Antano Salio studijos Vokietijoje

LITHUANIAN LANGUAGE QUESTIONS, XXXIV (1994) LITHUANIAN LANGUAGE DIARCHEMS AND THEIR STUDIES Vincent DROTVINAS ANTANO SALIO STUDIES IN GERMANY A. Salis for life ir studies In Germany 1925—1929 m. unlight the documents in ta the Certified State Archives of Lithuania (LCVA, f. 631, f. 391) ir University of Leipzig. Vilnius archive materials provide Kaunas University Humanities Faculty Council Minutes Book, Letters of the Ministry mo of Education Kaunas University for A. Sali's sending for studies į Germany, as well A. Salis’s semester reports to the Ministry of Education on the progress of his studies, correspondence with the su Ministry of Education on scholarships, etc. ir Iš The archive of the Faculty of Philosophy of the University of Leipzig received copies of documents about A. Salio doctoral dissertation defense, exams, etc. ir All these hitherto unknown archive documents provide authentic material about the jubilee’s scientific professional ir maturation. Antanas Salys, 1923 m. joined į He studied comparative 1925 m. Indo-European linguistics at the University of Kaunas. ir He had asked the professor Kazimiero Boogs ir Jono Jablonskis lectures, worked K. Boogs "Lietuvių kalbos žodyno" sekretorius, padėjęs Jonui He wrote a philological dissertation, which was published in Philosophical Transactions. Prof. The early death of K. Būga was a huge loss not only for ne Lithuanian culture and, in particular, Lithuanian linguistics, but also for the Faculty of Humanities: the ir corps of Lithuanian linguistics professors was greatly weakened. For this reason, as we know, prof. Jurgis Gerulis iš Leipzig. Ir in the same faculty was looking for great ma youth, professorship change. Antanas Salys was one of those who most offered iš hopes of becoming scientists. Not by chance he's together su Pranu He had the right to study į abroad. This is shown by this 1925 m. of May 19 d. Antano Salio ir Prano Tin box application: Jo For pleasure Human. Dean of the Faculty of Human Sciences. Faculty of Science students Prano Skardžiaus ir Antano Salio Application As of this autumn semester, I would like to study my specialty, comparative linguistics, Lithuanian studies, in one of the foreign centres (Leipzig, Karaliaučius or Vilnius). Riga), where there are well-known scientific to specialists. He made several requests ir to the Holy See. To the Ministry: the application allocates us from the next po semester a certain scholarship to go to that school (I did not have my own funds). 12 I have the honour to ask the Faculty to support our request to explain St. The Ministry that we really need a serious scientific center with such specialists as J. Gerullis, W. Streitbergas, E. Sieversas, R. Trautmannas.... Kaunas, May 19, 1925. A. Countries Ms. In the light of the To current situation in the faculty, ir the care for the training of qualified Lithuanian linguists is best illustrated by pref. Letter of Jan Jablonski dated May 20, 1925 to the Minister of Education Kazimierz Jokant. Jablonskis's recommendation letter for the completeness of the argumentation and as an example of business letters is presented in full: Kaunas, May 20, 1925 to the Ministry of Education K. Jokantui studentu humanitaru, Ant. Country Du ir Ms. — Skardžius, black goes here two years linguistics Lithuanian, su asking that — our faculty gives them little food of the spirit (the faculty does not meanwhile even linguistics, language researcher for comparative science), —already long (after K.Buga's death) wants to drive here some iš į The German University, a į bear high school, where that science is already established and is done as it should be. ir Black for a long time is concerned with their business, but I am still wondering, always ir looking for advice, how to ar accomplish this thing where it would be best for them, in my understanding, to continue to testify ir In Germany. Yesterday iš jų I experienced that black ir already submitted applications Švit. Mimsterijai—pleaded, not able as desired be The Ministry to get them funds for foreign scholarships. Totally sympathizing with the — black, we are indeed meanwhile poor in this respect, I hurry myself — ir I'd like to contribute. Both black (žemaitis ir eastern high school student) is definitely a strong ir knowing about the language ir otherwise science subject guy, which can be iš expected for the future ko of our school, but both, unfortunately, are equally uninteresting sodiemu both needed, I will be quite alviras, good scholarships, ir so that they do not have — to abroad, devoted to the study, hunger dvesti some benefit be iš to our ir school. I trust those two students aš particularly; I don't think of it jų as chaff, I hope in complete jų seriousneir ss. Please, if you can, do not cut them off from this autumn semester scholarships to study abroad. It was black (Salys su Skardžium) meanwhile two years po In Kaunas, but now, having left our midst iš Kaz. Buggies ir without us Humanitarian Faculty of somewhat more prominent among their language researcher (and Lithuanian ), blacks willingly or unwillingly start looking for tų language researchers, serious ir deep linguistics professors, in Germany, the old In the shelter. Black says me wanting especially Studying in Leipzig (there is a famous group of interesting language researchers there) or in Karaliaučius, Riga; no Neither Paris nor Swiss black, I see, is looking for his studies. I take the tų idea of both students seriously. I would advise both of these students ir That's to believe; black of us, it really seems to me, will not disappoint and will not do as it does — sometimes a 13 student, who went abroad with a scholarship without any notable reason to study and play together. Both black and Kaunas, as far as I know, studied mostly language work and lived from it here. Kaunas J. Jablonskis' Not satisfied with the letter to the Minister, immediately (May 21, 1925) Jablonskis writes to the Dean of the Faculty of Humanities Prof. M. Birziskas: "Both of these students are, it seems, the most renowned speakers of our Faculty. On the other hand, Black is also a student of K. Bogdanov", but "only when he began to work with him and without Bogdanov, a Lithuanianist, he had no other serious linguist among his professors". Having modestly stated about himself ("I myself am only a kind of popularizer of linguistics in Lithuanian life, I cannot give something solid and serious to students, like other people, I cannot do anything for the cause of linguistics"), Jablonskis continues: "there is no need to wait for the time when there will remain in the country only a few limp pupils of K. Bugas's science, who have not been properly educated in linguistics. Unable to give anything serious to those who have started their work For the pupils of K. Boegha, let them study in the greater centers of that science. "..." We must advise the Ministry to allocate some funds so that we can soon have among iš ourselves serious linguists who have completed the language science as it should be, such a science that we ourselves cannot give." Having drawn the dean's attention to the fact that it is necessary to try to have knowledge of the student of our interest, Jablonski proposes a way: every ir year, if every six months, to get his ne report (Jablonski- 's term), and continues to write: "If poséedyjle] have to talk about this matter, I authorize Tamsta to express this opinion of mine to the meeting. ir I, like You see, I am of the opinion that the two students in question should be allowed under certain conditions to study in one of the more serious centers of science that concerns us to have experienced jų well-known scientists (renowned specialists) working there.” ? ir su ir to . Service of the Faculty of Humanities at the May tų meeting of the same year 22 d. (No. 113), with the participation of M. Biržiška, A. Voldemaras, V. Krėvė—Mickevičius, E. Volteris, A. Sennas, V. Sezemanas, J. Tumas, A. Smetona, V. Šilkarskis, Iz. Tamošaičiui, Pr. Augustaitis, J. Vabalas-Gudaitis, P. Gronskis, J. Balčikonis, B. Sruoga, discussed the students’ A. Salio ir Ms. Tin applications: "Students A. Salys ir Ms. Skardžius informs the hearing that the blacks have delivered Education A letter to the Ministry asking to give them two scholarships to study linguistics abroad, asks the faculty to ir support their request after inquiry by the Ministry of Education. " : 17r. LCVA, f. 391, ap. 4, b. 1382, g. 98—99 a. Printed: Jono The Letters of Jablonski // Compiled by A.Pirockinas. — V., "Science", 1985. P. 165—166. According to the author, the letter was ne written by himself Mr. jo Jablonski, just a signature. see. LCVA, f. 631, ap. 3, b. 253, p. 22. Printed: Jonas Jablonski. Articles ir Letters // Compiled by A. Pirochkin. — V., "Science", 1991. P. 225—227. 14 Resolved: At the request of the Ministry of Education stud A. Salis and Pr. "Request for comments". However, there are no records of the subsequent activities of A. Salis and Pr. The minutes of the meetings of the Faculty of Humanities Council in the spring of 1925 do not record the consideration of the requests of Skardžius, the inquiry of the Ministry of Education. However, Salys gets all the necessary permits. Having taken care of the documents and, among them, a certificate of proficiency in German language issued on 23 October, confirming that "Er beherrscht die deutsche Sprache genug, um die Vorlesungen und Ubungen an einer deutschen Universitat erfolgreich besuchen zu können", Salys was already at the University of Leipzig on 1 November 1925. In December 1925, he informed the Ministry of Education in Leipzig of his enrolment and indicated the address: Leipzig, Wettinerstr. 23.11, at J.Quosdorf. Salys was enrolled at the University of Leipzig in 1925 and studied from the winter semester of 1925/1926 to the summer semester of 1929 Baltic studies and Indo-European linguistic philosophy. The progress of your studies at the University of Leipzig is reflected in the salary reports sent to the Ministry of Education each semester. Here are listed the subjects to be heard each semester, their nature, professors. From the general scientific disciplines, Salis listened to basics of psychology, introduction to philosophy, overview of the history of philosophy, outline of systemic philosophy, history of new philosophy (from Descartes to Kant), introduction to psychology of language. From the theory of linguistics listened to Indo-European linguistics exercises (reconstruction problems — prof.H.Junkeris), introduction to general linguistics. He ir had the opportunity to ir study well the classical Slavic and Baltic languages, necessary for comparative linguistics studies: he attended Old Slavic grammar (prof. K.H.Meyeris), Old Russian texts, Church Slavic (prof. R.Trautmann) — two semesters with exercises, as well as the course of Slavic peoples and languages (Die Slavischen Volker und Sprachen) with Prof. R.Trautmann, comparative grammar of Slavic languages (prof. R.Trautmann), word formation of Slavic languages (prof. R.Trautmann). Has heard also Sanskrit (two semesters), Latin language ir Latin grammar, had paleography exercises. Most of the Baltic subjects were taught by Prof. J. Gerulį: Historical grammar of Latvian language, Prussian Enchiridion analysis, Latvian grammar exercises, Lithuanian Latvian ir XVIXVII writing, a. Lithuanian dialects; Lithuanian dialect texts exercises, Lithuanian historical grammar, Latvian dialect texts exercises, Lithuanian grammar exercises; grammar of the Prussian language; balletography exercises, comparative grammar of Baltic languages, as well as tų Latvian dialect exercises, performed in Leipzig Baltic Institute, Prussian language practice; historical grammar of Lithuanian language. During the first 1925/26 half of 2008, winter semester prepared the seminar paper "Mr. Kleino Grammar Litvanica ir hymn language relationship" ("Das Linguistics Relationship of "Grammar Litvanice” by Daniel Klein zu seinem Gesangbuch"). f The accounts show that: 'neither a minimum number of lectures nor a minimum number of practical assignments has been set at the Faculty of Philosophy of the University of Leipzig'. The same is written in the report ir of the seventh semester: LCVA. F. 631, ap. 12, b. 146, p. 96. 15 there are no semester examinations at the university”. The accounts were the basis for the Ministry of Education to pay a scholarship to students studying abroad, which was not too much. It was lacking in the first year of his studies in Leipzig. In the personal case of his fellow student Pranas Skardzius we find a petition by two Leipzigers to His Excellency the Ministry of Education, where they ask that from the New Year 1926 "the scholarship be doubled or at least so increased", so that they could seriously, without any external obstacles, work solely on scientific work. The request shall be explained. for the following reasons: In Kaunas, write the Leipzigers, we were mostly engaged in secondary jobs for our livelihood and therefore were forced to work our study work only superficially, by giving up. In Leipzig, we have to study all the basic subjects of linguistics, which we are scarce ti in Kaunas received; “Second, — continues the du researcher, “in two years - we have to complete the basic studies to do our doctoral theses, which require a lot of ir preparation.” According to the request, A. Sali needs to "research the dialects of the Žemaičiai and their neighbours, determine their boundaries and laws, and study the general basis of phonetics of dialectology". ir In order to carry out šį the work, "we have to work in the Baltic, Slavic Indo-Germanic institutes ir (understand: in the departments, departments —-X Therefore, we can no longer do extra work, as much as we would like, and, most importantly, we have no time at all to work". Finally, the price of daily bread is relevant: ir “The very livelihood in Germany is much more expensive than Kanne, o be therefore, for his scientific work he has to buy some books, now very expensive in Germany, and otherwise one other necessary necessity of life”. The application of the companions ends with the remark jų that when for work "Professor, you can always say your word if you need it. J. Gerullis". Leiprigas, 1925.XII.8 Ms. Skardžius This request did not go to the Ministry of Education alone. Jį second, supported by J. Jablonski's letter to the Ministry of Education Kaz.Jokanta. Jablonski writes having received several letters from two iš Leipzig students, who are happy to have good professors for a part, only vo complain that it is difficult to get by with the grants received from part-time be work, because of iš to ir request, ar could not be from Naujųjų Years higher scholarships have. J. Jablonski finds a precedent here. The student J. Bukota, who received a much higher ir scholarship in Paris, could devote himself much more freely to his studies. Jablonskis "eases" the work of the minister by indicating the ir amount of the increased scholarship: black would very much like, writes Jablonski, continue to have four po hundred and five ar hundred scholarships. "By this letter I very much ask you to take this matter to į your attention [...] so that both of ir them, while working their jobs, do not have to worry too much about their daily bread..." (Jablonski's only signed letter of 21.XII.1925.*) A significant place A. Sali's studies were occupied with phonetics. Iš the ji beginning. jo į Sali's study plans. Only in the II semester report, where the subjects to be listened 8 to are listed, we read: "All summer semester I worked po privately, two hours a week, with prof. su emer. E. ir Sieversu prof. Good phonetics" (A.Salio 1926.VTII.28 report to the Ministry of Education). 1927—1928 m. Ar. LOVA. 391, ap. 9, b. 838 (In P.Skardžius' personal file, unprinted?) 16 In the winter semester Salys writes in the report of his work after he had heard the Introduction to Experimental Phonetics („Einfūhrung in die experimentelle Phonetik- “) by Prof. Junker and had carried out phonetic experiments („Experimentalphonetischen Praktikum“) in the Phonetics Laboratory, see the report of 24 March 1928 to the Ministry of Education. In a letter dated 27 July 1928 to the Ministry of Education No. 10476, A. Salys reports that he had taken 4 subjects with exercises in the summer semester, among which were the basics of independent phonetic work (Anleitung zu selbstandigen phonetischen Arbeit) with Prof. Junker. "In addition," continues A. Salys in his report, "from 27 to 30 June I participated in a study tour to Berlin and Hamburg led by Prof. Junker. Visited and acquainted in Berlin with the Phonograms Department of the Prussian State Library headed by Prof. Doegen and his laboratory, and in Hamburg with the Phonetics Laboratory of the Colonial Languages Institute headed by Prof. Panconcelli-Calzios”. What interestir ed patraukė A. Salį Hamburg? This is related su to the development of phonetic science In Europe. As is known, the founders of linguistic (observational) phonetics are the Germanist professor Edward Sievers (1850-1932) of the University of Leipzig. His most famous work is "Grundzüge der Lautphysiologie", 1876 (Fifth edition of this work with a slightly different title "Grundzüge der Phonetik has gone out 1901). At the a. turn of 19th and 20th centuries There were three centres of phonetic studies in Europe: Paris and Hamburg ir London. In Paris worked a French linguist Catholic priest Jeanas Pierre Rousselot the (1846—1924), creator of experimental phonetics, from 1897 m. employed College de France in the experimental phonetic laboratory. Most jo famous work ” Principes de phonėtigue expérimentale” (1897—1908). 1908 m. In Hamburg was established The Colonial Research Institute (Kolonialinstitut), in whose activities the soon-to-be (Africa) ir Asian) Language Seminar (Seminar for Colonial languages). 1910 m. a phonetic laboratory was established at the seminar (as of Phonetic Laboratory am Seminar fūr Kolonialsprachen), o he was invited to lead it. iš University of Marburg Rousselot pupil italian Giulio Panconcellis-Calzia (1878—1966). 1914 m. The first international congress of experimental phonetics was held in Hamburg, and although the war halted the activities, the po 1919 University of Hamburg ir First Department of Phonetics In Germany. The 1930s were the years of prosperity for the phonetic laboratory in Hamburg, according to phonetic historians. So Country In Germany, the most modern experimental phonetics PanconcellioCalzio's school is in ir ne vain regarded as the pioneer of this branch of Lithuanian language science. The stressful time of studying was not long to pass. Seven and a su half semesters of studies are completed, the doctoral dissertation is written. 1929 m. of May 29 d. Salys writes Leipzig University Faculty of Philosophy request for permission: to hold doctoral examinations to defend ir (true, Kaunas) dissertation. In the application he indicates the maturity certificate acquired Telšiai high school, from 1923 m. autumn four semesters studied University of Kaunas ir from 1925 m. autumn after hearing su seven and a half semester University of Leipzig. "My field of study is Baltic studies, Indo-Germanistic philosophy", writes ir — Salys. The application is accompanied by a curriculum vitae (Lebenslauf) be which states, inter alia: "Beginning school in the year 1912—1915 After two years of private training, he entered the humanistic (humanistische) gymnasium in į Telšiai. "See. Grie ger W. Guide through the Exhibition collection Phonetic Institute. Hamburg, 1989, S. 14—16.) 17 From 1923 to 1925 he studied at the University of Cannes and from the winter semester of 1925 to 1929, as a scholarship holder of the Lithuanian Ministry of Education, he studied Baltic studies, Indo-German studies and philosophy at the University of Leipzig. Tolian Salys notes that during his studies he listened to these lecturers and professors in Kaunas: M. Biržiška, A. Būga, A. Jablonskis, A. Sennas, A. Sezeman, A. Strauchas, A. Studeras, A. Tamošaitis, A. Tumas, A. Volteris, A. Yčas; In Leipzig —Driesch, Dittrich, Gerulli, Heinze, Hertel, Junker, Krueger, Meyer, Trantmann. But not everything was rose-coloured. The events of the last months are reflected in the request of A. Sali to His Excellency Ponni, Minister of Education, dated 17 July 1929. “Yesterday I presented my final dissertation “Žemaičių dialektai” to the Faculty of Philosophy of the University of du Leipzig. Part I. "The History of the Earthquake". The work was completed in less than a month. I could not jo pass because the Germans made difficulties not to allow to the exams. For had to to cry even our Representations in Berlin". Continue Salys writes that he will have to take the repeat exams in August. the first days, but already haven't what to iš pay the exam fees stamps), so he has (200 the honour to ask Jo Your Excellency, give me a 500 litas allowance for the exam. The request to extend the scholarship for one month was granted: "for Bank of Lithuania sent Tamstai last time dol. 30 n.e.c. July to pay the scholarship’ ir — warning: ‘hereinafter referred to as the scholarship. It will not be sent to him" (Taréjas A.Danilianskas). Archives of the University of Leipzig A. Salio dissertation defence documents: publication of a special form No. P. 91 about the defense of the doctoral dissertation in philosophy, where the attachments are listed (mentioned curriculum vitae, explanation ("Erklaürung") three reviews ir ("Zengnisse") and, most importantly, the dissertation opponents' reports (" Referat" our — old term review). The papers are written on a special form sheet, where the requirements are defined, what abilities the candidate must have when undertaking independent research, requirements for assessing the content ką of the work, as well as assessment marks (Noten). Here is the text of the first report. Ponas Salys, as a Zemgaly, wanted to provide a description of Zemgaly larmi. Iš the historical philological introduction of this dissertation grows the history of the Zemgale dialect. It is iš precisely that most of the claims of linguistic ir isloriya about the area of the Žemaičių dialect are based on bare guesses, which are often wrong, especially if they are based on Russian Polish sources. ar Salys examined all the German, Russian and Polish sources ir available today and also ir travelled to all the Zemgallen himself. He now presents well historically ir philologically (names identification) argumented history of the Žemaičių dialekto area, otherwise, the first in all. be iš It is a scientifically valuable work. It substantially enriches our knowledge in this area. The approach presentation shows ir independent, methodical thinking. For I offer to despite the sometimes somewhat inflexible German language first grade very good 1929 m. July 13 d. Gerullis 18 Here is also a shorter proposal of the second rapporteur Prof. R. Trautmans: I fully agree with the content of the first rapporteur's commentary on the really very valuable work on a fragment of an important Baltic living space of 15 July 1929 Trautmann's dissertation was rated "very good" (Mit Note I) and approved by the signatures of 18 members of the board. He was allowed to take oral examinations. On July 23, 1929, Prof. Gerulis rated the examination in Baltic Studies as "sehr gut"; also — "ausgezeichnet" — passed the Indo-European linguistics exam (prof. Junker), the philosophy exam on July 25 was rated "sehr gut" and described by Prof. Driesch with the words: "Strong knowledge and enjoyable own thinking" ("Sicheres Wissen und erfreuliches eigenes Denken"). Here is also the resolution of the dean of the Faculty of Philosophy, A. Hofmann, and the traditional stamp of graduation: "The oral examinations were passed very well (Demnach ist die mündliche Prüfungen bestanden mit Note I)". Leipzig, 25 July 1929." The same document states that the provisional certificate of the defence of the doctoral dissertation was issued on 26 July 1929, and the doctoral diploma on 21 June 1930. The case is closed with the last stamp on 26 July 1930. After returning to Kaunas in early 1930, Dr. Salys was invited to take up the position of associate professor at the Faculty of Theology and Philosophy. "On January 6, he gave an introductory lecture on phonetics and spelling, and in the spring semester he will give a lecture on phonetics and an introduction to the study of Baltic languages- ," wrote Židinys, 1930, No. 1. Antanas Salis began his independent scientific activity and intensive pedagogical work at Vytautas Magnus University. 19