Gibt es im Estnische lettische Landschaftsnamen?

LITHUANIAN KALBOTYROS QUESTIONS, XXXII (1993) BALTU ONOMASTICS STUDIES ; : LEMBIT VABA GIBT ES IM ESTONIAN LATVIAN LANDSCAPE NAME? As the in seventies Years When the signed author’s monograph on Latvian loanwords in Estonian (VABA 1977) appeared, only one geographical appellative of Latvian origin was known, which had already been recorded as a Latvian loanword in 1937 by Peeter Arumaa (ARUMAA 1937, 42): atak Gen. atagu ” old water, separated river curve, which at high tide is united with the actual riverbed” (HARGLA Koikküla) < lett. atiaka, atteka "a river branch that flows back into the river; old riverbed, which is filled with water at high water levels; a pond, a lake, namely one that has formed in the former riverbed” (ME I 203). : The semantic analysis of old Latvian borrowed words in Estonian shows that the names of foods and drinks form a large group of terms, which clearly indicates Estonian—- Latvian contacts in the family sphere. It is remarkable that in the extensive vocabulary of Latvian origin in the language of the Estonian language islands (Lutsi and Leivp) located today in Latvian territory, for which 876 Latvian tribes were analyzed in VABA 1977, there is no King-Latvian name of a region. Further research into the origin of the Estonian vocabulary has now surprisingly revealed three more such Estonian landscape names, which could probably be Latvian borrowings. In the following, these will be considered in more detail. (1) lonk Gen. longi ”moist (fluBnahes) hills; swamp” (KARKSI Mae, Vöhmaste), longas Gen. lonkarvlöngas Gen. lönka "land located in the river bend” (HARJU—-JAANI) <lett. lunka "a sea bay; a low-lying (at one river curvature) Wiese, die im Spring is flooded” (ME II 513-514); s. also: VABA 1991, 56. Additional Investigations are necessary to find out whether um KADRINA Töugu löngas "narrow ridge that reaches into the sea" is etymologically connected with the toponym of Latvian origin discussed here. (2) lava "a big bald Haystack; squares Swamp" (CLOSED "Let's Go". plava "the meadow, the haystack” (ME III 367). As a result of the possible telematological Content of läva (ma_i-Ima mouth plate "a vast bald Swamp area”, Läve/soo mets (one Forest name in Karksi; soo "one Swamp’) can be found here the Latvian appellative and toponymic 172 Word stem Jev(a)-, Java-, lév(e)not completely ignore, e.g. Java "a marshy, moving Place, a half-grown See” (ME III 533); See also: VABA 1988, 47-48. (3) Tir Gen ? "Sumpf" (WIED 1163) < It's gone. tirs = tirelis (EH II 686); tyreline "one (larger and deeper) Marsh, a high-lying Morast, a to Haystack cleaned bog (or Busch); unsaturated Field" (ME IV 203). A rare one Swamp designation has H. Göseken in seinem Work ‘Manufacturing ad Linguam Oesthonicam. Introduction to Ohstnischen Sprache” (Reval 1660, 406) recorded: Sumpff /lacuna/ Tiir (sighs). Wiedemann has this Word of Göseken and included in his Estonian—German in ‘Dictionary. An this Place it should be mentioned that at Göseken nor other obsolete Words that obviously just the Estonian in Western dialect and partly also im island dialect are widespread, find (s. For more details: VALMET 1960, 616-617). Julius Mägiste has this Word included in in its etymological dictionary by noting: ”eiymol[ogisch] unclear” (EEW X 3157). Nevertheless, has also already Kazimieras Jaunius on the Baltic origin of this landscape name indicated, and namely appears es in seinem Manuscript for the Lithuanian-Estonian etymological dictionary (s. Jaunius 1972, 355). More detailed Explanations, such as es in der Rule at Comparing the case is, has Jaunius in seinem Directory not presented. Nähere Information about the Distribution and Etymology of door are out VABA 1991, 59 zu take out. Die Landscape names atak and läva are of the Latvian an Border, i.e. in of active Contact zone of Estonian and Latvian spread. The same applies to lonk, which, however, except for borderim Karksi also occurs im further inland, whereby quite the There is a possibility that the es enclave in located in two different areas of Estonia is widespread. At tiir rise some Questions, to which there are es no unambiguous answers. Die Distribution of the Word cannot be determined. As I said, finds itself for only im Dictionary of Göseken, which predominantly Language material from Kullamaa and its The environment contains (Göseken was the greatest Part of his Lebens Pastor in Gold). But this Vocabulary was undoubtedly the zu Time in whole West Estonia spreads, as Aino Valmet has found. Problematic is also the actual Origin of the Wortes. Bei est. tiir can't from the far Distribution of Latvian Swamp name tirelis (or tirulis be assumed; as Loan source comes only the unexpanded Word stem *shotin Question, which among other things as Swamp designation im Lithuanian occurs: tyras ‘ödes Land, steppe, swamp, empty, waste Place, desert” (LEW II 1099—1100 sub tyras), but also on im Kur country spoken Latvian appears: tirs? (EH II 686; LAUMANE 1987, 199). In the east. tiir are not found such phonetic criteria that can shoot on, ob es whether um it is an early Baltic or later Latvian loanword. The etymological Analysis of Estonian Landschaftslexik leads the zu Conclusion, that a considerable Number of separate landscape names of Baltic origin in West Estonia concentrates (VABA 1989, 138ff., especially 217—218; Distribution map S. 209). I have... 173 be the Hypothesized that a Part of such landscape names Baltic Relic words with substrate character is, which by the Use of the language with the Baltic fish melted Balten seine spread. Es is possible that est. tiir with its presumed westestnische distribution such a in Lean layer belongs. Im Border area with an Estonian—Latvian Mixed settlement step for the Latvian typical farm names on. These are particularly numerous, for example, east of im Valga located former county of The Dream of Kaagjärve Lannametsa. A profound Research of this areas and further expeditions could perhaps be Discovery of previously unknown Latvian landscape names Estonian im Manage the language room. The distribution of landscape names of Latvian origin in the Estonian language ie LITTERACY ’ ARUMAA 1937 —Arum aa P. Lati laensönu löuna—essti murdeis, II.—Estonian Keel 1937, 42–50. a ZEW —Mägiste J. Estonian etymological dictionary. Helsinki, 1982. EH —Endzelins J,Hauvzenber ga E. Addendums and corrections to K. Mühlenbach's Latvian language dictionary, Riga, 1934—1946. JAUNIUS 1972 —The manuscript legacy of the linguist Kazimieras Jaunius. Catalogue and publications. Vilnius. € 174 LAUMANE 1987 — Laumane B. Physiogeographical appellatives of the Lower Suburbs (kursu—prüSu paralleles). // Onomastics, Riga, Latvia P. 170—214. LEW — Fraenkel E. Lithuanian etymological dictionary. Heidelberg—Göttingen, 1962—1965. to ME — K. Mūlenbacha English translation/Redigejis, papildinäjis, turpinäjis J. Endzelins. Riga, 1923—1932. Latvia 1977 — V a b a L. Latvian loanwords in Estonian. Tallinn. VABA 1988 — V a ba L. Latvian loanwords in Estonian dialect. // Mother tongue Seltsi The Yearbook 32 1986, Tallinn, P. 46—56. VABA 1989 — V a b a L. Baltic loans in the West Sea Finnish landscape heath // Language ja Literature, 1989, P. 138—141, 206—218. ABA 1991 — V aba L. Liti loan zone in Estonian dialect II // Mother tongue Seltsi The Yearbook 34 1988, Tallinn, P. 55—61. VALMET 1960°— V alm et A. H. The Goscinny Book. // Language ja Literature 10 1960, P. 612—617. WIED — Wiedemann F.J. "Deutschland-Süddeutsche Zeitung". The fourth, unchanged edition of the second, Jakob From Hurda's edited edition. Tallinn, 1973. AR ESTU LANGUAGES YRA LATVIU KILMES PLACE By name? Summary In the monograph on Latvian borrowings of the Estonian language written in the seventies, only one appellative (geographical term) is Pėterio Aruma believes that it is a debt to iš the Latvian — language Gen. attachment "'mouth, undress... < lat. attka, atigka "a branch of a river where water flows back; old riverbed- ..." The semantic analysis of old Latvian-Estonian borrowings shows that there were close, close ir contacts of Estonian-- Latvian ir languages in domestic etc. areas. The article discusses three more geographical terms, place names, which are also believed to be borrowed from Latvian. iš 1. lorik Gen. 'lorigi "moist meadow, swamp, swamp", longas Gen. lonka~Iéngas Gen. link ”land in the winding of a river" < lat. Ber "inlet, bay; low, in spring flooded, flooding meadow". 2. lava "The Great Wall of China", < lat. pJava "a meadow with grass". 3. arrow Gen. ? "peat, bog" lat. < tirs=tyrel "big deep ir swamp, swamp." Julius Mägiste, having šį included the į appellative in his etymological dictionary, has, indeed, noticed that this "word of unclear etymology." However, Kazimieras The new manuscriptlietuviy—esty er language etymology dictionary explains the meaning of this word in Baltic ©. These three geographical names are found in Estonian ir toponyms. Geographical place names atak läva ir observed at The Latvian border, in the active ir Estonian- -Latvian contact zone. Similar situation with ir su lorik name starting with about It spreads ir to the į outer borders of the country. There is uncertainty about the prevalence of tiir apeliatyvo, problematika ir jo origin. However, it is hypothetically possible to say that some of this type of terms, geographical place names, are Baltic substrate relics. in the territory of Estonia, which spread here Baltic Sea Finns merging with su whites, Ryne 4 JIZIEL BL + heating element a :sd1sv? sr20d imobeonit are: aslis a 01162 15 2BENVIUA DIRIVIS( S2FIFE <8 Jqslenq — out of time esRide1s Bb