Лексическая диффузия

LIETUVIU KALBOTYROS KLAUSIMAI, XXVIII (1989) KALBU RYSIAI IR SAVEIKOS BAYECIIAB MAMJIOBM4MX MAHBKMH JIEKCHYEC- KAA IMOoy3nA Camo nous T e ,,MexHayMoHambHoe oGmeHHe cTpyKType B OOmlecTBeHHEIX OTHOMIeHHM, XapaKTePHBIX JIA COCKOTOBET MHOFOHAlMOHAaJIbHO O o6mec Ba, BEICTYNaeT Kak CONMOJHTBHCTHYeCKad KaTe opua. MexHa MoHambHoe o6uleHHe — HeOOXOJMMOe YCOBHe yKpeleHHA HW pasBUTHA MPOYHOFO SKOHOMMMECKOTO Co}O3a COCKHX pecnyOMK, OCyUeCTBIeHHABET SKOHOMMYCCKHX, MOMMTHYCCKHX, COMMadIb- HO-OBITOBBIX, KYbTYPHBIX H [py ux cBa3eli MexAy HallMAMH HM HapOAHOCTSAMH c paHb . STH CBaA3H IpHHMaIOT XTepapak MHTCHCHBHOTO B3aMMoelicTBHA u Oby- COMBAIOT WHTeHCMBHOCTh Mx@KHAIMOHAaBHOTO OOMIeHHA. Vu encusHoc b MexkHallMoHasIbHO O OOMIeHHA H COMPOBOXTa ollMe Ce IIpOLeccel MHTepHANMOHATM3ZAaNMH SPUMBI Ce OMHA BO BCEX OONACTAX KUSH COCKHXBET JIKOnei npou3BozcTBeHHOH, O6ulecTBeHHO-NOMTHYeCKOH, — HAay4HOH, XyO%KecTBeH- HOM, (bu3KybTypHO-c lopTHBHOH, TypucTu4eckoli HT. 0. WHTeHCHBHOCTh MexKHa- TMOHANBHOTO OOMIeHHA, B KAKO ObI OOZaCTH OHO HH OCyIeCTBIANOCb, BIPAKAcTCA npexie Bce o B YOTHEHHHNN HEMOCPeACTBEHHEIX ASHIKOBBIX KOHTAKTOB MO@KIY A3bIKOM MexKhalMOHaIbHOTO OOMeHHA — PYCCKHM HM A3bIKAMH Hal{MOHAJIb~ ypmmn. Ho uemoneyeckoe O6leHHe KaK TAKOBOE H, pa3yMeeTcsa, OOWeHHe MexKHAallHO- HaybHOe, B KOHEYHOM Ce¥Te OCyIeCTBJIAeTCA Yepe3 JHUBIe (BepHEe, SIH4HOCTHEIC) OTHOWeHHA jomel, CBA3AHHbIX HeMOCpeACTBCHHBIMH KOHTAaKTaMH. B cnyyae MexXHANHOHaNbHO O akTa pe eBoli KOMMYHHKalMH, Ha KaKOM ObI A3BIKe OHO HH OcylecTBIAIOCh, Nepey| HAMM Ba YeMOBeKA pasHOH HALMOHANBHOCTH, C pasiHa- HBIMH, CCIM Tak MOxHO BbIPa3sHTbCA, CieludMyecKHMH YepTaMH HalMO HaTbHO O XapakTepa, HOCHTE/IM pa3HBIX A3BIKOB, TICHXOOFHii, KYJIbTYP, Tpanwunl wT. 2. Vn epnanuonann3anua coseTcKo o o6pa3a 2KH3HM OTHIOZb He Mpeqmoma ac Yc¥e3HOBeHHA HanMOHabHO-c emmusecko o. B cse e ysenus B. VW. Jlenmxa, HA- TepHAal|MOHAJIbHOe He eCTb be3HalHOHAMbHOE. Cose cxue busocodpi H commomO H OTMe4AIOT, UTO ,,HTePHAL|MOHAH3AaIMA He TOJIbKO He BeeT K HHEMIHPOBKe BCCX aTpHOyTOB HalMOHAJIBHOTO, K JIMKBH Lal MCTOPHYCCKH COXKHBIIAXCH opM 2kH3- He esATebHOCTH TOTO HH HHOTO Haposla, e o Mpo peccHBHEIX OIaObes H TpalH- Hii, HO, HaNpoTMB, packpeMomlaeT BCe MOTEHI[MH HallMH, CO3TaeT HeOOXOAHMBICe YCHOBMA [JIA BCECTOPOHHETO MpOABJICHHA HalMoHanbHo o~ (cM. : MnTepHauHoHalb- Hoe M HallHOHasIbHOe B COMMAsIMCTH4eCKOM O6pa3e 2%KH3HH COCKO OBET Hapowa 1985, 191), 4 o ,,mpouecc HHTepHalHOHaTH3alMH 6mmuc sa cibepomb 2%XH3HH Hallle o oGulec Ba compoBoxsaeTcA POCTOM Hal{MOHaJIbHOTO camocosHanHua* (Bpomiei 153 3) 1987, Ha OCHOBe 9KOHOM- HM¥eCK- OTO, COlMasIb- HOTO HW KYJIbTY- pHOTO Upo pecca COCKHX HalliBET. j YnuIOTHeHe HeMOCpeAC- TBeHHEIX A3BIKOB MpbIX KOHTAKTOB IPH MHMPHCHCH- CHBHOCTHO- weB MexkHAAHM- OHAIbHOTO OOMWeHHA B COBpeMeHH- BIi NepHHON cbyHkuMOpO- BaBaHHA PYCCKOTO A3bI CTHMYJYET HTCHCHBHO- CTBO NPHHHHHHHA JIEPKCHCHC- HC BXHLH B PycKKUHHIT peasM3MM yHHEHEHE HaHaHaHaHa- HaAl{HAHAH- OO OTOO OTOOOIHHUA- H. Ha6m oneHua Hay MpolleccaMp- OHHKHEBeEH- HA JICKCHYeCK- HX/HIMH H3 HaI{MOHAJIB- HBIX ABLIKOB B PYCCKHii Ha YOHPOBHE MexHAIMATb- HOTO OOWIeHHA NpHBeIM Hac K K BBIBONY O HasIM4HH B Ka2KOM 3 KTAYIOIXU C PYCCKKKHM KO A3bHPOB OPEAEEHHO- TO Tac TacBoeoO3H- oli (TaHHHOMBA- KKKKH, YOHCHAPAD- XT yHIMO-YPTO- TOK eK) HMPOBa- Tb B PYCCKOM A3bIKe, OCTABA- ACh BHe CFO CHCTEM- BI, BbICTYN- as B TO *Ke BpeMA B Ka eCTBe A3bIKOBO- TO CpeCTBa BbIPaKeH- HA HAaUMOH- ANbHO O KONOpHTa. Jey1o JeKCHKY MBI Ha3bipaeM AH@dPy3H- OHHOL, a caM Mpouecc ee NPOHMKH- OBeHHA B PYCCKHMi A3bIK IPH HHTCHCH- BHOCTH MexMOKH- AUHAUJIb- HOTO OOHHAWe M yOIOTHEH S3bOBBIX KOHIKTAK- TOB HallHOIKHAbHBIX ASB CPOJIBYCCKUM eKcHYEC Naked Takko- 3 (No aHano - HH MpuMeH- eHuA 9TO O TepMHHa B (bu3HKeu- ei). B kHu e AiiGexa Bemukuii my h (M., TombKo Ha 60 c. o6Hapyxe- Ho 150 yudbdy3H- oHHEIx y36eKCK- HX JIeKceM: 6eiimb aBycTMU- IMA, Haceaii KeBaTeN- bHbIi Tabak, 1980 munMdxX- dua MyXKcKai ToyOBHH- aMa‘, canyk ‘yKpallle- We U3 YePHPHBI TOJBIXXICT Ie€JIKOBB- IX HUTeli c cepe6paH- bimn G6y6eHam- MH H GaxpoMoii Ha KOHaX HT. ZT. Bec u nos Il. Beiamena- mmesa,,K- e man (M., 1959) Ha 175 c. 6onee 150 cnyyaes yno pe6ne- nua uddy3HOH- HEIX KMp H3CK- HX cuoB: Tysnap ‘cKka304H- bIli KOHb, Mmoado MysIs1a, HTXOBHOe HyO, cazadac i (ackoBoe O6pallieH e K eTAM) MU. 11. Apienue Wupy3Hn MoOxKHO HaOsION- aTb B JKOOOM pyCCKOM TeKCTe, OPHeHTH- pPOBAaH- HOM Ha u300paxk- eHHe HAaNMO- HANbHO uM 3apy6ex- Ho cneyKuu- pu. Hanp., B o epxe B. Kopo uya (O onex. 1987, Ne 35) oxon0 30 gucbdy3- HonHeIx KuTalicK- Hx sJeKcem: yeyx 3uMHuii oBopen, my ‘n.~0,14 a, wane neHexHas eaMUAH- Ma, maomai Hanu ox wT. 4. B o4epxe A. Boposux- a,,Bc pe- umca y Tpex 2ypassel- i< (O onex. 1987, Ne 30) axxe Hanmyec By- eT Gombiloce KOMMYeCTBO Audiby3HOHHE- IX ad aHckux jIexcem Tuna Xeap pexa, modoaxed IpoBOAHUK HT. 1, a Take ZuCPY3HOHHE- IX CJIOB, KOTOPbIe OCBOCHEI PYCCKUM A3KIKOM M KBajMMUMpyI- OTCA Kak 3aMMCTBOBA- HHBIe KUUMaK, Cypda, Yadpa, Myana HM Tp. Hammune B pyccKoli pedw JeKcHY¥ecK- HX e2MHMI Apy o o A3bIKa Tak WM HHaYe OOBACHACTCA A3KIKOBbIMM KOHTAKTaMH, MIpAMBIMH (HeMOCpexCTBeHHBIMH) JI KOCBeHHBIMH (OnocpeqoBaHHbIMu). Ho B TOM UM Apy oM culy4¥ae TIpOHHKHOBeHHe JIEKCHYECKUX CIMHMIL U3 KOHTAKTHpyIOUle O AZbIKa OCYUIeECTBIAeTCA He CaMO cebe, 110 MocpezcTBoM a oGula omlmxca Mexay coboi mozeli, MpoxoAMT Yepe3 TBOpweC- cKOe CO3HAHHe JM4HOCTH ABYA3bIY- HO O MMcaTeIA, *KYpHAIM- CTa, NepeBowuuKa (4M T1pocTo 4OYeBeKa, B KaKOli-TO Mepe 3HAKOMOFO CO BTOPBIM A3bIKOM). TiponukHosenue, pasymeeTcs, He O3HAYAeT 3aKpenIeCHHA HOBBIX JeKCeM B KOH- TAaKTHPYIOWeM A3bIKE, B CTO JIeKCHYeCKON CUCTeMe HM CiIOBape — ObuleynoTpebu- TeIbHOM JekcHKoHe. JIA TaKo o 3aKpenNeHHA HEOOXOAMMbI W3BECTHBIC ycOBUA, peasIbHad NOTpeOHOCTS HOMMHAUHH, OLyLaeMan OeCTBEHGIHOM A3EIKOBOM Mmpak- THKOM, HasIM4He B JIECKCHKO-CeMaHTHYecKOil CHCTeMe JaKYHHO WIM BbICBOOOAUB- 154 weiica A4eiiKH, TOTOBOM BMCCTHTb HobbIe 3HAaYeHHA, HOBOE TOHATHE, HOBY!O AIA 3aMMCTBYIOWe o A3bIKA MHCOpMAaLiO. Bunuu s He cnyyai Ho mpuGe aeT K MCHOsIb3OBaHHIO B pycckol pe4H cuIOB CBoe- TO POMHO O A3bIKa, OH Kak ObI 3AMMCTBYeT H3 POAHOTO ASBIKA .,Te NOHATHA HIM HX OTTeHKH, TY OKpacky, HaKOHeL, KOTOpble KaxKyTCA eMy HeEOOXOAMMBbI 110 Kakoiinu- 6o mpuunne (Iep6a 1974, 69). Cxaxem, mpu ynoTpe6seHHu BYASbIMHbIM y36eKOM B pycCKOi pas oBOpHOii pe4H TAKUX COB POAHOTO ASBIKA, Kak wai man, ad ipe, dacmapxan, Mamypoocan, xon!, 13bIkKOBaA HYHT HUA mlOACKa3bIBaeT eMy, 4TO OHM He COBCeEM TOXKNCCTBCHHBI PYCCKUM: epm, XO1MbI, ckamepmb (cmoa), Mamypouu , sadno (xopowo)! Cocyniec By oulme B COSHaHH 6unMHTBa jiBe NOHATHMHO-CH HUpHKATHBHBIe CeMacHOsO HYecKHe CHCTeMbI ABYX A3bIKOB B mpouecce meKcu4eckoii auysHu Kak Obl ypaBHOBeLIMBAaIOTCA, BbipaBHUBa oTca, MBICIb H HaXOHT a leKBaTHOe ClOBeCHOe BbIpPAaxKeHHe. O6unbuan anbdy- 3H B CHOHTAHHOM pyccKO pew ABYA3bIYHO O HAaCeJICHHA MOXKET 6niTh O6bAC- HeHa HM S3KIKOBBIM JeHIHTOM, HeOCTaTOYHBIM OGbEMOM PYCCKOFO JIeKCHKOHA y JIM HepyCCKOH HalMOHAbHOCTH, He3HAHHeM TOYHOFO 3¥HaeHHA TO O HIM HHOpycc- o ko o cyopa (,,koTOpoe BepTHTCA Ha sa3bike), O6ycMOBIeHa MPHIIMIOM 9KOHOMHH A3bIKOBbIX CpeCTB. B pesysb a e slexcu4eckoii audby3HH B seKCHKy PyCCKO O A3bIKa Ha YPOBHe MeXHalMOHAIbHOTO OOMICHHA NPOHUKaeT O pOMHOE KOJIMYeCTBO TaK Ha3. pe Ho- HaIbHO- HM JIOKaIbHOMapKMpOBaHHO seKCHKH, OOJIbIMHCTBO CAMHHIL KoTopoii ocTaeTcCd HeH3BeCTHBIM pyccKOMy OOleNHTepaTypHOMY A3bIKy. 3a mocnemHee JTHsIeTHeeca B OTeYeCTBEHHOM A3bIKO3HAHHU MOABHJIMCh HHTCpec- Hble TPYbI, B KOTOPbIX JeslaeTCA MONbITKA COOpaTh MO OTACbHBIM ASBIKOBBIM pe HoHaM Takylo Aupy3HOHHY!0 JIeKCHKy B cBoeo6pa3Hble yioccapHl, CIMCKH, cnopapu (cm. : Tanbuenxo, 1975: Hasapos, 1984). Pa3ymee ca, pe ucTpalua audby3HOHHOH seKCHKH, H3y¥eHHe BOMpocoB ee (byHKUMOHMpOBaHMA, BbIABICHHe KOHHOTATHBHOM cnenm KH — BaxKHOe 3BCHO B ccHenOBaHHM Mpo6sIeM sASIKOBEIX KOHTAKTOB H IIpOleccoB B3aMMOBIHAHHA Hi B3aHMOObo allleHHsA A3BIKOB Hapozos CCCP, mu epa yp M KyJIbTyp. Tudysnon- Ha JIeKCHKa 3ak1o4ae B cede HHOPMALMIO O HallMOHAIbHO-CheuMPH4eCKOM KY JIb- TYPHOM HacyleqHM To o MIM MHOTO Hapoa Hal ed MHOFOHalHOHaJIbHOW CTpaHbl, HOMO aeT BBICHBETTh PeTPOCHeKTHBHBIT B3 IAT Ha HCTOPHIO OoubLIOTO H MaJIO- TO Hapola H OOLEKTHBHO OLeHHTh COMMAIIMCTHYECKOe lepeycTpoiicTBO e o 2kH3HH. Y swu esuc os HeT MOKa MOCTATOYHBIX OCHOBAHHM CHHTAaTh TaKHe auddy3Hou- HBIe COBa, Kak, Hamp. yoma, dapea, mupad, MupanuT- M, as2anbl, KOcbl (kacei) 4 MHOXeCTBO JPy HX 3aMMCTBOBaHHAMH, Beb OHH He OTBeYaIOT TeM MapaMeTpaM, TIpu3HakaM, KOTOpbIe YYCHBIe BBIABHFAIOT B KAYeCTBe JIMHTBUCTHYECKOTO ,,M@Hi1a- a Ha MpH3HaHHe HX COCTaBHO YacTbIO pyccKO O JIHTepaTypHO o JIeKCHKOHa (cm. : Kpsicun 1968, 49; Jenucos 1980, 108). TepMH#H 9K30TH3M IIpHMeHHTesIbHO K Takoii jeKCHKe MBHO yCTapeN, Tak KaK KBaMHKAUMA ,,9K3OTHYCCKAA jekcuka HCHOMb3OBAaNACb B MIPOULIOM, Ko ga peasbHad AeliCTBHTeIbHOCTh HepyCCKUX Hapogos, BxoAMBUIHX cocTas B Poccuu (6bIT, TpanunAn, KyJIbTypa), BOCIPHUMasIach 3 ce WeHTpa CKBO3b POMAHTHYeCKyIO IPH3My Kak HedTO WaleKOe H AHKOBHHHOC. 155 Bosbumuc so aud by3MoHHbix jeKceM He 3aKsHOYaIOT B CeGe NOTeHIMH CTAaTE 3AHMMCTBOBAHHAMH, XOTA OHH H Mpeda a oT ceOa pyccKoi eKcHyecKo cucTeMe; 4TOOBI CTaTb 3AMMCTBOBaHHEM, COBO OIDKHO OFITB He TOKO NHHTBUCTHYeCKH a2anTHpOBaHHBIM, HO H aCCHMHJIMpOBaHO MICHXOJIO HYeCKM PyCCKHM s3bIKOBLIM cosHaHHeM. SToT (Tbak No_TBepxKAaeTcA TeM OOCTOATeENBCTBOM, YTO MHOTHe 13 Au py3HOHHEIX seKceM, HeCMOTps Ha HeKOTOpy o anlanTalu o, cKaxKem, pacem- HO~POHOMOTM4eCKyIO, He OTBeYaIOT MIpH3Haky pe yiapHoc a pamMMaTHyecknx 3HaYeHH (OCHOBHOMY MIpH3Haky KaTe opuasbHOcTH) (cM. : Cynpyn 1975, 10) u Pe YAAPHOCTH B JIeKCHKe, MposBIAKOUelicA KAK B JIEKCHKO-CeMaHTHYeCKOi ciepe, Tak H Ha CeMaHTHKO-lapagqHTMaTH4eckoM yposHe (meen 1966, 10, 11). Luddy- 3HOHBIC CIOBa (MOJHOCTbIO He OCBOeHHEI€ PyCCKHM s3bIKOM) xapakTepH3y loTos napaqM MaTH4eckoli HeOnpeslesIeHHOCTbIO, 3ABHCHMOCTBIO OT KOHTeKCTA; c TpaMMa- THH€CKOH TOYKH 3PCHHA, OT TAKUX CJIOB-CyM[eCTBUTeNBHLIX, Kak TmpaBusio, oBopslle MO-pycckKH He OOpa3y!oT YMeHBIIMTebHbIe CyMIECTBUTeNbHBIC, YTO ABIIAeTCA O2HHM M3 IpH3HaKOB pe yJIApHOCTH MT. TL. B pycckos3p Hoi xyqoxecTBeHHOI wMTepa ype HalMOHAaJIbHBIX aBTOpOB, Take a B PYCCKOA3BIYHOH NYOMMIMCTHKe, B Apy Hx JMTepaTypHEIX KaHpax (Hay4Ho- NONY. AAPHBI O4ePK, NYTeBbIe 3AMCTKH H T. T1. ), TeMaTHYeCKH c enHabHO opHeHTu- POBAHHEIX Ha ONMCaH e KUSH H ObITa TOTO uM MHOFO 9THO padH4uecko o pe no- Ha CTpaubl, Kaxkad eqMHMMa NeKcM4ecko o Ha6opa Audy3sHoHHO!i WeKcuKH — KaK PeSYIbTAT HENOCPEACTBCHHBIX AZBIKOBbIX KOHTAKTOB (QBYA3IUHEIH aBTOp) HH OmocpeOBaHHO (Bozepe4HK) — He TOKO CHYXKHT A3bIKOBLIM CpeCTBOM BBIpaxe- HHA HAMOHAIbHOTO KONOPHTa, HO M Kak ObI NpesCTAaBNAeT MHTepeceI CBOeTO PoL- HOFO A3bIKa, T. €. 3HAKOMHT COCKOTOBET YTeIA C TEMH HAlMOHAIbHBIMH CnoOBa- MH, KOTOpbIe HaMOosee OTYETIMBO BEIPAxKAIOT ,, yx A3bIKa, MOM4epKUBAaIOT e o HapOAHY!0 OCHOBY, HHBIMH CJIOBaMH, BEITOJHAIOT B PYCCKOM A3bIKe MeTAJIMHTBHCTH- yeckyi0 (YHKUHIO posHo o s3BIKa. J[ndpy3snonneie seKcu4ecKne eHHHUbI O6sa- AaOT PANOM CHleuMpu4eCKUX YepT: yNoTpeOsMeHHBIe B PyCcCKOM KOHTeKCTe, OHH T6peyioT ompenenenHbix cnocoG6os cemaHTu3alMH — MOcpescCTBOM aBTOpCKHXx PeMapoK, TOKOBaHAH Ip MOMOUIM pyccKHX CoB HT. 1. (Cp. : Kapanapom, mo ecm 4epHbIM HapOM OH npo3sbi6aAcA Hecnpocma. — 4. Aii mMaTos. Bypanus i nomyc a- Hox). Judy3HonHpie meKcempl, yno pe6neHHEIe B PyCCKOM TeKcTe, BXOZAT B KOHKPeTHBIe COYCTACMOCTHBIC OTHOMCHAA NO IpH3HAaKy CeeKTHBHOCTH C pyccKH- MH CJIOBAMH, HalIp. : 3uHdaHbl TeEMHBIe, KOWMA MSTKAK, CayKase BEICOKUIi, doica i- Asay TOPHBIli, KeHe- eKe YepHbIi HT. 0., OO3ya yc owumBbie c oBocoyeTaHHA (uxcupyemble y pasnH4HEIX AByA3bEHHEIX ABTOB, B Ppa3sIM4HbIX MPOH3BeNeHUAX). Alys onnas nekcuka xapubbak Tepu3yeTca OHM BaXKHBIM ToKa3aTenem — ona TPaH3HTHa. BKpanMBadch B pyCCKM WMTepaTypHbI TeKcT KaK HexonOOMMoe, a nopoi aBHO u u36sITOUHOe CpeacTBo Maynepen HalMoHasIbHO-cneuMuyecKko o, OHa He 3a[epxKUBaeTCA/ B AKTHBHOM CJBaIOPHOM cocTaBe,,,lleHTpe B pyccKo o o6mleyno pe6u embHo o seKcuKoHa, BO3BpalllaeTcaA a B KOHTAKTHY!O cpeay wun HenOCpeCTBCHHO B ,,1aMATb PONTO sA3bIKa (HALMOHANbHbIC JeKcHYecKHe ap- XaM3MBi). 156 Vccneyosanne mpo6seme slexcuyeckoii audy3HH pH KOHTAKTHpOBaHHH pycckO o s3bIKa C A3bIKaMH Hapogos CCCP BecbMa uesecooOpa3Ho HM akTyaJIbHO, Tak Kak JTlae HecseMOBaTesO KJOU K pa3zpellleHMso eToTO pa a MpoOseM, cyllecTBeH- HBIX [IX TEOPHH PyCCKO O ABbIKA KAK Cpe CTBA Me2KHALMOHAJIbHOTO o6m eHua. JIATEPATYPA Bpomaei 10. Ha wonambubie mpo eccs B CCCP: aoc uxenua w mpo6smeme // Mpapga. 1987. 13 exp. Taasuenxo H. E. Pnoccapui nexcuku a3b1KkoB HapowoB CesepHo o Kapxa3a B pyCCKOM s3bIxe. OpmxonuKuse, 1975. J euucos I. H. JIexcuxa pyccko o #3bika M MpHIAMIbI €¢ OMHCAHHA, M., Viu epnaunonasbuoe 1980. M HaunoHasbHoe B COMMasIMCTHYeCKOM oGpa3se KH3HH COBeTCKOTO wapona. M., 1985. Kpsicun JI. HW. Wnossp anpie copa B PyCCKOM A3bIKe. M., 1968. Has3apos O. Typxmexckue cosa B PyCCKOM ASBIKe. Aumxa6an, 1984. Cynpyn A. E. Jlexcnueckaa cucTema a MeTObI Ce H3y4eHAA // Me op w3y4eHHs JeKCHKH. Muuck, 1975. Imenes JI. H. JIexcuxko-cemanTuyeckHe H3MCHeHHA B COBPe¢MCHHOM pycckoM s3biKe // PAHIM, 1966. N 3. Dlep6a JI. B. O noxa un cMemIcHHA A3bIKOB /[ WepG6a JI. B. Aspikopaa cuc ema # GogBaa qea embHoc s. M., 1974.