Vilius Pėteraitis. „Mažosios Lietuvos ir Tvankstos vietovardžiai“

and seal. On the other hand, if Strait of Irbe ir Irbite bei Ruonu Island ir Seal identifies objects that are close to each other, it Irbite ir It is important to note that these are the same as the iš corresponding localities. From a semantic point of view, all the names of fishing places are divided into į 1) indicating landmarks (names that indicate landmarks: Steak, Church, Prot Vagariem and others) and 2) characterizing the fishing place (names that characterize the fishing place: Dzelme, Mikste, Ravas bedre, Aizkraūls and others). The chosen classification criteria are sufficiently motivated, although in some cases it is rather difficult to distinguish between them: for example, the place names Elksniši (p. 262), Puisinš (p. 264) are considered to indicate landmarks, while Akmenija (p. 280), Darzinš (p. 285) are considered to characterize the fishing place. However, it would seem that the function of the first two can also be to characterize a place (a place covered with alder trees; a place covered with pines). The last three subsections explain the origin of some fishing places names, indicating some semantic parallels in Latvian, Lithuanian, Polish and Finnish (e.g., Latin Akminaja, Akmenija: lit. Akmenė, Akmena: pol. Kamien, W Kamienia: est. Kivismaa “stoney land” —p. 307). The chronology of these placenames is also discussed — the first records in historical sources and their subsequent development. Very important are the detailed indexes of common and specific words at the end of the book, which facilitate the use of this valuable work. At the end of the presentation of B. Laumane’s book, she emphasizes a few other things that are particularly important for Lithuanian onomastics. As mentioned, the book also uses Lithuanian toponymy and anthroponymy data, which are analyzed by comparing them with facts of other Baltic and sometimes Finnish languages. On the other hand, the publication of this work gave the possibility to study Lithuanian place names in a broader context of comprehensively analyzed Latvian place names, personal names and related physiographic terms. Summarizing what has been said, it can be said that this book is a significant contribution to the study of the Baltic lexicon (especially toponyms- ). It is a valuable addition to the field of etymology of onyms and appellatives in the context of both Baltic and Baltic-Finnish relations. Laimutis Bilkis Vilius Pėteraitis. The small and small-scale mining industry. Vilnius: Mažosios Lietuvos fondas. Institute of Science and Encyclopedia Publishing, 1997, 607 p. More than a year ago, another very important book published on the initiative of the Lesser Lithuania Foundation appeared on the bookshelves — a study by the founder of the Lesser Lithuania Foundation, Germanist and dictionarist Vilius Pėteraitis, entitled “Place names of Lesser Lithuania and Tvanksta” (in the subheading: Their origin and meaning). This is the second book by this author dedicated 244 to a land of dramatic fate, another monument to the extinct Lithuanian language. So far, more detailed ir systematic studies of the toponyms of this region, it can be said, are not ir available. A. Works of F. Bezzenberger, M. Tezner, Tepen, later J. Endzelyno, J. Otrebskio ir others (mainly ne Lithuanian scientists) research was si supported by individual facts, isolated, certain phenomena of the structure ir of place names in the language of this region. In the detailed J. In the studio of Gerulis "The old Prussians Place names” (Berlin and Leipzig, 1922), which discusses XIII-XV a. historical sources, analysis of place names mainly related to the Prussian period su Part of East Prussia. V. Pėteraitis very consistently begins his studies of the Lithuanian toponyms of Lesser Lithuania. The first book ‘Mažoji Lithuania ir Tvanksta’ (Vilnius, having 1992), examined the oldest water names of this territory's nomenclature layer, denied — ir H. ir G. Mortensen ir and others developed the so-called "dyke theory", proved Baltic integrity of the territory ir of Little Lithuania. Į of the second study “Little Lithuania ir Tvankstos vigtovardžiai” includes ir another layer of toponyms —mainly Lithuanian, Curonian Prussian place names, forming through the dictionary of place names ir 4000 su tų the origin of names, the ar structure of the verbs. After a relatively short introduction in Lithuanian and German, a very solid list of literature and historical sources (115 positions) and aesthetically prepared accurate maps of 20 counties, there are three main chapters of the book:,,The Etymological Dictionary of Lesser Lithuania and Tvanksta”, “Appendixes” and,,The Analysis of Place Names of Lesser Lithuania”. The most valuable and important part of the book is a dictionary of local names of Lesser Lithuania and Tvanksta, compiled in alphabetical order from extremely carefully selected facts both from the living language? and from written sources (V. Kalvaitis, A. and F. Kuršaičiai, A. Salis, Ch. Stangas, J. Užpurvis and others), mentioned at the beginning of the book. Pronouns in the book are reconstructed into common language, and their genders are often presented and interspersed. The Germanized genders (older, traditional and imposed by the Nazis in 1938) and the current Russian equivalents of the names are also indicated in parentheses. In addition, the place name is accompanied by a number of additional information — neighbouring and historically documented genders. At the end of the paragraph, the author gives his own etymological notes and structural or verb characteristics of the place name. The place name is very often associated with other Lithuanian, Latvian or Prussian place names and common words, confirming the Baltic | The concept of the territory of Lesser Lithuania here includes the entire present Kaliningrad Krai, the Geldape district in Poland and the former Klaipėda Krai before its annexation to Lithuania. 2 This work was made easier for the author because he himself comes from the Klaipėda region (Būdelkiemio vls.) and has known many representatives of the living language from Lesser Lithuania. 245 the origin of the name. Analysis of the layout ir of the vocabulary material (by the way, very close J. Gerulio „Die altpreuBischen Ortsnamen“) could be one of the standards ir for a diachronic type dictionary. It has been noted that many of iš the genders of the placenames in the book iš In the case of the Klaipėda region, some of the words have changed in one way or another, and are — pronounced differently. jų ar This provides material to trace gender and paradigm shifts in certain jų periods. On the other hand, many of the place names in this region have remained unpronounced in the book, although their pronunciation is recorded in current official sources. In addition, some names of Klaipėda region settlements have not been included in the list of place names in V. Pėteraitis’ book at all (Kūlberkis, Prycmai, Gaigališkiai, Daūžgiriai, Liaunai (Liaunieji) etc. ). ir The etymology of the name is in many cases questionable. This was based on the academic Lithuanian language dictionary, Lithuanian nomenclature material. This cannot be said about some cases of interpretation of the construction of place names, where the morphological division of the word and the objects of construction are confused (e.g., in the interpretation of such type of place names: Girm-ainiai, Surt-einiai, Svir-intai, Rom-ové, etc., they are considered derivatives of suffixes). Usually, the author of the book only discusses or comments on the etymologies of other authors, stopping more broadly at the etymological remarks or opinions of other authors of the names of Klaipėda, Priekulė, Rambynas, Gasty. It seems that there are no data available from the dissertation of A. Salis, “Die Zemaitischen Mundarten”, sometimes based on the interpretations of the origin of place names by K. Būga and J. Endzelynas. Nevertheless, the data presented in the study are reliable and provide a lot of useful information for historians, geographers, ethnographers, linguists. The second section, “Appendixes”, is also informative and important in other respects. It consists of two subsections: 1. Alphabetical lists of place names in other languages: a) German (friend and new substitutes of 1938); b) Polish (converted variants of Baltic (Lithuanian, Prussian) place names in the Geldape area); c) Russian (the new Russian current names imposed by the Soviet occupation authorities in 1946-1947) and 2. The Locals. This subsection highlights the more productive ways of creating place names in Lesser Lithuania: (a) derivatives of suffixes; and (b) enriched place names. Other forms of formation — derivatives of endings, prepositions, primary, composite place names are not mentioned in this subsection; The latter forms of construction are introduced into the context of the next chapter,,Analysis of local names of Lesser Lithuania and Tvanksta“. The first part of this chapter, “Origin”, can be considered as theoretical reasoning or theoretical conclusions, because it provides a detailed discussion of place names from the point of view of origin and formation. The author distinguishes several groups of native place names: 1) water names; 2) from physiographic terms; 3) plant-based; (4) of animal origin; 5) cultured, cultivated environment; 6) professional; 7) religious (cult) origin; 8) personal names; 9) place names; 10) folk names; 11) of Curonian origin; 12) of Prussian origin; 13) of German origin; 14) other origins and 15) failed interpretations of origin. Although this division has no single basis 246 (say, place names of ar Prussian-Curnish origin can also be water names, personal names, professional names, etc. ir ir ir ar of origin), but gives a detailed summarized ir picture of the origin of the names of residential places in Lesser Lithuania. The ir second subsection of this chapter, “Changes in Place Names”, historically highlights the Germanization of the region, then the Russification, ultimately extirpating the Baltic languages from this territory. The study ends with a large page) iš summary in German language of the church villages, (9 whose names were here. Concluding the review of ir the book, it should be said that the researchers 210, of place names, authentic valuable material, will find here criticizable things doubtful etymologies be inaccuracies in the analysis ir of other names, but no one can deny that ir — ar V. Pėteraitis Studio “Little Lithuania ir Tvankstos vietovardžiai”, as the first ir book by this author ‘Mažoji Lithuania ir Tvanksta”, once again demonstrating the Baltic substrate of Lesser Lithuania, ir is an important contributiį on to the study of Baltic culture. Marija Razmukaitė IN MEMORIAM TERJE MATHIASSEN (1938-1999) Some tragic fate haunt the Scandinavian Baltists. Not so long ago, the terrible diseases of our age took Helga Rinholm from Norway and Jörundur Hilmarsson from Iceland too early to their graves. And here we are again: after long suffering, cancer finally broke the professor Terje Mathiassen of the University of Oslo on January 9, 1999. And all three of them were not only good friends, researchers of Baltic languages, students of the great Norwegian Baltist Christian S. Stange, but also the most sincere friends of our nation. Mathiassen was born on 12 April 1938 in Oslo. He graduated from high school in 1957. He studied Latin and mathematics. However, nowadays it is more difficult to combine these subjects, and Mathiassen decided to study Russian studies, German studies and Norwegian philology at the University of Oslo. Be Chr. Among his teachers there was the famous Norwegian Iranian Georg Morgenstierne. In 1962, Mathiassen completed his general studies with a master's degree. His further interest in Slavistics, and partly in Baltistics, could be said to have been determined by NATO. During his military service, Mathiassen had the opportunity to complete very good Russian language courses organized by NATO (he completed them with the future Norwegian Defence Minister- ). Among others, the above-mentioned H. Rinholm had completed such courses. In 1964, Mathiassen had to study for five months in Leningrad. The deceased recalled that the first visa to Leningrad was issued to him by Vytautas Burkauskas, a Lithuanian employee of the USSR embassy in Norway. In 1965, Mathiassen was already a candidate of philology. 1966—71 —he was a scholar at the University of Oslo 247