Dvibalsio „ui“ kilmė skoliniuose iš vokiečių kalbos

LITHUANIAN LINGUISTICAL QUESTIONS, XXXIV (1994) LITHUANIAN LANGUAGE DIARCHEMS AND THEIR STUDIES Nijolė ČEPIENĖ THE ORIGIN OF THE DUAL UI IN BORROWERS FROM GERMAN LANGUAGE In Lithuanian borrowings from German language, instead of the root u, there is ui in some words. These words with ui have been recorded in Lithuanian dictionaries of East Prussia since the 17th century and are used in contemporary western Lithuanian dialects. Researchers considered the appearance of the diphthong ut as an uncertain or doubtful insertion of the sound 1. Mr. Boogie! was unclear ui borrowed word "skirt". He explained that the Žemaičiai received this word from the Germans through the Kurians. In the Curonian language it should have been *rukis, and the Lithuanian ruikis appeared, after which J. Otrebskis® hesitated about the ui in the loan ruimas "space, free field". K. Alminauskis® also doubted the origin of the name Rum and its derivatives. He believed that the word ruim could have originated from the verb ruimuoti "to make room", derived from the Prussian German raime "etc. *, influences, or the sound i is inserted in Lithuanian language. E. Fraenkelis* explained that wi in the word luttūoti "to play with the harp" is due to imitation of sounds or folk etymology, adapted to Lithuanian luttuoti "(with clay) to coat, to smear". The aim of this article is to try to explain why there are forms with ut in German borrowings in addition to those with ū in the root. In addition to the borrowed rūmas meaning "large, ornate house", used in the western dialects, and the meaning "residential house" in the eastern dialects of Lithuanian, there is a word of the same root with ui: ruimas (ruimas) "a spacious free place; patalpa, kambarys”, recorded in East Prussian Lithuanian writings from the 17th century and used in western dialects (Prk, Mrj, Trg, Lkč, Snt, Kté). In the East Prussian German Samogitian language we find forms with ūir ua [ui], which probably entered the Lithuanian language, cf. East Prussian German House? "thin field" and house, pigs 1 Būga K. Rinktiniai raštai. V., 1958-1959. T. 1. P. 302. T. 2. P. 304. ?Otr ębski J. Grammar of the Lithuanian language. Warsaw, 1958. T. 1. S. 178. 3 A Ilminauskis K. The ge manisms of Lithuanian. Part 1: The German borrowings in Lithuanian /toliau —Alm /. K., /1934/. P. 113. - Three. F t ge n k el E. Lithuanian etymological dictionary. Göttingen, 1962. palace "large, ornate house", found in scriptures (Bb. Mr 15, 16, S. Dauk.), used in dialects and common language. Abbreviations as in the largest Lithuanian language dictionary. ®Mitzka W. East Prussian Low German north of Ermland /toliau —Mitzka 1919///German Dialectgeographie. Heft 6. Marburg, 1919. §48. N atau O. Dialect and settlement in northeastern East Prussia /toliau — Natau/. Konigsberg and Berlin, 1937. §42. 158 "room, space, place", new dutch ruim® 'room, free space'. In Lithuanian language we have also noticed verbs of the same root with ū and ui, e.g. rūmyti "make room" J, prarūmyti "make room" Pšl, Grž, Kri, surūmyti "place" Pš, Krp, prarūminti "make room" Grž and įšruimyti "make room" BB1 Mak 10, 32, ruim(ū)oti "etc. " O, K, N, J, atruim(t- )oti "to empty, to release" R II 37, K I 113, N, LC 1887, 15, sruim(4i)- oti "to make room, to empty; "R II 287, MZ II 383, N, K, K. Donel., Prk. Their foundation is probably v.v.z. rumen’ "to leave a place, to leave", ruimen'®. Next to the shapes of the bull! !, rulijs "roller", common in the northern and western dialects, also forms with wi are used: ruilis (rūilis) "roller, roller to level the ground" Y1, Ms, Akm, Brs, Lž, Žg, Krp. Even from the same place (Ylakiai) there is a word written with u and ut. The origin of the plg. Pr. vok. rul "wheel, shaft, reel, (washing) brushes, moles” (Alm (PrW)), v.v.s. rulle "wheel, shaft, roll (of paper)” (Mnd. W. III 526). In addition to the form bulius "breeding bull"*, from the 16th century in East Prussian Lithuanian writings and dialects the form builis /K/ is used, S. Dauk., M. Valané., Mit. I 51, Kel. 1881, 198, Grg. These words are borrowed from Pr. Bull, "Boll "t. p. » (Fr 94), bol "t. p.” (Mitzka 1919, 125), plg. v.v.z. bubble "t.p. ". Forms with ui probably did not originate in Lithuanian, but were pronounced as such in German. A. Lasch (Lasch 43), who studied the Middle German Samogitian language in the writing monuments, stated that in the 16th century, after a long break in the Saxon land, the ui appeared again in the works of some authors. In Brandenburg there were ū, we sounds, which could be explained according to W. Mitzka!? ii influence of language. In modern Dutch there is ut, in Frisian wa, 02 sounds!*. As is known, the Dutch settled in East Prussia 4, Most of the East Prussian Germans spoke German Samogitian. In the eastern part of East Prussia, in German, the ū before nasal, smooth consonants and w in closed syllables was diphthongized into ūs!" In the scripts 2 could be unwritten. This German us could have been pronounced as [ui]. In Middle German, us and ui are not distinct!- ®. Therefore, as the Lithuanian words rutmas (rūimas), ruiminti, for which the basic forms of the German language with us /ui/ have been found, so also the words ruilis (rūilis), builis with ui could have been borrowed from the German language. S. 5 This one. Schiller K.,Lūbben A. Middle Low German Dictionary /toliau - Mr. W./. Bremen, 1875. P. 528. 10 1, a sc h A. Middle Low German Grammar /toliau —Lasch/. Halle (Saale), 1914. §46. ą 11 Rūlis and ruilis are used for other meanings, see LKŽ XI 911—912,?- Mitzka W. Deutsche Mundarten. 45—946. Heidelberg, 1943. P. 65. I'm not asking you. K. PorHonornyeckas B3BOJIIP0UHA Fr'epMAHCKHX S3BIKOB. Jlenuxurpan, 1991. C. 92, 96. Ziesemer W. The East Prussian dialects. Wroclaw, 1924. 102, 108, 117 Mitzka VW. German dialects. P. 72-73. 5 Natau, 83, 40, 42, 50. 16 Lasch, §22. 159 linti from East Prussian German dialects, with the insertion a after the u before the nasal or smooth consonant [4]. However, in Lithuanian borrowings we find inserted + after u not only before smooth or nasal, but also before other consonants, for example: be mūzė “liquid porridge, flour soup; kankoliene” N, KZ, Prk, Slu, mužė R II 84, there is also the form muizé "etc. ", recorded in East Prussian Lithuanian writings from the 17th century and used in dialects (Prk, Rg). As we can see, from the same place (Priekulė) a word with wir ui is written. The basis of these loans is Pr. our "kisielius, puree, flour soup" (Fr II 80), cf. the middle, new Dutch mos (Kluge 494). In addition to the form of the lock "lock" O 451, there is also the form of the lock "t.p. " C, O, R II 311, MŽ II 416, N, K, KŽ, šliūižės, pl. Klp, Prk, which are derived from the Prussian German sluses "e.g. " „In some German borrowings the u is replaced only by a diphthong ui, e.g.: luitas "kanklės" NdZ, luttūoti "kanklėmis žaisti" NdZ, FrnW. For the origin of these words plg. v.v.z. lute "lute (such a harp)" (Mnd. W. II 754). Probably E. Fraenkelis is wrong, linking the appearance of the word luttūot:i "to play with harps" with the imitation of sounds or folk etymology, adapting it to Lithuanian liutūoti "(with clay) to put on, to smear". The borrowed word ryikis (ruikis), which is common in the Samogitian dialects with the meaning of "skirt (e.g. short-sleeved, with closure)" Kv, Zr, Sg, Šv, Žv, Šlu, "thick skirt fabric" D. Pošk., J, Up, Vdk, probably originated from the East Prussian German Samogitian roak "skirt" (Mitzka 1919, 123), cf. v.v.ž. rock "topcoat" (Mnd. W.), n.o.s. Rock "skirt, jacket". K. Būga was probably not mistaken when he explained that ruikis was borrowed from the Kurian *rukis, by inserting 7 in Lithuanian. Perhaps not only before the nasal and smooth, but also before other consonants after the u, the sound i was inserted. In addition, in the closed syllable of East Prussian German Samogitian, u was pronounced as u or o. It is usually pronounced u before nd, nt, ©, k (< kk); before [also most commonly | u. The sounds o, 6 could be diphthongized into 09 [0d'”. The same person could pronounce both monophonic and diphthong. The Germanic languages of the Germanic language family are generally monophthongic. It was especially easy to insert 2[1] in monosyllabic words ending in a consonant. In the 19th century there was no sign of | 0s. But not clear; whether the tendency to diphthongize is later, as the uneven pronunciation of the sound suggests, or whether earlier writers did not mark the diacritical mark. In East Prussian German dialects, instead of oa could be pronounced From 16th-century writings, a known Lithuanian loanword stuire "ship's rudder" BB Jok L 3, 4, which is based on v.v.z. steering wheel, steering wheel "e.g. " (Mnd. W. IV | 452). In some East Prussian German dialects, the individually transitive sound a appeared in the open syllable after the u in words before the r. 23), a "citizen" (Mitzka 1919, 133). Therefore, the Lithuanian stuiré may have come from a German dialect form with us in the root. Thus, in the aforementioned borrowings, the bivowel ut did not appear because of one or another influence of the Lithuanian language; it was spoken by East Prussian Germans, from whose dialects those words entered the Lithuanian language. IT Mitzka 1919, $28, 33, 45, 52, 195; Natau, $3, 15, 27, 40, 47. 160 ORIGIN OF THE DIPHTONG UI IN BORROWERS FROM GERMAN Summary In Lithuanian there are German borrowings with u and ui in the syllable, e.g.: mūzė, mūžė and muizé, muizé "Mus, dūnner Bre, Mehisuppe?, rūmas, rūmai " groBes schmuckes Haus, Palast” and raimas (ruimas) ” spacious, free place; Raum, Zimmer”, rūmyti and rdaimyti “rooms”, rūlis and ruilis “roller”, saline and. builis ‘Bulle’. The forms with u and uz are found in Lithuanian scripts from XVH. C., which were composed in former Eastern Prusse. The present western dialects also have the Lehnwörter with ui. Even in the same place of residence kom. men die beiden Varianten vor, z. B.: mūžė, muize (Priekulė), rūlis, ruilis (Y lakiai). Some borrowed words have only ui in the root: luitas “lute”, luitdot: “to play on the lute”, stuire “the helm (of the ship)”. Linguists (K. Buga, K. Alminauskis, J. Otrgbskis) held the origin of the sound 1 to be unclear or even doubted its insertion. But after researching the German basic words it was discovered that some German dialects of East Prussia also had ū and 48 [ui] in the root. In the eastern area ū had been diphthongated to #8 before nasals, liquids and before w in closed syllable. Before rin open syllable after 4 could also appear as a transitional sound 2 [1] in some mouths. The false diphthong also appeared after o, so Lithuanian loanword rūikis (rutkis) "rock” could come from Lower Prussian rook. Thus, it can be argued that dal ui originated in the German dialects of East Preußen, but not in the Lithuanian language. 161