Vidžių apylinkių baltarusių šnektos lituanizmai

LITHUANIAN SNEKTO LITUANIZMS IN THE VIDŽIŲ AREA During a dialectological expedition in 1991 in the Vidžių area (Breslau district, Vitebsk region, Belarus) in a radius of about eight kilometres around Vidžiūs —in the villages of Vidiškiai, Pakulniai, Laibūnai, Padrūkšės, Meškėliai, Išdėgėliai, Eitmėnai, Sniegiškiai, Ažūbaliai, Laūkiškiai, Bagdžiūnai, Trakiškiai, Vilkėniškiai (compare Vidziškiai!, Pakūlnia, Laibūny, Padrūkša, Maškėli, Zdsgeli, Jacmiany, Snėgiški, Ažūbali, Loūkiški, Bagdziūny, Trakiški, Vilkianiški) —no Lithuanian speakers were found. Here, as Zinkevičius insightfully points out in Ryt. 15, the old local people now speak Belarusian (not counting the people of other nations living in the town, cf. LKK 32 21), although many of them mentioned that their grandparents (and some of them even their fathers) have spoken Lithuanian for a long time. The fact that the investigated district was indeed Lithuanian in the past is well shown by the names of places of Lithuanian origin used there (see LKK 32 21—33). Thus, relatively recently, due to the unfavorable social factors for the Lithuanian language in this region, the local Lithuanians were relatively quickly outnumbered, and their eastern Dzūkų dialect was assimilated by the Belarusian dialect. The people of the village speak Russian, some Polish, and in these languages they communicate mainly with the authorities, non-native people, and often with their converted children. In the study of all parts of the local Belarusian schnekt, a considerable amount of the linguistic heritage of the assimilated Lithuanian schnekt, clear elements of its substrate, distinguishing it from other (even neighboring) Belarusian schnekts by certain specific features, has been found (see Baltistica 1979 52—65). The most striking are the lexical licuanisms of the Vidžių šnektas, which are quite abundant here. Some of them have only been noticed in the conversation (perhaps later they will be discovered in other conversations), others are used in other Belarusian border dialects and are already published, but here they often differ in form, pronunciation, and sometimes in meaning. In order to be aware of all the words already written in the speech 1 Slavic words are presented in the article in Latin letters. Their sounds, which do not exist in Lithuanian, are presented here as follows: the vowel e is left after the hard consonant with the Slavic —a, their x is written Lithuanian p syllable y — Lithuanian i, the Belarusian blowing g — Lithuanian hk, the Lithuanian-origin palatal n before k, g — Lithuanian n with an elongated right part. The right-hand side of the head is high. The hardness of the [in the consonant group before the anterior vowel is denoted as the Polish hardness {. The place of accent of a word is indicated by an acute, written at the top of the vowel. In the illustrative sentence, only Lithuanianism is pronounced. In general, the phonetics of dialect illustrative sentences is adapted as much as possible to Lithuanian pronunciation. 32 the number of lituanisms, in the article in alphabetical order with illustrative sentences highlighting the meaning of each lexicon, all the words of Lithuanian origin written here (along with their variants) are given, explained by bk. word, the possible source of their origin, related Lithuanian words, their direct Lithuanian equivalents are indicated. In order to avoid repetition, the Lithuanian equivalents of the Lithuanianisms of Belarusian dialects already published in our be previous articles are presented. aciūža 'horror, disgust': Noh ne vidacca, aciūža robicca 'no feet to see, horror takes over', cf. lit. atšiūžus 'horrible, disgusting, terrible, ugly', atšiūžu'shocking', šiūžūs'shocking', šiūžu'shocking' (LKŽ I 440; 14 976). The word is clearly prepositional (preposition at-, root -šiūž-), and the Afrikaans c formed at the junction of its morphemes has undoubtedly arisen from č (t+š), a possible object, and in the soil of Lithuanian šnekta. The same meaning of actiūža was previously recorded in the Apso Belarusian dialect (Jūodelėnai village, Breslaujos r. —SBG I 136), but we were not able to determine its Lithuanianness at that time. adliga *'dehydration': adliga, pajedzym na zaicy ’dehydration, we go to hunt rabbits?, cf. lit. remuneration 't.p.' akat/akėta 'aked': akaty ū barley and pšanicy; God forbid, as u voice akat papadzec', hlízec' ne mozna; akéty poisavali "barley and wheat acot; God forbid, if the eye gets a crack, you can not open it; akuotus paisydavo'. The form of the word is also used in the meaning of 'branch': u ščuki šmat akėtau 'pike of one branch'. Both forms are used in parallel, but the former is more common among the older generation. It's a lie. actuated/- actuated direct equivalents, changed by lie. uo > br. a, o phonetic adaptation (cf. LKBil. 125—127). aliary 'ajerai': korni aliarau —like a hawk's neck; aliary talsciny jak paliac 'ayer's roots —like bonegrass; ajarai prsta’. The lexicon is a direct counterpart of Lithuanianized Slavism. See also 53. aliaryn 'ajerynas': kački ū aliaryne 'antys ajeryne', plg. lie. intestine. aliaryne ‘ajeryne’, see also aliary. arūody/harūdy ‘aruodai- ’: arūody ū svirne dlia ausa, ja¢menia; u hariudy money sypali ’aruodai barn for oats, wheat; in the ploughs the grain is poured.’ The second gender of the lexicon is more common in the language of younger people and is more slavic, cf. lit. varieties. ašaki/asaki 'ašakos': in a fish shell; as the grains are reduced in size; asaki jos'c' u rybe 'fish gills sharp; the ears of grain remain in the crop; žuvys su aSakomis’, cf. lit. dsakos. The first form of Lithuanianism is more typical of older people. It is closer to the Lithuanian gender and has retained its characteristic place of interjection. The second one is more glorious. This is shown by both its pronunciation and lies. The word is derived from the Slavic s. atadur'recluse': haty ūdavec —atadur neūdaly: ne lučycca i da svajich 'that widower' —unsuccessful atadur: he leaves and savy'. It is a form of Lithuanianism typical of the eastern Aukštaitija. intestine. atadura "defense". ataduram'separately': tak i žyli jany ataduram pry lese 'that's how they lived in the forest with the ataduram'. And the form of this lexem is quite close to its source, atasy/atėsy 'aties': atasy dzeržuc' used; atésy kalia ahlobli 33 plg. lie. intestine. atadūrom ’lazy’. 'atsijos regulates the turn; a position next to the yen; plg. lie. intestine. reflection. The morphology of both lexems is adapted to the Belarusian language system, the form atasy a more reliable Lithuanian source was perhaps * atasajė, cf. atsajė (LKŽ I 419), also cf. LLTP 59. atėžaly/- atėžalki/- atėžyly 'children': ū atėžaly pasla bul'ba; the apples are growing, and the apple trees are withering; apple pie with atesalka; jažmin atizyly daūšy ’the potatoes went to waste; the offspring grow, and the apple tree withers; apples from offspring; jasminas išmušė atzalas’, cf. lit. intestine. atūžalai ‘t.p.’, atažėla ‘atzala’, see also LLTP 59. Thus, the form atožyly in Belarusian conversation could possibly have evolved from atazela, their a being in an unpronounced position. baldavėška 'card with a thicker end to scare fish': baldavėškai bjoš pa vadze, i ryba liacic’ u brodzen' 'the card moves through the water, and the fish runs into the broom'. Acknowledging the existence of parallels of the same words with the root air u in Lithuanian dialects, caused most likely by the change of the order of the a vowels to the u (e.g., saléti/suld, stabaras/stiburas —cf. Vitkauskas 204—207; an analogous law is also characteristic of Belarusian $nekts, e.g., balavėžka/bulavėška 'thickening of the rod' —Tlum. LLTP 55-56. balunda 'poor lean soup': balundy nachliubalsia i ne sytna 'I ate a lot on April 1st and was not satisfied', cf. intestine. balunda ’bird’, as well as LLTP bažslka 'head of a snake': bazslka 55—56. da capa pryviazana ’head attached to a snake’. The word comes from li. buožėlė ’spragilo galva’ and sl. suffixes -Ka. Of the lie. uo > br. a, see LKBil. 125-127. biaral 'bread': piakli chleb z biarala —hata doūhaja pesnia 'baked bread out of a breadstock —that's a long tale', cf. lit. bėralas 'nevėtyti grudai'. bizdelka /bizaiika ‘bizdélé’: bizdelki nasadiac’ hnidaii; bizdelka zvinic’ A hundred bees, natta bajacca of diamonds; bizdelki apanavali, carovy tails kruékom i pasli; trust me, it's not possible to put a knife on a blade; bizdele zizia like a bee, very afraid of their cows; the birds attacked, the cows raised their tails and ran away; "You can't milk a cow if a bitch bites it." The second form of this Lithuanianism of a glottodic origin is more typical of the middle generation of the Schneek. Like the first one, it has a Slavic prefix. Plg. LLTP 55. bonda/boėndačka/bundsčka 'bread, bun': mama spekla béndu chleba; Mom scratched out the dust and baked the bread; Bundski val'cavanyja ‘mother baked a loaf of bread; mom opens the bread bowl and bake a bun; pikliuotos bandelės- '. The third form of Lithuanianism has preserved the phonetics of the eastern Lithuanian pointilist, cf. lit. intestine. bunda 'banda'. brazdzsc' 'to crawl, to crawl': myšy braždžac" za scianoi "the mouse crawls behind the wall'. This is a sarcasm, whose Lithuanian source may have been the unrecorded verb * braždėti. In Belarusian soil it became brazdzéc', and this, due to progressive assimilation, became braždžac'. That in Lithuani34 an the verb * braždėti could really be, is shown by the related verbs brazdinetis "walk", bražėti '"brazdeėti, krabzdeti', cf. also brąžginti 'brazginti', as well as blikgėti *"blizgėti", bližgurti "lizenliuoti', etc. (LKZ I brazguli/- brazgūlki 938, 1026). 'bells for a horse on a paddle': svaty u brazguliach pajechali da maladoi; brazgūlki naložana kanu na šaju 'the fingers with brazgulis went to the young woman; brazguliai uždėti ant arklio nugaros’. It is a phonetic Lithuanianism derived from lie. brazgūliai 't.p. ', brazgūnai ’t.p.’, brazgėti 'to speak incomprehensibly and quickly, barking', LT 167. The second form of j already has the Slavic minor suffix -ki, which shows that the minor suffix brazgūl' -ul has already lost its meaning. bryzgūli 'bells for the horse on the back": bryzgūli nasyvalis' na rameniu, ane mednyje 'bells were sewn on the belt, they were copper". This vocalic Lithuanianism comes from i from lie. brizgūliai 'twigs', cf. dar sprygėti- /brizgėti *terškėti', bryzgėlė '*kleketas', brūzinti ’zyrinti’, etc. In fact, the lexicon is a brazguli relative with a qualitative change of root vowels. bryndy 'lace, lacework': da nazutacki batastavai prysyvalis 'bryndy'; spadnica abiusys’, bryndy baltajucca kruhom ‘a brindle was sewed to a batista’s blouse’; sijonas atspures, brindos kabaliuoja’. The Lithuanian origin of the lexicon is discussed in LCC 30 115, 119. brynt ’brink’: brynt da hary i pomer ’brink aukstielninkas ir numirė". It is a Baltic-Lithuanian istiktukas brink. brédnik /brédzen’ 'bradinys- ': baldaveskai rybu honic’ u brédnik; brédniam rybu loviac’ u dvajich ’the fish is caught in the bream; bradniu žuvį gaudo duese’, cf. lie. bradings, bradninkas’t.p.’ bruntki/- bruntėčki ‘bradings, antique wooden buttons’: bruntki prySyta dzeraunyja; they got a bruntkéu and a kazucha; bruntécki pryšyvali da franča "brantukov sewn wooden; made ruffles and sewed them into fur coats; "sewed the brackets into the jacket." Bruntki — clear Lithuanianism, formed by metathesis (due to exchange of places) from brunkty < They. intestine. brunktai~ branktai 'wooden buttons'. The form bruntécki — already a deminutive with the Slavic suffix -očki, derived from the Slavicized bruntki. In addition to bruntki, another non-deminutive of this root is used here: brūntku pryviazyvajiec' da barany 'attaches a bracket to akéciy', derived from lie. intestine. brunkta(- s) in the same pathway of metathesis. boorbalki- /būrburki 'burbulai': boorbalki iduc’, jak kamen’ u vadu kinuc’; zivajec' ryba, burbalki iduc'; būrburki pa vadze ras dosé’ lijec’ *'bubbles rise if a stone is thrown into the water; the fish yawns, bubbles rise; bubbles rise on the water if it rains'. The form burburki may have been formed here by progressive assimilation or by reduplication of the root. Both possibilities became possible when the lexical connection with the Lithuanian language system was broken. burbuliac' 'to bubble, to whip': jon burbulidjec' nevaroūna 'he is recklessly whispering', cf. lit. burbuliūoti ‘t.p.’ In the dialect, the Lithuanianism of the same root with the prefix na-(: naburbuliaū anton 35 jam "Antonas jam pripliauské'). The prefixed derivative of the root zašia is used here with the meaning 'to sour' (: zaburbuliaušy sup'sour soup'). bué' 'house': būč' —jak torba, z nitak pliatuc': adzin kanec buča vuski *house like a bag, made of yarn; vienas bučiaus galas nauras’, cf. lit. beings. in būrni in the saying būrni viasct ‘'murmuring'’: kotka būrni viadzec’ kalia pečki *katė murkia prie krosnies- ', cf. lit. burniéti, burnyti, burnitūoti'murmuring'. burty 'heaps': burty kartoški zasypany 'forced heaps of potatoes', cf. lit. 'a bunch'. For the possible origin of this Lithuanianism, see here. LKK 30 120. It also has the verb burtavdc’ 'to pile up' from this root: kalhazniki burtūjuc' navoz u kapcy 'collectivists pile up manure', cf. lit. gather, gather together, gather in a heap". capt 'to grab': mama capt mne papirosku z ruk'mother grabs me from the hands of a papirus'. It's a lie. repetition of the verb capt in Belarusian conversation. cinavėot- 'sinavadas': cinavét —trava takaja, kalia harodaū rascec’, krasiva cvicic’'sinavadas —such a grass, grows in a shape, flowers beautifully', cf. lit. intestine. Cinnabuds 'n.e.c. " (LKZ 2 33). No other sex is recorded in Belarus. cyncal’ ’atbrizga, skutas’: adarvi cyncal’ što visic’; skolki cyncaliaū baltajecca —niracha takaja ’nutrauk nutisusia atbrizga; how much atbrizgy kabbalizē —apsileidélé sucha'. The word is derived from the eastern Dzūkian dialect form cincelis~- tintelis "'atbrizga", cf. dar. tintalis 'n.e.c. ', tintaliuoti, tintiliuoti 'to scoop'. čioėpčacca 'to touch': čiėpčajecca čalavek —niklimiažy taki 'to touch a man —a bad guy like that', cf. lit. čiopis, čiopėlė 'one who grabs', ¢iupcioti 'to grab'. c¢upki'slippers': čūt)ki zvali tapački bez kablukoū'slippers without heels were called chuunkėmis', cf. lie. čtūnkė ’from canvas or yarn slepeté’. dski'scratch paths, bedspreads': trapki drali i d3ki rabyja tkali, nakryvali pascel’ 'drawed and wove rags into bedspreads, straightened them on the bed'. No such records have been recorded elsewhere. It is still used in the Belarusian dialect of Daugavpils (Latvia) surroundings, formed in Lithuanian- -inhabited places (SBG 2 116). Or perhaps this Lithuanian Germanism is Belarusian Polonism. dsšry/dsšsry 'winds': d3šry piakuc’, krup tudy, sa skvarkam, kroūjem —čornyja što sviniačaje haūno; d3shary kartofel'nya and krupianyja; najelisia d3šaraū 'cooks winds, adds meal, spikes, blood - black, like pig dung; potatoes and crops; prisikirtom védary’, cf. lie. dášros *vedarai', dášeros ’etc.’ dsšarny 'thick, windy (about the intestines- )': d3šarnyja kiški toūstyja "windy intestines thick', see dasry. drabéc' 'to tremble': my ūsie drabéli, jak jaho sustrali; s pudu stali jamu nohi drabėc' 'we all trembled when we met him; and his feet began to tremble for fear. dragac’ dauzyti’: mialkai dziaratinoi jon pa¢au dragac' u dzvery 'with a wooden grustuve he began to smash the door’, cf. lit. dragoti ‘t.p.’ 36 gab 'guobas': gab jašča cviardzeišy jak il'ma, chilicca palozy na sleigh *gūbas even harder than skirpstas, lenkia sleds pavazas’, cf. lit. Goobs. gagul''snout': jak dau jamu u gagūl', jon da hary i pavaliūsia ’when he was struck in the throat, he fell down as a high school student’. Both explosive (not blown) gs make this lexicon suspect as non-Belarusian. Perhaps it is derived from the Lithuanian word, related to guoglijs'- man with a long neck', cf. also gégas 'sprandas' and others. gakty 'gait': gakty ū saniach 'gait of horns'. gašta/gaštaūka/gaštva/gėšta'- such a nursery grassland': gašta bela-ruzavatym kvitnic’, ot pladavita; gastauka —flowers in a bud; kalia plota gaštva rascec'; gošty sami rastuc’, ich sejac’ ne traba 'gaštos with light pink flowers, it vislias; gashtauka flowers —as heaps; near the fence grows gachki; the goats grow themselves, they don't sow them'. The lexicon, as we see here, has a number of variants. All of them have the atypical Slavic compound -št-, according to which there is a certain basis to consider them of Lithuanian origin. However, in our language there are many and different variants of the name of this herb, e.g. gūstauta, gostauta(- s), gostelka, gostalka, géstauka, géstauta(- s), gostelka, gožtautas, gožtelta, etc. K. Būga associates the name of this herb with the surname Gos-tauta(- s) (Būga RR I 212), Nepokupnas reconstructed its form lie. *gošta (Nepokupnyj 185), Laučiūtė supported the idea (Laučiūtė 44), and Belarusians next to gdsta, gaštaūka, gdstva (SBG I 437—438) having probably a completely different (garš-va) root of that herb called gdarštva (SBG I 431), these, in our opinion, unnamed roots (gašta and garštva) derives from the same Lithuanian source garšva (ESBM 3 67) hardly reasonably. Such different etymological remarks, while correctly acknowledging the Lithuanian origin of these lexicons, do not yet reveal the whole truth. Therefore, we are trying to find the most reliable Lithuanian source for these names. The name of the herb gdrstva, recorded only in the Daugavpils Belarusian dialect, is most likely a distorted or accidental name of gaštata, arising from the contamination of the names of two different herbs — garšvia and gasta, their semantics fading. And the source of origin of gdsta and her relatives is probably another. Having before our eyes all the variants of the name of this herb in the Lithuanian language and in the Vidzeme and other Belarusian dialects, we are of the opinion that the oldest jy will be gdstva. I'm sure everyone else will have ridden out of it. Gdstva, in turn, a possible object, has the ancient root * gaž-(with the long a. from which our o was eventually formed), which is related to the verb *gazti > gėožti 'to cover, to cover over, to cover over' (that grassland is really very wide and gozia, covers others, cf. géztelta gozia, grows up and draws other grasses —LKŽ 3 488). The remaining part of the name —tva may only have originated from the suffix -tuva (cf. Bartva 'river name in Lithuania’ > Barta in Latvia, both < from Bartuva; Mitva "The name of the river near Jurbarkas' < Mituva, la. leitvis < leituvis > leitis lietuvis’). The form gastauka has retained the old long a in the root (so far characteristic of the eastern Snektas of the eastern Highlands) and already has a Slavic suffix. The other variants of this name are newer (here the root a has already turned to 0). The Slavic languages probably had the greatest influence on the subsequent development of their forms — the adaptation of various suffixes. 37 gigél’/gigelidk ‘dirvinis asiūklis’: gigél’ na posnaj ziamli jak jolačka; gigetki — tachycardia; gigiliom bul’ba zarossy ’in barren soil gigelis like a fir tree; giggles — spiders like that; ‘bulvės prizelusios gesiliu’, cf. lie. gigelis "e.g.: i givėlka 'pump': givėlka s čupkom, rabetj'- ka —bela s čiornym 'pump with a tail, raiba —balta with black', cf. lit. intestine. ggyvé, gyvūtė ‘pempé’. The suffix -ka — already Slavic, added to the deminutive živěla. girsa 'dirsēs': girsa —jak i žyta 'dirsēs = like rye', cf. lie. intestine. girsés 'girs'. In the Belarusian dialect, the lexicon has its specific meaning in the form of the singular nominative according to the Slavic model. —giršūca 'dirsutės' nothing. : z giršūcai žyta dali 'dirsėtų ryžių dave'. Girsica probably evolved from Lithuanian girsūtė unfairly, possible thing, and because of the desire to ironize the word (because of wrongdoing to the kolkhozist). girslivy 'dirsed': girslivy chleb čorny 'dirsed black bread'), plg. lie. intestine. girse and Slavic suffix. : girsidny 'dirsétas': girsidnaje Zyta 'dirséti rye', cf. lit. girsé is a Slavic suffix. gizavac’ ‘to dig’: letam karovy gizijuc’ ‘in summer cows dig’, cf. lie. gizūoti "e.p. " gizlivy 'nervous, broken': ja gizlivaja, koc' i nie staraja —trudnaja žyznia 'I am nervous, although recently — hard life', cf. lit. grumpy ‘nervous’ and Slavic suffix ivy. ; gnizsc' 'to swarm': gnižac' čarviaki z čornymi haloūkami 'worms swarm with black heads?, cf. lit. gnažeti ’e.g.’ gogisy 'unwanted guests': -na vasale gogisy prosiac', kab sto dali ’during the wedding unwanted guests ask for something to be given’, cf. lit. giogis 'uninvited wedding guest'. It should be noted that the Belarusian vowel ending in this case is added to the whole Lithuanian singular form of the noun. grabiasty/- grabiazdy 'kartys, kalamos ant gegnių': grabidsty klali na dachu; grabiazdy prybili 'grabbing straight on the roof; the kidnappers were arrested. Both forms are borrowed from the eastern Altays, who turn the e after the hard r here into a, cf. their grabėstai < grebėstai. Other Lithuanianisms of the same root with various Slavic suffixes are also used in Snekta: grabiascind ’grebest’ (: prybivajecca adna grabiascina 'a single grebest is grabbing'), grabiastéuka *grebėstai' (: grabiastéuku poūna nalazyli 'all grebests are grabbing'); grabiastavdne 'grebėstavimas' (: grabiastavane strapil ’gegniy grebéstavimas’), nagrabiastavdc' "preaching grebėstus" (: nagrabiastavali chatu 'apgrebėstavom troba’), grabezddc- ’/grabezdavdc’ 'grebėstuoti' (: traba chatu grabezdac- ', laty grabezdijuc’ "it is necessary to grebėstuoti the house; they are grebėstuoja grebéstus- ’). There is also another derivative of this root, which has the meaning of the closely sounding homonym grebezdétis 'to riggle', e.g. zagrabiastdcca 'to riggle' (: jana zagrabiastalasia tudy'she rigged there'). gug/guga 'bone, buožė, stick with riestu galu': gūgam bili hlyzy hlinianyja na pole; giga tak jak malatok, so much drinking 'gugu beat clay lumps in the fields; guga tokia kaip malūnas, tik medine’, cf. lit. gūgas, guga ’etc.’, also kūkis 'wooden hammer, hammer'. In all Baltic languages, the phonetics of the possible alternance of g with kir and vice versa in words of the same root is still unclear. gusta 'gūžta)': 38 chicken sitting in a gouge; gusty adnyja ū pamidorach 'the chicken is in the mouth; in tomatoes one squeeze". jaglėnec 'egg': jaglénec dobra pachnec' 'egg smells nice'. The root of the lexicon remained Lithuanian, cf. eglis and br. jadlénec, and the rest of it — slaviška. jaglencovy ‘egg’: traba jaglencovyja jahady pic’ ‘to drink egg berries’, see jaglénec. jaūra'marsh land': jaura —dranaja ziamlia, nicaho ne rascec’ na jaure'marsh —poor land, nothing grows in the marsh', cf. lit. Jdura. Jazm 'jasmine': jazm atozyly dausy 'jasmine with offspring', cf. lie. intestine. jazmas ‘jasmine’. jūdryca'- moveable, such a weed': zioraški žoūtyja na jūdrycy'- moveable yellow seeds'. "Lietuvių kalbos žodynas- ", pg. judra, jūdrė 'e.g. " In the dialect, a closer Lithuanian form of this lexicon with the consonant metathesis rd is also used: jūrda —jak lion, niby wychodzic’ z lionu i spliatuc’'- moves like flax, as if it grows out of flax and twists'. kamél' 'hook, linen feet': kamli liona 'linen hooks'. Belarusian etymologists (ESBM 4 221) attribute the lexicon kamél’ to the Baltic area and derive it from the Slavic roots kom and lie. minor adverbs -ėlis. However, there is reason to doubt this. It has neither a minor meaning nor a Lithuanian suffix that means it. We believe that although the root kamir is of common Slavic origin, the whole form kamėl' in conversation is most likely derived from Lithuanian kamlis, which is primarily related to the verb kembti (another degree of vowel change of the root, cf. kamblys/- kemblys), whose adjacent consonants mb, being both lobed, become similar and merge into one m, cf. klimpti>- klimti, etc. Thus, the source of the lexicon is probably the Lithuanian -Ipriegas kamljs<- kamblys. kanopi 'hemp': kanopi —jak bizuny 'hemp —like rimbai'. Its source of origin is probably Lithuanian Slavicism, yaupes (incidentally, the Polish influence here is only generic, late and weak). karklis ’carve’: karzinki pliatuc’ z karklisau 'bags are made of carved stones'. The Belarusian ending is added to all Lithuanian singular forms of the noun. karssc' *karšti': stary chryč užo saūsiom karssic' 'the old one is quite hot', pgl. lie. Cartridge ‘n.p. karnik *soldier, loaded on a tree hive': karnik u dzerave dliny, abručki byli ’soldier in the tree long, bows were'. Snektos karnik has a certain connection with the Lithuanian word of the same meaning karings/- korings 'hive mounted on a tree' and the verbs karėti, kardti 'to hang'. Thus, its root kar may be Lithuanian, and the ending -nik —or the word's military glorification creature (by removing -i and adding -k to the word's ending, adapting it to the Belarusian language system), or a Slavic suffix. In this way, the schnekts karnik and Belarusian karanidk kerapla 'kerėpla': jak kerapla robic', usio z ruk 39 "small hive" and karanik "status hive" may not have the same origin. On the other hand, the interpretations of the origin of karaniok and karanik by Belarusian etymologists (ESBM 4 264) are also mere conjectures. kasnik is familiar in the colloquial meaning of 'ribbon, something similar to a ribbon': u kosach zaplecianyja kasniki; parvaū usio ū kasniki adnyja; aliar vypuskaū kasniki 'ribbons woven into the chests; I smashed everything into one piece; ajerai išleido lapus’. The lexem is related to lie. intestine. kasngkas, which is undoubtedly derived from *kasinykas due to syncope. liacic' 'kerėplai everything falls out of hand'. ketūrka'- men's trousers front graft': zašpili ketūrku 'take the graft', cf. lie. four 't.p.' kimsa ‘kimsa, moss-covered pile’: kimsy —hata kupiny takija na baloce; therein shall be adnyya kimsy; hadziuha sela na kimsū ’kemsai — one in a swamp; the snake was angry at the camel.’ The lexicon has preserved the Eastern Altay phonetics (em>im). kasty ’of the cow’: karova jesc’ s kastau ‘cow eating from the cow’. The name is a Germanization of the Lithuanian word kastés (German: Kasten). kindziūk/kindzičėk/klundziūk ‘skilandis’: kindziūk nada zlazyc’; high-rise stairs; oi, klundziuk smaczny bya: miasa there lazyli, hasili na lata 'kimšim skilandy; the splitter hangs on the chimney; oh, the cut was delicious, filled with meat, hung for the summer’. The lexemes are probably derived from lie. intestine. *skilundziūkas, cf. ESBM 5 68. For their formation in Belarusian soil zr. LLTP 56-58. The form kindzičok is softer and indicates that the minor meaning of kindziūk is no longer felt. kipcy 'nagai': karšuna kipcy bal'šyja; fuel-burning stoves; klianovy žuk kipciami abdziarac’ 'vanago big nails; caught a chicken with his claws; karkvabalis nagais apdrasko’. The lexem is related to lie. with the root kib-ti, cf. also kibcioti *kabinėtis', kibéius 'who is kabinéing', kibis 'burdock'). kirléc' 'to vanish, to decrease': stary kirléjic' kirlėjic' i skirléjic' 'the old decreases, decreases and vanishes (dies)', cf. lit. kirleti 'to decrease, diminish'. kivily/kivilki 'buožgalviai': s kivilaū vodziacca žaby; kivilki gnižac' u baloce 'from owl-headed frogs emerges; the buffaloes swarm in the bay’. The lexem is of phonological origin, related to the singular kivil kivil "to vibrate, vibrate," cf. kiviliūotis "to go unevenly, in zigzags", kiviliai 'distorted wheels', kivilas in the saying kivilo nėšti 'to carry a child on the neck', as well as kivyna 'boarhead'. Kiwi is considered to be a relative of kiwi. After all, a word of phonological origin usually does not always have a distinctly unchanging morphology (conjugation). In this case, one of the formants can easily be replaced by another. The form kivilki already has a Slavic diminutive suffix. klikaty/klikatany/klikatni 'wooden blocks': klikaty zhibalis, dzeraūnaja padašva byla; u klikataniach chodzili ū kasciol; klikatni liochkija na nahu, cioplyja 'clicks flexed, wooden soles; went to church with the clicks; clicks light on the feet, warm'. The sounds of the lion are related to the lion's voice. 40 Pukačy *švyliai': pukačy talsciny jak paliac'shoes of finger thickness', plg. lie. Puffin 'shadow'. pukéac’ 'to rise, to sour, to blossom': cesta pukéyc’, pašlo chadzic’; how to sour, puff beer; bliny uzo pukčac' tesla sour, began to rise; when sour, the beer bubbles; blynai jau kyla’, cf. lit. pukščioti ‘t.p.’ pumpuci *padaigos- ': kury vylinili, ūse ū pumpuciach "the chickens have eaten, they are all parched'. Source of the lexicon —lie. intestine. pumpuéiai- ~pampuéiai 'bulges, rashes, pimples, pains'. pumpuryna 'feathers- ': pumpuryna žoūta cvicic’, usiudy jaje chvatajec’, dzie mokra ‘feathers blossom yellowly, everywhere they are full where it is wet’, cf. lit. intestine. pumpkin 't.p. ". pūnia'shelter': pūnia kala humna sena zlažyc' dastaūlena; u pūni sena skladyvajec' 'pūnia near the barn delivered for hay loading; Punioje hayną krauna’, cf. lie. punia 't.p. '. ‘putal’/putalidhka/puteliahka ‘oatmeal meal’: ‘mama putal’ varyc’; putaliahka from ausa on kvasnym malake raséynena; puteliahki najeusia ‘mother cooked the bitch; oatmeal, mixed with sour milk; prisivalgiau putelio’, cf. lit. putelis ’t.p.’. The suffix of the last two forms is slaviska. putra ‘sryuba’: putra —kartoska, krupa i tady kisla §to-nibudz’ ulazyc’ 'bread —potatoes, semolina and then something sour to add’, cf. lit. putra "Thick milk soup". puzlak 'bladder': puzlaki dziarucca ad grabli 'bladders rub against the rake', cf. lit. puzzle'small soft cabbage head', pūžas 'tail of tangled hair', pūžinti 'to dress thickly', as well as pusliokas 'thick'. ramat 'rheumatism': u ramace liazyc' 'a patient who is suffering from rheumatism', cf. lie. intestine. ramatas ‘t.p.’. ragoza 'rags, column with branches for potting pots': na ragézy bačanki vešali 'at ragoziy statinaites kabinédavom', cf. lit. razgrabiazdacca 'to secure': razgrabiazdalasia jana na dachu'she secured herself on the roof', cf. lie. grebezddtis 'rioglintis- '. raskiarsčycca 'to spread out': raskiaracyusysia sidzic''sitting spread out', cf. lit. skeryčia'- someone who is outgoing'. raūgėnia 'rugen': raugénia z zytnej muki smačnaja 'delicious rye flour rugen', cf. lit. raugiéné 't.p. This Lithuanianism is also used here with the Slavic minor suffix -ka-—raugėt)ka (: raugėt)ki najelasia ’I ate sourdough’), which, however, as it appears, does not give minority to the verb. rozgini'recessed': razgini —dzve duški, jany razložacca'recessed' —two bows, they open?, cf. li. scarlet fever. rupéc' 'to care': rūpic' mne, jak mama 'I care, like my mother', cf. lie. care. ruplivy/rūpny 'caring': ruplivy čalavek jon; jana rūpnaja 'he is a caring man; ji rupni’, cf. lie. rough, coarse, etc. '. samanica ‘moss’: jon paSou ū samanicu ‘he went to the moss’, cf. lie. samangéia 'samanynė)". 47 symbiosis 'stagaras': adzin scimbir astaūsia, a cvet adarvali 'one remained, the ring o was broken', cf. lie. stimbiras 't.p. '. The Slavic suffix used ir here is a nė form of minority Lithuanianisu sm -iok — shimbiriék (: shimbiriok tonenki ‘stagarélis plonas’). skirt ‘skin’: skin of a year old, salomy 'stirta hay, straw', cf. lie. stirta. seit /soita ’sait, net’: karova pry svajom saice 1 jes’c’ z kastail; on the branches of the oak they stood; no punishment, no punishment; tpru da s3ity ’the cow at the sieve eats from the feed; all the cows were with screens; with a sieve the cow does not choke; tpru sieto’, see also lie. settas't- .p. '. This Lithuanianism is also known here in the meaning of 'amulet protecting against kera': ū aptekach pakupali rapačku belien'kuju i zaviazali kak puhavičku i pamiš rahoū karove, i hata s3itam nazyvali 'in the pharmacy they bought white pills and tied one in the cow's groin, and it was called seitas', cf. also this meaning in Lithuanian. settas. skiba 'bread': skiba chleba 'bread'), plg. lie. skiba 't.p. ". skviarstili'slaughterhouses': skviarstūli niasli, ciaper moda vysla 'carried slaughterhouses, now fashion is no more', cf. lit. cross sections. The incorrect phonetic changes of this Belarusian loanword are probably due to the fading of the word's meaning. slasty'slastai': u slasty i šaškoūu loviac’; u slastach myša sidzic’ ’in traps and catches ferrets; ‘slastuose pele’, cf. lie. loading. slis’c’'slip': pras kanaūku slis’c’, i maja ruka baltajecca'slip over the ditch, and my hand broke (cabaliuoja)’, cf. lit. Slappy. smagly 'fast': smagly, charošy, udaly kon' 'fast, good, successful horse', cf. lit. It is also used here with the adverb smdgla 'fast': smagla pulia idzec'; smagla parasiata cresc’; sama smagléi vutka rascec’ 'greit kulka lekia; piglets grow fast; Most likely ducks grow), cf. lie. smagiat, see also LKK 30 122. smilga'smilga': adna smilga rascec' 'one smilga grows', cf. lie. 'smilga. snargli'snarglys': z nasa paciok snargli'snargly runs out of the nose', can also be "snargliat' (if a sneeze). There is also a relative sndrglia'snoring' (: ach ty snarglia 'oh, you snoring'), cf. lit. snafglius, as well as the verb apsnarglidcca ’to sneeze’ (jon apsnarglidusia i chodzic’ 'he walks sneezing'). stabarki/stabarécki ‘plant stems, stalks’: stabarki kvitnuc’ stabarelial Zydi’: rudzen’kaje siamano na stabarocku ‘brown seed on a stalk’, cf. lit. stabaras t.p.’. Leksemy minor adverbs Slavic. styhka ’stinta’: u stypki nijakai kostacki nima ’stinta be kauly’, e.g. lie. intestine. stinka ’stinta’. stoci ’stacias’: stéci kaunerok franca 'jacket collar stadia', cf. lit. steering wheels. The adjective stééanki ’stacias’ (: franc sa st6¢ankim kaunerom 'jacket with a straight collar') is also related, but the Slavic diminutive suffix -nki does not mean minority. Their other relatives are the adjectives: stačkėm 'upright' (: stackém ja kušaju 'I eat upright'), stdc’, stdcia 'upright' (: stéc’ halavoi paliaceū 'fell upright; stėcia pilavali 'we cut upright'). stavy ’stoval, stakles’ stavy stajali u chace 1 tkali na nich ’staklés was in the house and wove with them’, cf. lie. stands, etc. '. Lithuanian stands are associated with the verb stovėti (Būga RR 2 387,389, 592), cf. other numerous derivatives of this family: stovas 'device for setting up','stand', stovėliai 'wooden device for spinning threads', stovėlis "wheelchair" and others. The Belarusian schnekts and their literary language have their own word krosny, whereas stavy is used only in dialects bordering Lithuania (SBG 4 561) and is indicated as a regional one in Kupala’s writings (Tlum. SIL 5 296). In this way, “stavy’s linguistic geography, as well as its phonetics, accentuation, and pronunciation, would show that it is most likely Lithuanianism. stolp 'column': stulpy na razvilku 'columns at a crossroads'. This is a clear Lithuanianism (see lit. stulpas), having taken from Lithuanians the whole -Istituj in place of the expected usual their ūir root -pvietej Slavic -b-. suktynia'swinging, such a dance': suktyniu i ja tancavala'swinging and I danced', cf. 48 lie. a spinning wheel. svir 'lever': svir kala studni 'lever at the well', cf. lit. svirė 'carriage, work', svirsnis, svirkstis 'lever'". sviran/svirsn'svirnas': u sviran žyta komponali; sviran novy pastavili 'in the barn we loaded rye; naszą świrnę pasistatem’. Sakalé' 1 'chakals': sakaliéu narabiū 1 natapiū 'I made and burned a shackle', cf. lit. Jackal. The verb našakalidc' "to add sakaliy' (: nasakaliau šakalidū "I added sakaliy'") is also used here. šaršny 'large': šaršny rudyja, bal'šyja, jak žarnic', ciarpec’ ne možna *širšinai rudi, dideli, kai kirs, kentėti negalima’. Sarin came from lie. şirshinai in Belarusian soil in the following way: şirshinai > šeršenai > Sersny > Sarsny. shašok 'ferret': šašoėk dliny, tonki, krasivy, haloūka nebal'šaja 'ferret long, thin, beautiful, head small', cf. lit. - Oh, shit. Alongside it is used shaščycha 'ferret' (already with a Slavic suffix), other derivatives of this root: vyviala shaščycha svajich shaščianiat 'ferret hatched ferrets'. šlūthka 'thigh': kumpiak i šlūtykai zovic' 'kumpy and thigh called', cf. lit. thigh. For the lie. au > br. 2004/2005, p. 1. Baltistica 1989 77-78. šūly'shulai': šūly staviac’ u humne, u saraju 'šulus stato svirnui, darzinei', plg. lie. columns. | škliut/skliut 'gateway': škliut taki šyrki, jaho i skliutém nazyvajec’ 'a wide gateway, called a gateway'), cf. lit. Hatch, hatch. The first word of the poem is an incorrect spelling of the name of the city. šlėnga 'frame': šlėtgi dzve akno apsažyvajuc' 'two frames keep the window open', cf. lie. Germanism was influenced by'stakta' (< German Schlenge), which entered the Vidzeme dialect from our dialects. 'coarse': rapuhi šurpatyja, nepavarotlivyja sidziac' 'coarse, unranky tupi', cf. lit. štūrpa 'whoever is sick, will be sick'. 'smudge':'- smudge' sciana ad makraty'- smudge wall from moisture', cf. lit. štuušėti ’to move’. blazer 'half-coat- ': blazer tkanaja svajei raboty 'coat woven, homework', cf. lit. svarka ‘t.p.’. 49 topel' 'poplar': topel' —duhi chilic' u pavosku 'poplar for bending bows', cf. lit. intestine. topelis 't.p. '. trybradz' 'three-legged': trybradz' —bradzic' dlia trajich 'three-legged for three to kill?, cf. lit. trebradis 't.p. " '. trylapnik 'butterfly': trylapnik —listy kruhlenkija, horki 'butterfly leaves round, twice', cf. lit. trilapis 't.p.. varža 'varža': 'u varžu žyvuju rybu zahaniajec'; varža sa setki zvita 'a live fish was put into the varža; varža iš tinklo nupinta’, cf. lit. resistor. viapla'vepla': viapla idzec''vepla goes'. Source of the lexicon —lie. intestine. vepla ‘vepla’. viarpiata'spine': ješki parsiuk: viarpiata na spine'spine on the back', cf. lit. verpeta 't.p. '. vijūn 'fish, such a fish': vijūn, piškun —jak chočaš; salt as to fill, vijūn piščyc'; vijuna mala 'or vijunas, or pyplys —as you like; when you sprinkle salt, the vijun chirps; vijūnų mazai’, cf. lie. vision. viksva/viksa 'viksva': maledzen'kuju viksvu jaduc' karovy, jak nima lepšaha; viksa pašarnaja 'a young vikings feeds a cow if there is nothing better; pasarine viksva’, cf. lie. Vicsva. The second form of the lexem, due to the fading of the meaning and the ease of pronunciation, lost the prefix -v-. zialiny ‘skins’: vialikija ziauny dzikich svinei ‘big deer skins’, cf. lit. rings, etc. ". zarapėūšy *prižėlęs (geltonumų)': kab zarapčūšy ūšy u karovy, žyrnaje malako 'if the cow's ears are green, the milk is fat', plg. The Lithuanian schnekts of Juodelėnai (neighbouring district of Apsa) ažrūpėji atises~ azropéje atuses 'yellowish-colored ears', also see lit. turnips (in the subspecies aušys juodZidusios — can sow turnips). zgoisac' 'to travel, to grab': davai zgdisaem u les 'let's go, let's go to the forest', cf. lie. gaistuati "quickly go, swim away'. saws/sawmills/sawmills/sawmills/sawmills'sawmills': sawmills jalovyja or sasnovyja; nada žagiaroū pryťahnuc'; žagarčyki dobra hariac'; žagary dot sukavatyja; žygarami tapilasia pečka 'fir or pine logs; need to lure a stingray; burns burn well; the stems are very branched; we burned the furnace with firecrackers'. The source of the lexemes —lie. stirrups. The first two names are used by older Schneck members. They also maintained their Lithuanian pronunciation. The last two genders of the word are used more frequently by younger people. For them, the lexicons are much more rare, usually only known from hearsay, so they are probably distorted because of the lack of knowledge of the meaning of the word. The third lexem already has a Slavic minor suffix. žsgini *žaginiai': u z3gini skladyvajem sena; z3gini —suka try sastaviac’ i lozac’ kleviar'sieną dedam į Zaginius; žaginiai —three upright branches, and laid clovers’, cf. lit. Zaiginiai, žaginiai "t.p. " "Žalgiris" (in Lithuanian). lrytas.lt. "Žalgiris" (in Lithuanian). lrytas.lt. "Žalgiris" (in Lithuanian). lrytas.lt. Zergti 't.p. ". The prepositional derivative of this root apZargac’ ’to dress’ (: abžargala pamiš noh, aplupila i dobra 'dressed in the crotch, dressed and well') is also used here. 50 žalki'seedlings, offspring': bul'ba u žalkach byla, jak sadzili, no menša mnoha za našaju 'when they planted, the potatoes were already with seedlings, but much smaller than ours (now)', cf. lit. želkai *sprouts, released out of the ground', also želkti'reap'. žylvica *Ąžilvitis- ': žylvica cvicic' raha viasnoi, listy blistiaščyja, pradauhavatyja 'the spruce blooms early in the spring, the leaves are shiny, elongated', cf. lit. vasculitis. 'zlūkta' means a wreck; pamerkti drabužiai': pouny cabar žlukta nalažyla 'filled a bowl of laundry with water', cf. lie. crashed 't.p. Other derivatives of this root are also used here (usually with nair prefixes- ): nazlikeic' *užmerkti' (:nažlūkcila ū načoūke kašuliu 'I dipped my shirts in nothingness'), vyžlūkcic' 'to wash' (: vyžlūkcila ūsiu bializnu 'I washed all my underwear'), vyžlūkcicca "to get wet' (: vyžlūkcilisia na daždža 'we got wet in the rain'). žvir 'gravel': zvir taki, bul'ba nie ūradzila'- such gravel, poor potatoes'; plg. lie. Beast. The words of Lithuanian origin recorded in the Vidzeme Belarusian dialect and presented here are only a small part of the Lithuanianisms used in it, which were recorded in a week from the lips of the old local Belarusians. One thing is clear: there is much more in their speech —after all, the investigated speech is a vibrant, agile organism, its system is harmonious, the lexical wealth is abundant, but not all this is immediately mentioned by the informants, as soon as they meet, they tell, remember, the investigator suddenly And not soon shown, not revealed. Therefore, there is reason to hope, among other things, that future studies will supplement her unrecorded Lithuanianisms. However, even this string of lituanisms already provides a considerable amount of material that highlights some features of the language system of the schnekt, its direction of development. In addition to the schnekte lituanisms, identical or close in form and meaning to those used in Belarusian dialects of other countries close to Lithuania, which have been published in our previous studies (cf. LKBil. 123—131; LKK 30 113—133; LKSp.L. 182—204; LLTP 47—64; LT 163—195), there are also those that have been heard completely newly and recorded for the first time in Belarusian dialects. Among them: aciūža, ¢iépéacca, drabéc’, givėlka, gégisy, kdrklisy, (s)kirléc’, kratpol'- ka, krépki, kubalniki, labidk, lepėza, nastrigkac’, ntry, pelšpia, pipilitk, pital’, zarapéusy, žalki, istiktukai brint, capt, pirst, slis’c’ and others. They, being actually older than the Belarusian dialect of that area, first of all add Lithuanianism to the number of Belarusian dialects in general, and most of all, in our opinion, contribute to the explanation of substrate phenomena, the formation of substrate elements and the solution of the problem of their establishment in them. Among the newly recorded Lithuanianisms there are also Lithuanian terms —borrowing from Slavic and Germanic languages, used in a form adapted to the Lithuanian language system, e.g., dliary, stulpy, daki, kdsty, šlėtygi, etc. They partly show how the terminology of the investigated schneck was formed and how it was filled through the Lithuanian language. The phonetics and morphology of borrowed lexicons often indicate that they were formed entirely according to the phonetics and morphology of neighbouring dialects. They retain: (a) lie. pronunciation of the old long a, e (bk. o, ė): gdsty, natry, zarapéusy, viapla; b) unification of double-seeded an, em with un, im: bruntki, bundščka, kimsy, pimpa; (c) African c (bk. č) before opposed posterior vowels: aciūža; d) e becomes a after I (if the word is not of literal origin: lagiasy, but lepéza); e) prefix ata-: atddur etc. 51 ir Therefojų re, the source of origin is unquestionable. The material we have presented shows what Lithuanianisms have received when they entered the Belarusian slang, how they have changed in it. The formation of semantic limestones will probably be the first impulse that led to the beginning of the decay of Lithuanian semantics and the establishment of prepositional derivatives of Slavic semantics (first of all). Thus, instead of the Lithuanian prefixes ap-, pri-(apgrebėstūoti, pristrykoti) the Slavic prefix na-(nagrabestac', nastrgkac') appeared, instead of the Lithuanian prefixes iš(si)-(iszligti, iškramsoti, išsikėtdti) — prefixes pa-, ras-, vy-(pakramsac', raskiračyc', vyžlūkcic') and others. The weakening of Lithuanian semantic functions was also caused by the transition to the Slavic prepositional form. This process is especially worthy of attention. The minor adverbs here are usually attached to the whole Lithuanian word, without understanding the meaning of the component parts. Let us say, buožėlė, brazgūliai — minor Zodziai, but when they are praised they get one more minor suffix (bažal-ka, brazgūl-- ki). Therefore, the meaning of Lithuanian adverbs is already neutralized here. One of the most important consequences of the praising of Lithuanianisms in conversation is the decrease of accents, which, in our opinion, causes or encourages the reduction of long pronounced syllables, e.g. akdta, bazslka, harudy, kéuksnuc’, natry, pdisavac' and others. The reduction of long accentuated syllables is also present in some dzuky dialects, but even there, in general, the prepositions are leveled (cf. Zinkevičius LD 33—34; Kazlauskas 5). The Schneck lituanisms also reveal phonetic and phonological relationships between Lithuanian and Belarusian languages, which have not yet been identified and named. They show, among other things, that the most striking approach of the phonetic and phonological systems of Lithuanianism to Belarusian dialects is the loss of phonological significance of the long and short Lithuanian vowels, their complete neutralization. This is because the vowels, being able to easily change places without a difference in meaning, replace each other, and often words of different meanings adapt to each other in their sound, sounding as if they were of the same origin. For this reason, say, the present colloquial grabezddc’, meaning 'to grab', is formed from grebezdėti *belstis, rioglintis’, and zagrabiastdc’ 'to grab, to grab' —grebėstūoti 'to make with grabs'. This phenomenon contributes to the comparison of the phonetic and phonological systems of Lithuanian and Belarusian languages. Due to the weakening of Lithuanian semantic functions, Lithuanianisms in Vidzgi Belarusian dialect have often sporadically changed unrecognizably, as have many unusual borrowings in our dialects, e.g. miartil’/viartil’ "mentor- ", mibgirykšč' 'wingiarykštė', prarlovy "breathing" and others, as well as kaklėtas 'kotletas', maciklėtas'motorcycle', talerka 'leksté' and others. The totality of Lithuanianisms presented in the Vidžių šnektas shows that their forms are still changing here, not yet acquiring a stable form. The formation of this Belarusian schnekt is therefore still underway. The material of the article is important for dialectology, phonetics, phonology, morphology, contacts of Baltic-Slavic languages, substrate problem of both languages. Baltistica 1979 —Grinaveckienė E. J., Mackevič Ju. F. Nekoto52 It is the most commonly spoken dialect of the Belarusian language in the Opsa district. —Baltistica 15 (1), 52—65. Baltistica 1989 —Grinaveckienė E., Mackevič Ju. Lie. Yi vocalism in Belarusian Lithuanianisms. —Baltistica 3(1) Annex 70—80. ; 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989. Dal' —D al' V. Tolkovyj slovar' živago velikaruskago jazyka 3, S. Petersburg-Moscow: Izdaniye knigoprodavca —tipografa M.O. Wolfa, 1882. ESBM —FEtymalagicny sloūnik belaruskai movy 1—7, Minsk: Nauka i tehnika, Fasm. —F asm er M. Etimolog1978—1991. icesky slovar’ russkogo jazyka 3, Moscow: Progress, 1971. Kazlauskas —Kazlauskas J. Historical grammar of the Lithuanian language, Vilnius: The Mind, 1968. La učiute Ju. A. Glossary of Baltics in Slavic Languages, Leningrad: Nauka, 1982. LKBil. —Grinaveckienė E., Mackevič J. Some features of the phonetics of Belarusian lituanisms. —Lietuvių kalbotyros klausimai 27, Lithuanian language and bilingualism, 1988, 123—131. LKK 30 —Grinaveckiene E. Lithuanianisms of Belarusian schnecks of Kamojai district (Pastovių district, Belarus). —Lietuvių kalbotyros klausimai 30, Periferinės lietuvių kalbos tarmes, 1993, 113—132. LKK32—Grinaveckienė E. Local names of Lithuanian origin in the Vidžių district. —Lietuvių kalbotyros klausimai 32, Baltic 1993, 21—33. Onomastics Studies, LKSp.L. —Grinaveckienė E. Lithuanian-origin vocabulary in the Belarusian dialects of the Lithuanian border. —Lietuvių kalbotyros klausimai 22, Special lexicon of Lithuanian language, 1983, 182—204. LKZ —Lietuvių kalbos žodynas, Vilnius: 3—6 Politinės ir mokslinės literatūros leidykla, 7—9 Mintis, 1968—1969. 10—15 Mokslas, 1956—1991; II ed. 1—2 Mintis, LLTP —Grinaveckienė E. Lithuanianisms of Polish schnecks in Buivydžių apylinkės (Vieniaus rajonas). —Lietuviy kalbotyros klausimai 29, Problems of Lithuanian Lexicon and Terminology, 1991, 47—64. LT —Grinaveckiene E., Mackevič Ju. F., Romanovich J. M., Ceberuk J. I. Bytovaja leksika litovskogo proischoždenija v zapadnoy Belorussii. —Nepokupnyj A. P. 1975, 163—195. Balto-severoslavianskije jazykovyje sviazi, Kiev: Navukova dumka, 1976. —Nepokupnyj A. P. The Baltic-Northern Slavic Languages, Kiev: Navukova dumka, 1976. Well. —Nosovič I. I Sloūnik belaruskaj movy. Minsk: Belaruskaya sovetskaya encyklopediya imya Petrusia Brouki, 1983. SBG —Sloūnik belaruskich gavorak paūnočna-zachodniaj Belarusi i jaje pagraniczča 1—5, Minsk: Nauka i tehnika, 1979—1986. Tlum.Sl. —Tlumačal'nyj sloūnik belaruskaj movy 1, 3, 5, Minsk:Belaruskaja sovetskaja encyklopedyja imia Petrusia Broūki, 1977, 1979, 1983. Vitkauskas —Vitkauskas V. Exclusive variants of words with vowels a and u. —Lietuvių kalbotyros klausimai 29, Problems of Lithuanian Lexicon and Terminology, 1991, 204—207. Zinkevičius LD —Zinkevičius Z. Lithuanian dialectol1966. ogy, Vilnius: Mintis, Zinkevičius Ryt. Liet. —Zinkevičius Z. Eastern Lithuania in the Past and Now, Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidykla, 1993. 53 WORDS OF LITHUANIAN ORIGIN IN THE VIDŽIAI DISTRICT BYELORUSSIAN DIALECT Summary Over 230 words of Lithuanian origin used in the Vidžiai district (Breslauja region, Byelorussia) Byelorussian dialect are analyzed in this article. They provide new linguistic data which reveal the peculiarity of this Byelorussian dialect and the variety of its expressive means. Quite a big part of lexemes under analysis have never been registered in this dialect before. They add to the number of words of Lithuanian origin in Byelorussian dialects in general and contribute to solving the problem of formation of substratum phenomena and their getting established in the language. There are terms among the words of Lithuanian origin which have found their way into the language through Lithuanian dialects. They show the way terminology is created and built up. The words of Lithuanian origin have in many cases retained their Lithuanian, dialectal phonetics and morphology, similar to those of the neighbouring Lithuanian dialects (:bidral<béralas~ beralas 'unwinnowed grain', bruntki< brunkiy<brunktai~branktar wooden buttons', aciūža< aciiza< atšiūža shudder', lagiesy<lagesiai~legesiai "yellow thistles', atdduram< atadiram~ atédirom'stand apart'). Facts on which the article is based show how assimilating, the local Lithuanian dialect turned into the substratum, how first of all its semantic system disintegrated and Slavic semantic calques came into usage, and how Lithuanian prefixed verbs were soon replaced by Slavic prefixes. The weakening of the semantic functions of the words of Lithuanian origin predetermined the transition to the Slavic sufixal word building and the neutralization of the meaning of separate parts of the Lithuanian word. The main consequences of Lithuanian words acquiring more and more Slavic features are the disappearing of accent, which in our opinion, causes or stimulates reduction of long syllables, and the loss, complete neutralization of the phonological meaning of the Lithuanian long and short vowels. These peculiarities of words of Lithuanian origin are of importance in comparing the phonetic and phonological systems of the Lithuanian and Byelorussian languages. Words of Lithuanian origin in the Vidžiai dialect manifest that they have not yet acquired their constant forms and are still in the process of changing, which means that the formation of the dialect is not yet over either. The linguistic facts presented in the article are important for dialectology, phonetics, phonology and morphology of both languages as well as for research into the contacts of Baltic and Slavic languages and the substratum problem. 54