„Lygutė“, o ne „ligutė“

(1805-1889- ). This fact alone cannot prove that the word falstnik is a novelty of L. Ivinski. The term striekis (p. 229) is not a novelty either. It is Germanism. The monograph correctly reproaches L. Ivinskis that, in translating Robinson Crusoe, he “unsuccessfully formed the genders of some words, e.g.: ispanczikas, brazilaziki” (p. 229). In this case, the language is not considered to be a language, but rather to be a language-type. In some places, correction errors have not been avoided when presenting the Latin botanical terms used by L. Ivinski, e.g.: „Wilkuoge juodoje. 221) "A.S. 221" (PDF). "A.S. 221" (PDF). Agraricus (= Agaricus —KG) muscarius" (p. 221) "Skujej, ne lapaj spruglu, puszun ir jadagiun. Folia (= Folia —KG) occulares (= acicularis —KG)“ (p. 221) and others. If these are errors of L. Ivinski, they should have been discussed in the footnotes. The terms used by the author herself are also not always accurate, e.g.: “In the translation L. Ivinskis incorrectly used the prefix nu: in compound words he wrote the hypernormalism from instead of it”. (p. 223). Su prepositional words cannot be called either compound or compounded. In another place it is written: “The dialect is confirmed by the sound n[...] preserved in nasal forms” (p. 222). There is no definition of the term "nasal form". All these are all sorts of trifles, small mistakes. However, since there are not one or two such details in the monograph, but a whole handful, one will or will not begin to doubt the professionalism of the linguistic analysis of L. Ivinski’s texts. One more reproach can be made to the content of the monograph. For example, the first chapter is called “The Way of Life.” But after all, the work of a teacher or work in Kaunas is also a path of life. The monograph is accompanied by a bibliographical index of works, articles and messages published in L. Ivinski calendars, but we are missing the index of names and the list of illustrations usually included in such monographs. By highlighting the small shortcomings of the reviewed monograph, we do not mean that the forest is not visible through the trees. The forest here is clearly visible and pleasing to the eye. The work done by D. Petkevičiūtė deserves good words. In the words of the Roman playwright Publius Terentius, pro captu lectoris habent sua fata libelli, i.e. the fate of books depends on the reader’s judgment. We believe that this book will have a favourable fate, because it is honestly written and of a good scientific level. Kazimieras Gaivenis LYGUTĖ, O NE LIGUTĖ Pasak lietuvių ornitologijos autoriteto Tado Ivanausko, vieversių šeimoje (Alaudidae), be žinomiausio laukų —dirvinio vieversio, arba vyturio (Alauda arvensis) LPV 134, LP III 167, miesto —kuoduotojo vieversio, arba sąšlavukės (Galerida cristata; TLE IV crictata yra korektūros klaida) LPV 135, LP III 173 (kitaip dar kuodys), pas mus labai reto (daugiausia Kuršių nerijoje) raguotojo (latv. ausainais—ausytasis) vieversio (Eremophila alpestris) LPV 135, LP III 175, yra ir ketvirta rūšis —sausų, smėlėtų dirvų (nemėgsta Suvalkijos derlingų laukų, Klaipėdos krašto), sausų pamiškių, pušynų, viržynų, kirtimų lakūnė Lullula LJ 183 arborea, lietuviškai net T. Ivanausko pateikiama kaskart kitaip: ligutė LPV 134, ligutė, arba miškinis vieversys LP III 176, miškinis vieversys, arba liguté PP 232, nors jo kapitaliniame veikale „Lietuvos paukščiai“ sakoma: „Ligutė yra tikras vieversys“ (LP III 176). On the contrary, S. Mastauskis distinguishes: „This family [of woodpeckers — J. K.] in Lithuania includes the woodpecker (Lullula arborea L.) and woodpeckers“ (TZ 536). There are now 3 recognized species (TLE IV), and the liger TLE II is considered an independent species (as if 2 genera of this family, although this taxon, mentioned in LP I 94, 96, 210, is not used in ornithology). Thus, the synonym forest sparrow (DZ, lygutė "little tree of the sparrow family singing bird, forest sparrow- ") becomes inappropriate (but the interpretation "forest sparrow, smaller than soil sparrow" DZ, is appropriate). However, let us leave the systematic concern to the specialists. This bird, which “swings on the ground like a mouse”, whose “flight is very light”, who “in pure as if silver tones” (LP III 178) “proclaims its charming song liu-liu-liu... Tiuli-liuli-liuli...” (ibid., 177), still searching for the true form of his name. T. Ivanauskas and S. Mastauskis wrote ligutė, this form is used by V. Logminas (p. 122). Our 3 encyclopedias were swayed: MLTE II 792, III 748 —liguté, LTE VII 24, XII 238 —lygutė, TLE II 609 —again ligutė… Even the Boston encyclopedia did not survive, but eventually turned to the better: LE XVI 187 —lygutė, LE XXXIV 48 —ligutė, and in the most recently published Lithuanian volume XV 53—again lygutė! We, linguists, acknowledge T. Ivanauskas’s merits in terminology, respect him for the accuracy of language and the beauty of restraint, the harmony of these characteristics (this can be experienced even from these brief excerpts). However, we must arrange the matters of spelling according to the principles of language, and here we must depend solely on them. The spelling of the root vowel depends on the origin of the word. In the LKŽ VII, the word „lygutė“ is accompanied by a two-line song from the area of Adutiškis: Lygame lauke lygutės lyguoja, visame sviete siratos verkuoja. It is similar to the verb lyginti 2. "sing". This word [1. „spėti lyklygu (such a children- ’s game with nuts, candies...- )“ is actually not another meaning, but another word — a homonym] is also given from A. Juška’s dictionary (J I 286) and MTt VI 167 (A. R. Niemi. Lietuvos liaudies dainų tyrinėjimai), and the source of both will have been A. Jakšto’s „Žinyčia“ (1900 2 61). J I 286 gives the following order of synonyms of the word singing: sing, traldaruoti, lyguoti, ūksėti, augti, talanduoti, tvaskuoti; 1. to throw, to throw, to throw, to throw, to throw, to throw, to throw, to throw, to throw, to throw, to throw, to throw, to throw, to throw, to throw, to throw, to throw, to throw, to throw, to throw, to throw, to throw, to throw, to throw, to throw, to throw, to throw, to throw, to throw, to throw MTt differs slightly in order and variants, added also surguoti, zurguoti, ruūkti, valiuti, and in the footnote of the translator A. Sabaliauskas and raliuoti, ridyti — so about 30 words [in A. Lyberis’ “Synonyms Dictionary” (1980) sung synonyms are only 2 — giedoti, wedoti in dialect, although speaking — about 250 (1.5 p.)!]. So, to sing is "to sing, to sing, to sing". If the length of the Adutiškio voice seems uncertain, it is indisputably shown by the song of the Višakio Rūda area: Tolei kukavo, tolei lygavo, pakolei iškukavo tėvo dukrelę. It is not surprising that the verb lyguoti is only from songs, nor is it necessary to think that it may even come from lygutė. E. Frenkelis, without etymologizing the word lygutė, the word lyguoti v 184 the meaning gives a broader one —„to rejoice with a voice (vor Freude aufjauchzen)“ and compares it with lat. liguét "to sing, to rejoice, to sing Joninių songs, to celebrate Jonines", /igud, ligū FrnW. This also explains the motivation of the equal. In the numerous studies of Lithuanian word formation, /ygutés does not occur, but it is clear that it is a derivative of the suffix -utis, -¢ of the possessors of the subject or verb characteristic, cf.: blizgutis, drebučiai, klausutis, sagutis, šokutė, „frogė šoklė“, traukutis, žibutė. It is very characteristic: “Such vedic verbs are made from various (usually non-prepositional) verbs, which according to their meaning are especially often sonorous” (V. Urbutis, —LKG I 324): barškutis, braškutis, čiauškutis, dudutis, gaudutis „ūžlė, vilkutis®, kaukutis „vilkutis, sukutis“, kukutis, šlamutis, šnekutis, tarškutis, traškučiai, tututis, Zvangutis. So here the names of plants and birds catch the eye. And P. Skardžius, without classifying the means of making into types, notes the names of birds and their often “onomatopoetic making” (ŽD 363): budutis, dudutis, liputis, lukutis, luputis, mikutis, slukutis, takutis, tikutis, tututis, uputis. There are so many of them that I just get on my tongue not yet mentioned, but very heard cekutis, lakštutė, lututė. There is no doubt about the shape of the equal. By the way, in the dictionaries there was always lyguté —RZ, DZ,, DZ,, LRKZ, Ser, BZ 137, BZ 1242, II 607 (lygutis! —nowhere else known form), R—LKZ I 548, IV 668, L—LYV. Only the A. Lyber oscillation stands out: L— RKZ, —lyguté, L—RKZ, —liguté (and woodland otter —as BZ II 607...) and J. Balkevičius and J. Kabelka’s silence —L—LKZ 136 is just an outdated forest otter. A lesson for the future — perhaps it would have been clear and gino long ago, the inequality would have been eliminated, if the DZ next to the equal would be also equalized, and that sentence of the song. And “Lithuanian spelling and punctuation”, the teaching spelling dictionaries should handle and place such words with the utmost care. Not at all! As early as 1970 K. Gaivenis clarified the name of the bird Oenanthe oenanthe of the strawbird family as kūltupys, kūltupis (LKK XII 193). Fixed DZ, L—RKZ,, L—RKZ,, R—LKZ II 13, TLE II 426 —chosen a more convenient option kiiltupis. RZ was a cliffhanger. The variants were confused by LTE VI 244 —kiltups, but kiltups... and Lp 141, L—LKZ 138 left a kiltup (as LPV 154, LP III 309, PP 263, MLTE II 792, LE XIII 324, L—LV). It is a MRKZ. But in the academic work of the LKRS —néra... ABBREVIATIONS BZ —Baronas J. Rusų lietuvių žodynas. K., 1932. —Rusy—lietuviy kalbų žodynas /Compiled by V. Baronas, V. Galinis. V., 1967. T. 1—2. DŽ —Dictionary of current Lithuanian language: DŽ,. V., 1954; D., 1954. V., 1972; DŽ, V., FrnW —Fraenkel E. 1993, Lithuanian etymological dictionary. Gottingen, 1955— 1965. Bd. 1-2. Boston: Boston University Press, 1958. T. 13; 1968, T. 15; 1958. T. 16; 1966. T. 34. Grammar of the English Language. V., 1965. T. 1. LKK —Lithuanian Linguistics Issues. V., 1970. T. 12. 185 LKRS —Lithuanian spelling and punctuation. II pat. I'm sorry. V., 1989. Dictionary of the English Language. V., 1966. T. 7 (and its abbreviations). L—LKZ —Balkevičius J., Kabelka J. Dictionary of Latvian—- Lithuanian Languages. V., 1977. L—LV —Bojate A., Subatnieks V. Lithuanian—Latvian wordbook. Riga, 1964. LP —Ivanauskas T. Lietuvos paukščiai, V., 1955. T. 3. Lp —Logminas V. Lietuvos paukščiai. V., 1979. LPV —Ivanauskas T. Handbook of Lithuanian Birds. K., 1931. Dictionary of the English Language. Heidelberg, 1932–1968. T. 1-5. L—RKŽ —Lyberis A. Lithuanian—Russian Dictionary: L—RKZ,. V., 1971; L-RKZ,. V., LTE" 4 1988. —Lietuviškoji sovietinė enciklopedija. V., 1980. T. 6; 1981. T. 7; 1984. T. 12. Little Soviet Encyclopedia. V., 1968. T. 2; 1971. T. 3. MRKZ —Lithuanian Language Spelling and Pronunciation Vocabulary /Compiled by P. Kniūkšta and A. Lyberis. II leid. K., 1986. PP —Ivanauskas T. Birds of the World. V., 1971. R—LKZ" —Dictionary of Russian-Lithuanian Languages. V., 1982. T. 1 (Compiled by Ch. Lemchen); V., 1983. T. 2 (Compiled by Ch. Lemchen); V., 1985. T. 4 (Composed by J. Kardelytė, Ch. Lemchenas, J. Macaitis, A. Mankevičienė). Dictionary of the English Language. K., 1948, TLE —Lithuanian Soviet Encyclopedia. V., 1986. T. 2; V., 1988. T. 4. TZ —Mastauskis St. Applied Zoology. 1947. pp. 47. "Lietuvių kalbos žodžių daryba" (in Lithuanian). V., 1941. The International Organization for Unification of Terminological Neologisms (IOUTN) was founded in Warsaw in 1982 and is the leading international organization for the unification of terminological neologisms. Its founder is the writer, linguist and translator Z. Stoberskis. The organization brings together philologists, linguists and other specialists from various fields interested in the problems of terminology internationalization. The main principles and objectives of the organization are outlined in the special publication “All about IOUTN”. Often even the most famous linguists hold the opinion that terms neologisms should be created only in the mother tongue; and foreign — international — terms are replaced by words of one's own language. The IOUTN, following the principle of “science – property of mankind”, proposes to unify the form and meaning of the term. According to IOUTN, internationalization of terms would accelerate the exchange of scientific and technical information, which in turn would accelerate economic development. IOUTN cooperates with international organizations, term banks and terminology centres, with academies of science and universities, establishes its committees in various countries of the world, prepares and publishes multilingual dictionaries of special terms, provides information on terminology issues. One of the most important tasks of this organization is to promote the use of international terms through public information and special periodicals. 186