Daiktavardžio „širdis“ dariniai

XXXV (1995) LITHUANIAN LEXICOLOGICAL STUDIES Zita ŠIMĖNAITĖ THE HEART OF THE NOUN 01. Heart is a word of the old Indo-European lexical layer, belonging to the class of words of specific semantics, the lexical semantic group of words of body parts (somatisms). "23 Heart Meanings in the Academic "Lietuvių kalbos Zodynas"". This multi-meaning word is widely used and is the basis for a number of derivatives and derivatives. The aim of this article is to describe constructs based on the noun širdis. The material was collected from "Lietuvių kalbos zodynasTM (hereinafter —LKŽ), its catalog (hereinafter —LKŽK) and dialect dictionaries“. Examples collected by the author are also used. i | 02. Each of these constitutes a subset of the matrix. A construct is a measured word, and its lexical meaning depends on the parts that make it up. In analyzing the relationships of work, the opposition of work was used: the product — the heart. The semantics of the word is determined by the semantics of the base word. The heart is the basis of derived and enriched nouns and adjectives. to 03. In the system of word formation there is a clear law that "the word formation is always based on the need of one base word". Not all heart values are equally operatively active. * 1. The noun heart is Vedic 1. The Vedic is based on one basic word. The noun heart can be the basis for derived nouns and derived adjectives made with suffixes and endings. ? e Sabaliauskas A. Lietuvių kalbos leksika, Vilnius, 1990, 15. 2 Dictionary of Lithuanian Language 14, Vilnius, 1986, 850—866. Remove the arrow 2 Dictionary of Lithuanian Language 3—15, Vilnius, 1956—1991; II ed. 1—2, 1968—1969. YVitkauskas V. North-eastern mudworker dialects dictionary, Vilnius, 1976; Petrauskas J, Vidugiris A. Lazūnų dialect dictionary, Vilnius, 1985; Naktinienė G.,,Paulauskienė A.,, Vitkauskas V. Druskininkų dialect dictionary, Vilnius, 1988.; For the concepts of the basis of the work and the form, see Ur butis V. Theory of word construction, Vilnius, 1978, 87, 178, 208. + Ibid., 66. Ten pat, 155; Taip pat T x xoHoB A. H. Caoeoo6pa30eameAbnbtlū cnoeapb pycckozo Aska 1, Mocxrsa, 1985, 38. 148 1.1. Išvestiniai širdies daiktavardžiai 1.1.1. From the noun heart is mainly made of preposition derivatives. The number of deminutives is abundant. 1.1.1.1. The heart deminutives have the most characteristic meaning of pleasure. The most common are the prefixes širdies reikšmėmis, pvz.: -elė and -ė. It is based on both direct and transitive S13: Kadalojas muno šir d él é, istiesu kojas DunZ117°. Léké kulkelé like a garden bee over a smart head, over a dying heart d él ¢ JD1142. So: Sukesi, your §erdele finds, and again it will be good Krm. Know my heart, every country a virgin KrvD137. Heart —ne milo skiautelé Rg. Ss: Worker's handles are black, but also white LTR(S)). Alexey, refresh $ir cause somehow End. Baby, baby, this little girl wants, but the little body doesn't want Pv. In the sense of pleasure, the prepositions -uzė (-uzélé), -iké, -aite, -alė deminutives are also used, e.g. : Si: Sirdiké tuk tuk, tuk tuk Lkv. So: My heart, my mistaken, what shall I do to calm you? KlvD27. My sir daité [je] a lot of love words D117. Feels my this rdźę le, not long here I'll be, not long I'll be DrskD74. S3: Dosli ši r daitė tuščia kambarėlė Erž. Gera §irdal é — plika subinale Ggr. S4: Nor mano §ir du zé saldaus mieguzélio N40. In songs, only the heart diminutive is used, usually Sirdéle. nės deminutive, in Prussian songs this rule is not observed. When we talk about the heart as a symbol of feelings, we say: širdėlis, širdytis, širdditis, e.g. : In Rusnės yard grows my little flower, there Nors moteriškosios giminės daiktavardžių įprasta daryti moteriškosios gimirests my little heart RD32. Drink, drink, virgin, drink, drink, young woman, this is Ly j my treasured KlpD26. In songs, the heart deminutive, which is a permanent epithet, is feminine next to feminine and masculine nouns, e.g. : Sesule viesnele, dalyk spodkus: tėvuliui širdelei-—- palši aičiai, motulei § ir del ei —margos kavos VoL392(OKaip linksmas man širdyt [i] s yra RD198. O aš ir josiu į tą kiemelį, kur rimst mano širdaitis RD41". nš). Grandma this rd ele, it's for you, it's for you, you raise a daughter not for yourself, not for yourself LTsl471. Thank you dad, I am glad that you raised me beautifully TZ1153(Sn). Parein 8 Heart values according to the LCZ marked with the letter and number SH. tini Abbreviations the same as the LKZ, only dialect dictionaries indicated and halfapis. ; 10 In the songs written by L. Rēza, the adjectives are combined with the feminine nouns: Ar ne lengva, ne linksma tavo ši rdelis? RD83. Thousands of hearts of young girls RD1. The masculine diminutives of the heart may have been influenced by the German language, cf. das Herz, das Herzchen. 149 tevelis, parein širdelė žirgo neradęs nei kamanėlių Niem8. Ei, kūmužė, Why don't you invite me to your house? JD20. She was the mother of a son named after her, and the mother of a močiute Sir dužėle, ar tu turėjai didį vargelį, ik mane užauginai? Niem4. daughter named after her son named after her, and the mother of a daughter named after her son. 1.1.1.2. The graceful deminutives of the heart with suffixes -elė (-elytė), -užė (-užėlė, -užytė), -ytė, -ikė, -ulė are used also in figurative sense: this is how a person is addressed, signifying favor, affection. When addressing persons, grammatical gender is ignored: $irdélé, srcyte is used to address both a woman and a child. A man, for example. : You know, this r d ė Le, this year you have to throw [potatoes] densely: pista, may not sprout Pv. Oh, this part you're mine, neighbor, I'll tell you big news V.Myk-Put. Daddy, this r d el e you my dear, you raised the sons of us three as one LTR(Ktv). My little sisters, my little hearts, you're going to steal the great Fic tu, my treasure, what a beginning, such an end Jnšk. Gaspador, dad, $1 r d y t, what the hell did you do to that guy? Sln. I didn't call dvarelį (d.) Ktv. Ponuliai, ši * d e Lė s, jei man duotūt va čia pasistatyt Dg. him by his nickname, "this is my JV880, darling." Thus, on the basis of the meaning of pleasure of the deminutive, the meaning of the pleasure of the adverb was formed: a new, nominal relationship between the base word and the meaning of the deminutive form appeared. It is also used in non-deminutives, e.g. : Mother, I didn't cry, this r d 1s my, I didn't cry (d.) Dbg. In the early 18th century, J. Brodowski recorded kind addresses in his handwritten dictionary: Mano 5 i d e I, mano sakalél, mano auksel B690. G. Neselmanas and F. Kuršaitis Sirdié mano, renkis in veseliją: tavo vyriausia sesuo Zenyjasi LB168. provide the following deminutives of the heart: Mano širdel,manoširdyt N. Auksutis, auksutėlis, dūšelė, ši r d 1k ė, širdytė Kll148. Heart, heart, heart heartbeat KI635. My heart, heartbeat, heart, fish, bird KI3T1. In the dictionary of F. Kuršaitis there is also a masculine gentile address širdūkas (KI635, KII148). A male person is addressed by the masculine deminutives širdelditis, širdūlis, širdulėlis, širdūkas, širdutėlis, e.g. : That you want to know, my heartbeat, then listen! I. Father, shit! Dg. Sweetheart, why are you crying? Sts. You're sitting here, sit down, be DrskZ376. I miss you, sir, I miss you, Sts. Heart, heart, heart, heart not only addressed, but also called a cute, dear person, e.g. : I won't see my heart for squares parling home Grk. There is that there are three tissues, there is that there is no muon heart D29. I've spent a few on my dear this r due to JV950. The cross made her worse, especially remembering her never-returning beloved heart prs. 1.1.1.3. The deminutives of heart with suffixes -elė, -ikė, -(t)ukė, -utė are used in the minor meaning, when the heart denotes the central part of plants and devices or something resembling the shape of a heart, e.g. : Only the axle of the tree was, the very heart Trk. Where the bells ring without this rdely, where the organs play without pirsteliy LTR(Pnd). Already let the 150 hearts green [strawberry] SI. Maybe the beetroots will recover from this r j iki i Vdk. The cabbage only Sir jiúkės remained [from the gaps] Pc. Hearty grassland full of bees Drsk. [Linų] hearts we bend, piles we sell Er. Sir dik ¢s [obuoliy] pig cut, swallowed like a smell DunZ371. Those griusiy hearts k és small Rs. On this r d élé uZsimauna buduré Krkn. Sir di k é raises the side of the mill Tt. White drapery with hearts J Avyz. Hearts like they had bought Km. ; ; 1.1.1.4. Some heart deminutives with suffixes -elė, -uke, -ute, -ytė, -ikė have lexicalized meaning. They are named parts of certain objects, botany, zoology terms are made. The LKŽ mentions as many as 6 meanings of heart: feather stem core, mill spindle, spinning wheel pin, lock protrusion, pencil or marker core, earrings (Dicentra spectabilis). Hearts are called not only earrings (Š, LBZ, LFIII470, NdZ, Nė, Brz, Ds), but also hare tears (Briza media LBZ, LFII220, NdŽ), marsh mandrills (Parnassia palustris Kzt), mouths (Thlaspi Akm), star tricorns (Capsella bursapastoris Akm). Hearts are the name of earrings and tears, e.g. : We call this r d u k e m, or bells Dsn. And tears, and a heart of DrskZ376. Heart-shaped molluscs family (Cardiidae LTE(Papildymai) 600), heart —weaving shooter sheave (Pj), heart —pencil core (Pnm). The names of the mill bells širdėlė, širdikė, širdžikė (mainly data of the "Lithuanian Language Atlas", see LKAI141) are probably minor variants of the same meaning of heart and should have been presented in the heart socket. 1.1.2. From the heart are made the names of the owners of noun characteristics with suffixes -ininkas, -inė And with the ending -tusg. With the suffix -ininkas, -ė the noun of both genders is made heart, -ė (heart, -e; hearty, ep means a person with an unhealthy heart, e.g. : I'm a heartbeater, babimt and outvirsu Rdn. God forbid people to end their old age, we left the children ready for LKZK(Alz- ). His whole family was arrested, and he was imprisoned for DrskZ375. Adjective use is also possible, e.g. : This is a woman, many are hearty people DrskZ375. The same word refers to the horsetail (Leonurus), a plant used to treat the heart, e.g. : Where the spruce trees grow, with small blossoms, this irdin ykai leads, naked heart collects DrskZ375. Heart (BTŽ) — heart and suffix -inė derivative, the species name of the plant: variety of cherries, named after the similarity of its fruit shape. 11 Morphological, dialectal, ending variants are written in parentheses, which do not affect the semantics of the derivatives. 151 Hearty—an adjective noun for prayers dedicated to the heart of Jesus, e.g. : Anandien such a clergyman this r din és read Grg. Substantive endings -tus derivatives usually go with personal names. Hearts, shifdē are associated with the meaning of the gracious address of the heart (širdie) (see 1.1.1.2.), e.g. : What, 317 day, will you do J. Put on your head [the crown of your breasts], let it vaporize eternal unity with the appointed boy of your this Tr d ži u mi JR91—92. Your teeth will break out, your teeth will break out, neither will the shir jiuk nemylés nemylés JV7T18!?. An unclear derivative is hearts written by L. Ivinski in Viekšniai (TŽI352), meaning outburst, lichen. It can also be individual, random, because it is attested by only one source. The noun of the common genus širdžiai (Dkšt, Trgn), which refers to a person who is quick to get angry, could be associated with the verb širsti and with the noun širdis in the sense of "wrath, anger". 1.1.3. With the suffix -ystė, the noun is made the name of the property sirdysté, which is related to the shade of the meaning of the heart "heartedness, kindness, sensitivity, compassion". It is more commonly used to describe adjective abstractions (see sirdingjsté, heartiness). Sirdjsté is found only in church writings: Tavęsp tikt laikous iš ši r dy st és brs. 1.1.4. Atypical Vedic verbs are made with suffixes -ieté, -iena, -ulys, -esas, -asas, -ašas, -ekšnis, -eksnis, -oklis (-uoklis). Sirdiété — a name given to a person who belongs to a certain group of people: a member of the Congregation of the Sacred Heart of Jesus. From heart meaning "core of the tree" and suffix -iena made the species name of wood heart (Mt, BTŽ). With the suffix -ulys are usually made abstracts of verbs, going "names of physiological or mental phenomena and states (usually abnormal)- "! *, e.g., dizziness, vertigo. Heart disease is defined as "heart disease" by the LCI. This can also be done by using the same method as for the PGP key. : Bob's got two 1 § Trg. One had an operation, but did not recover — the chard had a K. From the word heart meaning "tree core" and the suffix -es, a derivative of the same meaning is made: heartesas, written only in Priekulė, e.g. : The rust of that tree is rotten, not suitable for shingles. The homonym used in Žemaitija, širdėsas (LKAI95, see Map No. 38), has the meaning of "iron pole, pierced through the crossbar and axle of the front wheels of the carriage". The basis of this Vedic meaning is the heart sema "middle", indicating the destination of the object. In common language, the chosen core is made of the noun core of more defined semantics. The same structure and the same meaning of derivatives made with suffixes -asas, -ašas, -ekšnis, eksnis. Hearts and hearts captured: 12.1. Ivinskis finds another meaning for the word Siam, that of “a lover, a lover”: Full of love words for women, this T d ži u s, smukcius I. 13 Grammar of the Lithuanian language 1, Vilnius, 1965, 292. 152 only in the Lithuanian language atlas, see LKAI95(Akm, Žr, Tv) and LKAI95(Pln), the heart-shaped word came from the dictionaries of F. Ruigis, K.G. Milkas and F. Neselman to the dictionaries of F. Kuršaitis and A. Kuršaitis. The latter also recorded a heartbeat. The derivatives of these words with the suffix -(i)ninkas (-nykas) —širdėšninkas (širdėšininkas, širdėšnykas), sirdasnykas, širdėkšninkas (širdėkšnykas, širdėčnykas) (see LKAI95, Map No. 38) —should be compared with the same meaning Russian. cepdeuwnux. Of all these variants, the most commonly used is the strudnik. From the dictionary of K. G. Milkas into later dictionaries (N,[K], NdZ, KZ) entered the -oklis suffix derivative širdoklis, whose meaning "hole for inserting the core" is based on the heart's sema "middle". A. Kuršaitis also gave the word of the same meaning with the suffix -uoklis: širduoklis (this is probably the result of mixing the sounds o and uo in Prussian Lithuania). 1.2. Derived cardiac watchdogs 1.2. from the noun širdis adjectives with suffixes -ingas, -a are made; -iškas, -a; -ytas, -a; -ėtas, -a; -inis, -ė and the ending -us, -i. 1.2.1. With the suffix -ingas, -a the adjective hearty, -a can mean: a) characteristics, motivated by the heart meaning shade "sincereness, kindness, sensitivity, compassion”, e.g. : Oh, Lithuanians, you are also my brothers! K. Donel. That is what I wish you from this r din g o s love S.Dauk. —Thank you for this r d in thank you Bb. Anas does not have the right to LzŽ257. There were no people with this T d ji a. b) characteristics motivated by the heart's meaning "wrath, anger", e.g. : Hearty man, very fighting quickly can DrskZ375. What are you doing here? Rs. Heartfelt bees Zt. —Sir d ij drowned Trgn. You didn't put a finger! You have a heart! Lp. c) the greatness of the characteristics related to the heart meaning "the core of the tree", e.g.: dis tree good Dglš. Sir dis neskala is KlvrŽ. In the dictionaries (H, CII172, R, MZ) the adjectives hearty, -a positive qualities first came into use. The term is also used in other contextŠitos pušys tai geras medis: jos ši r d ingos Pai Nusipjoauna kvają ir tokią, kad ji būtų ne šir d in g a, o balaninga LKŽK(Kpė). — Š i rs, such as in the literature. : Oh, such a great shir din g a, and unspeakable fun MP87. I'm sorry, sir, I'm sorry, sir, I'm sorry, sir, I'm sorry, sir, I'm sorry, sir. The meaning of this adjective, which denotes the anger-related characteristics, is familiar to eastern Lithuanian dialects. The meaning of the adjective širdingas, -a "brave, courageous" (B209, CI264, BBAg2,4,- M) is a semantic loan: in Lithuanian there is no similar heart 1.2.2. The adjective širdūs, -i has similar meanings related to the meanings of stingy goodness and evil, as the adjective širdingas, -a, e.g. : She was such a very over this r di reikšmės, galinčios jį motyvuoti. V.Piet. In the adjective we could also relate it to the verb šerti (except for the example from Jurbarkas, which is only, apparently, an abbreviation of nuoširdus or širdi žmona Jrb; Neerzink tu jo, ba anas labai ši r d ws Ds. Sita kalba paširdus- ). i bes, related to the heart meaning "wrath, anger", e.g. : But Sir d gtas: ani azujudint nemožna Arm. Hearty horse LKZK(Dv). I've never seen Sir Dito before, Dv. The two men get into a 153 fight with each other. 4 1.2.3. Su priesaga -ytas, -a padarytas būdvardis širdytas, -a žymi ypaty1.2.4. With the suffix -iskas, -a the adjective sirdiskas (šišdiškas), -a 2 denotes a characteristic, motivated by the similarity of the form of the main meaning of the heart "central circulatory organ", e.g. : Sir disk as leaf —with a deep triangular notch at the attachment point of the peduncle. Ištisiniai lapai būna skydiški, ši r di š ki, inkstiški, ietiški, strėliški LKŽK(rš). in In the ancient scriptures this adjective denotes a characteristic that can be associated with the meaning of the heart shade "heartedness, kindness, sensitivity, compassion” (see hearty, -a), e.g. : Sir dik a (true) love and kindness | BBPvP2, 1—2. The wordless man lost those words, full of pity this r d i §k o s SPII75. 1.2.5. With the suffix -etas, -a the adjective širdėtas, -a denotes characteristics related to the heart meaning "central circulatory organ" by the similarity of the form, e.g. : Ti abokas leaves big, this r dėti, whose penetration as the heart is S.Dauk. Here put canvas patterns Ggr. L. Ivinsky has indicated the core of this." | 1.2.6. With the suffix -inis, -ė, the adjective širdinis, -ė denotes characteristics: bes, related to the heart meaning "central circulatory organ" by affiliation, purpose i and similarity of būdvardžio reikšmę "ypatybės didumas”, siejamą su širdies reikšme "medžio form, e.g. : Cardiac muscle ja bę, related to the meaning "core of the tree", e.g. : Sir din é lenta pasiliekti neimaž nesusirietusi rš. DZ. Kad būtų ši rd inių vaistų davę, tai būt ligą nustūmę LKŽK(PI). Širdiniai lapai DŽ. Raštuose rastas šis būdvardis, žymintis ypaty1.2.7. In M. Daukša's "Postila", the ancient noun adjective "širdyjęjis, -ji" is used, which is related to the heart as a symbol of human feelings, the inner world, e.g. : Let us listen to him not so much with fleshly ears, but far more with heartsDP493. 2. Daiktavardzio širdis duriniai 2. Ddriniai are based on two reference words. Heart, as a component of a compound word, can be combined with a noun, adjective, verb, numeral and preposition. In modern Lithuanian grammar, prepositional nouns are considered derivatives of prepositions'*. A. Paulauskienė, emphasizing that "vediniai are based on a single base word, while the syntactic constru11 THEY kalbos gramatika 1, 423.; Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos gramatika, Vilction of sturiniai 154 is based on the combination of words nius, 1994"*, expands the concept of sturiniai by distinguishing the second type of sturiniai, consisting of one independent word and another servile. In the case of the prepositional noun heart, the structure of the noun corresponds to that of the prepositional noun. punches made up of two independent words. "Compositional words are equivalents of word combinations!". In the language, the combinations of words corresponding to the punches usually function side by side. The significance of the verbs is determined by the relationship between the two base words. The heart may be the first or second accent of a compound noun or compound adjective. The types of puncture considered are shown in Tables 1 to 4!”. 2.1. Composed nouns 2.1.1. Širdis, eidama pirmuoju dūrinio dėmeniu, sudaro sudurtinius daikpronouns, in combination with nouns and verbs. 2.1.1.1. S + D. The heart going through the first element defines the second element, indicating that the said thing is intended for the heart —"the central organ of blood circulation": kardidalašiai, širdūžolė (kardidžolė, širdžiažolė, širdžiažolė), širdžiažolynis (širdžiūžolynis). In the text, the meaning of these words is often explained: Heartworm only nu širdies mušimo LTR(Kltn). Širdžiažolynių paieskot reikia — from heart palpitations Nč. Herb tea good for the heart Klt. In the tinsel is written a word combination corresponding to heart drops: What are these for heart drops? Run. J. Pabrėža called the heartwort the composite term heart grasses, and the heart herbs he had named the clover (Dianthus deltoides). The earliest dictionaries contained heartwort: in K. G. Milkaus dictionary (1800) the medicinal rosehip (Pyrethrum parthenium) was named as such. It is a member of the genus Centaurea (Centaurium) of the genus Centaurea (Centaurium) of the genus Centaurea (Centaurium). 2.1.1.2. The heart passing through the first element defines the second element, indicating that the said thing belongs to the heart, the "central organ of blood circulation- ": the heart bone (Rz), the heart membrane (MedŽ425). 2.1.1.3. A heart in the first focus indicates that the thing said in the second focus is similar to a heart, resembles the shape of a heart. These are botanical terms: heart-leaf (nebesylas, Inula Mt, KŽ), heart-leaf (majanthemus lifolium LBZ, LFII543, NdŽ). The second point of these derivatives indicates the part of the plant, and the compound nouns metonymyically name the plants themselves. 2.1.1.4. Š + V. When the heart in the first accent indicates the object of the action expressed by the verb, we have the personal names širdūėdis, -ė; 15 Paulauskienė A. Morphology of Lithuanian language, Vilnius, 1994, 88. ) 18 Valentas S. Relationships between compound words and syntactic constructions, Vilnius, 1979, 3. “In the tables, the letter S denotes the noun heart, and the other letters denotes the elements of the noun according to the part of the language to which their base words belong: D — noun, B — adverb, V — verb, DI — participant, S — numeral, P — preposition. 155 heart; They are associated with constant word combinations (phraseologisms) heart eats, heart gnaws, e.g. : Who will regret such a heart-eater Stl. —Nothing good will come out of children, only heart eating Drsk; Such a rabble only eats the hearts of parents—a heart-breaking toad! DanZ371. —Small children break the backpack, and big ones gnaw at the heart LTR(VI). LKŽ with certificate neol. and the question mark presented Vaižganto širdžiasargis is only a novelization of the writer of unclear meaning. 2.1.1.5. This type of work belongs to the names of plants heartwort and heartwort. The botanical term heartworm is a metonymy for the genus Leonurus. In Kaltanėnai written štrdažolė synonym heartbeat, for example. : Heartbeat attached to the chamber, attached; ana has an unhealthy heart LKŽK (Klt). 2.1.1.6. A group of constructs, in which the first accent, heart, is the subject or object of the second-degree verb-speak action, resembles in meaning the abstracts of the verbs!®: širdieskaudis —heartache, širdgėla —heartache. Širdoplakis is based on a combination of words with a direct meaning and denotes an action: From what did ma[n] that sir doplakis remember? Jd. Other punchings of this type are based on figurative word combinations (phraseologisms) and describe the state: širdūpykis, širdūplakis, širdūskaudis (hirdskaudis), širdūskudis, širdžiagaila, širdgėla (širdgėla, širdgėlė, širdigėla, širdgilas, širdgila, širdgyla, širgilas), širdgrauža (širdgraužė, širdūgriauža), širdperša (širdperšas, širdperšis), širdplėša. Let us compare the use of punctuation and word combinations, e.g. : Well, we have mint drops: visiširdapykiai pagynaPlt. —The heart swells, I don't even want to eat anything Vvr. After eating, this rdiesA1884186 gets nauseous; I attacked the heartache DūnŽ371. —Teip šird is skauda -anéfra] what happened End. Have no children — have no heartache; I'll be heartbroken that my heart will beat, will the witch J. So I'll be heartbroken by my son's death! Ss. For all our life this r dgilas changes with joy S.Dauk. —Looking at her this r dg hurts Rs. You made me even more afraid and heartbroken, with your eyes pointing at me PP38; Then one heartbreak appeared in Ms. Such a heartbreak came, that you don't know where to thank me! LKŽK (Zlp). "What do you want, my dear?" Pvn. Isn't it heartbreaking such a sloppy kid! Nmn; You throw a word without thinking, and the next one's heart beats Vdig. —The heart of somebody peresta—- or the misfortune received Uzv. In the dictionary, the word first came into use. We find this punch in the heart slot of K. G. Milkaus dictionary. It was first published in the 1890 issue of the newspaper "Tiesos prietelius". Heartbreaker — a word in the dictionaries (Š, Rtr, BŽ220, NdŽ, KŽ), heartbreaker is written in Salantus, and heartbreaker, heartpity, heartbreaker have only one example each from the writings. The Žemaites are characterized by štrdgilis (S.Dauk, M.Valang, Žem, Kv, Als, Sts, Sd). From the punches of the same lexical meaning —Sirddplakis, 13 Plg. Languages of the World, 464. 156 Aaaa eo from hos una kia L Senge bua dos s PRAY, M.Martinaitis. And he cannot expect from his grandchildren, i.e. his grandchildren, neither sympathy for his old age nor understanding. M e din § ¢ rdis jukir Darius, medinširdis, oanukiene —ta dar medin ši rd e s n ė... R.Granauskas. Only in Vaižganto writings do we find split-hearted, sturdy-hearted, gentle-hearted, and SvieZiaSirdy: Acorns listen as their neighbours whisper — split-hearted starlings. If you had thought, you would have run and let out your intestines to a coarse-hearted greedy — such is the desire for revenge. Kazy was gentle-hearted, not cruel. In your youth, you are fresh-hearted, and you feel how you alone tend to love or hate. Uncharacteristic, isolated are the adjectives of Šatrija Witch and Vaižganta, made from the heart and the verb and the participant, e.g. : All the troubles are heart-breaking, it's just a dream Pt. Everything was covered with its gray cloak fog heartpressure Pe There were no rising SirdzZiasargiy around, who would have diverted their attention, deceived Vaižg. This leads us to the periphery of language. Not by chance deep-hearted, -ė; heart guard, -ė; heart pressure; -ė LKŽ are considered neologisms. Conclusions 1. The noun heart is a word of adjectively active semantics. His extensive work has resulted in a variety of publications. It is a self-contained, self-motivated, self-determined work. Both the literal and figurative meanings of the heart are involved in word formation. 2. Different groups of derivatives consist of derived and enriched nouns and adjectives. Most of them. heart formations are puncture. The most productive type of their formation is B + S. Most of the derived nouns are diminutives. The lowest — limb derivatives. After analyzing the oppositions of the action (compound +->heart- ), it can be said that the most active action is the main meaning of the heart "central organ of blood circulation". It is from somatism that the heart is made: 1) diminutives of pleasure with suffixes -elė, -ikė; 2) names of persons with noun attributes with suffixes -ininkas, -inė, -iete, -ulys; 3) adverbs with suffixes -inis, -ė; -iškas, -a; -ėtas, -a; 4) compound nouns: Š + D — names of objects and plants, B + Š — names of persons and animals, P + S — names of objects, Š + V — names of persons, states and actions; 5) compound adjectives: S + D denotes characteristics of objects by similarity, B + S metonymy denotes physical characteristics of a person. 4. the heart in the figurative meaning of "symbol of human feelings, attitudes, center of experiences, inner world" is the semantic basis of the creation of: 1) pleasant deminutives with suffixes -elė, -užė (-užėlė), -aitė, -elis, -uzis, -aitis, -ytis; 2) the ancient adjective Sirdyjejis, -ji; 5. From the heart in figurative sense "human character traits, inclinations, 163 attitudes” are made pleasant deminutives with suffixes -ele, -attė, -alė. 5.1 The shade of this meaning "heartedness, kindness, sensitivity, compassion" is the semantic basis of the verb: 1) the suffix -ystė of the noun attribute name shu; 2) adjectives with suffixes -ingas, -a; -iškas, -a and ending -us, -4; 3) prepositional adjectives besirdis, -ė; sincere, -4; heartfelt, -4. 5.2 Another shade of this meaning "a person with certain spiritual characteristics" helps to understand the motivation of the productive type B + S (and the closely related type D + S) of compound adjectives describing persons. The somatic heart, metonymyically meaning a person, gave rise to a large group of metonymy adjectives. This type of adjectives are not typical of the living language, they are more written and dictionary words. It is not necessary to record all regular structures in dictionaries, as most of them will remain as words of individual authors. 6. heart in the meaning of "core of the tree" has given the basis for the following forms: 1) deminutives with suffixes -elė, -ukas; 2) atypical names of persons with noun characteristics with suffixes -iena, -esas; 3) adjectives with suffixes -ingas, -a; -inis, -ė; -ėtas, -a; 4) for compound adjectives kiaurasitdis, -ė (B + Š), dviširdis, -ė (S + Š). 7.The extended noun heart construction system clearly shows that most of the language vocabulary consists of derivatives. ; 1. compound nouns with the second noun démeny déemeniu’ S D purpose Plant names I II Kas rodoma demuo demuo I apibreziamuoju Pavyzdziai sirdazolé (heartgrass, heartgrass, heartgrass= grass), heartgrass (Sirdziazolynis) Object names heartdrops Object names belonging heartbone, heart membrane spot spot I defining Examples spot similarity heartleaf, heartlobes | B S 2104 I II Kas rodoma characteristic distinctive Personal names external, Augalų pavadinimai physical weakhearted, -ė; strengthproperty heart, -ė; Animal names Ė naurasifdziai characteristic exclusive Names of persons inner, spiritual atlapaširdis, -ė; atviraSirdis property (atvirasširdis), -ė; good-hearted (geraširdis), -ė, etc. D Š Augalų pavadinimai belonging Names of persons arklasitdis (arklasirdis), -ė; corvelhirdis, -e; kiskiasitdis, -ė; sunsirdis, -e; Sunsirda; Names of persons material akmenširidis (akminširdis), -ė; goldheart, -e; ironhearted, -ēe; medziasitdis (medžiarddis), -ė; molaheart, -ēe; straudaširdis, -ė; šūdširdis, -ė r auksaširdė P S Personal names without lack besifdis (besirdis), -ė Augalų pavadinimai 165, I II Kas rodoma demuo demuo I apibreziamuoju Pavyzdziai demeniu Objekty nazwy po miejscowości demencja (demencja, demencja, demencja, demencja, demencja, demencja) do miejscowości demencja (demencja, demencja, demencja, demencja, demencja, demencja) 2. compound nouns with the second actionazZodiniu demeniu spot spot I control I II Kas rodoma examples spot S V action object Names of persons širdagraužis (Sirdagriauzis), -ė; heartworm, -ė; heart; širdžiasargis, -ė širdgloba širdaskaudis (širdskaudis), širdaskudis, širdgaila, širdgėla (širdgėla, sirdgela, sirdigela, širdgilas, Augalų pavadinimai širdgila, Būsenos abstraktai širdgyla, širgilas), širdgrauža (širdgriaužė, širdagriauža), širdperša (širdperšas, širdperšis), širdplėša demuo dėmuo I valdomuoju Pavyzdžiai dėmeniu veiksmo subjektas Augalų pavadinimai širdžiamušiai Veiksmo 166 I II Kas rodoma abstraktai širdoplakis širdapykis, širdaplakis Būsenos abstraktai 3. compound adjectives with second noun element || II What is shown demuo element I defining Examples element S D similarity širdlapis (širdžialapis), -ė; B S is characterized by the distinctive hearahirdis, -ė, silpnasirdis, -ė; external, physical split heart, -ė; stipriasirdis, -ė, characteristic wholehearted, -ė characterized by exceptional atlapaširdis, -ė; openhearted inner, spiritual (openhearted), -ė; good-hearted attribute (geraširdis- ), -ė, etc. D S belonging arklasirdis (arklasirdis), -ė; corvelhirdis, -e; kiskiasirdis, -e; sunsirdis, -e; zuiksirdis, -e substance akmenširdis (akminširdis), -e; goldheart, -e; gelzasirdis, -¢é; medziasitdis (medziasirdis), -ė; molasirdis, -e; cold-hearted, -ė; šūdširdis, -ė lack heartless - =4 - . . 167 I II What is shown spot spot defining , Examples I demeniu S S number single-hearted (single-hearted), -ė; two-hearted, -ė; nine-heart, action -& 3 Dl S characteristic heartworm, -ė P Š be (heartles- -ė s), from origin sincere (in our hearts), -i po origin heartfelt, -1 4. Composed adjectives su with the second substantive I II What is shown demuo dėmuo in the control I examples dėemeniu action Š V object sirdaedis, -ė; heart pressure, Stress -ė In this study speaks on of the words formės base a la name du širdis. Le goal—discover word le formatic potential de ce show the et relationships of formed words with meaningful background le de ce against. k A la formation des mots prennent par les sens propres les sens figurės et nom heart. du On can observe, gue more le active a la word formation is proper sense le "the main organ de la circulation du sang”. ; jį The groups sėparės constitute the nouns dėrivės the compound nouns, the et adjectives dėrivės the compound adjectives. et The formed words have different meanings motivated by sėmantigue S, their formative la basis. de | 168