Enklitinių veiksmažodžių formų „mi“, „ti“ vartojimas kai kuriose pietų žemaičių šnektose

XXXVII (1997) PROBLEMS OF LEXICOGRAFY AND LEXICOLOGY Adele The aim of this article is —at least briefly— to dwell on a very old and interesting linguistic phenomenon —the use of the enclitic forms of the verbs mi, fr. Prof. V. Grinaveckis (Grinaveckis 1960: 41-110), A. Salys (Salys, 1992: 337) and Prof. Z. Zinkevičius (Zinkevičius 1966) have already analyzed this phenomenon in their dialectological works. Many such examples, taken from K. Sirvydas, M. Daukša, J. Bretkūnas and other authors of our ancient writings, are also presented in the volumes of LKŽ. Linguists from other countries were also interested in this ancient phenomenon of our language — the German S. Herman (Hermann 1926: 15) and the Norwegian Ch. S. Stangas (Stang 1966: 253-254). It was believed that the inclinés forms of verbs have now completely disappeared. This is to be contradicted: they are still used by the old representatives of the southern Žemaičių (Dūnininkų) dialect. However, younger people, although they know their dialect well, do not know these forms at all. We want to delve at least a little deeper into the sayings presented in the old writings or recorded in the dictionary and heard in dialects with these preserved forms of enclitics. The enclitic forms are thought to have originated from the verb + personal pronoun. Since the pronoun attached to the accentuated verb was unaccentuated, it changed by abbreviation: from mun came mir, from fau—tr. This could also be proven by examples from the ancient scriptures: dokly duomi SD 72 “due tribute given”, afch iemus dimi amfina giwenima BP II 83 “AS they are given eternal life”, galwa sawa dimi uffu awis mana BP II 74 “The head of my due u are my sheep”, dikem nauie tikra Dwafe BP II 301 “Give me a new true spirit”, padimi ing twirtas rakas tawos Pweczeušios meiles DK 180-181 “Gived into the firm hands of your most holy love”. Such examples can also be found in the works of our linguists. There are also many of them in J. Jablonski- ’s writings: duokiam (duokia + mi, i.e. duokiam) duonos kasnelj Kv (J. Jabl), tylek, vaikeli, tuoj duonelės duosiuot (I will give you) (J. Jabl 1957: 256), paskum i savo veidą pamirode (showed me his face), dantį svembiam, dantį geliam * I sincerely thank doc. dr. V. Vitkauskas for the proposed topic and help in writing the article (making the map and arranging the transcription). 201 (sweat me, cry me) (J. Apple 1957: 255-256). Profesoriaus Z. According to Zinkevičius 1966: 300), (Zinkevičius several similar examples are given in K. Jaunius's Lithuanian Grammar. One could mention such sentences: suspikim (= suspiskim) glavecku “coxmu MHe TOJIOBVIKY- ”, tooth hurts “y Mens Gojnur 396", or tooth hurts? (= it hurts you) “6oxuT y Te6a 3y6?”, tylek, wąszczę paimsiuot (= I will take the whip for you) “moray, Bo3bMy Tebe pozry"(Zinkevičius 1966: 300-301). According to E Kuršaitis (KGr 1876: 299), such forms were known to the Prussian Lithuanians from the old hymns, and are almost no longer used in the living po. Nevertheless, the people of Varna, the people of the region, still sometimes say the I-th person forms of the future tense with the augmented t (< ti) or the adjacent (present tense I-th person) forms, even in the present tense. type participant adds that -!f (<tr) (bovdu osek'ėšos' it “I was upsetSu”, bova Zad'iejos'it “you were upset”). It is a lost date. Prof. V. Grinaveckis claims that in his dialect (about Laukuva) the future tense verbs of the direct denotation in the I and II person endings are often pronounced with the ¢ ending, and the following sentences are given: d'érpsiit Spuoké.n'e —dirbsuot špokinę “I will work an inklą”; zesiit nom'in ~ eisuot numien “I will go home”; važ'ūsūt i Šelal'e ~ I will go to Šilalė; vérsiit večėrė pdtra ~ to turn over (“I will turn over” the dinner soup; ar és'it'i jėžera “or go (“go *) to the lake”; a dūs'it mon piitos ~ to give me lunch; je fres It, gaus'it—if ėsyt (“ési”), gausyt (“gausi”) (Grinaveckis 1960: 109). The first person of the future tense with an ending; used more frequently than the second. Sometimes it is also used at the end of other verb forms, e.g.: 02b70skas bovūu os'ek'ėšos'it —uz bliuskos (“laidinukés- ”) buvau užsikišusyt [nosinę] (Grinaveckis 1960: 109). The endings £ of the aforementioned verbs are believed to be a remnant of the enclitic pronoun # (tau). After losing its meaning, # grew up with the I-person verb and became an ending. In addition, the first person plural of the verb is also used in the second person verb. Sometimes, according to my data, it is added to other verb forms. It is often grown with the ending of the first person present tense verbs, and sometimes it is grown even with the endings of the participants. All this could be proved by examples written by me and from other adjacent Samogitian dialects (part of them are taken from the LKŽ database, the other part is written by Dr. V.Vitkauskas). Here they are: being nazėnos nuv'erčau yukas Pj (LKŽ K) "being ignorant — I would turn it into a joke"; kon dar'is'it Sv "what will you do? "; kon p'ėrks'it torgū Sv “what to buy in the market?”; mos'ičt tor'ies'it t'ik p'ėn'ingū, ka tūok'os dal'ikos perkal'ūoje Šv (LKŽ K) “maybe you have enough money to buy such things?”; ka to I'ieks'it pro dor'ės Grdm “that you run through the door”; kaZ'e ar aš tau it ėksūt Sv “do I tell you?”; d4 nu galvijos tabliec’o 10riit Kv (LKZ K) “still from the head of tablets to hold”; /dukiit liukit, vo anūo jau nab'ie (mires) Sv “laukuot distribution map in southern Samogitia 202 Forms of verbs 22; fi (dūnininkai) * 100 102 126 98 125 127 9 Telšiai 130 128 131a " L 129 151 o Kretinga o Plung 152 156 157 158 155 ; “and, 159 189 190 187 yes 191 —s 219 20 20a — 252 ai \ 222 Kelmė „p 253 o 254 \ 255 256 < 258 Fitts) 2 Ss 288 289 290 and [| 292 293 3 287 / 291 Q g Šilalė 326 328 Er J WwW 325 ai 3 9 322 Pd 327 32 361 83 % 357 3 3 359 o Sime i —- UBF ua 358 360 362 ava) 1 X 332 390 391 396 x 387 89 344 14. 3 sec L a 388 a9 Teurde® 295 397 or 435 p. 392 vD-25 Li 43) 34 arn 4 a N 8 433 = 28 Ly ao § 5) LS 465 pt “1 ą “x, 461 462 466 ——4), an A% ai 4188 489 5 & R 484 Jurbarkas RTF S 490 492 į "i ) , rado’ Istit11š Šešupe 511 Šai Ka timing 510 5 pg A 525 List of settlements from which material was collected 286 —Judrėnai (Klaipėdos r.) 288 —Kvėdarna (Šilalės r.) 254 —Laūkuva (Šilalės r.) 322 —Pajūris (Šilalės r.) 289 —Šiaūduva (Šilalės r.) 323 — Šilalė 285 —Švėkšna (Šilalės r.) 321 —Teneniai (Šilalės r.) 356 —Vainūtas (Šilalės r.) 357 —Žvingiai (Šilalės r.) 203 wait, 0 it's gone"; Sp ėrso, e ženūosit Jdr (LKŽ K) “I’ll peel (the coat), and you’ll know”; torit m'ižo, kvičū Sv "to have barley, wheat"; važ'ūsūt i torgo Sv “to go to the market”; asit pas raibe Sv “to go to Raibe”; ; tujau b'ėnksūt s'ūt'e Grdm “you're going to sew”; af'edūk, kon bova žad'iejos'it Lkv (LKŽ K) “give back what you promised“; aš in ėsūt Žv (LKŽ K) “I am ineSuot”; kan I eš him from v'ērsūt (from that drink), I f pavils ose eso Tn (LKZ K) “what I eSversuot from him, I have eaten”; ana mon bdva s'ėn'ė žad'iejos'it Lkv (LKŽ K) “ana mun had long promised”; je nezad'in'- sit, mone k'éks Vn (LKZ K) “if you don't believe, you are afraid; boc' parnasos'it 15 sos'iedo (tube) Sv "I would have brought from the neighbors"; ga/nabrisdt= važ ūjo i egūon'en- 'e Kv “maybe I'm not going to the hospital- ”; lisk isk, while the tail is inserted Sv (LKZ XVII 469). As the examples show, the enclitic ending is used not only with future tense verbs. The verb forms forūt, /dukit and the like indicate that present tense verbs, even participants, have enclitic endings. It is believed that enclitics mj, fr, having lost their original meaning, began to join other verb forms. From the available linguistic data, it can be concluded that this is a very old disappearing language phenomenon, but it is certainly important for linguists and so far still a living lip-sync of the old people. Based on the examples presented, the map shows the limits of the use of this phenomenon, which in the west runs through Ramučiai- -Inkakliai and the western edge of Skomantai, in the north — through Pėžaičiai- -Petraičiai-Judrėnai and the southern edge of Šiuraičiai, in the east — through Požerė the eastern and southern edge of Šilalė, in the south — through Žvingiai-- Bikavėnai-Gorainiai and again ends at Ramučiai. LITTERACY AND SOURCES BP II —Postilla tatai esti Short and Poor Ischguldimas Evangeliu... PerJana Bretkuna... Karaliaucziuie... 1591. Parts I and II. DK -Catechism or teaching for some Christians. Paraszitas per D. Iakvba Ledesma Theologa Societatis IESV. He was born in Lidzbark Warmiński, Lithuania, to a priest named Mikołaj Wielki, a canon of the Livonian Order. Pressed in Wilnie... 1595. Grinaveckis V. 1960: Phonetic characteristics of the North-West mud dialects and their development. — VVPI Research Papers, Lithuanian Language and Literature 11, 41—110. 1957: The North-West Mudmen- 's Dialect Vocalism. 1, pp. 161-174. Hermann S. 1926: Lithuanian studies, Berlin. J. Jabl-Jablonskis J. Selected Writings 1, Vilnius: State Political and Scientific Literature Publishers, 1957. 1939: The language of Pagramantis, Kaunas: Ministry of Education's book publishing commission. KGr —Grammar of the Lithuanian language by Friedrich Kursch a t Halle a. S.,1876. LKŽ I-II —Lietuvių kalbos žodynas 1, Vilnius, 1941; 2, Kaunas: Valstybinė enciklopedijų, žodynų ir mokslo literatūros leidykla, 1947. LKŽ XVII —Lietuvių kalbos žodynas 17, Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidykla, 1996. 204 LKŽ K —"Lietuvių kalbos žodyno" kartoteka. Salys A. 1992: Raštai 4, Roma: Lithuanian Catholic Academy of Sciences. SD-Sirvydas K. 1713: Dictionarivm trivm lingvarvm, In usum Studiosae Tuventutis, Avctore.- .. Constantino Szyrwid.- .. Owinta editio... Vilnae... M DCC XIII... (5th edition of the dictionary). Stang Ch. S. 1966: Comparative Grammar of the Baltic Languages, Oslo [ir kt.]. Zinkevičius Z. 1966: Lithuanian dialectology, Vilnius: Mintis. THE USAGE OF THE ENCLITIC VERB FORMS mij, ti IN SOME DIALECTS OF SOUTHERN SAMOGITIAN Summary The paper analyses a very old phenomenon of the Lithuanian language the enclitic verb forms mi, ti and their usage in old writings and the Southern Samogitian (diinininkai) dialect. Appended is a map indicating the spread of these forms. 205