used in the whole area of the spoken language described here, apparently because of sound imitation. Outlaws in general very often “does not obey” the laws of phonetics, so there are very specific sounds, e.g. tprūs' „cow driving word“ is related to — imitation of sounds, so su there are no influences here. The opposite phenomenon is almost absolute softening in similar cases in most of the mud — dwellers (northern r Žemaitijos) and the very southern mud dwellers (Tauragė, Gaūrė, EfZvilkas, Nemakščiai, Vidūklė, Rasčiniai) snakes is described — in detail V. Grinavecki, ir there is no need to comment here. These Samogitian schnekts have almost no words where the root solid would be sounded in the combinations r rau, ruo<roė<*rū, ro<ru (except the words trūdbėa, trū'kt'ę, trivk'is, ir rūod'i"t'ę and one more). 3.4. In similar cases, r the soft is found in Latvian dialects ir bordering the northern Samogitians su (Grinaveckis, 1973, p. 316). 4. Some examples of rir mixing can be found in r' Prussian: /?/ grenfings greufings; graves-=*grauir z- (Mažiulis, = 1981, p. 174; Tonopos, 1978, c. 302—304), also plg. crausy, crausios ‘pear’ (Child, 1981, p. 281), raples ‘pliers’ (Child, 1981, p. 307), although due to spelling inconsistency random facts ir nothing certain can be said [here maybe ir grauwus "Shon, Seyte" Tonopos, 1978, c. 293—294]. Thus, the Žemaičių forms su r ir r' before au, 0, u, u |-ū| must be transposed as they are pronounced in the speech, because here complex laws of historical phonetics are intertwined, analogy has worked, the influence of dialects of different languages has been manifested. ir That this is not a completely new phenomenon is shown only by ne the Latvian, ir perhaps Prussian language, but by ir the old monuments of our writing: M. The word neu fgrutu used in Mažvydo writings (Mažvydas, 1974, p. 238), plg. still crown S. The word sugruti written in Vaishnava's book (1600) "Margarita Theologica" (Gerullis, 1927, p. 185). A lot of such facts L. Ivinskis (1811—1871), žemaičių nuo In the archives: Ruins LKŽ III rogsoti 681, LKŽ XI 814, ISPL1978, atsiroglinté ten pat, sugrowimas ten pat, sugruwimas ten pat, sugrautas ISPL1979 ir kt., plg. but S. Daukanto krokant B130, krokdama B164 (but to be destroyed) B164), graudamium B197 kt. ir The earlier occurrence of this phenomenon indicates ir jo geography: isogloss of the phenomenon, beginning į east ir į north of Kuršņu, going į north from Raudčnų, Tryškių, twisted į Eigirdžių, Žarčnų side, later going dūnininkų-dounininkų border crossing the donininkų (western Žemaičių) dialect north of ir į Saūgų, claims that the phenomenon could have already formed before Klaipėda region comes under German rule. The spread of the phenomenon, the total area of the su Donians (western Samogitians) with mud dwellers just shows that here *ri<r, when these dialects were not separated by any administrative boundary screws. ir 4.1. Ir at all unclear why į disappeared po r, what were the reasons for the appearance of dialectal variants sufbti siurbti, We can only now ir state that ir 3 Individual facts of iš the place (streams, ir streams, etc.) is submitted (Zinkevičius, 1966, p. 154). show that this substitution of the root surb is exactly in the area where *riau-, = g *riū-, *riu-, *riuo-, *rīdvirto rau-, ro-, ru-, ruo-. i: +8 4.2. The verb Sito is accompanied by the siulpir and sulparallels. In the same way, in most of them, it is pronounced s3/'p't'e Pvn, Vkšn, UZv || sul'.p't'i Krš, Drv, (but also s'¢'l'p't'e Jud" rénai, Rietdvas, Tryškiai, Seda), stl'p's'1'i"t'i Krš || sg.l'p's't'i"t'e Uzv, Pvn, Vkin (but s'0. I'p's't'i"te Tryškiai, Seda, Mažeikiai ir etc. ). Now it is even difficult to say i be 1 what has happened here, which previous root prevailed in the Samogitian language (the Tas dictionaries of general language record mostly sūlpstyti, sulpti, sūlpauti), what was the development of the consonant s here (perhaps this is the softening of the northern Samogitian consonants due to the analogy of čiulpti). The geography of the root is not well known, so in this case everything is hypothetical, because this verb, rarely used in everyday language, accidentally falls into the notes of linguists dialectologists, and therefore is recorded unevenly throughout Lithuania. In Dzūkijos dialects (Druskininkai, Ratny&ia, Kabėliai) sul.pc is heard, but there is a different kind of consonant hardening, not related to the old in. SR Ys Paka) ai Via + I game TL. IS, PEO eg > TE =. Ta al i až aė About pcs of my linen I NS; Yes LKZ Aš B = [S. Daukantas] Budą Senowęs Letuwiu Kalnienu and Žamajtiu iszraszę according to Senowęs Rasztu Taa Jokyb's Laukys, Petropilie, 1845. Drv = Dirvėnėnai, Šiaulių raj. REST fin mr HR ISPL = Iwinski. The Polish-Lithuanian War. [About 1849-1854 years]. SEES a a ol Yidsodis Relmie Tal. Sl LAL EL BAL a są t ją m Viekšnūliai, Tella Sen Se taal oo i iii UR AT TAL. ES ER Apra ir py Ss arr rai so] K RE el Rm amare cer ES A TOURISTIC NMPOM3HOWEHHS TBEPAOTO COTJIACHOTO r BMECTO © MArKOro B XEMAATCKHX FOBOPAX JIHTOBCKOTO f3bIKA gH Ti 59 bik Pesome ad A B NHTOBCKHX rosopax MCMAMATATHIAMMA MSTKOro r HMeeT WIHPOKOe pacmpocTpancHme (y ACTH BOCTOYHAIX AYKINTAHTOB H HEKOTOPAIX IOXHLIX ayKmrraiTos). B xeMaitTCKHX roBOpax H3BeCTHO OTBEPICHME B COYCTAHMNAX *rid, *riau, *riu (3nech BNepBbIe JIaeTCH M3I0rI00ca: JINHAN HAST K BOCTOKY H cenepy or Kypmierait, x cesepy or Paynesmail, Tpamrksi, XKapenait, Xsenapna, [llsexmma, Cayroc, Kypurcgait sams, x tory or Baitsyraca, lllnmane, Kpaxsit x goxomur 10 Turysemait), manp. : krudk smecro nar. martepar. kridkia ‘mmaver, -9yT’, gril'n BMECTO JIHT. JIaTepar, gridna "BartaTCA, -ATCH, MANALT, -IOT', kraūnas BMeCTO JIT. THTEPAT. crayfish ‘wepenox’, crash aMecro noise ‘myn’ H T. m. Takme GaxThl BCTpe4aIOTCA B JATHUNCKMX rosopax, 3aĒOHKCHpOBAHLI B IAaMATHHKAX ITpyCCKOro s3nika. OTBepAcHie MATKOTO MPONIOULTO BCICACTBHE HCYEIHOBCHHMA COITACHOrO į B Bhuncha3IBAHHLIX 3BYKOCOYETAHMAX, YTO OoTrpaxaercs yxe B cownmenusx JI. Mauncxuca (1811 1871), ssixoama H3 aroro xpas. Ha ocHose 3Toro QOHETHIeCKOro 3aKOHA IpOH3HONLICHHC TBEPAOro r B XeMAHTCKMX roBOpax Mo AHAJOrAN MEPEHOCHTCH RH HA 3AMMCTBOBAHHBIC CJIOBAa, HaNp. : shark (B APyrux rosopax Sridbas)'sant', tri'bd (Gmarepar. triūba "TpyGa") x ap. bea, 8 eat Seeh asi EG GR NRE RE B roBopax, KOHTAKTRPYIONMHX C AYKIITAHTCKHM JIMAJIEKTOM (B HEKOTODbix JĮEpeBHAIX OKOJIO Kypmenait) -maGmojjaeTcH NPOM3HONICHHE TIaJIATAJIbHOTO r B YNOMAHYTHIX 3BYKOCOYECTAHMSAX [gr'@n, kr'uok, kr'aū.nas] m naxe B Tex cjryvasx, KOTjia B JIMTEpaTypHOM S3bIKE IPOMIHOCHTCH Teepabiit r: kr'ūrvd, mrTepar. a bunch of "kyva", gr'd.ūš't'į, narTepar. grdužti "Tpbi3TL"' M Ap. oe 3 ai t Father a of Uri RR E OE RN AT IS OK I ON THE PRONUNCIATION OF THE HARD CONSONANT r INSTEAD OF THE A, SOFT ONE IN THE ZEMAICIAI DIALECTS OF THE LITHUANIAN LANGUAGE ¥d | * a kap pe Tak T o ias Mal Sio IE pan RS Aa siais In Lithuanian dialects, depalatalization of the soft r is widely spread (partially in the East Aukštaičiai and some South Aukštaičiai dialects). In the Žemaičiai dialects the hardening in combinations *rįš, *riau, *rju is well known (the isogloss is presented here for the first time: the line goes eastwards and to the north of Kuršėnai, to the north of Raudėnai, Tryškiai, Žarėnai, Šilalė, Kražiai and approaches Tytuvėnai), for example: krudk instead of the standard Lithuanian kridkia "cry-ies- ", grū'n instead of the standard Lithuanian griūna "fall, -s*", kraiinas instead of the standard Lithuanian kriaiinos "handle", rrūkšmas instead of triūkšmas "noise" and so on. Similar facts occur in Latvian dialects, they are also recorded in the Prussian writings. Depalatalization of the soft r appeared as a consequence of the disappearance of the consonant j in the above mentioned sound combinations which is already reflected in the works by L. Ivinskis (1811-1871- ), who by birth is from this region. On the basis of this phonetic law the pronunciation of the hard r in Žemaičių dialects is analogically transferred on loanwords, for example: šrū'ps (in other dialects §rifibas) „screw“, trū'ba (the standard Lithuanian tridbd tue be) and others. In the dialects which are in contact with the Aukštaičiai dialect (in some villages near Kuršėnai) pronunciation of the mentioned sound is observed in combinations (gr'a'n, kr'udk, kr'aii.= nas) and even in such cases when in the standard Lithuanian the hard r is pronounced: kr'ū*vd, the standard Lithuanian krūva heap“, gr'd.ui’t’- j, the standard Lithuanian grduZti gnaw" and gr'd.ui’t’- j. 58 + Pg 18 ho area VE a Sd Air: EC = —LITTERATŪRA daž a nat hee il a! about ABS elio aibių aa tr AT, iau LW ed Cn» E SES at (En Jia oe eS a Kouta ge SY Oa Gerullis J. /par./. Old Lithuanian Readings. K., 1927. Girdenis A. Dzoking of the Žemaites: current situation and history //Baltistica. 1980. T. 16. sas. 1. on Bt bad LL en I A inaveckis V. The history of the Žemaičių dialects. V., 1973. ru Gros ko Aa En P Na Mažiulis V. Prussian language monuments. V., 1981. T. 2. arka i RY Me T Mažvydas M. The first Lithuanian book. V., 1974. Urbanavičiūtė Z. Hard and soft consonants in Lithuanian literary language and dialects //Baltistica. 1970. T. 6, No. 2. P. 61-65. Urbanavičiūtė Ž. The hardening of prefixes in Lithuanian dialects //Kalbotyra. 1971. T. 23, su. A Dictionary of the North-East Moorish Dialects. V., 1976. Vadim akiai dise sitų Zinkevičius Z. Lithuanian dialectology. V., 1966. x Burkayckac B. -A. H. MopdodoremaTiieckie JmaJiekTH3MBI B FOBOPAX KeMAHTOB JIYKHHHHKOB I | Abroped. amc... kan. oizo. nayx. Bumuiroc, 1974. 3umshiwioc 3. K ucropuxu rajiaTajim3aliuX cornacHeix B ŠČajrniicKux s3LIKAX || Latvian PSR | Journal of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Riga, 1973. T. 4, P. 93-97. Tonopos B. H. INpyccxuii s351x. E-H. M., 1979. Sie Pita