Priebalsių „s:š“ ir „z:ž“ įvairavimo šiaurės rytų varniškiuose klausimu

LITHUANIAN KALBOTYROS QUESTIONS XXXV (1995) LITHUANIAN LEXICOLOGY INVESTIGATIONS Vytautas VITKAUSKAS į DIVERSIFICATION OF ir ADDITIVE SUBSTANCES s:z:2 SIAURES EAST In many of the Žemaičių dialects, especially in the northern Žemaičiai (in the area of the Dūnininkai), there are written various words, where the consonant fluctuation in certain word s ir š, z ir ž forms can be seen!. ir In this case, we want to examine the southern highland Varniškis eastern (north-eastern muddlers) the same phenomenon. There are three sub-sections: 1. Some words are pronounced only su s, z instead of the common language ar of other Lithuanian speakers š, ž; 2. In individual conversations — fluctuates one-way pronounced s, z, kitur š, ž. There is not even an isoglossa, — there are just duplicates; 3. Substituted z fat ž. Some of such iš examples recorded published ir In the "Dictionary of Northeastern (1976), Mudmen's Slang" some examples are written later (such words are recorded ir in adjacent vad. in the talks of dounists — "Ruda, Ruda, Ruda, Ruda". 1. 100 mg/ day "cumshot" (plg. kū.m's't'e, kum's't'ė.k'e Pvn, Vsn, Vds) || "cumshot" (Kūm's'ti Wood, Wrap, Krš, Plg. kū.m's't'e Eig, Pp, Rdn); Plessix "robber" (p'lies'klie Pvn, Vksn, Uzv; Rdn, pliésk'ié Tree, rope, dream. Krš), bream "plaštakė,moths"“ (p'l'es't'ū-k'e Užv, Vkšn, Pvn), plestėkė "handcuff" (P'les't'e ki Krš, Drv, Vrp); Plexiglass ‘pliuskis’ (more.s'k'is Pvn, Vksn, plūs'k'is Krs); grazna "discipline" (Greasy Pvn, Vksn, Krš, Drv), graznéti "safe" (grazniot'e Pvn, Vkin, Uzv, grazndoti Krs, Vrp), star "star" (2see'd'ie Pvn, Vkšn, žvaizddiė Krš, Drv; stared Vrp, Vds), displayed "many stars to be": gražė, nus'ižvaiz'd'iejis dun.gūs Infringement; zabtai "gills, lips" (p.p.t.: Pvn, za’pta: Woods, P., eds. muffled: Krš nj. because of the decline of snitch traits? ). Compare the names of ir other streams in the lake: Lūkstas (Lu:ksc ež. Pvn, Varn, Vksn, up. li'ksc Ringuvos ds. inlet Krs). Joins another loan: silkas "silk" ir vedic silk "silk", silk wool "silk ir wool" (s'ēl.ks Pvn, Vkšn, Vds, if ks Krš, Vrp, Drv, s%lk%.n'is Pvn, Uzv, Vksn, s'il'k'in"is Krs, Drv, Vrp, s'el.kv'e. I'm gone. Pvn, Vkšn, s'il. kv'il'n'es Krs, Drv). Although we do not have ir etymology, but similar z appears in words ir mazyti "torture" (mon'dZstle, ndza mo Pvn, Uzv, Vksn), remézytis "screaming" (r'em/é-2i-t'i-s Pvn, Vksn, r'em/ei-t'i-s Drv, Krs, Vip). 2. a) Fluctuating words ir form in individual Snektos (area question): | 1 Būga K. Selected Writings 3, Vilnius 1961, 220—250; Zinkevičius Z. The Lithuanian 2, Vilnius 1987, 19— 24. 176 language history gėštautas || gėstautas "such a carnation" (gūošta.- uc Pvn, Vkšn, gūostauc Vrp, Drv), klūksnis || klūkšnis "gurkšnis": klū.ks'n'is Pvn, klūkšnis Vrp, ožkūkšnis || ožkūksnis "šaltekšnis" (uoska-ks'n'is Pvn, Krš, Drv, uoška:ks- 'n'is Vrp, Rdn), gufksnis Drv || gurkšnis nj. Krš, Drv; piselioties || pyselioties "knebinėtis" (p'-s'el'uot'i-s Pvn, Uzv, p'i-s'el'uot'i-s Kr, p'i:š'el'uot'i-s Drv), pliūskė || pliūškė "village dances" (p'!'ė.s'k'e Pvn, p'l'é.5k'e Vkšn, Užv), skrabti || škrabti "to scratch, to cold" (skrd.p't- 'e Pvn, Vkšn, škrap't'i Krš, Drv, Vrp), skrūbis, -ė || šraūbis, -ė "sudžiūvėlis" (skra-b'is Pvn, Užv || skrd-b'is Drv, Krš, Vrp) —but of all the spoken languages here only škrabalas "sudžiūvėlis" (škra-ba.- ls Pvn, Vkšn, Vds, skra-bals Drv, Krš, Vrp), skurlis || škurlis "razor" (skū:r'is Pvn, Vds, Vkšn, $kur. Tis Drv, Krš, Vrp (and all Vedic: skurlinis || škurlinis "skudurinis”, skuflininkas, -ė || škuflininkas, -ė "skudurininkas"), skūrti || škūrti "to tear" (sko.r't'e Pvn, Užv, Vds, škūr't'i Drv, Krš), sptglis || špiglis "spyglys" (s'pagllis Drv, spt. glis Vds || &'p'igl'is Vrp, Krš), spiglitiotas || špigliūotas, -a "spygliuotas" (s'pligli-c Drv, s'pligli-c Vds, §'pliglii-c Vip, Krš), spoksdti || špoksdti "spoksoti" (spuoksiot'e Pvn, Vksn, Spuoksioti Krs, Drv, Vrp), stybra || štybra "a very tall man" (s't4-bra Pvn, Uzv, §1% bra). Vrp) and others. This is also the case for a whole series of derivatives of the suffix -sena || -šena: berigsena || berigšena "completion" (b'ė"nks'- ena Pvn, Vkšn || b'é'nks'ena Vds, Uzv || ben. ks'ena Drv, Krs, Rdn), epsena || cypsena || cypsena (er p's'ena Pvn, ci-pdena Drv, Krš and Rdn; é&i-p'dena Vip), eisena || eišena "way of going, way of walking, way of walking" (ais'ena Pvn, Vkšn, dis'ena Užv, Vds, ati.šena Drv, Krš, Vrp; aiš'ena and Rdn, Kaunatava, Dūseikiai- ), jaūksena || jaūkšena "cauking, shouting" (kduks'ena Pvn, kaū.kš'ena Drv, Krš), kroksena || kroksena "weeping, seeing" (krūoks'- ena Pvn, Vkšn, krūoks'ena Užv, Vds, kruokšena Drv, Krš —krūokš'- ena and Rdn), lėksena || lėkšena "running, running" (lieks'ena Pvn, liéks'ena Drv, Krš), sprogsena || sprégsena "explosion, death, nothingness". " (sprioks'- ena Vkšn, sprioks'- ena Vds, sprioks'- ena Drv, Krs, Vrp —sprioks'- ena ir Rdn, Trs, Pabalves k.), Zviégsena || ZviégSena "zviegimas, zyzimas” (žvti:-ks'- ena Pvn, Vkin, Zvi ks'ena Uzv, Vds, #v"i-ks'- ena Drv, Krš ir kt. Distinguishes only s'ep's'ena "nothing. death" Drv, Krš, Vrp (that's nj.?). lyzinties || lyZinties ”pacify, lick” (Li-2lin'tli- -s Krš, Vrp, li“žintis Pvn, Vkšn, Užv, l1-#int'i-s Drv), palizokas, -ė || paližūkas, -ė"palaižūnas, padlaižys? (palizuoks Drv, paležūoks Vds), vazma || važma “carried objects, goods” {vad Pvn, Vds, Vksn, vazma Drv, Kr3), zaksdti || zauksėti || zoksoti || yawn "silence, sit idle? (žaksūoti Drv, Krš, zauksūot'e Pvn, Užv, zuokstūot'i Krš, Vrp, Zaksiot'i Drv), zmegti || žmėgti "fall, attack, degrade, jump to the bread" (2Z'mékt- ’s Krš, Vrp, z/m'ė.kt- 'e Vkšn, Vds, ž'm'ėkt'i Drv, žm'ė.kt'e Pvn), zmegings || zmėkinis || žmesininis "rotten bread" (Zm'églin- 'i-s Pvn, Vds, 2/m'ėklin'- i-s Vkšn, ž'ėglinti- “s Drv), zufdoti || zurdoti 177 "kill, kill" (zur.duot'i Krš, z6-rdiot'e Pvn, Vkšn, suf. duot'i Wood, Wrap — ir žē"rdūot'eir Rdn, Girkauty k.), plg. still owed vdzotis vazotis || "walking, walking, walking” (vd-zuots-s Pvn, Vksn, va: Zuoti-s "Trev, Krš, Vrp". 3. In one word žylė — in all these conversations the consonaž: nt is pronounced žį-liė Pvn, Užv, Vkšn, -lié 3 Drv, Krš #45 (especially popular was the saying File plellieda vef.su's al'ė n'epasidi-su of Drv, File pleading rsi-s ve Pvn). Sie all examples show in these $nektose had some interesting phenomenon. For so ko fluctuating and s, pronunciaš, tion of individual words in ir certain forms, one can only guess. All that is clear is that all these schnekts in these examples speak departing from all the forms used by the majority of Lithuanians su š ar ž. Thus, one can only guess that there were people here who instead of Lithuaniš, ž ans had spoken s, z, later in one word they kept them (kūmsčia || kūmstė, vazma, zdbtai), in others mixed (skrabti || škrabti, zaksdti || žaksdti) ar even completely (. changed žilė). In Žemaitija, ir even in the western Highlands, there are many such facts (e.g., vazmad, as shown in The LKŽ database, which po wiped out all Žemaičiai — Vn, Grdm, Vvr, Sv, even highlanders ir po — Jrb, Pgg (used in Prussian Lithuanian writings), plėskė — LKŽ X 160 according to mažne of some Zemgalians, also plestėkė, ir plestekė (LKŽ X 161, LKA I 86). Pagal K. Būgą ir Z. Zinkevičius can guess that there were here facts of Curonian-Žemaičių bilingualism? (plg. still here ei ir ie exchanges*), close contacts. This may to have led to the ir emergence of words s, where the š, pronunciation is confused in some cases due to the exchange of influences ar due to dialectal bų changes. ar There may be a ir recent change due to unusual z pronunciation alignment (e. g. zmegti ir žmėgti, zurdoti ir žurdoti; these are recordings of the last years, when the distinctiveness of these peripheral Žemaičių dialects, the internal system of phonetic laws (plg. still so-called nearby "sleeves" sniff similar expressions)?. Particularly interesting suffixes -year || -side fluctuations. Evening snitches have only -old, northern Samogitians, even Akmeniškiai, Papilėniškiai, where there were Latvians. farms (In Biliūniškiai, Barvydžiai, Vegériai, Elkiškiai) it is — only spoken in the wide area elsewhere. ir Like what a wedge is Parish of Kuršėnai (how many examples are written about Red, one another Kaunas). You can guess: a) these are iš borrowed Latvian words (the ir remoteness of the Latvian language area does not allow to ir insist on geography); it is by gaišena, b) lūšena, vėšena generalized; by confusion of pronunciatic) on in certain s ir š forms of the Baltic suffix *-siėna“ or according to iš V. Mažiulį *-si-ana®, iš -sio ? BūgakK. Tenpat; Zinkevičius Z. Idem. : 3ZinkeviciusZ. Min. weak., 21; White k out k as V. One of a Kind. — Issues of Lithuanian Linguistics 32, 1993, 238. Jonaitytė A. New data on Consonant Consonant Consonant Consonant Consonant — Issues of Lithuanian Linguistics 3, 1960, 79— 83. EndzelinsJ. Latvian grammar, Riga, Latvia 1951, 296— 297; Skardžius P. Lithuanian language word formation, Vilnius, 194 , 234. $MaziulisV. Dictionary of Prussian Language 1. Vilnius, 1988, 152—153. 178 ar -si because of consonaš nt sir mixing, maybe i Ir with some influence of Latvian language "chosen" constructive consonant of this cold language suffix š. Another feature of this phenomenon is that — the use of many similar words does not have isoglosses. The words su unrakutu s, z are as if scattered throughout the territory in individual villages. It may already indicate the survival of iš the entire former area, where the previous phenomenon prevailed (possibly ir substrate). Since there are many different facts recorded in the Samogitian dialects examined here, there can be no coincidence. There may be some relics of the Curonian language here, cf. also the place names Kuršėnai, Kuršai, the aforementioned hydronyms Likstas’, the place names Zabikai, Zubris up. of the neighbouring people of Papilėniškiai, in the pronoun combination of the people of Pavandeniškiai (there are also people of Sake and Luokiškiai) Sg¢deklés mountain, the fluctuation of the name of the village of Pavandenė Sakalinė and Šakalinė, etc. It is possible to think differently (especially about the words skurlis || skutlis, goštautas || gostautas, žilė), but the abundance of facts still shows that there was a special situation of the Žemaičių šnektų here, when the regular pronunciation of the majority of Lithuanian š, 2 fluctuated in certain words and forms. ON THE VARIETY OF CONSONANT S:S AND Z:Ž IN THE DIALECT OF NORTH —EAST VARNIAI SAMOGITIAN Summary In the dialects around Kursénai, Dirvonenai, Uzventis, Vidsodis generally are used such kind of words, where instead of the consonants (sonds) §, žin the common language are pronounced 8, Z (pléske, kūmstė || kūmsčia, plestekė || pleštakė), the lake and the river Lūkstas, žvaizdė (žvaizė), zabtai (also compare silkas, mązyjti and so on). Other words in this area vary: goštautas Pavandenė, Viekšnaliai and gostautas Kuršėnai, ožkakšnis Kuršėnai, Pavandenė and ožkūksnis Varputėnai, skrabti Pavandenė, Viekšnaliai and škrabti Kuršėnai, Dirvonėnai, skūrti Pavandenė, Viekšnaliai, Užventis, Vidsodis and škūrti Dirvonėnai, Kuršėnai, sptglis Dirvonėnai, Vidsodis and špiglis Kuršėnai, Pavandenė, spokscoti Pavandenė, Viekšnaliai and špoksoti Kuršėnai, Dirvonėnai, begsena Pavandenė, Viekšnaliai and begšena Kuršėnai, Dirvonėnai, bengsena Pavandenė, Viekšnaliai, Užventis and berigšena Dirvonenai, Kuršėnai (and also Raudėnai), vazma Pavandenė, Užventis, Viekšnaliai and važma Kuršėnai, zmėgti Pavandenė, Vidsodis, Viekšnaliai and žmėgti Kuršėnai, Dirvonėnai, zurdoti Pavandenė, Viekšnaliai and žurdoti Kuršėnai, Dirvonėnai. The word for the common language zyle in all these dialects is pronounced like žylė. It is possible that in these dialects some phonetic phenomena existed, when the pronouncing of the consonants (sounds) s, z and §, ž began to stagger. It is possible that there was some contact, even bilingualism, between Žemaičiai (Lowlanders) and Kursches. As a result of this mixing occurred (begsena, eisena and so on) there may be and not so old exange s, z to š, Z or on the contrary some as if irregular position (Zmeginys and so on). "Vana gas A. Etymological Dictionary of Lithuanian Hydronyms, Vilnius, 1931, 198. ’ +, 179