Liet. „salà“, la. „sala“ „kaimas“

LITHUANIAN KALBOTYROS QUESTIONS, XXXI (1994) LANGUAGES STANDARDIZATIONS QUESTIONS GRAŽINA SMALINSKIENĖ Lie. SALA, LA. SALA ‘KAIMAS’ Dialectal words lie. sala, la. island "village" forms pairs of homonyms su with the common eastern Baltic geographical term lie. Sald, la. island "Island". Some etymologists lie, sala, la. island “village” borders su sl. *cell ‘field, soil’, s. v. a. sal ‘a flat; Hall’ (Būga I 333; Trautmann 248; Pokorny 898). All these words are associatsu ed with ide. rootmi *self- ‘place of residence’ (Pokorny 898). ; Norwegian Baltist and Slavist Chr. Stango monografijoje „Lexikalische Sonderūbereinstimmungen zwischen dem Slavic, Baltic and "Germany vs. Switzerland". *seat, s. v. a. sal, lie. sala, la. island is subject ne be to doubt, especially with regard to ir the parallels of white Germanic lexicons (Stand 46—7). Ši isoglossa cannot be completely reliable until there is a true sl. *village etymology. The origin ir of the word is disputed. Let's try to analyze this problem in more detail. The Baltic language lexicons discussed should be considered inseparable from the homonymous words lie. sala, la. island “an area of land surrounded by water on all sides”. There is no impossible thing that these ir words lie. Sald, la. island “village” are etymologically related. Lie. sala, la. island The origin of ‘land surrounded by water on all sides’ is clear. These words lie. ir dtsala "river jsigrauzimas į shore" associated su lie. sdlti "flowing- ", "seeping" „to hide, to hide away“, pr. salus ‘upokšnis (from rain)’ (Būga II 305). The last words are from ide. iš root *self- "to jump; signs’, pg. Article 10 drop "I'm jumping, I'm hole" (*seljo), lot. salia, -ire, -ui (-ii), -tum "to jump; signs’ (Pokorny 899), In dialects, other ir meanings of these homonymous words are known: lie. island “higher, dry area of land in a ridge; a field plot; arable land, soil area between meadows; parking lot in the forest; a meadow in the middle of a summer rye field; one kind of grass other plants ar plotelis, kupstas’ ar (Eastern Highlanders, ir Utenians, and Southern Highlanders) — LKŽ XII. 59); island “a higher, dry patch of land in a trough; forest land, wooded area, field plot far from home, backcountry; spruce pine grove, a bunch of different trees in the forest; ar soil, field plot’ (aukštaičiai — ME III 664; EH II 423). Noting that lie. sala, la. island is a geographical term, we must take into account the į typological laws inherent in the development of the semantic structure of such terms. Researchers of Baltic geography terms L. According to Nevskaya, the elevated relief (height) words that belong to lie. ir Sald, la. island, often acquires meanings ‘hive; field’. This happens by actualizing the characteristic, the author conditionally called 12. Lithuanian Linguistic Issues, XXXI Slavic 177 ‘farm aspect’. Lie. sala, la. island invariant character "land area surrounded by water on all sides" acquires the following modifications: "field plot", "arable land", "soil area between meadows", "park in the forest", "meadow in the middle of a rye field in summer", "area of ar one kind of plants" (Hesckas 155). Plg. Dialects ocmpoe, ostréw sememas, lost the attribute „surrounded by water“: „forest-covered place in a swamp“, „forest plot in space“, „field plot among meadows“ (Toncroit 51). Based on such a semantic transition "altitude surrounded by water" — ’lauklypako s, plūrimas’ — ‘pieva’ -> "forest" can easily be inferred from the lie of homonyms. sala, la. island the emergence of “village”. The specificity of the formation of peasant settlements is mentioned: villages were usually built by rivers and lakes, they ir were located in the middle of their land fields, meadows, forests, — marshes, etc. la. island „kaimas (midury pelkės)“, known in Taurkalne (Bpeiinax 17). Ką shows homonyms lie. Hall, la. island "rural" prevalence? Lie. the islands of consumption are as follows: 1) už Outside the territory of Lithuania — Daugavpils, Kraslava neighborhoods, Wrocław, Apsa, Lazūnai (the latter Lithuanian ir Belarusian border zone in Lithuanian dialects is Slavism sela ir LKA I 46, It's like you're ir lying. sala may also be a loanword, because here, except for Lazūnas, the consonant before the vowel e! is consistently 5, hardened. In Lazūnų dialect, as can be seen iš LKA I 46 (jam. No. 9) more common village name Úlyčia, úlyčia*); also in the Lithuanian-B2) elarusian border zone, in the ir territory of Lithuania — Rimšė, Tverečius, Dysna, Mielagėnai, Paringys, Adutiškis, Švenčionys (slavism used in these places ūlyčia, ir ūlyčia, ūlyčia) (LKŽ XII 59; LKA I 46 (jam. No. 9)). La. island (sola) known in the Highland dialect (Viškai, Aulėja, Skaista, Ižvaltas, Pilda, Zvirgzdinė, Varaklianai, Barkava, Tilžė — ME III 664; EH II 423; ADT I - 76). Į eastern part of the Vidzeme dialect "La La". The island fell into iš the Altay dialect (Bpe#inak 17). As can be seen, these distribution data do not contradict homonyms lie. Hall, la. island "a land area surrounded by water on all sides" of separate semes, iš which may have given rise to homonyms lie. sala, la. island “village”, for geography. J. Entzelin, explaining la. island The origin of the word “village” was also based on a member of a pair of other homonyms, namely, the following meanings: “forest land, woodland, field plot far from home, backcountry; spruce pine grove, bunch of different ar trees in the forest”. The name is not known in the Latin language, ne but is known in the Latin language. ir Salas peasant farm (Metriena, Jaunruoze, Zasa), Salas forest (Zasa). The local name Męlna-sala valstiečio sodyba (Lubana) is difficult to distinguish from Blue-island forest (Liauduona), still Męlna-sala village (Silajaniai), manor house (Rugajai), peasant farm (Atašienė Balva), Mėlna-sala forest (Aknysta, Dignaja, Prauliena) (LV II 413). Liep(u) ar sala(s), according to Endzelin, probably originated from the lime forest in which iš the settlement was established (plg. Liepu-sala residential area (Barkava), peasant farm (Baltinava, Maržodis 1 sela given ir M. Niedermann- 's Dictionary (III 633). 2 These words are used in dialects only for street-type villages. This is not recorded in the LKA. 178 kalnė), Liepu-sala peasant- 's farm in the forest (Malupė) LV II 366). According to Endzelin, the appellative island “village” (EM III 664). There are many such place names in Lithuanian names, especially in the eastern and southern In Lithuania, plg. Sala village (Smalvos, Daugai, Igliauka ASŽ II 270, Lazūnai VK); Sala detached house (Antazavė VK); Sala forest (Rodūnia, Suginčiai, Anturkė, Leliūnai, Kuktiškės, Gelvonai, Degučiai, Kriaunos VK); Sala field (Smalvos, Rodūnia, Labanoras VK); Sweet soil (Antazavė, Čiobiškis, Joniškis (Molėtai) VK); Salėlė village (Ceikiniai ASŽ II 270); Salos village (Linkmenys, Lazdijai, Rokiškis ASŽ II 271); Island town (Rokiškis, Belarus, Smurgainiai VK); Salos village (Alanta, Obeliai, Sudeikiai ASŽ II 271), Salos field (Dubičiai, Šalčininkai, Breslauja, Rimšė VK); Island soil (Rimšė VK); Hay meadow (Breslauja VK); The Island Forest (Dust VK); Liepsala manor house (Papilys ASŽ II 161). Most of these Latvian ir The Lithuanian toponyms are located in the territory where the common words lie. sala, la. sala meaning ‘village’. The nomination of such placenames is usually based on the geographical location of the objects they denote, for example, the village of Sūla — In Ignalina district Linkmenai area, located between three lakes; XVII a. pab. Salas Manor in Riga County consists of several villages separated by barren sand dunes and swamps, shrubs and coniferous forests (Jul 137). Apparently, it can be said that the homonyms discussed here are iš indeed considered to be of the same etymology, i.e. semantic homonyms. To this type of homonyms these words have been assigned by ir V. Urbutis (Urbutis 176). In this case lie. Sald, la. island "village" is a lexical feature of the East Baltic languages. ADT —Texts of the Upper Zemgale dialect: Latgalian pronunciation. Riga, 1983. ASŽ — Lietuvos Administrative-territorial subdivision of the TSR, V., 1976. D. 2. Biiga —Būga K. Selected Writings. V., 1958-1961. T. 1-3. EH —Endzelins J., Hauzenberga E. Addendums and corrections to K. Miilenbach's Latvian Language Dictionary. Riga, 1946, pp. 2. LKA —Lithuanian Language Atlas. V., 1977. T. 1. Dictionary of the English Language. V., 1981. T. 12. LV —Endzelins J. Placenames of the Latvian SSR, Riga, 1961. D. 1. S. 2. ME — K. Miilenbacha Latvian language noun /Redišējis, papildinajis, turpindjis J. Endzelins. Riga, 1927—1929, S, 3. Pokorny —Pokorny J. Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch. Bern and Miinschen, 1959, Stang.—Stang Chr. S. Lexical special agreements between Slavic, Baltic and Germanic. Oslo—Berlin—Tromso, 1972. Trautmann—Trautmann R. Baltic—Slavic dictionary. Gottingen, 1923, Urbutis —Urbutis V. The formation of homonyms in the Lithuanian lexicon: Filols m. kand. dis. V., 1955, VK —Lithuanian Institute of Language Namebook, 12* 179 Bpeiinak — Bpeiigax A. IÍmanekiias JEKCHKA Jia TTAJIbCKHX FOBOPOB BepXHeJIaTbINICKOTO MnajieKTA Ho ee HCcTOpHuecKHe CBS3H: Asroped. AMC, ... KaHA. OHJIOJI. RaykK. Pura, 1969.; Jinenuna — Jlnenmus 3. O Tanax mocenenuii nateiickux KpecTbhAH B XII B. // Cenbekane nocenenns IpubGanruku XIII—ss. XX M., 1971. C. 123-141. Hesckas — Hescxkas JI. I". Banruiickas reorpaduveckas TepmuHONorms. M., 1977. Tonerot — Tonctoit H. H. K npobieme M3yyenus CIaBSHCKHX MECTHBIX TEDMHHOB // Mecraste reorpadmueckue TepMHHBI. Bonpocs: reorpagun. C6. 81. M., C. 1970. 46-53. OTHER ABBREVIATIONS gr. — Greek plg. — Compare this. — Indo-European pr. — Prussian la, — Latvian sl, Slavic — lie. — Lithuanian Ss. v. a. — old german highland lot. — Latin LIT. SALA, LETT. SALA ‘DORF’ Summary You take care of this in Essay on: prove, daB lit. sala, lett. island “Village” with. sl. *cell , Field, field", ahd. sal “House, Hall” are not to be sidelined, the last are with the ide. Root *self. Connecting zu “living space”. They are the same Etymology than the homonymous Worter lit. sala, lett. sala, island”. We must emphasize that this Worter the geographical Terms are, and Riicksicht on the typological take legislation that is development of semantic structure of such Terms are characteristic. L. Nevskaya claims that a high-lying Gelinbezeichnde enden Wörter nicht selten die Meanings ,,Wiese; Feld" get. Bed. sala, lett. island , Island” get the following modification: , Acker", "von Meadows surrounded Fields”, , Forest , clearing®, Meadow im Summer cereals or im Roggenfeld”, „ein Stiick Plants of the same type”, In reference to such semantic Transition of , Ground elevation im MorastTM — "Ackér, Feld" —> Meadows > “Forest” is easily the Origin of the Homonymous lit. Sale, let's go. island "Dorf" zu erratėn. Die Specific of the Origin of the Farmhouses is also mention: zu Die Villages arose mostly an Fliessen and Lakes, they lay between the Farms, meadows, wildlife and Mooren, Vgl. It's gone. island ,,Dorf (in Moor)' (Taurkalné). Die Distribution of individual Sememe von lit. sala, lett. island “island” from which the Homonymous lit. sala, lett. island “village” could arise, stands no in one Objection of zu the Distribution of this Homonyms. J. Endzelin stabbed himself at the Erklidrung der Origin of lett. island “Village” on the Place names, z. B. Salas ‘Gesinde’, Salas “Forest”, Black Island “Gesinde”, Męlna Hall “ForestEs .” there are many such Place in names Lithuanian Collection of Names. Most of these Place names are in the Find zu areas wo that Worter lit. sala, lett. island “Village” are widespread, Which Nomination of this Place name is most by the am geographical Location of the Objects that they designate. Unserer In my opinion, all this laBt us the Conclusion, dab the discussed Homonyms are etymologically related, i.e. they are semantic Homonyms. In such Case is lit, sala, lett. island “Village” a word typical only of the rural Baltic languages Let's read. 180