Kelios pastabos apie Prūsų Lietuvos priesaginės darybos (ir priesagėtą) oikonomiją

LITHUANIAN KALBOTYROS QUESTIONS XXXVI (1996) LITHUANIAN LANGUAGE: RESEARCHERS IR RESEARCHS Marija RAZMUKAITĖ A FEW NOTES ABOUT THE OIKONYMY OF PRUSIAN LITHUANIAN SUBJUNCTIVE (AND PREPOSITIVE) WORDS During the last few years, the interest in and efforts to investigate the oikonyms of Lithuanian subjunctive phrases have highlighted the main types and models of phrases, the greater or lesser productivity of some or other suffixes, and lexical elements (see M. Razmukaite's articles on Lithuanian oikonyms, published in "Lietuvos TSR MA darbai", "Lietuvių kalbotyros klausimai- ", "Lituanisticoje" and others). On this occasion, in commemorating the anniversary of the Lithuanian-born Prussianist J. Gerulis, our gaze turns to Lesser Lithuania, a former part of East Prussia, already separated from Great Lithuania in the 13th century. Lithuania (in 1253, Mindaugas, crowned King of Lithuania, for diplomatic reasons gave Skalva and Nadruva to the Livonian Order), the names of places in the territory isolated for a long time. The area is commonly referred to as the Southern Lowlands. The part of Lithuania that was not annexed to Lithuania after the Treaty of Versailles (1919), although the representatives of the Prussian Lithuanian National Council had made such a demand (in 1923 only Klaipėda region was regained). According to historians and other scholars- *, the territory of our interest, which extends from the river Nemunas to the rivers Deimena and Alna in the west and to Geldapés in the south, was densely populated by Lithuanians (Lithuanians) until the plague (18th century BC), or in the 16th century Lithuanian counties and parishes had already been formed here. Although the core of Lithuanian lands was the mentioned territory, Lithuanians lived further west from the counties of Labgau, Veluva — around Fišhausen (Žūvininkus), Ylava, Karaliaučiai” and further south. The territory chosen for this overview —Pakalnės (or Lanka), Tilžės, Ragainės, Labguvės, Pilkalnio, Įsrutiės, Gumbinės, Stalupėnų, Vėluva, Darkiemio and Geldapės counties, whose names of places of residence, the oikonimes of the subordinate form (about 350 oikonimes), were chosen from the list of names of places of residence by V. Ke.vaitis (cf. Kalwaitis W. Lietuwiszky Wardy Klėtele. The name of the area, and especially of the western part of the village. Many scholars were interested in the place names of Lithuania: F. Kuršaitis, K. Būga, J. Gerulis, A. Salys, V. Mažiulis, in Žr. Pakarklis P. Little Lithuania in the light of German science. 1935; Vileišis V. Nacionalinės santykiai Maž. Kaunas, Lithuania, since 1935. 105–109; Jonynasl IS Mažosios Lietuvos istorijos. Kaunas, 1933; Matulevičius A. Little Lithuania in the 18th century. Vilnius, 1989. P. 3-24 and others 27r. Matulevičius A. Min. veik. P. 8,25,28-38; ValsonokasR. Klaipeda, 1932. 5, pp. 5. "Vilnius". P. 121. 74 Br. Savukynas, Z. Zinkevičius, foreigners —M. Tepenas, A. Becenbergeris, J. Otrembskis, W. Fenzlau, R. Trautmanas, F. Tecneris and many others, who devoted much attention to the Lithuanian and Prussian languages of these lands, the etymologies of the names of individual places, the search for and establishment of the boundaries of the prusy-lietuviy tribes”. In this area, the oioinimics has not been studied in a broader and more detailed way. Therefore, we are trying to review Maž. The purpose of this study is to investigate the oikonymics of southern Lithuania from the constructive point of view, highlighting suffixes used for derivation, comparing and comparing with the data of Lithuanian territory. Although the data of the list mentioned by V. Kalvaitis reflects the late, post-plague situation (because after the plague the villages were emptied, a significant part of those villages and their names disappeared), it must be assumed that the remaining names were unchanged. Thus, the following suffixes are common in the districts proposed by V. Kalvaitis: with -išk-(-iškas, -iškas, -iškė, -iškiai), -énai, -(i)inikai (-eninkai), -eliai, -ėliai, -ynai, -inė, -ynė, -ava, -ija, -otai, etc. The most productive suffix here with -i$and its derivatives: a) -iska: Lauk-iška* (and Laukiškoji) (Lbg)*: pvd. (=surname) Laukas, Laukis; b) -ish. From personal names: Kraūp-iškas (Lbg): Kraupis; Malva (Malva spp.) - Malva (Malva spp.) - Malva (Malva spp.) - Malva (Malva spp.) - Malva (Malva spp.) - Malva (Malva spp.) - Malva (Malva spp.) Malvicas; Nan-iskas bk. (Is) : Nanys; (c) -expelled. From personal names: Bubl-isk: (and Baubl-iškė) (Tlž): Bublis, Būblis (and Baublis); (Tlž): Švėndra, Švėndras, Švendrijs; d) -iškiai. "Al-Ittihad Bk. (Is): Alis; Ašm-iškiai (Rg) Ašmūis; Aud-in (Drk): Aud-in; Blud-iškiai (or Blud-iškiai) (Rg) Bleūddžius (and Bleūddžius); Budel-iškiai (Pak): Budélis; Butk-iškiai (Rg): Butkus; Bitėn-iškiai (Pak): Bitėnas (see Bitėnai k.) (Rg); 1998. (in Russian) *Ceida, plg. Cheida; Daugėl-iškiai (Stlp): Daugėla; Dervel-iškiai (Šlu): Dervėlis; Doc-ish (Tlž): Décis, Docis; * Drūt-iškiai (Drut-iškiai) (Gmb): Breast; Eigimin-iskiai (Plkn): * Eigimin; Ensk-iškiai (Plkn): Enskis, Enskys; Gail-iškiai (Tz): Gailius; "Jogeris" (Tz) *Jogeris, plg. Jäger; Gerk-iškiai (Gld): Gerke, Gerkis; Germin-iškiai (Stlp): * Germinas, plg. Germans, Germans; Gerv-iskiai (Gmb): Gerv; Gil-iškiai (Is): Gilys; Gin-ish (Pak): Gin; * Girat-iskii (Pak): Girditis (Giratis); Gober-iskiai (Plkn): Goberas, Goberys; Griga3 Having drawn attention to the addition of the names of places in this region, i.e. the second addition of the names of places, A. Becenbergeris has determined the places inhabited by Lithuanian Prussians and Lithuanians and their boundaries (according to the components -kehmen and ig i I and -garben, -uppen and -ape). {The spelling of pronouns is reconstructed according to the current script. S Abbreviations of districts: Drk —Darkiemio, Gld —Geldapės, Gmb —Gumbinės, Is —Įsrutiės, Lbg —Labguvos, Pak —Pakalnės, Plkn —Pilkalnio, Rg —Ragainės, Stlp —Stalupėnų, Slu —Silutés, Tlz —Tilžės, Vel —Vėluvos. „Personal names (surnames) are usually quoted from the "Lithuanian surname dictionary". T. 1—2, V., 1985; 1989 or from the list of names of V. Kalvaitis (see. Min. I'm sick. P. 7-=-20): 15 l-beams (Stlp): Gregorian; Grobl-iškiai (Gld): Groblis; Gryt-iškiai (Pak): Gryta; Gulbin-iškiai (Gld): Gulbinas; Gumbel-iskiai (Pak): Gumbel; 2000) (PDF) (PDF) (PDF). Bovine animals; "Jevon-iskiai (Drk): *Jevonis, plg. Jevanduskas, Jevainius; Jod-iskiai (Juod-iškiai) (Shu): Jodys, Juodįijs; Jukn-iškiai (Gmb): Juknis; Jurd-iškiai (Gld): Jurdys; "Kalak-iskiai (Plkn) *Kalakas, plg. Fish meat; Kaplan-iškiai (Pak): Kaplan; * Karūniškiai (Karun-iškiai) (Plkn): Crown; Kaukol-iškiai (Pak): Kaukolas; Keler-iškiai (Tlž): Keller; Kiaun-iskii (Is): Kiduné; Kil-iškiai (Šlu): Kilius; Klaus-iškiai (Tlž): Klausas, Klausa; * Kolait-iškiai (Kolat-iškiai) (Drk): Kolditis (Kolata, Kolatis); Kol-iškiai (Is): Kolis, Kolis, plg. pr. avd. Cale; Koš-iškiai (Drk): Košis, Košijs; Kragel-iskiai (Rg): * Kragelis, plg. Jug; Krakon-iskiai (Rg): * Krakonas, plg. Krakūnas; Krok-iškiai (Tlž): Krokas; (Rg): 2000; "Cyril-iskii (Slu): * Kyrelis, plg. Kirel; 1996. (in Polish) Ławski, P. Labavidius, Labaitis; "Lenkoniškiai (Stlp): *Lenkonas, plg. Lenkynas; Liepin-iskiai (Pak): Liepinis, Liepinis; "Linava-iskiai (Gld): * Linavas, plg. Linuvaitis; Link-iskiai (Gld) Linkjs; Luk-iskiai (Slu): Luck; * Makun-iskiai (Makun-iskiai) (Gld): Makūnas; 1999. (in German) Martens, W., et al. (eds.). Martin; 1999. (in Polish) Medun-iskiai (Drk): * Medunas, plg. Medunėckas; * Miegun-iskiai (Mieguniškiai) (Gmb): *Miegūnas, plg. Bullion, Sample and so on. ; Norvil-ish (Rg): Nérvila, Norvilas; Nurn-iškiai (Rg): Nurna; Paulik-iškiai (Stlp): Paulikas; * Perkun-iskiai (Perkun-iskiai) (Is): Thunder; South-iskish (Rg): * Pietys, plg. Pietaitis; Platén-iskiai (Is): * Platénas, plg. Silver; Plaviskiai (Gld): Plavas; Pleik-iskiai (T1z): Pleikis, Pleikjs; Povel-iskiai (Is): Powvelis; * Pruas-iskiai (Prus-iskiai) (Gmb): Prisas, etn. Prunus; * Samool (Samol-iskiai) (Plkn): Samiolis (Samolis); Siutil-iskiai (Pak): Siutilas; Symon-iskiai: * Symonas, plg. Simon; Sarv-iskiai (Drk): Sarva; Sukiskiai (Tz): Shukis, Shukis; Sliken-iskiai (Stlp): *Slikenas, plg. Slikas, Slikis; 1999. (in Polish) Tadeusz Kościuszko, pp. 15. Tamavicius; Taukin-iskiai (Stlp): Taukinis, Taukinas; "Tolmin-iskiai (Gld): * Tolminas, plg. Tolmynas; 2011. (in Turkish) ^ Tuncer, Ali. Tonsillitis; (Stlp): 2000; Valel-iskiai (Gmb): Valėlė; Verdel-iskiai (Plkn): * Verdelis; Véderait- -iskiai (Vederaitiškiai) (Rg): Véderaitis; Venslov-iskiai (Rg): Venslovas; Wilker-iskiai (Rg): * Wilker; "Vulv-iskii (Shu): plg. Vulfas; "Vyc-iskiai (Pak): * Vycius, * Vycas, plg. Vyéas; Blue (Plkn): Blue; Zynel-iskiai (Pak): Zynélis et al. ; from water names" and other place names: Akmen-iskiai (Rg): Akmengs, Akmeénis up. (Rg); Algav-iskiai (German: Algischken) (Pak): Alga up. (Rg); Blind-iskiai (Gld): Blindé up. (Gld); Eimen-iskiai(Plkn, Stlp): Eimengs up. (Plkn); * Melav-iski (Lbg): Miélava up. (Lbg); Ragav-iskiai (Drk), plg. (Drk), be to, plg. pr. vtv. Ragow, Ragaw (Ylava); Silup-iskiai (Rg): * Silupé; 7 For comparison, the water names are provided from the list of water names by V. Kalvaitis (see Kalwaitis W. Min. veik. p. 68—72) and Vilius Pėteraitis "Mažoji Lietuva ir Tvanksta” (Vilnius, 1992. p. 402—412). 76 (Pak): manor house; Eglyn-iškiai (Gld): fir tree (<eglė); Erub-iskii (Plkn): erub tarm. "Jerubá"; Ežer-iškiai (Drk): lake; 1990: The Demigods: The Demigods. (<circle); "Silver Mountain (Desert Mountain)". (<kdlnas); Kalniškiai (Plkn): mountain; "Lauk-iškiai (Plkn): laukelis demin". (<laukkas), but see avd. Box; Naudvar-iškiai (Tlž): -*naudvaris<naujidvaris; Pervalkiškiai (Pak): pėrvalka, pėrvalkas; 2000: S.O.S. (Sound Of Silence). (<silas); Trakai (Gld): trakas and others. ; k The derivatives of suffixes with -ik constitute about 40% of the derivatives of suffixes in this territory and are widespread throughout Pr. In Lithuania: in the west the Vedic border coincides with the western Pr. The Lithuanian line, i.e. it runs through the counties of Labguvė and Vėluva, and in the south-west it appears in the counties of Girdavė and Ungurds®, thus crossing the Bezenberg and even V. Pėteraitis Prussian-Lithuanian water borders; further west of the Labguva-Veluva- -Girdava counties - no discoveries of the phrase were recorded. In Lithuania, suffixes with -1 are the most productive, their derivatives are spread throughout the territory of Lithuania" and with Prussian Lithuania form a local, uninterrupted area. The second most common suffix in Prussian Lithuania is -énai (~17%). Just like in Lithuania! The name of the village is mainly derived from the name of the water and the name of the village. From water names: Alksnup-- ėnai (Plk): Alksnupė (Plkn); Anglup-ėnai (Gld): Anglupė (Gld); 1996. pp. I, pp. II. "Stlp" together with the prepositional ved. ; 1999. pp. Plg. 2000) and the 2001-2002 season of the Premier League (with Fulham and Aston Villa). ; 1999. (in Polish) Żywiec: PWN. Aukštupė (Gmb); Adlav-énai bk. (Is): Classroom (Is); Bamb-énai (Rg): Bamb, a tree; Blindup-ėnai (Rg): Blind-river (Blindé) (Rg); Brakup-énai (Brok-up- -énai) (Gmb): Brakupé (Gmb); Budupénai (Rg, Plkn): Budupé (Rg); Draugup-- énai (Plkn)-: Draūgupė (Plkn); Elksnup-- énai (Lbg): Elksnupé (Elksné) (Lbg); Gailup-énai (Gmb): Gailupé (Gmb); Juodupė (Plkn); Kirsnup-- énai (Rg): Kirsnupe (Rg); Klampup-- énai (Gmb): Klampupis, Klampupé (Gmb); Lauk-upénai (Stlp): Laukupé (Stlp); Orup-énai (Plkn): Orupé (Plkn); Osup-énai (Pak) : *Osupé, plg. Part (Pak); Pilup-énai (Is, Stlp): Pilupé (Stlp); Platupėnai (Lbg): Platupé (Lbg); Ragup-énai (Plkn): Ragupé (Plkn); Rudupénai (Gmb): Rudupé (Gmb); Skardup-- énai (Plkn, Rg, Gmb): Skardupé (Is, Gmb); Skerstup-énai (Drk): Skerstupé (Drk); Stalup-énai mst. (Stlp): Stalupé (Stile) (Stlp); Stonup-énai (Rg): *Stonupé (Stoné) (Rg); Strijénai (Is): Strijus (Is); *Siekstup-énai (Sekstup- -énai) (Stlp): Siekstupé, Sékstupé (Stlp); Silup-énai (Stlp): Silupé (Stlp); Taurup-énai (Drk): Taurupé (Drk); Taurut-énai (T1z): Taurus (Tz); Vorup-énai (Varup-énai?) (Plkn): Vorupé (Plkn); Verksnup-énai (Rg): Verksnupé (Rg); 3 The data of Siy and other counties, which were already outside the traditional borders of Lithuania, are taken from "Die Gemeinden und Gutsbezirke der Provinz Preussen" (Berlin, 1874). 9 pg. Razmukait e M. Characteristic prepositions of Lithuanian TSR oikonimų daryba. —Lithuanian SSR MA works. A series. 1989. T. 3. P. 139-141. 107r RazmukaitéM. Minstr. P. 139, 145. 7 (Re): Vinkšnupė (Rg); Vorup-ēnai (Gmb): Vérupe (Gmb); Zgsup-énai (Rg): Zgsupé (Rg); Žifgup-ėnai bk. (Gmb): Horseshoe (Gmb); (Gmb) (Gmb) (Gmb) (Gmb) (Gmb) (Gmb) (Gmb) Stlp): Stlp (Stlp); from other place names (oikonies- ): Gervišk-- ėnai (Gmb): Gerviškiai k. (Gmb); Kraupiškėnai (Rg): Kraūpiškas bk. (Rg); Tarpup-énai (Is, Stlp): Tarpupiai k. (Stlp) (but compare b. z. tafpupis "place between rivers"); from apeliatyvy, place names!" : Sod-énai (Drk): sodas; soda "village"; Shil-ēnai bk. (Plkn): šilas (but plg. pvd. Šilėnas); Trak-ėnai (Rg): missing (but compare trakėnas “inhabitant of Trakai”); Užup-ėnai (Gld, Gmb) tulip, : tulip "place of už the river". Some oikonimi with the formant -ēnai may not be Vedic, but pluralia tantum genders. It is mainly used in the following fields: Particle Physics, Particle Physics, Particle Physics, Particle Physics. It was; (Rg), plg. Degé; Daken (Gld): * Daken, plg. Dakėnaitis; 2nd ed., pp. p. The dop-aitis; "GmbH", plg. Playroom; Queens (Is), plg. Crowns; "Kubilėnai (Rg), plg. Kubilius; Lapėnai (Is): Lapėnas; "Stlp", plg. Lengvis, Lengvinas; Kvietkėnai (Gmb), plg. Kviéthus, Kvietkis; "Rogainėnai (Stlp), plg. Roga, * Rogainis (but plg. vtv. Rogaintai k. (Pak) kt. ir The area of distribution of oikonimų with this suffix in Prussian Lithuania coincides with the area of oikonimų derived from -iškiniai: however, looking to the west from the line formed by the border of the counties of LabguvosVėluva-- Girdavė, we find oikonimų with -énai (German -ehnen, -6hnen) quite a lot in the whole area inhabited by Lithuanians!? (about Žūvinikai, Karaliaučiai, Sventapili, Ylava, Rémuva and further south — about Braneva, Kečyna; south of Ungura-Geldapės counties — not recorded). In Lithuania, this suffix in the derivatives from Ta is common mainly in the territory of Žemaitija and the southwestern part of Lithuania- '* Another significant suffix of oikonimi is -ynai (~14%). Some of the oikonimi with this suffix may not be Vedic of the suffix -ynai, but pluralia tantum forms made from the coopni apeliatyvy. However, the popularity of oikonimų with the formant -ynat in this territory is still striking. This, of course, suggests that -ynai in Prussian Lithuania is also a derivative part of oikonimi. Most of these are place names related to adjective lexicons: Apuokynai (Plkn) apiiokas; Aukšteglynai (Slu): *aukšteglė "high spruce"; Ąžuolynai bk. (Rg): oak; Beržynai (Rg): birch; Blendynai (Rg): blend "blend"; Brekštynai (Rg): brėkštė (but see pvd. Brekstys); Ežerynai (Drk): lake (but plg. pvd. Ežerys); Gandr-ynai (Is): garidras (but see pvd. Gandras); Guobynai (Pak): gūoba (but see pvd. Goba); Blackwood (Plk): blackwood; Juniper trees (Lbg): juniper; Hemp (Gmb): hemp; Karklynai (Stlp) 41 Oikonimai with -ėnai (as well as with -(i)inikai (-eninkai) can be non-prepositional derivatives, but plural tantum oikonimai made from prepositioned appellatives or names of persons, inhabitants. ? Plg. “The Communities and Estate Districts.” However, older sources from the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries indicate that the prefix -ein was used here (see Gerullis G. Die alipreussischen Ortsnamen. Berlin und Leipzig. 1922). 3 See. Razmukaitė M. Min. str. P. 144 (bottom). 18 : kafklas; Kelmynai (Pak): cold; Garlic (Drk): garlic "wild garlic"; Maple (Drk): maple; Lendr-ynai (Gmb): reed "cane" (cf. pvd. Nendrynas); Nettles (Drk): nettle "nettle"; Pine forests (Plkn): pine; Samanynai (Gld): sūmana; Serpentynai (Lbg): serpent “serbenta”; Skirpstynai (Is): skifpstas "wilkšišnė" (but pg. pvd. Skirpstas); Skroblynai (Gmb): skréblas (but see also pvd. Skrobla, Skroblys- ); Ants (Lbg): ant; Smilgynai (Lbg): small; Silynai (GId): sil; Beetles (Drk): beetle (but plg. pvd. Beetle); Vanagynai (Gld): vanished (but see pvd. Vanagas); Vinksnynai (Rg): vinksna; Lightning (Drk): frog (Zabynas- ); 2000) (Plkn, Rg): žvirblis (but plg. pvd. Žvirblis) ir kt. Some of these names may be related to personal names: Doblynai (Pak): Doblys (Duoblis); Egertynai (Plk): Egertas; Loot (Drk): a grave; Kragynai (Gdl): Krdgas; KruSynai (Drk): Krusius, Krusa, plg. Krusaitis; Lobynai(- Drk): Lopas; Pagelynai (Is): Pagel; Pendrynai (Gmb): Pendrius; Raukutynai (T1z): Raukutis; Slaughterhouses (Is): slaughterhouses; Sergeants (Lbg): Sergeant; 2000) (PDF) (PDF) (PDF). Valdaitis; Vanagynai (Gld): Vanagas; Varzi (Pak): Varzys, Varzius (but plg. up. Virzé (Pak); Vilmantynai (Rg): Vilmantas; Visbarynai (Plkn): Visbaras; Irmantynai (Is): * Irmantas; Zygmantynai (Zygmantynai) (Is): * Zygmantas, Zygmantas, plg. Zigmantas, v. Zigmantas and others. Other oikonimai with the formant -ynai have also single person names equivalents: Jonynai (Rg): Jonynas; Paletynai (Rg): Paletynas; Bakery bk. (Is): Bakery; 2000: "Sudynai" (Tlz): * "Sudynas", plg. Sudynaitis et al. Oikonimai with -ynai is not only recorded in the traditional area of Prussian Lithuania; they are especially abundant in the western, “Prussian” part of the territory; They are also spread to the south of the "Potsdam" line —about Ressel, Kencin, Olsztyn. In Lithuania with the formant -ynai few oikonimų teuzregistruota —a little about Prienai, Alytus, Marijampolė, but there is no uniform area. The suffix -(i)inikai (-eninkai) (~8.5%) is somewhat more significant in this territory. This is mainly due to water and soil erosion. Akel-ninkai (Slu): Akėlė up. (Šlu); Arg-eninkai (Tlž): Arga up. (Tlz); Os-ininkai (Pak): Osa river (Pak); Tovėl-ninkai (Pak): Tovėlė river (Pak); 1999. (in Polish) "Płk. pil. Versmėlė river (Plkn); from appellative place names, physiographical, geobotanical, etc. terns: Beržt-ininkai (Tlž): bėržta "birch land, place where birches grow"; Mod-ists (Rg): mod (cf. adjective "mod inhabitant")! Egl-ininkai (Plkn): eagle, eagle "jane"; Ežer-ninkai (Lbg, Drk, Rg): lake (cf. eZernirikas’ local inhabitant of the lake; “pond catcher- ”); Gir-ininkai (Šlu): forest (cf. girininkas "eigulys" and avd. Girininkas); Kdln-ininkai bk. (Slu): mountain (cf. miner "mountain dweller"- ); Kupstininkai (Tlž) : smoked "comfy" (plg. kūstininkas "inhabitant of the kūst"); Ark-ininkai (Rg): bow (cf. archer "living on the hill, in a bow"); See footnote 11. 79 Lūuž-ininkai (Tlž): a fire "a crooked trout, a broken tree"; (Again): buck; Rag-ists (Shlu): rye "a pointed area of land interposed into the sea; peninsula"; Sal-eninkai (Rg): island (see Salininkas district); Šil-ininkai (Plkn, Stlp): a hill (cf. šilininikas "the inhabitant of a hill"); Tractors (Pak, Tz): tractor; Ving-ininkai (Gmb): bend (cf. and avd. Vingis); Vyp-ininkai (Is): plg. (?) pr. wipis "branch- "; Virž-ininkai (Is): viržis, viržiai "shilojai- "; Žard-ininkai (Gld): Zardis "covered place for livestock"; from adjectives: Nauj-eninkai (Drk, Gld): naūjas; Saus-ininkai (Pak): dry. The other part of the oikonimų with the formant -(i)ininkai (-eninkai) is no longer Vedic, but the pluralia tantum forms of prefixed adjectives, names of inhabitants, related to the profession, occupation: Avininkai (Gmb) < avininkas "shepherd of sheep, keeper of sheep"; Dravininkai (Stlp) < drūvininkas "beekeeper"; Dubininkai (Gld) < dūbininkas "fur worker"; Meškininkai (Gmb) < hunter “who keeps, raises a bear”; Lašininkai (Is) < lašininkas "butcher"; Cartographers (Tz) < cartographer "fisherman" etc. It is interesting to note that oikonimai with -(t)ninkai, -eninkai are spread throughout the southern Maž. The western and south-western borders of their distribution coincide with the border of the Prussian- -Lithuanian water names derived by V. Pėteraitis. It is true that oikonimi with this suffix and its Prussian variant -niken can be seen outside these borders: Fišhauzeno (Žūvininkų), Frydlando (Romuvos) aps. ; south of Geldape they —not recorded. This type of derivatives is not abundant in Lithuania; this suffix is more familiar in the Klaipeda region, in the area of the Neris and Nemunas basins (i.e. from Ukmerge, Jonava to the south)'>. Another prominent suffix of Prussian Lithuanian oikonimai is -eliai, -ėliai. These are mainly oikonimes derived from other oikonimes (toponymic mazybés- )'®: Baltruš-- ėliai (Rg): Baltrusiai (Rg); Dagut-eliai (Plkn): Dagučiai (Plkn); Degeséliai (Stlp): Degesiai (Stlp); Druélauk- -eliai (Is): Druélaukiai (Is); Girn-eliai (Gmb): Girniai (Gmb); Ex-tensions (Pak): IS-extensions (Pak); Jurbark-- eliai (Is): Jurbarkas (Is); Laukinink-eliai (Rg): Laukininkai (Rg); Hazelnuts (Drk, Plk); Lenkinink-eliai (Rg): Lenkininkai (Is); Softening (Gmb): Softening (Gmb); Sakal-éliai (Rg): Sakalai (Rg); Stubryk-- eliai (Drk): Stubrykai (Gmb); Silén-eliai (Plkn): Šilėnai (Plkn); (Rg) Tutl-eliai (Rg); Varkav-éliai (Is): Varkavai (Is); Vasok-éliai (Plkn): Vasokai (Plkn); 2010: The Last of Us (Rg) Vėžup-ėliai (Plkn): Veézupiai (Plkn); Vobul-éliai (Rg): Vobuls (Rg); In addition, the following names of inhabited places, which no longer have a pre-saginiy equivalent (maybe they have disappeared), can be linked to other oikonimes: Būdviet-- ėliai (Stlp): * Būdviečiai (see pvd. Būdvietis); Draskyn-- eliai (Is): *Draskiniai (see pvd. Draskinis); Jakšteliai (Slu): *Jakstai (cf. pvd. Jakštas); Krusyn-eliai (Plkn): * Krusynai (cf. pvd. Krusings- ); Maigunisk-eliai (Gmb): * Maiguniskiai; Razbaininkeliai (Plkn): *Razbaininkai; Sodyn-éliai (Gmb): *Garden; Eggs: 15 See Razmukaite M., Min. str. P. 144. 16 Zr Razmukaite M., Lithuanian oikonimai, derived from other oikonimai. —Lituanisticą, 1991. No. 2(6). P. 53. 80 *Egg (see pvd. Kiausis and Kiaušiai villages (Plkn); Kubil-éliai (Plkn): * Kubiliai (cf. pvd. Kubilius); Seating arrangements (Gld): * Seating arrangements; Pleasures (Stlp): * Pleasures; 2000) 2000: The Shadows (B.B. King, dir. Užupėnai village (Gmb); Alkyn-éliai (Drk): * Alkynes (or b.z. alkynas); Barageliai (Plkn): * Baragai (or b.z. baragas- ”pastoge sienui”, demin. baragelis); Gluosnyn- -éliai (Rg): * Gluosnynai (or b.z. willow) and others. "Oikonymi me -eliai, -€liai" (in Lithuanian). In Lithuania it is narrower than with -(i)ninkai, even more so with -1šk-; it is limited to the former. "Gumbinés megyei körzetek, és a Bp. In the Labguva and Veluva counties of Karaliaučius district, oikonimų with these suffixes has not been recorded, although they sporadically occur to the west and south outside these counties (in the counties of Fišhauzene, Karaliaučius, Sventapilis, Ylava and others — 1 oikonimą with -ellen). In Lithuania, this type of derivatives is spread throughout the territory and does not form separate arealy." Among the rarer suffixes in Prussian Lithuania we could mention -ine, -yne, -ava (-avai), -ija and others. The suffix -inė, derived from personal names, is abundant in Lithuania, except in the Žemaitijos region and the very southern part of Lithuania'®, Pr. In Lithuania, it is not very productive (~3%). Its derivatives are found in an even narrower range than suffixes with -eliai, -ėliai (the western boundary coincides, in the south — to the district of Geldape); from personal names: Blėk-inė (Rg): pvd. Blēka, Blēkius; Disher (Pak): pvd. *Disheris, cf. pvd. Disheraitis; Druzhansk (Tlž): pvd. *Drauganskas, -is, plg. pvd. A friend, a friend; Gud-iné (Gmb): pvd. Shame; 1999: Pvd. Knobs; Skirpst-- other (Pak): pvd. Skirpstas (or b.z. skirpstas "such a plant of the guobiniy family"); Sanc-iné (Tlz): pvd. *Santys (see Sankys and Santa); 2000) (Rg): Pvd. Seires; from adjective: Ang-iné (Is): angis; Obuol-iné (Pak): apple, apples; Ziezdr-iné (Pak): žiėzdras "zvirgzdas” (but cf. pvd. Ziezdrys) and others. It is difficult at present to say whether further west and | south of the mentioned boundary -ine suffixes were derived, without examining the whole western part of the territory with -innen, -informantu oikonimų recorded in German sources, because such notation can correspond to suffixes with both -tnė and -inas. The only thing that is clear is that there were also -tnoikonimų to the south of Ungura and Geldape counties, i.e. about Olecka. In the western part of the county, the name is not recorded. One after another oikonimą recorded and with other suffixes: -ynė: Akmenynė (Stlp): b.z. stone > stoneware; 2000) (b.c.) jovaras > jovarian; Paucak-ynė (Plkn): avd. * Paucakys, plg. pvd. Pautelis, Pautenis and others. ; Varl-yné (Plkn): b.j. varlė > varljné. It is possible that these oikonimes are not derived from the -ynė suffix, but are common words of a collective meaning that have become oikonimes. ; -(i)ava (-uva): Tepl-iava (Vēl), cf. pr. vtv. Tape, Tape-law-- ke'", Vėl-uva 17 See. Razmukaite M. Min. str. P. 59. 18 pp. Razmukaitė M., More Characteristic Pronouns of Lithuanian TSR P. 142. 19 pel of these interpretations plg. Gerullis G. Min. veik. P. 181 and 189. -— 81 (Once again, plg. pr. avd. Welle'", song. Vėlius, Vėlis; -ija: Seper-ija (Rg): vod Seperys; Varn-ija (Pak): pvd Varna, Vainas or b.z. warn, be warned; -ainė: Rag-ainė mst.(Rg): b.ž. horn "a pointed area of land, interposed in the jura; peninsula...; angle"; -ena: Calf-ena (Tz): b.z. blacksmith or blacksmith. -otai: Argel-otai (Pak): * Argelé up., plg. 2000: The New York Times: B.C. mountain or *mountain. Summarizing the remarks about the more pronounced oikonimų suffixes in Prussian Lithuania, it should be said that some suffixes and their prevalence form a continuous area with the suffixes common in Lithuania or its western and southwestern areas (-iškiai, -ėnai, -inė), while others mark the uniqueness of Prussian Lithuania (higher concentration of oikonims with -ininkai, -eliai, -ėliai, prevalence and productivity of oikonims with -ynai). Some remarks on suffix formations of place names in Prussian Lithuania Summary The article discusses suffix formations of place names in the southern part of Lesser Lithuania (Prussian Lithuania) in the districts of Darkiemis (Darkehmen), Geldapė (Goldap), Gumbinė (Gumbinnen), Įsrutis (Insterburg), Labguva (Labiau), Pakalnė (Niederung), Pilkalnis (Pillkallen), Ragainė (Ragnit), Stalupénai (Stalluponen), Tilze (Tilsit), Veluva (Wehlau). The material is collected from the list of place names by W. Kalwaitis (Kalwaitis W. Lietuwisky Wardy Kletele. Tilžėje 1910 m. p. 24—67). From the above mentioned circles there are about 400 suffix formations of place names with the suffixes (the order of productivity of the derivatives is followed) -isk-(-išktai, -iškė, -iškas, -iska), -énar, -ynai, -(i)ninkai (-eninkai), -eliai, -eliai, -ine, -ynė, -ava '(~uva) and others. collected. It is noted that the formation principles of suffixed place names of this part of Lesser Lithuania do not differ in many cases from the formation principles of the western and eastern Lithuanian dialects. southwestern edge of Lithuania. With the suffix -15, the place names were usually formed from personal names, with -énai from Gerwasser names. The place names with the formants -ynaz and -(i)ninkai (-eninkaz) show more the specific regional type of formation. 82