Ragainės apskrities XVIII a. pab. – XIX a. pr. vyrų pavardžių daryba

ACTA LINGUISTICA LITHUANICA LITHUANIAN LANGUAGE QUESTIONS XLI (1999) Aušra ŽEMIENĖ Vilnius Pedagogical University RAGAINĖS DISTRICT XVIII CENTURY PAB. —XIX A. PR. The research of surnames in Lithuanian historical anthroponymics is mainly based on the anthroponymic material of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The works of A. Salis (Salys 1983: 11-70), P. Skardžiaus (Skardžius 1956: 502-509), P. Jonikas (Jonikas 1973: 201-216), Z. Zinkevičius (Zinkevičius 1977: 19-77), V. Maciejauskienė (Maciejauskienė 1991; 1993) are worth mentioning. Although the treasure of anthroponyms of the LDK is not exhausted, the data of the survey of names of Lithuania Minor would supplement the findings of Lithuanian names studies and promote the development of historical anthroponyms. Unfortunately, there is not much information available so far. Anthroponyms of Lesser Lithuania can be found in the works of V. Kalvaitis (Kalwaitis 1910), J. Gerulis (Gerullis 1922), R. Trautmann (Trautmann 1925), V. Fenclau (Fenzlau 1936), in the study of the historian A. Matulevičius (Matulevičius 1995: 213-222). Tačiau iš specialesnių tyrimų galima būtų paminėti tik G. Kiškienės straipsnius, kuriuose buvo nagrinėjama Mažosios Lietuvos pavardžių daryba (Kiškienė 1983; 1985; 1989; Šio straipsnio tikslas yra praplėsti Mažosios Lietuvos antroponimijos tyrimus XVIII a. pab. 1990). —XIX a. pr. The analysis of male names in Ragainės district. This is the first publication that examines personal names from the sources of the history of Lesser Lithuania preserved in the Central Evangelical Archive (EZA) in Berlin." Source —Ragainės church 1769-1822 marriage registration book,, Verzeichnifs der getrauten Paare im Litauifchen Kirchfpiel/- Ragnit/de Annis 1769-1700, 1771, 1769-18222. The pages of the book were numbered, 131 in total. The book covers a period of approximately 53 years (marriage registration 1769-1822), from which about 4700 surname entries (1901 different surname lexems) have been selected, which together with the name entries make up a library of approximately 9400 personal names. Marriage records indicate the names and surnames of the spouses (sometimes also their witnesses or the bride’s father), the names of the places of residence (villages). Kai ku-! For more information on EZA, see 1990. Sources of the name book of Lesser Lithuania in German archives. —Lietuvių kalbotyros klausimai 38, 1997, 81-87. * Microfiche of the books provided by Prof. V. Drotvinas. The microfiche codes are EZA 0 3604/1+, EZA 0 3604/2+, EZA 0 3604/3-Ragnit/Ostpreufsen b)1769-1822 lit. 223 The records contain data on the ir kinship and social status of the spouses. Marriage formulas are of several types: (1) Nickel Errikatis von Lepaloten is with Agusfe Lutkuwacje des Jacob Lutkus in Pellenen ... 24 Octbr. : in there Rimfa be copulated. In the first example, the names of both spouses and the young father are the surnames and names ir of places of residence. (2) My friend. Damage e[in] Lof[man] der Widow with the Magd Anne Urb[5ate beyde von Price[fen 28 Febr. : In the second be example, already mentioned spouses jvardijimy, jų residence names (both from the same iš place), the groom's profession (pastor) is ir indicated. (3) Anj3as Pellinatis, der Dwaronatis Bludif5ken, Stepson, with the of him ... Magd Madl. Erkate von Dorlauken d[iem] 11 Nvbr. The third example shows the names of the spouses, ir their social jy status (lord, hired woman), the names of their places of residence and the groom’s marital status (step-son). (4) Jurgis Screen efin] Invalide von Red deken, with Erkme Mai[5imate ... von Counts d[iem] 1 Xbr. This entry contains the names of the spouses, ir the names jų of the places of residence and a reference to the groom’s social status (disabled). The source is written in German su with Latin insertions, the German o influence is felt in the writing of Lithuanian surnames. In phonetics, this is evident from certain consonant combinations not characteristic of Lithuanian, e.g., Schmidtke, levelling of vowel phonemes uo/o, é/e, e.g., Josuwatis — Juozuwaitis, Sedatis — Sėdaitis, etc. The entries are written by more than one person, so the surnames are written very differently, there are many graphic differences, unconditional positional variants, e.g. Tumofatis / Tumof3atis, Krizons | Kryzons, Ennulene | Enullatis, Jagomaftate | Jagomolftene / Jegomaltat, etc. The frequent variants of surnames show that the 18th century surnames, although they had become an essential part of naming a person, did not yet have a firm legal basis that would protect their accuracy and stability (also cf. Maciejauskienė 1991: 117). Almost all names of persons (about is 98%) binary, e.g. : Erdmons Kemlf/atis, Anfas Pellinatis, Jokubs Lutkus. The same second names of father and son indicate that the second name has already acquired the status of a surname, e.g. son Jons Lenkait, father Kriftup Lenkait. Thus, in the 18th century, in Lithuania Minor, as in Greater Lithuania, the binary designation of Lithuanians by name and surname was already definitively established (cf. Maciejauskienė 1991: 112). Most commonly, the formula for binary nominative is: name + surname. P. 121— 131 The order of naming changes because the order of registering persons in the book changes. On these pages, persons are registered in a column table, where the first column (‘Name und Stand’) contains the last name followed by the first name. In the other columns, people are listed in the usual order: first member — — first name, second member — last name. 224 Only one male name consists of the names du surname: ir Anus/is Anfas Gurblys. Here. Anusfis is a diminutive of a Christian name Anf sex. It can be assumed that the first minor name a person was called at home, the 0 second — official name. The concept of surname formation. In terms of the formation of surnames, it is necessary ji to emphasize ir that its iš nature is fundamentally different from the formation of general lexicon. First, all surnames originated from personal iš names: iš patronymics formed by su patronymical suffixes, or various other iš (real names, old diphthongs, personal names, new adjective pronouns, iš etc.) ir — (plg. Maciejauskienė 1991: 228). This does not allow the name to be considered Vedic. For example, a surname derived iš from a patronymic is not a ji derivative, but only has a ar different affix. But plg. common word karalaitis ir for surname Adomaitis. In the first case, the basis of the verb is king, the o verb affinity — suffix - Father. So the common word king is a prefix -a derivative. In the second case, it would be wrong to consider the surname Adomaitis as derived from the suffix -aitis, since with this suffix only the patronymic was formed, which later (about the 17th-18th centuries) became a surname. This is the case of the patronymic adjective. Secondly, after the surnames had already been formed (since the 18th century), a process of their stabilization took place: patronymic suffixes were dropped, glorified, etc. (Maciejauskienė 1991: 117). One of the consequences of this process is the adoption of non-Lithuanian suffixes in Lithuanian surnames. Therefore, there is no basis to talk about the formation of surnames (in terms of the formation of generic words). V. Maciejauskienė is inclined to use even another term for this matter — “the specificity of the study of the formation of surnames” (cf. “the specificity of the origin of different forms of surnames”) or similar (Maciejauskienė 1991: 205). The name of the group is a reference to the name of the group as a whole. The true affixes of surnames, taking into account the peculiarities of the formation, development and stabilization of surnames, are the patronymic suffixes -aitis, -onis, -ūnas, -ėnas (Maciejauskienė 1991: 216). M. Ramonienė still calls these suffixes “only suffixes characteristic of surnames” (Ramonienė 1992: 124). Slavic suffixes -ovič, -evič are also included in the patronymic pronouns. These names were originally used for the castles, but as they grew in size, they were replaced by other names. However, it should be emphasized that the suffixes -ovič, -evič in Lithuanian surnames may have arisen in another way: they may have been added artificially, glorifying the surnames, or the surnames with them are borrowed (Maciejauskienė 1991: 180-181; 1993: 40; 1996: 60). In the context of the formation of surnames, deminutive suffixes -elis, -ulis, -utis, -ukas, etc. are also mentioned. The evaluation of their meaning is also often problematic: these suffixes could have both patronymic meaning (suffixes of the surnames of father and son, as persons of different ages and different generations) and minor meaning (suffixes of this meaning are used to distinguish the surnames of persons not related by kinship, signaling various extralinguistic differences). 225 — (plg. Maciejauskienė 1987: 87; 1991: 89). Apparently, the mentioned suffixes of some of the names of the investigated source have a diminutive meaning (plg. Davis ir Deiwikatis, Bastikas ir Bastikatis), but usually the jų meaning is difficult to determine (may have minor, ir patronymic ir meanings). Taking into account that the specificity of the formation of ne surnames su is related not only to the peculiarities of the origin and development of the surnames, but also to the process of stabilization of the surnames, important are also the surnames with -sk-type suffixes, which arose from the glorification of Lithuanian surnames of various ir origins. As already mentioned, some surnames appeared in this unnatural way su -ovic, -evich. All other surnames in the context of the formation of surnames can be considered as "primary- ". Their structure was determined by the process of making the words from which they were formed. It is necessary to emphasize that the problem of evaluation of surname formation discussed briefly in this article reflects only the view of some Lithuanian researchers of personal names (A. Butkus, V. Maciejauskienė, M. Ramonienė). Representatives of the second approach tend not to limit themselves to the constructive analysis of the actual word stage, breaking down the construct to a morphologically indestructible structure (cf. Zinkevičius 1977: 235). Men's Names. "876 men's names are recorded in the investigated source". As many as 516 of them (58,996) are formed with the Lithuanian patronymic suffix -aitis and its variants -ait, -atis, -at. The names are listed below according to frequency of the suffix variants. -atis (322 surnames): Abromatis 2*, Adomatis 30, Akrutatis 3, Allifatis 3, Allyfatis, Andugatis 3, Anusfatis, Armonatis, Auftilatis 2, Awizatis, A[smonatis 2, Bajoratis 8, Bakatis 5, Bakkatis, Balczunatis, Baltrunatis, Baltru[5atis 3, Banatis 31, Bannatis 3, Barcsatis 7, Barstatis, Bastikatis, Beginatis 5, Bekeratis, Benelatis 3, Benulatis, Betkatis, Bla[5katis, Bonelatis, Bojatis 4, Bofatis 3, Brajatis 5, Brafatis 2, Brojatis 3, Endrejatis 2, Endrulatis, Dit[smonatis 4, Enfelatis 4, Enfelatis, Errikatis 14, Esfelunatis, Gaigalatis 3, Gallinatis 2, Garnatis 10, Gavenatis, Gawenatis 2, Gem/atis, Gidulatis, Girrulatis 4, Girrullatis, Graf5tatis, Greinatis 2, Grigalatis 7, Grigatis 3, Griggalatis, Griggatis, Guddatis 6, Guderatis, Guduratis, Jak|5tatis, Jek[5tatis 2, Jokubatis 11, Joku[5atis, Jonatis 16, Jonikatis, Jonkatis, Jonukatis 3 Only the lexems of different surnames are counted, because repeating surnames, especially those belonging to the same person, would prevent a more accurate picture of the activity. According to V. Maciejauskienė, it is important for various reasons —it shows the characteristics of the formation of names in a particular place, it can be compared with the general context of the formation of names (Maciejauskienė, 2008). 1993: 40). * The number after the surname indicates how many such names are recorded in the source. 226 2, Jonuf3atis, Jozatis, Joguatis, Jojuldatis, Jozupatis 4, Joshuaites 2, Jurgelatis, Jurguttatis, Jurg[5atis 3, Jurkatis 3, Jurratis, Kairatis, Kanapinatis 2, Kasperatis 2, Kaupatis, Kayratis 2, Kellotatis 17, Keml/fatis, Kerbf5tatis, Ketatis 2, Keydatis 2, Kisfelatis 12, Kif5katis, Kleinatis 2, Klibingatis, Kolatis, Krapatis, Krauleidatis, Krizatis 2, Chromatis 7, Kropatis 6, Kroppatis, Kullatis 2, Kummutatis, Kuppratis, Kurpatis, Kurref5atis, Kwedderatis, Laiwatis, Lakf5atis 4, Larinatis, Lebbudatis, Ledatis, Leitwaratis, Lek[5atis, Lengwenatis, Lengwinatis 2, Lenkatis 4, Steering wheel, Le[3katis, Lop/5atis, Loratis 2, Lorencsatis 15, Lojeratis, Lukof3atis, Lutkatis 2, Macatis 5, Mac3alatis, Macsatis, Macjulatis, Macsullatis 2, Maldisfatis, Maldukatis, Mandwidatis, Marratis, Masatis, Mattukatis, Mauriczatis 3, Mecsullatis, Merczatis 2, Mergimatis, Mertinatis 4, Mertinkatis, Me[3katis 23, Mikatis 2, Mikelatis, Mikkatis, Mikkelatis 3, Mikkutatis 4, Mikkuttatis, Mikolatis 3, Milkeratis 3, Motejatis 2, Motekatis 4, Mojsatis 2, Naujokatis 3, Nikelatis 3, Nikkelatis 2, Nurmonatis, Nuboratis 2, Obriejatis 3, Obromatis, Palentinatis, Pec3atis, Pellinatis, Penuldatis, Peteratis 7, Petratis 2, Pintatis 2, Pif5kolatis 3, Pladdatis, Plauf5inatis 2, Plauf5innatis, Plutatis 2, Pluttatis 5, Podjuwatis 3, Ponatis, Ponelatis, Ponulatis, Pracatis 2, Pranatis 2, Prankatis 3, Pranskatis, Prajatis 3, Preiek[3atis, Preik(3atis 7, Prufatis 3, Pukmonatis, Puknatis 6, Purmonatis, Purratis 3, Puslatis 6, Puflatis, Pylipatis, Pyplatis, Ramonatis, Rafakatis 2, Rederatis, Reinakatis, Restatis, Rikteratis 3, Ro3atis 2, Ruddatis 3, Ruddikatis, Rumelatis 5, Rummelatis, Riuwartatis, Sarrapinatis, Simonatis 9, Skerratis, Skirbstatis, Skirputtatis, Sobatis, Spikeratis 4, Sprogatis, Stafjulatis, Staf5ullatis, Stenkatis 4, Stepputatis, Stugatis 2, Subergatis, Sudergatis 5, Suldatis, Suttatis, Swillimatis 2, S3akatis 2, S3altif3atis, S3amatis 3, Ssammatis, Szattatis 6, Sautatis 3, S3edatis 2, S3elmatis, S5elnatis, Szelwatis 5, S3eppaldatis, Szernatis, Sillatis, Sjillupatis, Ssimatis 12, Szimkatis 2, Ssimmatis 2, Ssinikatis, Slaunatis 2, S3neideratis 10, S3rainatis, Sjtenkatis, Sstesfulatis, S3te[5ullatis, Sstuldorpatis, Ssulmiftratis 5, Tautoratis 12, Tenikatis 11, Tennikatis, Tewelatis 8, Ticskatis 7, Tolksdorpatis, Tonatis, Tonnatis, Treinatis 2, Tumo/3atis 2, Tumolfatis, Tunatis 6, Tunnatis, Turkatis 6, Turkkatis, Urbantatis 6, Urb[3atis 11, Urb[3at3atis, Uredatis 5, Ufskurratis, Waitekatis, Waittatis, Wallatis 3, Wanu/5katis, Wartatis, Waslilatis, Wederatis 3, Wellikatis 3, Wenu/5katis, Widdlatis, Wikswatis 2, Ynjjatis, 3amaitatis 5, Semaitatis 2, 3entelatis 9, 3illatis, Sweratis, 3wirblatis, Sydatis 2, Endrejat 9, Endrikat, Enskat, Fifchat, Gailat, Garnat, Gedrat 2, Girrulat 4, Grafstat 2, Grejlat, Grigallat 2, Guddat 6, Jegomalftat, Jeftikat, Jokubat 2, Jonat 3, Jonekat, Josupat, Josupat, Jurgat 2, Kalwat, Kaupat 2, Kellautat, Kellotat 4, Killat, Kisfelat 4, Kif5kat, Knattat, Koknat, Kolat, Kromat 3, Kropat 2, Kryjat, Kubutat, Kullat, Kur(3elat, Lak/3at, Lekf3at, Lengwenat, Lenkat 3, Lef3at, Lop/3at, Lorat 2, Lorenc3at 3, Macat 4, Makkat, Mallulat, Mattikat, Mattizat, Mattifat, Mauric3at, Mergimat, Mertinat, Me[5kat 4, Micskat, Mikkat 2, Mikkelat 2, Mikkutat, Milkerat, Motejat 3, Mosurat, Nobarrat 227 2, Norbutat, Nūborat, Palentinat, Paulat 2, Peterat, Plaufsinat, Powilat, Praca, Preik[fzat 8, Puknat, Purrat 2, Ramonat 2, Rajat, Rederat, Rojat, Rumelat, Sedat 7, Simonat 6, Somelat, Sta[zulat 8, Stecjunat, Stenkat 4, Sudergat 2, Swillumat, Sselwat 4, Sjernat, S3imat, Szimkat, S3launat, S3neiderat 8, Sjokat, Szulmiftrat, Ssulzat, Tenikat 3, Tewelat 2, Tickling 2, Fingering, Oil, Dancing, Zoom, Close up 2, Tummofat, Turkat 2, Urbfzat 3, Wadif3at, Welleikat, Wellikat, Widrat, 3amaitat 7, Semaitat, Sentelat 2, 3igat, fragrance, Sydat; -at last (26 name): Bamelait, Bastekait, Bemelait, Bennelait, Brozait 3, Enfelait 3, Errekait 2, Gidulait, Gudduf3ait, Jokubait 2, Josupait, Jurgait 4, Kalwait 3, Lenkait 3, Lolait 5, Milkerait, Nikkelait, Peterait, Rumelait, Rummelait, Simonait, Somelait, Sta[5ulait, Tenikait 4, Tewelait, Uskurrait 2; -aitis (24 surnames): Adomaitis, Bemelaitis, Bendikaitis, Bra3aitis, Bro3ailis 3, Gudaitis 2, Jojuaitis, Jurgaitis 6, Jut3aitis, Kalwaitis 9, Kellotaitis, Lolaitis 9, Lorenciaitis, Milkeraitis, Motejaitis, Nikkelaitis, Racsuwaitis 2, Sudergaitis, S3neideraitis, Tenekaitis, Urbzaitis, Uredaitis, Uskurraitis, 3arraitis. 15 names with the suffix -aitis (and its mentioned variants) have the formtg -uv-: Docjuwatis, Docsuwait, Endruwatis, Endruwaitis, Endruwait 2, Jozuwatis, Lenuwatis 2, Radsuwatis 2, Radsuwat, Raudjuwatis, Smilguwatis, Stippruwait. The name of the group is derived from the name of the group's founding member, the 278-year-old Mr. Smith. In female surnames -uis quite common. It is treated as a reflex derived from the u-stems of two-syllable male surnames. V. Kalvaitis also provides such names in his “Lietuviškų vardų klėtelėje” (Bludžuwaitis, Jozuwaitis —Kalwaitis 1910: 8, 11), although researchers of personal names in Greater Lithuania (Z. Zinkevičius, V. Maciejauskienė), as well as researchers of personal names in Lesser Lithuania (G. Kiškienė) do not mention the -uvvyrų form in names. According to the authors of the “Lithuanian Names Dictionary”, “such Vedic names are known only from Western Lithuania” (LPŽ I 278). Compared to the suffix -aitis and its variants, all other suffixes in the source are single. These are deminutive suffixes -utis (-ut), -ik(a)s, -ulis, -elis, -uk(a)s (17 names): Baltuttis 2, Jo3unut, Joguttis 2, Jozut, Pennuttis, Penuttis 4, Ragutis, Rumelutis, Baftikas, Deiwiks 2, Maciks, Pauliks 8, Germulis, GermuIlis, Grigullis 2; Dargelis 2, Pladuks 4; -sktipo (16 names): Albowskis, Birjinskis, Cjecjewskis, Jankowskis 3, Jenkowskis, Karpowskis, Mikalowskis, Rabo[5auskas, Rakalowskis, Rimo[3auskas, Sabrowskis, Sakauskas, Sakauskis, Ssedauskas 2, S[5edauskis, 3alinskas; patronimineés —Lithuanian -on(i)s, -ūn(a)s (15 surnames): Balcsuns 2, Datkuns 7, Daucjuns 2, Docjuns, Sarguns, Seruns, Witkuns, Wildkiuns, Witkiuns, Wittkiuns, Gojonis, Gojons, Gujons, Krizons 4, Kryjons 7, Slavic -ovič: Antonawicjas. The other 311 (35,596) male names in Ragainė district are conditionally called "primary". Thailand: Adoms 2, Aguttifskis, Akstins 2, Akftins, Aukfšle, Auftins 6, Awizus, Awizjus 2, A[3mys, Backus, Bajors, Baks 11, Balcjus, Barczys, Barrucskis 2, Bartmans, yy myns, Barucskis 228 2, Barutskis, Barfstys 7, Beetkis, Bendiks 4, Benkmons 2, Berens, Ber[5kis 2, Betkis 4, Bludsus 20, Brajas 5, Brafas, Bredys 5, Buddrus 3, Bud3us, Burba 4, Burblys 4, Czeidys 17, C3erkus, Cjinczils, Damalaks, Dangels, Danys, Daug[5ys, Daunus, Derwa, Didkriftys, Dilba, Dit[smons 2, Difelys, Dolaks, Dolys, Dominiks, Domininks, Doutelis, Drukneris, Duda 3, Dwilys, Dwylys 9, Dycsmons 2, Dytfsmons, Dyfelys, Egerts 12, Eibikis, Elknys, Elksnys 6, Elkfnys, Erkis 2, Fricjus, Gaigals 3, Gallinis 2, Gawena 7, Gendrolus, Gerkis 6, Gerkows, Girnus 5, Giwullys, Glosa, Golwin, Greze, Greslys, Grief5lys, Grieslys 4, Gronebergs, Grosmans, Gru3as 5, Gruzdas, Gruze, Gudjonis 6, Gurblys, Gurczus, Guza, Gywys, Jankis, Jaudif5kys, Jegals, Jenkis, Juddus, Jukkalis, Juf5ka 9, Left 15, Kakf3ys 20, Kalkaws 2, Kalkius 9, Kaupa, Kaups, Kebbelys, Kerpe, Kisnerus, Klaudsus, Klos[as, Kokna 8, Kosgalwis 3, Kosgalwys 8, Krauf3us 5, Krepftikis 2, Krybarts, Kubbas, Kubrys 3, Kucjus, Kudjus 22, Kuja, Kundrots 3, Fuck, all right. 24, Kuzabas, Kuzabs, Kufabs, Kylys 2, Laukans, Lau3zas, Laukans, Lau3zas, Laukans, Lau3zas 14, Lekfzewis, Leperts, Lindjus, Loserys 11, Lofere 7, Loferys 2, Ludkus, Luka 4, Lukof3us 2, Lutkus 10, Lymants 2, Maaf3weds, Maddys 2, Maif5ims 2, Mans, Mantkus, Maskolus, Maurits, Megalys, Mercius 2, Meyeris, Mikklaufas 3, Miklaufas 4, Mojurs, Mofurs 6, Miilleris, Naujoks 4, Negrazus, Neweikis, Nikklaus, Nikklaus[- as, Nikklaufas, Niklausfas 5, Niklaufas 4, Nurmons, Nurna 2, Nualis, Oginskis, Okfas 13, Osvalds, Oswalds, Oftwalds, Oftwaldts 2, Oftwalts, Pacjus, Padjus 4, Pakirnys, Palapys 2, Palencjus, Paltins 3, Patdjus, Paulifskis 10, Paf5kus 2, Pekis 4, Pelcjus, Peldsus, Pellinis, Pempe 33, Petkus 4, Pladdys 6, Plauf3inis 3, Pliwif3kis 9, Pocjka 4, Poc3kus 2, Pocus 4, Podsus 23, Puknus 2, Purkus 2, Puslys, Puf3nus 7, Pyrags, Pickus, Pidjsus 9, Piif5ka 2, Racsys, Ratkis, Raudys 2, Raudsus 2, Rafoks, Relings, Rep/[3ys, Restys 2, Resftys, Reftys 3, Rimkus 24, Ringys 13, Roc3e, Roc3ys 33, Rotkis 3, Rojas, Rudakys, Ruddys 9, Ruikys, Rung 3, Runys, Sauskojis, Schieman, Seefalds, Sibbitys, Siemants, Siemons, Skalik, Skaliks 19, Skalliks 16, Skambraks 5, Skarus 4, Skepenas, Skulcsus 15, Skuldsus, Smilgius 2, Sonelis, Sonellis, Spoks, Stakelys, Statkus 2, Steins, Strasdas 4, Strasfus, Sukmons 7, Sutmons 3, Swillims, Sybarta, S3alnas, S3ateika, Szaudinis, Szeidys, S3ilgallys 3, Szilgalys 2, S3illgallys 2, S3imkus 3, S3leiwys, Szleudys, Szlok[3nys, S3lonys, Szlyze 2, Ssmukfsts, S3orifs, S3orys 6, Srederis, S3ukys, Ssuk(3dys 6, Ssulaks 13, Szulikis, Ssweds 3, Szwirk/5lys 3, Ssonwalts, Tenikis, Tenys, Tietkis, Trikojis 6, Tydtkis 4, Tswirk(5lys, Uppermons, Urbants, Urmons, Uf3ballis, Usballis, Waddifus 2, Wadif5us, Wait[3ys, Walantejus 10, Walentejus, Warsas 14, Was/illus, Wa[3kius, Wa[3kys 3, Weimeris, Werk[nys 2, Widra, Willau/3as, Windsus 12, Wirsbiskis, Wolgemuts, 3abrys, 3alinskys, 3elys, 3ibriks, Suks 2, Sygauts 2, Ukfas. From this group are distinguished the surnames with suffix -iSkis (Aguttifskis, Jaudif3kys, Paulifskis, Pliwifzkis, Wir3bigkis). The meaning of this suffix is quite difficult to determine. In those cases where the -iškis suffix is derived from another anthroponym, it may also be patronymic (Maciejauskienė 1991: 241). 229 End of the 18th century – beginning of the 19th century An overview of the names of persons recorded in the Ragainė district source shows that in this period in Lithuania Minor the dual name of Lithuanians by name and surname was already established. Tipiška įvardijimo formulė: vardas pavardė. The dominant type of male surname structure —surnames with the patronymic suffix -aitis, + and its variants -atis, -at, -ait. The abundance of surnames with this suffix in Lesser Lithuania coincides with the frequency of surnames with this suffix in the southwestern part of Greater Lithuania. An essential feature of this type of surnames in Lithuania Minor is their uniqueness, compared to the competing derivatives of suffixes -onis, -ūnas, -ėnas in the eastern part of Greater Lithuania. Deminutive suffixes of Lesser Lithuania surnames (-utis, -ikas, -ulis, -elis, -ukas) are more diverse than the common but not different analogous suffixes of surnames found in Greater Lithuania (-elis, -ėlis), cf. Maciejauskienė 1993: 96-97. The phonetic phenomena of monophthongation (-aitis/-atis, -ait/-at), ending dropping (-aitis/-ait, -atis/-at) and ending shortening are very characteristic for names in Ragainė district. The 18th-century end — 19th-century beginning are discussed. The names of the district of Ragainė illustrate only a small amount of anthroponyms of Lesser Lithuania. Further studies of these sources (EZA church books) will certainly reveal more laws of Lithuanian names and will encourage the development of Lithuanian historical anthroponymics. Received 15 April 1999 LITTERATUR Drotvinas V. 1997: Sources of the Lesser Lithuania Name Book in German Archives. —Lietuvių kalbotyros klausimai 38, 81-87. Fenclau V. 1936: Fenzlau W. The German Forms of the Lithuanian Place and Person Names of the Memel Area, Hale /Saale: Max Niemeyer Verlag. Gerullis G. 1922: Die altpreußischen Ortsnamen, Berlin and Leipzig: Walter de Gruyter u. Co. Gottschald M. 1982: Deutsche Namenkunde, Berlin-New York: Walter de Gruyter u. Jonikas P 1973: Lithuanian student names in European universities in the 15th-18th centuries. —Lituanistikas darbai 3, 201—216. Kalwaitis W. 1910: Lietuwiskų wardų klėtele su 15000 wardų, Tilžėje: Spausdinta Otto v. Mauderodės. 1983: The 1983 FIA Formula One World Championship. - former surname East Prussia. —Baltistica 19(2), Kiškienė G. 1985: On the names of Lithuanian women in Prussia in the 18th century. —Baltistica 21(1), 37— 179-183. 41. Kiškienė G. 1989: About Lithuanian surnames of the 18th century in Prussia. "Baltistica." Annex 3(2), 312-314. 230 Kiškienė G. 1990: On the formation of Lithuanian surnames in East Prussia in the 18th century. 77-82. —Baltistica 26(1), LPZ I —Lietuvių pavardžių žodynas 1, Vilnius: Mokslas, 1985. Maciejauskienė V. 1991: The formation of Lithuanian surnames, Vilnius: Mokslas. Maciejauskienė V. 1993: XVII-XVIII a. asmenvardai Kriaunų parapijos. —Lietuvių kalbotyros klausimai 32, 34-99. Maciejauskienė V. 1993: The naming of Lithuanians in the first half of the 19th century. —Lietuvių kalbotyros klausimai 32, 100-113. Maciejauskienė V. 1996: On the evaluation of Lithuanian surnames with suffixes -avičius, -evičius. —Lietuvių kalbotyros klausimai 36, 60-70. Matulevičius A. 1995: Lithuanians of Tilžės apskritis and their surnames 3 centuries ago. —Lietuvininkų kraštas, Kaunas: Spindulys. 1992. "Personal Names - Part of Our Language". —Lithuanian language in school 4, Kaunas: Šviesa. Salys A. 1983: Raštai 2, Roma: Lithuanian Catholic Academy of Sciences. Skardžius P. 1956: The Conjunctives in Lithuanian Bi-Root Personal Names. — Festschrift fiir Max Vasmer, Berlin: Verlag Otto Harrassowitz Wiesbaden, 502-5009. Trautmann R. 1925: The Old Prussian Personnames, Gottingen: Vandenhoeck u. Ruprecht. Zinkevičius Z. 1977: Lithuanian Anthroponymics: Vilnius Lithuanian Personal Names in the Early 17th Century, Vilnius: Mokslas. THE FORMATION OF THE FAMILY NAME OF MEN IN THE 18TH CENTURY —19. JH. Summary From an analysis of the anthroponyms in the church register of Ragnit, written in the years 1762-1822, it emerges that dal in the 18th century the name of the village was Ragnit. Jh. the two-part personal designation had already become the norm. Male surnames are most often formed with the Lithuanian suffix -aitis (516 of 876). Other suffixes are as follows: -utis, -ikas, -ulis, -elis, -ukas (17), -sk-Type (16), -onis, -ūnas (15), -ovi¢ (1). Thus, the suffix -aite prevails in Lesser Lithuania. The deminutive suffixes are more differentiated in Lesser Lithuania than the frequent but not so differentiated deminutive suffixes in Greater Lithuania (-elis, -élis). The following phonetic phenomena are typical for the family names: monophthongation (-aitis/-atis, -ait/-at), omission (-aitis/-ait, -atis/-at) and abbreviation of the endings. The discussed family names show us only a small part of the anthroponymics of Lesser Lithuania. Further research of the anthroponymic sources of EZA (Evangelical Central Archive in Berlin) can bring more phenomena into light, which are very important for the whole Lithuanian historical research of personal names. 231