Moterų įvardijimas XIX a. istorijos šaltiniuose

ACTA LINGUISTICA LITHUANICA LITHUANIAN KALBOTYROS QUESTIONS XLI (1999) Vitalija MACIEJAUSKIENĖ Lithuanian Language Institute, Vilnius In the study of the formation of Lithuanian surnames, the development of the binary naming of men and women was also discussed (Maciejauskienė 1991: 20-49, 249-300). The historical anthroponymy illustrating the names of women was collected from 16th-18th century sources. Her data allowed to conclude that the 18th century binary designation of women was not yet definitively established. This was evidenced by women’s entries in administrative legal documents and church sources of this period (Maciejauskienė 1991: 295). When I began to read the 19th century sources, I immediately noticed that in this century there were still noticeable differences between the names of men and women. That is why it seemed appropriate to speak separately about men’s and women’s writings. The names of men in the sources of the 19th century (more precisely, the first half) have already been discussed (Maciejauskienė 1993). The aim of this article is to describe the naming of women in the 19th century sources, drawing attention to the laws and specifics, determined by one or another cause. This study can be described as a fragment of a description of women's naming in the 19th century, resulting from a review of a relatively small number of historical sources of this period.' The conclusions of the article are based solely on the analysis of historical anthroponyms collected from them. Thus, new data collected by the author of this study or other researchers will undoubtedly be able to supplement or correct them. The anthroponymy of the sources reviewed shows that the writing of women by name and surname is not yet the norm’. It is one of the most commonly used sources. The variety of the latter is now relatively often determined by the specificity of the sources in which women are mentioned, perhaps even by the person who wrote them. Therefore, when speaking about the naming of women in the 19th century, it seemed appropriate to discuss it separately in sources of different nature and purpose. Conditionally, they could be divided as follows: 1) administrative legal documents (mostly inventories of manors, palivarks and other estates, tax books, marriage permits, etc.); 2) church sources (baptism, marriage, death registration books of one or another parish, lists of parishioners). The sources from which the data discussed in the article were collected are written in Latin, Polish and Russian. They are also dated differently: mostly written in the 19th century! An alphabetical list of references is provided at the end of the article. * See the situation of the naming of men in this period—see 1 Cor. Maciejauskienė 1993: 101. 108 first half, part about the — middle of the century, another in the — second half of the century. 1. Women are not often mentioned in administrative legal documents. In all the sources of this type reviewed, in addition to several thousand names of men, there were only about 500 (the data of ir documents with all personal iš names are counted elsewhere). There is a jų distinct distinction between names and surnames. ir Female names are usually written before surnames. They are be without exception Christian. The women 500 mentioned in administrative legal documents are recorded under different names. It is 47 common to use the long genders of Christian names, e.g. : Agnieszka, Agata, Anastazya, Benedykta, Domicela, Faustyna, Felicyana, Jozefa, Lawryna, Marcianna, Franciszka, Rozalia, Ulijana and so on. Others are very rare. These are Krysia (abbreviation of the Christian name Kristina), Kostusia (abbreviation of the feminine suffix Kosttė, the latter being an abbreviation of the name Konstancija), /Temponsa (abbreviation of Petronėlė), Poluta (abbreviation of the feminine suffix Palė or Polė, these being abbreviations of Apollonia), Zosia (abbreviation of the name Zofija). | Not all female names are equally popular. The most common names were: Marijona (raSoma Maryanna, Maryana, Marianna, Maryianna, Mapeana) —61 women have this name, Katarina (Katarzyna, Katerzyna) —45, Ona (Ana) —41, Ieva (Ewa), Magdalena (Magdalena, Magdelena) —34 each, Kristina (Krystyna) —28, Rozalija (Rozalia, Rozalija, Pozanisn) —27, Agota (Agata, Aeama) —26, Barbora (Barbara) —24, Petronella (Petronella, Petronela, Petrunela, Ilemponena, [lempynena]) —18, Elzbieta, Elżbieta (Elzbieta, Elżbieta, Eaucasema) —16, Agnieszka (Agnieszka, Slenewka) —12. The following female names appeared only once: Anastazya, Brigita, Domicela, Eleonora, Emunisn, Faustina, Feliciyana, Jadwiga, Klara, Eawryna, Monuxa, Nastazya, Regina, Scholastika, Teodora, Ulijana, Veronika — a total of 17 names. And another 10 names are written only 2-3 times: Apolonija, Benedikta (Benedykta, Beneduxma), Judita (Judyta), Juozapa (Jozefa, Jozefa, Iocuga), Justina (Justyna), Luudvika (Ludowika, Ludwika), Marcelė (Marcella- ), Marija (Marya, Marija), Teresė (Teresa, Terressa), Zuzana (3y3ana). Considering the uneven popularity of the names used (as can be seen, 27 names out of 47 were very rare), it is not difficult to imagine how monotonous the name book of Lithuanian women in the 19th century was. Studies of the prevalence of Christian names in 16th-century administrative legal documents (inventories, court records) also show that a relatively small number of different female names were used: noblemen — 24, peasants — 31 (Salys 1983: 41). 109 Women's names vary. Jų creation usually indicates ar a woman is married (or widow), ar no. In the first case, the woman's surname is iš composed of the man's surname. The most commonly used Slavic suffix for this purpose -ova, e.g. : widow z Barbara Antananarivo (innag. *; 23, 19)*, Rozalia Balciunowa (11, 10—11), Agate Batrulisowa (6, 53-54),z Agnieszkq Baniową (innag. ; 23, 1), Krystyna Battruszkowa (6, 127-128), z widow Katarzyna Daniewiczową (innag. ; 24, 17), Krystyna Degisova (6, 62-63), Katerzyna Gayluszowa (6, 117-118), Maryanna Gotatylcowa (6, 157-158), Mapsana Teundoea (20, 2), Maryanna Jurgielewiczowa (6, 94— 95), Maryanna Kryksztulowa (6, 127-128), Rozalia Kulwartowa (11, 9-10), z Magdaleno Masayciowq (inag.; 27, 18), Eea Muxwmosa (20, 5), Ludwika Narelowa (6, 131-132), Katerzyna Narkiewiczowa (6, 90-91), Monuxa Hopeunoea (20, 2), Krystyna Pirsztelowa (6, 117-118), Franciszka Skirelowa (6, 98-99), Maryanna Surwittowa (11, 11), Maryanna Szymkuciowa (1, 3), Rozalija Walentowiczowa (3), Anna Woyciechowa (6, 104-105), with widow Katarzynq Ztayciowq (inag.; 23, 16). In the documents reviewed, 133 women were named by name and surname with the suffix -ova. An interesting detail draws attention. When making a woman's surname with a Slavic suffix -ova, the latter is sometimes added to the man's surname without removing the Lithuanian ending. Among the examples already presented are the female surnames Antanajtisową (innag.), Battrulisowa, Degisowa (see male pvd. *Antanaitis, *Baltrulis, * Degis or *Degys). There were more such female names: Eea Zborsayzucosa (20, 1), Zosia Gudasowa (6, 37-38), Maryanna Eowkisowa (6, 95-96), Krystyna Petranisowa (6, 31-32), Esa Pemenmucosa (20, 5), Maryanna Semenasowa (6, 53-54), Maryanna Stepanianisowa (6, 131-132), Agata Stepanisowa (6, 46-47), Marysia Woyciekanisowa (6, 44-45). 6 (this is a relatively large, about 160 pages, inventory of Adutiškio manor house in 1828) are repeatedly recorded some male surnames, from which the above-mentioned female surnames are composed. These are Gudas (59-60)°, Lowkis (61-62), Petranis (58-59), Semenas (51-52), Stepanian (131-132), Woyciekan (46-47). They can be reconstructed as *Gudas, *Laukis or *Laukys, *Petronis, *Seménas, *Stepanionis, *Vaicekonis. Others, reconstructable as *DZiaugis (or *DzZiaugys), *Rementis, *Steponis, are not mentioned in the sources. For them see current surnames DZiaugys (LPŽI 559), Remericius, Steponis (Ibid., pp. 596, 820). 3 The following abbreviations of humorous names are used in the article: kilm. —nobleman, noblewoman — utility, maybe. —rear end, innag. —the steward. * All examples in the article are metrical, with the source number in the alphabetical list in parentheses and the page number after the comma. In cases where the pages of the source are not numbered (which was relatively common in the 19th century), the parentheses indicate only the sequence number of the document in the compiled list. 3 When all the given names are from the same document, only the page number is given in parentheses after them. 110 In cases where the female surname is made up iš of a masculine, it would seem that, (o excluding the last, such cases are the majority), e.g. : Rozalia Kirplukova (6, 30-31), Zofia Kazenova (11, 12), Marysia Powitaniowa (6, 53-54) ir other already presented, it can by no means ne always be just so. As evidenced by the names of men in the documents reviewed, the surnames jų (sometimes even the same) are written ir su with ends, ir be of them, for example, in the 6 already mentioned source: Awin bet (53-54), Avinas (54-55, 134-135 ir kt.), Narel (31—32) — Norel (132-133, 146-147). Or: Buczel (63-64), Bottrul (64-65), Kryksztul (88-89), Romel (66-67), Szalč (40-41, 98-99, 100-101 ir kt.), Trokiel (101-102), Tumel (51-52), bet Degis (94-95), Baltrys (103-104), Jasius (62-63), Rayszys (61-62), Szwedas (59-60). There are many variations in the writing of the reconstructed surname *Stepanionis. Among the inhabitants of Lazdynéliy village (in the inventory £ozdziee Mate) are: Maciey Syn Macieia Stepanianis (150 151), Symon Jerzego Syn Stepanianis, Jan Eliasza Syn Stepanianis (151-152), Symon Luksza Syn Stepanianis (152-153) and Krzysztoff Symona Syn Stepanian, Maciey Jozefa Syn Stepanian (151-152). Why is the same name written differently in the same document for the same villagers? The idea of the legal status of the surname is permeated, bearing in mind that the genders of the surname with and without the ending are already considered as different surnames. It is quite possible that this variation reflects, among other things, the social or even ethnic dependence of the population. Further research will help confirm or refute this. All we can say is that glorification alone cannot explain this phenomenon. There are only two cases in all the sources where a married woman's surname is composed with a Lithuanian suffix. This is Maedanena Bymxroeensa (20, 3), which after reconstruction *Butkuvienė can be considered as a testimony of the Lithuanian suffix -uvienė (the name is recorded in the 1861 census of Veliuona town). The second surname —Beneduxma IDcayeene (20, 3) —is composed with the suffix -ienė. It is interesting to note that in this source the surnames of women married to the same male name *Džiaugis (or *Džiaugys) are composed differently. The Lithuanian suffix -ienė, as required by the present form of married women's surnames, was added to the male root of the surname, and the suffix -ova — to the whole surname, without removing the ending — cf. already mentioned Eea Jxucayeucosa (20, 1). Unmarried women's surnames are usually composed with the Slavic suffix -ovna. Unlike documents from earlier centuries, in the 19th century it is written not only -owna, -oexa (in Polish and Russian), but also -6wna (in Polish) or, according to pronunciation, -uwna. There are 156 women named with this suffix. Most often it is added to a male surname without the ending (or after removing it), e.g.: z Anną Ambruciowną (inag.; 24, 35), Maryanna Augustynowna (6, 134-135), Elzbiecie Aniukuwnie (naud.; 24, 18), Marcyannie Awizownie (naud.; 28, 6), Helenie Bedarbiowney (naud.; 23, 44), z Barbarą Beynarowngq (inag.; 24, 20), Rozalia Buywidowiczowna (6, 65-66), z Maryang D3iaugiownq (inag.; 25, 33), Agacie Cwirkuwnie (naud.; 26, 16), z Maryą Dutkowngq (inag.; 27, 9), Krysia Gotatylcowna (6, 159—160), Agnieszce Gotowtownie (24, 58), Ewie Gryguwnie (25, 59), Marysia Jigutuw111 na (6, 49-50), Maryannie Katyn (naud. ; 25, 19), Barbara Lukaszewiczuwn (naud.; 22, 1), Krystyna Malchowna (6, 47-48), Maryanna Mikitaychowna (11, 12), Mapsana Munaneoena (20, 3), Katerzyna Ovinowna (6, 91-92), with Urszulg Paspirgielownq (inag., 22, 67), Rozaliij Pawalkiéwny (kilm.; 28, 45), with Elzbietq Pawksztayciownq (inag.; 24, 65), Magdelenie Sztetmokayciuwn (naud.; 23, 12), Ulijanie Wyturuwnie (naud. ; 25, 2). Cases where the Slavic suffix -ovna is added to a surname with a Lithuanian ending are relatively rare. However, they occurred not in one, but in several different documents, e.g.: z Appolonią Adomaytisowną (inag.; 27, 24),z Magdaleną Andrutaytisowną (inag.; 22, 44), Eaucasema Anmonatimucoena (20, 3), Maedanena lankycoena (20, 2), Tenena Jouucoena (20, 7), Ewa Lowkisowna (6, 41-42), z Veroniką Maczutaytisowną (inag.; 21, 33), z Marcianą Mockajtisowną (inag.; 28, 47), Anna Semenaséwna (6, 42—43), Marysia Woyciekanisowna (6, 50—51). As you can see, the suffix -ovna was added to the Lithuanian surnames *Adomaitis, *Andriulaitis, *Antanaitis, *Dabkus, *Jocis (or *Jocys), *Laukis (or *Laukys), *Mačiulaitis, *Mockaitis, *Semėnas, *Vaitiekonis. Seven unmarried women's surnames are composed with the Slavic suffix -evna (written -eena in Russian). It was found only in the already mentioned 1861 list of inhabitants of Veliuona town (source 20). The suffix is added to male surnames with an ending, e.g. : Emunis Jlawaumuceena (5), Enucaeema Ilanaimuceena (2), Pozanis ITempaiūmuceena (4), Aeama Ypb6aiumuceena (6), and without it, for example: /Oduma Byprxueena (4), ITlempynena Henameena (4), Bapeapa Cunoeuueena (6). As you can see, the suffix is added to the surnames *Lašaitis, *Palaitis, *Petraitis, *Urbaitis and *Burkša, *Ignotas (in this case it can also be the father's name), *Sipavičius. One case has been observed where the suffix -ovna has been added to the surname of a man with the suffix -sktipo: z Benedyktą Rudeckowną (innag.; 28, 37). Not *Rudecka, as would be usual from the husband's or father's surname *Rudecki. In the same source, there are: z Ewą Szapowską (inag.; 31), z Barbarą Korycką (inag.; 33). Only 7 unmarried female surnames are composed with Lithuanian suffixes: 3yzana Anronume (20, 4), Ilemponena Hlnuynume (20, 3), Henewxa Pumxume (20, 6), Buxmopia Ckaayoume (20, 5) —with suffix -ytė. The male surnames Anynucs (2) and Ckasyducs (5) recorded in the source testify that the suffix -yte was used to form unmarried female surnames from male surnames with the ending -is. Other surnames similar to the male personal names could be reconstructed as *Jančiūnas and *Rimkus. They are not listed in the source, but plg. 1797) 1797 – Louis II, French king (b. In addition, the document contains names of such works, p.g. Muukynacs (1), Jabkycs (3), Mouxycs (2), Cunkycs (6), Cmankycs (1). Thus, in these cases, the suffix -ytė is used to form unmarried female surnames from male names with the ending -as, -us. Other Lithuanian adverbs occurred only once. These are 3ysana Mouxyme (20, 7) — suffix -utė (from the mentioned personal name Moukycs), Annie Antonayciukiey (used; 22, 5) — suffix -ukė (from the surname *Antanaitis) and Marcianie Sutkayciucie (used; 23, 3) — suffix -ūčia (probably from the personal name *Sutkaitis- ). 112 When a woman's surname has -sktipo suffix, it, after changing the ending, is formed by the iš analogous surname of ar the man's father. Women with such surnames, 79 e.g. : z Agniefzką Bankow/|ką (innag. ; 24, 61), Maryanna Grodzinska (6, 65-66), Felicyana Kawalewska (1, 3), Pozania Kronomoscka (20, 1), with Dorotq Klosowskq (inag. ; 24, 85), Maryanna Kuczynska (6, 156-157), Katarzyna Lewicka (11, 5), ITempona Huxcuncka (20, 4), Katarzyna Sawicka (3), Magdalena Skorupska (5, 7-8), Krystyna Sokotowska (6, 97-98), Anna Stulginska (2, 11-12), Elżbieta Witkowska (11, 5), Helena Wroblewska (6, 156-157). Other female surnames are very rare. These are Slavic -anka: Maryanna Bowdzielanka (6, 127-128), Krystyna Margucianka (6, 94-95), -ycha: Marysia Dzieszuczycha (6, 31-32), Anna Rayszycha (6, 35-36). There are seven female names. As already mentioned, when referring to women by name and surname, the name is usually written first, followed by the surname. Only this sequence of personal names is evidenced by the entire development of Lithuanian binomial naming. Therefore, it is noteworthy that the surname is written first, followed by the name. Among all the documents reviewed, this is the case only in the 1834 list of inhabitants of the Pastuchowa palisade, which is not compiled in alphabetical order (source 14; pages unnumbered): Balczunowa Ewa, Dziewiattowfka Rozalia, Juszkiewiczowna Franciszka, Kompayciowa Ewa, Stankunowa Scholastyka. There are several cases where females are named with names and surnames whose forms completely coincide with male surnames, e.g.: ce AeHewkorw Ileupro (inag.; 22, 40), Pozania Bap3daiimucs (21, 44), Petroneli Greyczus (21, 47), z Magdaleno Pielajtis (inag.; 25, 12). In other binary entries, the following names and surnames are also distinguished: Rojalii Ambruciunie (used; 24, 29), Ewie Greyczonie (naud.; 24, 53). When discussing the naming of men in this period, it was observed that the dual Lithuanian naming by name and surname is often extended by the reference to the father's name. The form and place of the new member varies in Lithuanian spelling: sometimes the father's name is indicated between the first and last name, less often — after the person's first and last name. This and other facts led to the conclusion that the indication of the father’s name is not the result of the natural development of Lithuanian naming (Maciejauskienė 1993: 104-110). This conclusion is partly confirmed by the women's entries in 19th century documents. The form of the father's name used in men's records was used only seven times for them. These are the names where the female name is written first, followed by the reference to his father's name (pronoun of the name and the word daughter) and the female surname, e.g.: z Ludowiką lana Corką Czyczyrkowną (inag.; 22, 72), Barbarze corce Barttomieja Litwinowiczowne (naud.; 22, 22), Magdalena Corka Antoniego Pataszowna (27, 19), Urszula cérka Wawrzynca Skrzydlowna (27, 23), z Elzbietq Benedykta Corkq Lambart (inag.; 22, 62). In two of the names, the woman’s last name is written first, followed by her first name, and in the same way is indicated whose daughter she is: Drobniewiczowna Ewa Corka Jerzego (14), Grygzientowna Elzbieta Corka Jakuba (14). As the formation of female surnames (suffix -ovna) suggests, unmarried women are mentioned here. 113 Whose daughter is written as a woman is also indicated in the following names: Marcella Michata Corka (6, 125-126), Maryannie Corce Piotra £ukaszewicza (naud.; 25,41). In the first case, only the woman's name and the reference to the father's name are sufficient, in the second, the father's name and surname are written. The name of the father is therefore very rarely used in female o names. Even in documents where men are recorded ir relatively consistently with their father's name, women are only referred to by name and surname. This is the case, for example, in the inventory of Adutiškio manor in 1828 (source 6): Symon Tomasza Syn Awinas (58-59), Kazimierz Jozefa Syn Gudas (59-60), Stanistaw Antoniego Syn Koyra (66-67), Krzysztof Andrzeia Syn Kliszewicz (72—73), Mikotay Kazimierza Syn Olechnowicz (94-95), Mikotay Mikotaia Syn Rumbuc (97-98), etc., but Klara Szuszkowa (29-30), Krystyna Petranisowa (31-32), Katerzyna Turlowa (72-73), Maryanna fowkisowa (95-96), etc. —married women and Marysia Jigutuwna (50-51), Marysia Woyciekanisowna (50-51), Rozalia Staszkielowna (115-116), Magdalena Wotoszynowna (121-122), Katerzyna Stepanianowna (133-134), etc. — unmarried women. The difference between the formation of married and unmarried female surnames has already been highlighted — this is the use of the Slavic suffixes -ova, Lithuanian -ienė, -uviené and -ovna, -ytė, -utė and others. There may also be other differences in their designation. The new practice of indicating the father’s name, as shown by the very rare examples presented, was more frequently applied in the case of unmarried women. In the meantime, the names of married women could be extended by a reference to whose wife she is. Such entries were found in some of the documents reviewed. Interesting in this regard is the list of inhabitants of the Paštuva palivark (source 14) from 1834. In most cases, the name of the married woman is followed by her husband's name. This is done by using the abbreviation Z of the word wife and the vowel form of the nobleman's name, e.g. : Andruszkiewiczowna Anna Z Jana, Drobniewiczowa Elzbieta Z Jozefa, Grygzientowa petronella Z Jana, Intupowa Anna Z Adama, Jendwittowa Anna Z Andrzeja, Laurynowiczowa Barbara Z Antoniego, Malecka Anna Z Barttomieja, Marmowa Urszuta Z Onufrego, Medyiewska Anna Z Macieja, Neymontowa Ewa Z Kazimierza, Nowiakowa Ewa Z Marcina, Orentowa Anna Z Szymona, Puzykowa Anna Z Filipa, Woytkiewiczowa Ewa Z Jerzego. However, in the source there is jvardijimy and without this reference, e.g. : Stankunowa Scholastyka, Balczunowa Ewa, Ludkiewiczowa Giertruda, Dziewiattow[fka Rozalia, Kompayciowa Ewa. As mentioned, two unmarried women mentioned in this source are named with reference to their father's name. But again there are entries without such reference — Balczunowna Magdalena, Stankunowna Anna, Juszkiewiczowna Franciszka and so on. The fact that the names of unmarried women could be extended by reference to the father’s, and those of married women by reference to the husband’s personal names, is confirmed by the data of one document from Kelme manor. It is interesting in that it is only for women. This is the 1834 registration of women in Kelme (source 7). This list is alphabetical, so first write the surname, her name. 114 o po — The females are bisexual. However, the pages of the document are divided into graphs that provide various data about the The resident of Kelme. Su The name of the two daughters of the couple is — unknown. ji ir They are filled, according to this, the į woman is ar married, unmarried. ar Widows are included in the first ir group, and o the name of the husband is usually mentioned in the above-mentioned column (no kilm. verb form), e.g. : Arszulowa Eleonora —Symona Zona (1), Andrulowa Mariana — Antoniego Zona (1), Budrayciowa Ewa —lana Zona (2), Kiwilowa Urfzula —Izydora Zo: (6), Sokotowska Anna —Benedykta Zona (13), Tamulowa Anna —Benedykta Zona (13). It is difficult to understand why this indication of the man's name is necessary, if the woman is written by name and the man's surname with the suffix -ova is composed of a surname. When an unmarried woman is entered, the above-mentioned column indicates whose daughter she is. Although in this case the female surname with the suffix -ovna is usually composed of the father's surname, here it is usually attempted to write not only the father's name, but also his surname (in the verb form of both personal names), e.g. : Butkiowna Henryeta —Krzysz: Butki (2), Kiwilowna Morta —Ierzego Kiwila (7), Lewicka Anna — Macieja Lewickiego (8), Užkurisowna Urszula, Užkurisowna Petronela —Bart: Užkuria (14). Sometimes, however, only the father's name is sufficient, e.g.: lankuséwna Morta — Ignacego (6), Tamulowna Urszula —Benedikta Corka (13). Some of the graphs containing such information, which extends the identification of women, are empty. The reasons for this are unclear. In the 19th century, the reference to the father's name gradually became a common member of Lithuanian naming. However, references to the father's surname or to the husband's name, extending the designation of women with names and surnames composed of the father's or husband's names, would seem totally unnecessary. Their appearance was apparently determined by women’s social status, wealth and other dependence on men. Other instances of women being mentioned in documents could be considered as deviations from the use of names and surnames. For example, in the 1816 list of inhabitants of Balčiai manor (source 1), when naming women, it is also indicated whose wives they are. However, only the female name is satisfied here, which is added at the end of the nominative. And at the beginning — the word wife and the husband's name and surname (noble-slang form), e.g. : Michat Wozgitly Magdalena (3), Józef Dobrowolski Anna (3), Andrzej Milkint Magdalena (3), Jerzy Mockus Marcianna (3), Jerzy Tamuci Barbara (3), Barttomiej Zukowski Barbara (3), Mikotay Skarbala Terressa Barbara (3), Jakob Alis Magdalena (3), Jokéb Adamaytis Barbara (4), Jan Bartaszia Katarzyna (4), Józef Milinia Marianna (4) Zone. However, widows are referred to by name, e.g. : Widow Maryanna Szymkuciowa (3), widow Agata Kwietkiewiczowa (4). A couple of similar names were found in the list of inhabitants of Vaiguva manor in 1851 (source 29): Mameywa Snosuua wena Anna (3-4), Ana Epuceeuua cena 115 Anna (5-6). Next is still Tadeyma wena Anna t.y. (5-6), a designation that does not provide fully official information about the woman being recorded. Such designations, when only the name of the woman being recorded is mentioned, i.e. the first ir ne most important member of the binary nomenclature, 0 po to indicating whose ji wife, to be called official, in view of the whole The a. context of the 19th-century Lithuanians would probably be inaccurate. They should be considered as descriptive names of women used in some sources, which arose due to the specificity of the documents, the attitude of the people who wrote them, etc. į ar Also, no doubt, be should be assessed such ir already mentioned in the In the list of inhabitants of Balčiai manor house (1 (source): Sister Barttomieja Zukowskiego Anna (3), Sister Jozefa Milinia Judith (4), Sister Woyciecha Ubrysa Iudyta This (4). indicates in a descriptive way whose sister the woman is. Only the following names were found in all the documents reviewed: 3. O such as those that in ar one way or another indicate whose wife is the woman mentioned, found about 50. In addition to those discussed here, there have been more deviations from ir referring to women by name. These are entries in one personal name. Sometimes it is a name, e.g. : Pastu/5ka Anna (4, 81-82), Pastuszka Helena (4, 81-82), Zona Katarzyna (3), Kątnica Maryanna (3), pastuszka Rozalia (3). As can be seen, in such cases, it is usually still specified who is the woman who is only written by name. This single personal name can also be a surname: Wdowa Boniuszkowa (2, 11-12), wdowa Kazenowa (2, 9-10), Wdowa Marcinkiewiczowa (2, 12-13). Here it is also clear, who is the written woman (widow). Or: Pa Andruszkiewiczowna (3) —unmarried woman only in the surname. In the 19th century, the use of two personal names with the suffix -ova for women was also introduced. As the examples show, widows are usually written as such, although sometimes women of different status may also be: Wdowie Szymonowey Grygowey (naud. ; 24, 25), Francifskowa Jiguciowa (2, 17-18), Michatowa Haydukoniowa (19, 82), Krzysztofowa Kasperowiczowa (43, 87), Wawrzyncowa Kazielunowa Wdowa (11, 14-15), Wincentowa Kuczerowa (3), Janowa Markunowa Wdowa (11, 13-14), lanowa Szopotowa (19, 82), Tomaszowa Uzdawiniowa (19, 83), Iozefowa Zienkiewiczowa (3). In these cases, married women (widows) were named by their surnames and a personal name composed of the man's name with the suffix -ova, written instead of the woman's name. Apparently, the following names are also to be included: Adamowa Koztowska wdowa (3), Wincentowa Witkowska (2, 13-14) or Jwanowska Augustowa (3). In these, the female surnames have a -sk type suffix, and the same personal name composed of the male name with the suffix -ova is written instead of the name. Sometimes two personal names with the suffix -ova are accompanied by a female name. Then the naming becomes already trinar, e.g.: wdowie Agnieszce Michatowey Girutayciowey (used; 23, 38), Roza lakébowa Bieyniowa (19, 87). This is how Lithuanian women are referred to in 19th-century documents of an administrative and legal nature. The variety of their writing is noteworthy. Of about 500 sources, the source is written in Russian. 116 Thus, the creation of godparents’ names also testifies to a very strong glorification of Lithuanian personal names. Therefore, several surnames composed with Lithuanian suffixes again draw attention. These are: Juditha Berniotieny (67), Magdalena Judienie (52), Marianna Szukienie (67) —with suffix -iené and Agatha Plufawskayte (68) —with suffix -aité. The latter name also differs in that here the Lithuanian suffix is added to the surname with the -sktipo suffix. Two godparents have surnames similar to male: Petronilla Lawrynko (37), Marcianna Lutyko (5). 2.2. A completely different picture of the naming of women is found in the second revised church source — the 1857 book of birth, marriage and death records of the churches of Verkiai, Musninkai, Sudervė, Nemenčinė and others (source 18). The book begins with extracts from marriage registration records, from which 319 names of women have been selected. These are the notes of the brides and their mothers and grooms. In addition, the name of the family is not mentioned in the church records of Kulių parish, but is treated as a common name for the whole family. This is primarily reflected in the naming of the parents of the bride and groom. They are usually written together, they are united by the same surname. Here are some examples of names in one of the marriage metrics: fky6a Muxanreeuua (gen.; groom), ca fOnbero Pomanoeckoro (innag.; bride), labpieas u Anacmasiu ypocd: Cydoenbi Muxankeeuuess (gen.; groom's parents), Kazsumepyca u Pozaniu ypoxco. : Poxoecroii Pomanosckuxs (origin; bride's parents) (3). Skyba Ckapxwcunckaeo (kilm.; jaunikis), ce lemponunnero ypo>o. Hluxeeuueenoro Pomanosckoro...6do6o0i0 (innag.; bride), Baepycunyųa u Maptannbi ypoxcd: Boneiūmeenos Crkapxcunckuxs (earl.; groom's parents), Kasumepoca u Maptannoi ypoxod: flnyweeuseeno: luxeeuuees (earl.; bride's parents) (4). Adama Boicouraeo (origin; groom), ca Aeamoro Cybomosuuegroro (ingress; bride), Mapmuna u Mapųiano: ypoxcoennou Makcumoeuuesrou Bbicouxuxe- ... (origin; groom's parents), na u Kpucmbinot ypoucoennou bpasiosrnou Cybomoguuetl (origin; bride's parents) (40). As you can see, the same surname has the groom and his parents, the bride and her parents, the husband wife. ir The names of the women mentioned in the marriage certificates are not equal. Brides, i.e. unmarried women, are usually written with two personal names — first name and surname. The latter is composed of the father's surname, using Slavic suffixes. The most common of these is -evna, e.g. co Tepeccoro banokesuyeeror’ (55), co Mapiannoro buaesuueenor (59), ce Pyncero Jaykueenoro (53), ce Posanieto Kapeeneenoro (44), ce Pozaniro Keprnosuueenor (58), 7 Here and elsewhere the abbreviation of the vowel name has been abandoned, which is replaced by a prefix co ‘with’. 123 ce IOcmunoro JIunkeeuuseenomo (37), ce Paxenite Name of the user (59), ce Itaynunnumber Ilemkeeuuseenoro (46), ce Mapuiannoro IlempyKcaryesror (54), c8 Annoro Cunxeeuuegnor (35), ce Aecamor Cy60omoeuueenoro (40), ce the lose queen Ypbanosuuesroio (59), cs Anenero 3unkesuuegroro (45). Second in frequency is the suffix -aries (written -06xa ir -yeHa), e.g. : cs Ypuyaer Boezupdoenoro (5), ce Ilasaunoro byinosnow (50), ca Annoro [oseiikogHor (31), cs Posaaito /J3udzsanosnoio (53), co Mapuiannorw Hlnenoenormo (31), cs Mapiannoro lodkosnork (32), ce Tocegpamoro Kypnwosnoro (55), ce Eeoro Capanioenoro (53), ce Posaaiero Illouuxoenoro (29), ce Posaniero Būsudysnor (7), ce Hzabeanero Hawkeeuuyeroio (7), ce [lemponunnero Illanmonoeuusyenoro (7). Some of the brides' surnames have a Slavic origin -the type suffix, e.g. : co Kamepunnoto Benaeckoro (30), co Mapiannoro Yepnaecroro (43), ce Aneaoro Jdyonuykoro (57), ce Ioannoro Kniokoeckoro (57), ce Kpucmunoro Mabincerono... (32), ce Annotation Pomanoecroro (60), ce Poszaniro Pydsunkkor (57), co Mapiannoro Pymkosckoro (47), co Texaero Bumkoeckoro (48), ca Arnot XKykosckoro (54). When the bride is a woman who is married for the second time, it is called ji differently. For po example, ir the name of the last name, which, as the work shows, is after the first husband, still indicates ir her maiden name. This is done by using the word ypoxcdennas. The latter is written before the female maiden name in Russian: Heandea ypoxcdennas Bonroea —Ivanova, maiden name Volkova (RL IV 434). In the source this word is given in full or used abbreviations yp., jo ypoxco., less often ypoxc., ypoxcden. — There were no abbreviations in the names of women marrying for the second time, e.g. : c6 Aneniro Eneeneeuuoeoro ed06010 ypoxcdennoro Yenankoenoro (58), ce Mapuiannorjo Tacnepoeuueeoro yponcdennyro IOpzynesuueenorn... 6 doses (55), ce Annoio IlTepeeinioeoro ypondennomto HKuzeneeuueenoro e0060:10 (59), ce Anexcanoporo Punkeeuueeoro yponcdennomto SAxybosckoro 600600 (46). Sometimes the maiden name is written by po name only ir po to the surname of the ex-husband, e.g. : co Axmonuxnoro ypondennoro Bapmoceeuueenoro Kondpamosuuosorw... ed06010 (58), cs Anno ypoxcdennoro Bumkosckoio Typreeuueeoio... 6006010 (51). It happens that a woman who is married for the second time is named only by her ir maiden name — c8 Anmonunoto ypoxcoennor Yenucosroro 600600... (48). In all cases, it is also stated that the woman is a widow. As already shown in the previous examples, the iš parents of the groom and the bride are listed together. They are united by a common name. Therefore, it is difficult to distinguish female names. However, even from those general records it is clear that the names of men are binary, and those of women, the mothers of the brides and grooms, are almost always trinary. ir Be name ir surnames by male (common family surnames), the woman's maiden ir name is also indicated. Ji usually written po name is ir composed of Slavic su prefixes used for this purpose -evna, -ovna (raSoma ir -uvna), e.g. : Bunyenmazo u Kamepunoi yposxcoennoi Aniouwreeuueehbi 124 Bumkoecxuxs (48)%, Coimona u Posaniu ypoxcoennot Banbceeuueeno: Boapynoses (46), Iluminon u Aenemuru yposicoenrou Beiinaposuneeno: Kuvuanoscxuxe (42,57), Adama u Homuueau yponcdennoi Žlaykueeno: Jlununckuxs (53), Mapuuna u Jlomuuyenu ypoxcoennou ŽĮeuneeuseeno: Cunxeeuueeo (45), Tomawa u Tepecbi ypoxcdennoii Tedpoiiųeeno: Yeuunoes unu HAyesuuess (58), Kapona u Mapuisannoi ypoxcoennou Suyxeeuuesnvt byiinoes (50), Ana u Ilemponeau ypoxcdennou Kapeeneeno: XKeupbaucoss (56), Mauea u Pozaniu ypoxcdennou Kepuoeuueenbi Iemxeeuuess (47), locugpa u Paxeau yponcdennoiū Mucanvueenv: denankoes (47), Muxana u Mapianno: ypoxcoennou Hapywesuuesrv: Bumkosckuxs (51), Kasumupa u Pozaniu ypoxcoennou Ilemkesuuesnou lodkoss (41), Ta6piena u Mapianno: ypoxcdennou Capeeeuueeno: Huynoes (51), Onygpaeo u locagpamei ypoxrcoenrou Typaosuuesnsl Topckuxs (58); FOpia u Mapiannot ypoxc. Ayzycmoeni Jlozoéckuxs (33), loaxuma u Annbi ypooucdennou Bauronioekoi Caponioe (52), Ana u Kpucmbinoi ypoxcoennou Bpasziosnou Cybomosuyeu (40), Mameywa u Cogiu ypoxucdennou Byiinoenbi Tnumkoss (50), FO03epa u Mapoannoi ypomcd. Yeprucoenwvt boedanoss (5), Kazumupa u Annet ypoxcoennou Teiidosuuoeno: Podsesuuess (60), Henamia u Mapianoi ypoxcdennou Hunuxoenou Puxoumees (38), Iabpiena u Kamepunbi ypoxucoen. Jlemeixoenvr Camkesuwoss (30), locugpa u Anno ypodennoii Ma3eenoenw Teii606s (59), Ilempa u Mapoanoi ypoxcdennou Cybomoeu4uoeHou JMunkeeuueu (40), Mameywa u Mapianvt ypoxcoennou 3uemMoHmMOBHOU Neespoeuwueii (37). There is a group of nominative forms that appear after the word ypoxcoennas not in the singular form of the maiden name, but in the plural form of the noun, e.g. : Muxana u Kamapocunoi ypoxco: lanreyxuxs Bumkosckuxs (7), Mameywa u Manzopucamot ypoxcd: 3apbiuees Įaurxecuueeo (7), locugpa u Mapbsanbi ypoxcoenrot Poozesuneii Komaosckuxs (41), Hionusia u Ilemporuaau ypoxuco: Cemnaunckuxs /losbopoes (4), bonugpauezo u Pozaniu ypoxcd: Kopicenesckuxs Bytisudoss (7), Kazumepoca u Ann ypoxuco: Ayeyrioss Bporoes (5), Muxana u Anno: ypoxuco: Ipvieanosuuess Jlayꞌnass (7), Muxara u Mapbtannoi ypoxco: Meoseodszees Illaamanosuuess (7). In such cases, it is as if to indicate from which family (family) the woman comes from. There have been several cases where a woman's maiden name has been formed with suffixes -ova, -eva, which, as is known, were used to form married women's surnames, e.g. : Ifempa u Po3aniu ypoocdennou /Įeeeiūxosoiū Manueeuwuei (41), Buxenmis u Tenenoi ypod. flnymeeuueeoiti 3oanosuxen (36), Cmanucaasa u Mapbiainoi ypoxcoernnou Cmynenkoeou Iedeudsioss (35), Ilempa u Kpucmunbi The names of both parents are given here. Yes, as written in the source. To distinguish from them only the mothers’ names is not easy and seemed unnecessary. In most cases, the name of the person is written in the form of the person's surname. Only females of the same sex have the same form of the name. 125 Kacunosuuoesoro Ilepoeuuoes (32). It is possible that they are spelling errors. However, it may also be otherwise (cf. the analogous names of women in the baptismal registration records, which will be discussed later). Only two (out of 209) mothers of the bride and the groom are recorded with two personal names, i.e. first and last name according to the husband: Cmanucaasa u Koncmanųiu 3unkeeu406s (31), Ilempa u Nickname: Heeadomckuxs (30). One of the bridegroom's mothers, the illegitimate son, is written only by name: Kpecmbsnru Koncmanuiu ne3akonnopoxdJdennaz2o china... (46). In the baptismal registration records the baby, his parents and godparents are mentioned. In addition to these, other persons who participated in the baptismal ceremony, including women, are sometimes also recorded. Names in these records look like this: Kazumepxces (baby name), Mameywa u Mapuiannoi ypoxd. Koeaneecroii Pommreeuuoss (origin; baby's parents), Bunuųenmo: Koeaneecriū (godfather), ce Jomuuenero bBymkeeuuesor »cenoro Buxenmis (innag.; godmother) (76—77). ITeniaeia= Banepia (two names of a newborn girl), Kapoas u 3ochiu yponxcd: Konoeuueeoii Pad3uueeckuxs (parents of the baby), Means ITpomyųecuusus (godfather), co Bunyenmvinoto weno Anekcandsi pa (godmother), Oepdornando Uuoreeckriiū (participant), ca Opanyuumroro Crundepo Diusuero (participant mother) (80—81). ITiomps (baby's name), Cmanucaaea u Bapdapor ypocd: Bynuumoes Jloeueeuuees (baby's parents), Kapono Peinkeeuys (godparents), ca Ilemponunbero Pomkreecuuoeoro Cynpyeoro Muxana (godmother), fOzegs /Įaykua (person attending), ce Tepeccoro Tyueeuuosoro edosoio (woman attending) (99-100). The women mentioned in the baptismal registration records are named in a wide variety of ways. Mothers of babies, as well as mothers of brides and grooms in the marriage records, are usually listed together with the men, i.e. the fathers of the babies to be baptized. And here, in addition to the common family name, the woman's maiden name is also indicated. The shape and size of the blade varies. Slavic suffixes -evna, -ovna (written as well as -uvna), e.g. : Kasumepoca u Opanyuwmxu ypocdennoii Amankoeuueenow Knebanckuxs (175-176), Ilempa u Po3zaaiu yponcdennot Andpyuraiiueeno: Koxcykosckuxs (145-146), Adama u Tepecchr yponicdennoti ITempykanbueeno: Cydenucoes (178-179), Mameywa u Mapuiannoi ypoidennoti Illakeeuveenw: lodkoes (145-146), Aumoneeo u Iozecddhambi yponcdennoii Bonsūmeeno:s Boiempounosckuxo (176-177); Cmanucnaea u Anenu ypoxco. /[3zuodzanoeno: Kazakesuuees (191-192), Jliodeurxa u JTiodeuku ypoxcdennoū Hlmonkmosenwv: Poosesuuees (89-90), Ana u Anenu ypoxcoennou Ka6enucoeno: Kpvirosuuees (180—181), Henaueeo u Tepeccebi ypoicdennou Mauronioenows Meukosckuxs (178-179), Mameywa u Annbi yponidennoti XKeuponioeno: Caponioss (178-179); Kacmana u Annet yposxcoernoi Buneeuuoenoii Kyaveuuoes (105), Muxara u Kamapoucunv ypoxcoennou Cru6epoenoii Tomawynoes (115); Banenmia u Kapoaunwvt yponcdennoti: Andpirokaitiųroenoti 126 Buoncuniose (104), IOcmuna u Jlomuyeau yponcdennoti Taiizanioenoti Boiūimerxynose (110), Mamees u Tepecor hypookxdennoti Ierancuniosrou Padsionoss (105), Heana u Poschaniu ypoxucoennou Caneyrosrnoi Hlxy6enoes (106), Kapoas u Vpuyau ypoxcdennot Crap-wrapped Ily3eeuuoes (115). Many women's maiden names have -sktype suffix, e.g. : Bunuenmeezo u Iozecdhbamoi yp. Baayuckou AHueeuuess (189-190), Aumonezo u Anmonunbt yp. ybuukoii Suxesuuees (118-119), Kapona u Pozaniu yp. 2Kykosckoi Byiinoes (183-184), Anmonezo u Jew ypomcdennoiti Tupyavckot Topetiaucoes (182-183), Opis u IMasaunet ypoxcoennoti Ilancycurickou bpyseyaes (106); Itaena u Mapuiannot ypooxdennoti Ipasurckoro Mamyneeuuoes (146-147), Boiiuexa u ITempynenu ypoxcoennou Illupeunckoro bpucesosckuxs (144-145), locugpa u Subspaced Fills Kopceneeckoro Munetikos (133-134). Much more often than in the registers of marriage deeds, there were cases where the maiden name of a woman was composed with suffixes -eva, -ova (-uva), e.g. : Zlomunuxa u Poz3aniu ypoxcdennoui Ienaxncunosou Omwaxose (112), ITempa u Po3aniu ypoxco: Pumwosou Ilpoxonoeuuoes (80-81), Aumona u Kpbicmunbi ypoxwcdOennoū Cmamkynoesoū Kosanresckuxs (108), lky6a u Opanyuumxu ypodennoti Tomoemosoro JIyuyroes (136—137); Coruona u Ilempynenu ypod: Bapmoweeuueeoiū Hlnxoeckuxso (77-78), O3epa u Anumonunbi ypod: Jlu6epmoeuueeoiū Banioxeeuuoes (75-76), Buxenmia u Anonioniu ypoxco. Pumueeuueeoi Illeedosuuoes (76–77), IOpia u Mapoannoi ypondennou Topneeuueeoro Bymreeuuose (134–135), Ana u Ppanyuwku ypondennot Pbi6anmoeuueeoro Jlozoeckuxs (131–132) and others. To explain these cases of female surnames with suffixes -ova, -eva by spelling errors alone would hardly be appropriate, because they are relatively common. One might think that this is a tendency to overshadow the differences in the use of the suffixes -ova, -eva and -ovna, -evna, which came from the Polish language. As is known, in the Russian language, both married and unmarried women's surnames consist of the surname of the husband or father with suffixes -ova, -eva. The name of the village is derived from the common name of the villagers, "O'Briens- ". 60) In this part of the church book there are also more frequently than before names in which the singular form of a woman’s maiden name is replaced by a plural noun. In this way, it is indicated from which family the woman comes, what is the family name, for example: bapmaomes u ITemponenu ypoxcd: ZJlaneuxuxs Teznucoes (96-97), IOzedda u Tpachinbdor ypoxuco: Hnkoeckuxs Bocmpbinoeckuxs (85-86), Teodbuna u Homuyeau ypoxwcd. Opaogckuxs Seenosuyoss (81-82), Muxana u Ppanyuwxu ypoxco: lllarkosckuxs Bytieudoes (96-97), Kasumepxca u Ienenvr ypoxuco: XKuaunckuxs 3abopoeckuxs (83-84); [Tiompa u Mapbtannbt ypouco: bapmowesuuoss bepnamosu4oss (87-88), Iliompa u Annot ypowco: beakesuuoes Ieenioes (88-89), Muxonas u Annbi ypoxd: Bytieudoss Botimkesuyvoss (89-90), Ppanyuwxa u Annet ypod: eeseiikoes Pyca127 Keeuuess (86—87), IOsecha u Azamoi yponicd: Mamynesuuoss Bamypose (88-89), Bunuenmeeo u Tepeccor ypoxcd: Beiixuose Ilypreeuuoss (83-84); Kapoas u Paxenu ypoucd: The 2012 World Cup (95-96), Ana u Kamapoxcunoi ypoxco: Pycakesuuess Ceronoss (94-95). These names are supplemented by another one where the word ypoxcdennas is replaced by a prefix c2 (from): Cmanucrnaea u Eebr co Koznoeckuxs Kosaresckux (131— 132). It also indicates from what iš family the woman comes from. Other, i.e. ne trinary, mothers of babies names are rare. Only one mother of a married baby is recorded by name and surname: Ka3zumepyca u IO3ehamo Beinoeckuxs (87-88). The mothers of the illegitimate babies mentioned in the source are named by two personal names. Their surnames have suffixes typical of unmarried female names -evna, -ovna, e.g. : Mapsiannoi Bampanbuyeeno: (kilm.; 180-181), /Oniu Įaueeuueeno: (kilm.; 192-193), Mapuianno: Munxoeuueenbi (kilm.; 181-182), lozagpamer Ypdanoeuueenor (kilm.; 185-186), Axmonunbi ITepeeūnucoeno: (kilm.; 184-185), or other, e.g. : Kapoaunsr Yanaunckou (kilm.; 75-76), Texau Kaesunckoti (75-76), Ilanno: Knokoeckou (183-184), Anno Jlununckot (96-97), Mapoanno: Kykoeckou (79-80), Ilemponenu Boneiiutanku (108). Such designations are relatively rare. In the christening records, the godmothers are named quite differently. These are married ir unmarried women. Married godmothers are usually named by indicating whose woman is the wife. The very name of the woman in this marital status, composed of the name of the man, would seem to provide information that the woman is the wife of one or another man. However, the common surname of both spouses is either not used at all when naming godmothers, or it is considered insufficient, so the reference to the husband's name is added. In the first case (which is the majority) the woman is written only by name, and then in the descriptive way, i.e. by using the words cynpyea or »ceHa, the man's name and surname are indicated. Common words are written at the end of the nominative, i.e. after the male name and surname (very rarely — the name and surname), or immediately after the female name. Here is a string of such godparents: ce Annorjo Mameywa Haveuca cynpyeoro (116), co Kpoicmunoro Kazumupa Pydara cynpyeor (115), ce Kpbremunoo Ta6pvwena fiky6ena cynpyeoro (115), co Kapoaunow Cmanucaraea Mamensanųa cynpyeoro (113), cs Pozaniero Buxenmia Boneiiuu Cynpyeoro (112), ce Aeamoro Muxana Cmpaszoa cynpyeoro (112), ce Kaponunoro Teogpunra Cmaneeuusa Cynpyeoro (146-147), ce Maposannoro Mamees Ilanuyna Cynpyeoro (107), co Eavszbemoro Anmona 2XKeuneena cynpyeoro (106), ca Kpsicmuroro Anmona Andpykotiųs cynpyeoro (105), cs Aumonunoro Andpea Tezna cynpyeoro (104); co Ilemponenito Buxkenmis 3danosuua ncenoro (150), co Mapiannoro locugpa Andpykaiiųs xcernoro (147-148), ce Kapoaunorw lozegpa Mapkesuua xcenoro (146-147), ca Ilempynenero Mayes ITeuyna »xcenoro (141-142), ca Anacmasiero Kasumepa Kosaneeckazo xceroro (139-140), co Ypwyaero Cmegana Jlyuyna ucenoro (139-140); ce Annoro Tabopema 128 Ana wenoro (144-145), ce Kamapyucunoro Coeneeuua Kaemana »cenoto (133—134), ce Mapisannoro Įoeeiikxu Andpea xcenoro (142-143); ce A2amoro cynpyeoro Iozecdba Bnamceeuua (179-180), ca Anenero cynpyeoro lozegpa T'vavbunosuua (179-180), cs lozechamoro cynpyeoro Kazumepaca Nopetiku (179-180), cs Tepeccou cynpyeoro Ilempa Mukenresuua (177-178), co Kamapaxcunoro cynpyeoro lozegha Napyweeuua (176-177), ce Kapoauroro cynpyeoro Banueenmypa bansvcesuua (190-191), ce Kamapacunor cynpyeoro Henaueeo JTrobepma (184-185), ce Mapbiannoro cynpyeoro Ayeycmuina FOpeeneeuna (184-185), ca Mapbiannoro cynpyeoro locegpa Keupbauca (182-183), ce Koncmanuiero cynpyeoro Kazumepwca Mapmyna (84-85); ce [Jopomoit »xenoro Kapoas bykuu (81-82), ca Ypwynero cenoro Ana Kpusomosuua (78-79), ce IO3eghoro sceroro Kazumepxca boeeupoa (77-78). Sometimes the name also indicates the social status of the man, e.g. ce Jloosukorw Cynpyeoro Įeopanuna /lrodeuxka Kodsesuua (73-74), ce Annoro Mcenoro Kpecmoanuna Kazumepyuca Bapmowuxu (75-76), ce Koncmanuiero Cynpyeoro Kpecm. Iendpywes Kyaaxoeckaeo (91-92). In other cases, the woman's name and surname are written and an indication of whose wife she is is added. Most female surnames have the suffix -ova, -eva, which indicates that they are male surnames. Thus, only the name of the man is additionally indicated, using the already mentioned general words. For example: cs Pozaniero Anekcandpoeuuoesoro cynpyeoto Kaz3umepoxca (86-87), ce Posaniero Bamopoeoro cynpyzoro Kapona (86-87), ce Aezamoio Beiinapoeuuoeoio cynpyeoro @panyuwka (96-97), ce Annoro boapyroeoro Cynpyeoro Maues (91-92), ce Opanuuuwmroro byieudosoro »wcenoro Muxana (79-80), ce Poszaniero Iodroeoro Cynpyeoro Alna (131-132), ce Annoro Pumuoeoro Mcenoro benedvikma (80-81); ca Awmonunoro Banioxeeuuesoro »cenoro CbiMOHa (75-76), co ŽĮomuuenero bapmowesuueeoio »enoro FOzegha (77-78), co Anno Bunvkesuuesoro cynpyeoro Anmonezo (188-189). Most likely, the surnames of the godparents with -sk type suffixes are also made up of their male surnames, for example: co Oenuyiannoro Yanaunckoro »xcenoro Kapona (83-84), ce Annoro Caeuurxoro Cynpyeoro Bunuyenmezo (91-92), ce Po3aniero Bepkosckoro »cenoro Maues (81-82), ce KOcmbinoro XKuaunckoro »xcenoro HKOcmbina (83-84). In addition to the most common names discussed here, which in one way or another indicate whose wife the woman is, there are a few other names. For example, the godmother- 's name and the husband's name are written together using the word »cena: ce Enswc6emoro Mukyauua xenoro (134-135), ce Kamapoiunoro Pomeiku »cenoro (133-134), co Mapbannoro mcenoro Ilonnaeckaeo (75-76). Or write the woman's name after the man's name and repeat the man's name once again, indicating whose wife she is: ce Ku3uneeuuoeoo Cynpyeoro Iepucezo Kuzunesuua (94-95). There have been cases where only the name of the woman and her husband are written: cs Bunųenmbinoro Kenoro Anekcandpa (80-81); or female name and male name: ce Kaumaueeckoro Cynpyeoro Opanuumra (98-99). And finally, two more such names: ca /Įeusmiero Muurxeeuueeoro 6006010 Hero 129 IOzedda (79-80), ce Oenuyiannoro bamypoeoro edosoro cynpyzoro Onyghpeezo (88— 89). Here it is not clear, ar godmothers are re-married women whose husbands' names are given, they are widows of the husbands ir whose names ar are written here. The following po descriptive names of godparents are more clear: cs AHO 6006010 no Sue IOpeenesuuy (77-78), ce Jnbox6emoio 6006010 no Increase Ilyxwme (75). Unmarried godmothers are usually named by two personal names, the first of which is the name, the second the surname. o That women are unmarried is shown by surname jų suffixes -evna, -ovna (-uvna). Be of this, usually still said that the godmother is a girl (using the word desuua), e.g.: desuuero c6 Ateneo Banesuuesnoro (190-191), ce Iaynunoro Banbceeuueenoro desuuero (193-194), co Oesuuero Mapiannoro Tydeeuueenoro (186-187), cs desuuero Mapbiannoro Keprosueeror (187-188), ca desuuero Ppanyuwxoro byinrosrnor (185-186), co ITempyneneiro Teznioenoro desuuero (79-80), ce Koncmanyiero Akybenoenoro desuuyero (106), cs desuuero Mapuiannoro Kapeeniossoro (189-190), cs desuyero Annoro Jlameucosnor (181-182), cs desuuyero Esoro Caponioenoro (178-179), cs Kapoaunoro Cydenucosroro desuyero (192-193), co desuuero Acamoro Budymoeroro (185-186), cs desuuero lozeghoro Bobaaucoenoio (183-184), ce desuuero Aneneio Keupbaucosnor (187-188), co Ppanyuwroro Crundepyenoro desuuero (85-86), cs Pozaniewo Illadpeiikyenoro desuuero (95-96). Surnames JlameucosHhorw, Cydenucosnor, Bo6anucoenoro, XKeupbaucosnoro, Maseucysnoro (everywhere innag.) testifies that Slavic suffixes could be added to the whole surname, without removing its Lithuanian ending plg. — pvd. *Latvis, *Budenis, *Bebalis, *Žvarblis, *Nozgis (ar *Nodules). As in other ir cases, the surnames of some godparents have -sktype suffix, e.g. : co Oesuyeto Pozaniero Topckorw (175-176), ca bapbapor leopoeckaio desuyero (150), cs desuuyero boeymunorw Jlununckoro (185-186), ce Kaponunoto Jlykoeckor Oesuuero (88-89), ca Emaniero Nosuykor desuuero (134-135), co [Oniero XKykosckor desuyero such names, there were (179-180). Be also some with the suffix -anka: cs Eaucasemoro Taiizanankojo desuuero (104), cs Aeamoio Padyuankorw desuyero (108). Very rarely krikStamotés name does not differ from an analogous male name, e.g.: co Asexcandporo Penxo (81-82), ce Ppanyuukoro Crxundeps (96-97), ca deeuyuero Anenero Cenkeeuus (74-75). Only two personal names, i.e., as well as the past krikStamotés, are used for widows. Their status is evidenced by the surname suffixes -ova, -eva. In addition, this is usually indicated by the use of the word widow. For example: ce FO3egor IOpeeuuoeoto (87-88), cs Tepeccoro IOprxeeuuoeoro 6006010 (82-83), ce Kasumuporo Ilempoeoro (114), ce Poxenero Pomeiixo6oro 6006010 (114), ce Paxenero Ypoanosuueeoro 6006010 (79-80). The reference shows that godmothers whose surnames have the -sk type suffix are widows: ca 3ogdiero Kynneeckoro ed06010 (105), ca Annoo Cobomkoeckoro 6006010 (96-97). Some neiStekéjusiy godmothers are named by indicating whose daughters they are. This is done unevenly. Most of the time, the woman's name and surname are 0 po 130 to written, the father's name is indicated. The name is derived from the ir name of a noble family. For example: : ce Ypmuynero Boezupdoenoro douepobro Kazsumepyuca (83-84), co Texnero Bapmoceeuuyenoro dovepwio Kazumepyuca (93-94), ce Mapeannorw IĮaceeūryenoro douepsro Anmonezo (95-96), ce Ilensnziero Koznoeckoro douepvro Muxauna (78 79), ce Po3aniero Mukentosnor odouepsvio IOzegpa (82-83), ca Anonioniero Pomkeeuuyenoto oouepvio Kazumepauca (96-97), ce Poszaniero Boneiiuoenoro douepvro Bapmaomes (92-93), ce bapbaporo Illudnoecroto douepvio Kasumepiica (75-76). In other cases, only the godmother's name is written, followed by the word daughter and the ascendant vowel form of the father's name and surname: ¢a Annoro douepvro Kasumepoa Bouimkesuua (97-98), ce Anmonunoro Jdoueporo Bunuenmezo Tazuneeuua (93-94), ce Kaponunoto douepsro Tadeyma Cocrosckazo (98-99), cs Maptannoro Jd04ueporo Kazumepyuca lanoeckaeo (77-78), ce Mapoannoro doueporo Illumona Bapmowku (94-95), ce Ilemponunvero Jdoueporo Henauezo Kozakesuua (98-99), ce Posaniero douepvro Ppanyuwka Caynesuua (78-79). Sometimes the name also indicates the social class of the father: ce desuuero Bapbapoto d04epoio Jdeopanuna Kasumepyca Illudnoecraeo (73-74), co Kaponunoro Jdouepoio Kpecmosnuna Adama Ilomouxaezo (75-76), co Mapųiannoro do4uepbro kpecms: Kazumepoxa Hanoeckazo (97-98), ce Tepeccoro douepvro Kpecmb: Henauezo Cmankesuua (99-100). Other names with the father's name are very rare: ca Texnero douepsro Kazumepoxca, Bapmowxyenoro (100-101), or —ce Mapbannoro Xmneneecroro Sanggauero Bunuenmaeo (76—77). There are a couple of cases where the godmothers are named only by their surname and who they are: co Cenkesuuogoro Tumynap: Cosemnuyero (92-93) (title counselor or wife of a title counselor), ce Žlxxoeuuoenoro desuyero (109). It has already been mentioned that in some of the baptismal registration records, in addition to the baby’s parents and godparents, other persons who participated in the baptismal ceremony are also mentioned, including women. They are relatively few, and these women are also referred to as godmothers. Some unmarried women and widows are written only by name and surname, e.g. cs Mapsannoro Tyuceenoro desuuero (104), ce Hominukoro Įoeeiixoenoro Įeeuueiro (132-133), ce Tepeccoro Tyueeuuoeoro 6e006010 (99-100). Sometimes it is indicated whose daughter the woman is. This is done in the ways already mentioned above: ce /oannoro Toneyuroenoro dous: FOzega (92-93) or ce Mapiero dous: Maues SAmonma (89-90). Married women are named by indicating whose wives they are. This, as in the case of godparents, is done in two ways: the woman is named by name and surname and only the man's name is added or the man's name and surname are written after the woman's name: ca ITempynenero Hleennoeuueeoro wenoro Henayezo (81—82), ce Kaponunoro Cmanxeeuuoeoro senor Cmanucnaea (81-82), Aumonunbi cynpyeu flxo6a Boasuwu (origin; 176-177), ce Koncmanųiero Cynpyzoro 131 Ka3umepyca Mapmena (91-92), Mapbiannbi cynpyeu Bunuenmezo Napyueeusa (kilm. ; 176-177). The records of the death registration records mention deceased women, mothers of deceased babies and widows left behind after the death of their husbands. They are called in different ways. Deceased women can be recorded with three personal names. This is a name, maiden name and a surname after a man. It is worth noting that the female surname is not used in the singular form of the paternal form, but is given in the plural form of the noble vowel of the family from which the woman originated, e.g. : Kamapycuna ypoxcd: Bepnamoeuuoses Cmanreeuuoea ed06a (225), Tenena ypoxco: Ąlaykuose Caenuxosa (225), Posania yp: Koznroeckuxe Bepkoscka (225), Opanuuwmxa ypoxco: Iloakosckuxs bytisudosa (261), Maposanna ypoxco: Botiyexosckuxs Cokonoecka (256). In cases where the first name and surname of the woman are written first, and then her maiden name is added (using the word ypoxcoerras), the latter is used in the singular form, e.g. : Juena laneyka ypoxcoennas Keamkroecka (283), Tepeca SHlnywxeeuuoea ypoxcoennas Pyceuxa (290), Opanyuwka Hapywesuuesa ypoxucdennas Anopywrkesuueena (282), Aenewka Caynesuuesa ypoxcoenna Ilepeenucosna (281). Sometimes these names are accompanied by an indication of whose wife was the wife: Anna Boumkeeuuesa ypoxcdennas Cmanreeuueena... Iosecba Boumkeeuua cena (289), Dea Barenmuinosuueea ypoxcoennas Arvbosuuesna... Bunyenmaeo Banenmuinosuua cena (289). Sometimes this reference is extended with descriptive elements, e.g. : Axna Iliopkosa ypoxcdennas Napyweeuwueena... Ocmaewezoca edosuems Kpecmoanuna Anopes ITiopxu cena (292), Mapuianna Illocmaxoecka ypoxwcdennas Mucesuuegna... Ocm. edosuems Kp. Illocmaroeckazo price (291). Arba: Anna Bo6poecka ypoxcdennas Jlanuncka.- .. Ymepuiezo Jleopanuna Dniana Bo6poecxazo wena (282), Maedanena bpanuuka ypoxcoenHas Munauescxa... Ymepueezo Kpecmosnuna Hlko6a bBpanuurxaeo cena (286). Without the word ypoxcdennas, i.e. only by name, maiden name and surname, the following women are named: Pozsania Mapyunkeseuuesna TynoOunoeuueea (283), ITemponena Pamreeuseena Jlvindosa (285), Paxena Cemauxoena Meuanyesa (282). The names of the deceased women show that they were married women. It is not uncommon that women mentioned in the death registration records are named by two personal names. The formation of their surnames (without losing sight of the already observed possible decline of the difference in the use of the suffixes -ova, -eva and -ovna, -evna) suggests that they could also have been unmarried women, e.g. : Pozanis Bymkeeuusoena (271), Ypuyna JAumunosuvoena (272), Bozymuna Makapesunosna (270), Tenena Pomeiroena (270); FO3zegha Andpywxeeuuoea (256), Anna Bapmoweeuuoea (270), Knapa Jl3e03nn06a (272), Pozania lodkoea (272), desuya Mapsana Teopbianoeuuoea (257); Mapųianna Janoscka (261), Diusua Kapoauna Aluxoecra (254), Tepecca Ko3noecra are sewed together, even on different sheets. (272). 132 ne o Men are named twice by — first ir name or by surname, with the jų addition of the ir father's name. Thus follows the already established In the a. first half of the 19th century. It is not clear why the father's name is given in some cases and not in 0 others, e.g. — : Szymon Szyteyko (4), Stanistaw Semiot (3), Onufrius Romanov/[ki (4) ir Matthew[5] Syn Iakoba Szyleyko (3), Take(3 Syn Michata Kule/zis (5), Mateusz Kazimierza Syn Szyteyko (6). Two persons named by name — in the source, ir e.g. : — Maryanna Andrunowa (10), Ewa Klotyniowa (8), Maryanna Ztobowa (6). This is also the case for some unmarried women (hired workers, cornerwomen), e.g. : Maryanna Andrunéwna (11), Konstancya Olechnowiczowna (12), Anna Czepukienowna (8) and Dorota Gawenayczia (11). However, it is possible that the latter name is extended by the reference to the father's name, for example. : Konstancya Michala Corka Kietwirciowna (18), Urszula Iana Corka Lingiowna (16), Barbara Macieja Corka Raytowna (19), Konstancya Ierzego Corka Szyteykowna (7), Katarzyna Michata Corka Wasztakiowna (22). Arba: Rozalia Eukafzewiczowna Corka Marcina (6), Barbara Zimblayc3e Cor. Michala (5). Others are the names of married women whose husbands are still alive and are also mentioned in the document. The most common are: Szymona Zona Wiktorya (9), Tomafza Zona Anna (6), Szymona Zona Maryanna (5), Mateufja Zona Zuzana (2), Iakoba Zona Anna (4), lana Zona Agata (4), Ierzego Zona Barbara (4), Iakoba Zona Agata (4), Stanistawa Zona Katarzyna (5). So the woman is only named by name and indicates whose wife she is. The man is also given only the name. This is, of course, a very non-informative, only suitable for informal use female notation. In other cases, only the woman's name is given, and it is stated whose wife she is, but the man's name and surname are both written (pronoun I.), e.g.: lana Bugiena Zona Antonina (23), Iozeffa Czeszumskiego Zona Anna (6), Iana Ilinskiego Zona Ewa (4), Michata Mifskinia Zona Konstancya (8), Mateufza Szyteyki Zona Agata (5). Sometimes the latter names are extended by a reference to the father's name, e.g. : Son of Szymona Olef5kiewicz Maryanna Corka Macieja (2), daughter of lana Dutka Son of Anna Corka Barttomieja (16). Only the name of the husband may be given, and the father's name and surname. Of course, again, only the name of the woman is mentioned, e.g. : Augustyna Zona Anna Corka Kazimierza Lingia (17), Francif5ka Zona Barbara Corka Marcina Lingia (4). There are also entries mentioning only names (man, woman, father), e.g.: lozefa Zona Ewa Corka Kazimierza (16), lakoba Zona Maryanna Corka Macieja (2), Adama Zona Barbara Corka Antoniego (3), Marcina Zona Anna Corka Szymona (2), lana Zona ludyta Corka Adama (2), Michata Zona Ewa Corka Antoniego (3). Of course, it is not possible to call such names official either. Concluding remarks. When discussing the naming of women in the 19th century, there were about 6,000 of them in very different documents. By dividing the sources into administrative, legal and ecclesiastical, it was attempted to 139 similarities and differences of the female introductions used in them. The latter were particularly noticeable when studying such sources in the 17th and 18th centuries (Maciejauskienė 1991: 295—296). The analysis of women’s names in the revised 19th century documents shows that even in this period there are considerable differences in writing women in sources of different nature. However, there is also a tendency to reduce the above-mentioned differences. This is partly due to the changing specificity of some church sources. The most important ways of naming Lithuanian women could be distinguished as follows: 1. In two personal names, the first name and the second surname. This designation is most common in the reviewed administrative legal documents, in the register of baptismal acts of the parish of Kuliai and in some other sources. It is used by both married and unmarried women. 2. In three personal names. Most of the time, these are the names of married women, which include the woman's name, maiden name and common surname with the husband. It is rarely mentioned in the sources mentioned above. It is used in combination with the usual double-sided labels. Such a name is common in the second ecclesiastical source examined — the 1857 book of extracts of birth, marriage and death registration acts of Verkiai, Musninkai, Sudervė, Nemenčinė and other churches. In this case, the name of the female is usually used before the maiden name. 3. Other miscellaneous. This is a list of people named by their first name or surname. Also, those that specify whose wife is a married woman and whose daughter is an unmarried woman. In the latter, a descriptive element is common — the general words wife, daughter (sometimes other words, e.g. sister, widow) are used. In such cases, only the name of the woman may be written, and the name and surname of the husband or father — both. Or a woman is named by name and surname, 0 followed by the name of her husband or father. There are also other individual names. Therefore, the naming of women during this period still varies noticeably. The most important reason for such a situation, apparently, is their different social position, wealth and different dependence of women on men. The inclusion of women, who participated in society much less than men, in documents no longer acquired a uniform, official, everywhere and always mandatory expression. Therefore, in addition to the use of names and surnames, which has become the norm in many sources of the period under consideration, other entries are also relatively common. This also relates to the specificity of the sources. Deviations from the naming by name and surname—trinitarian entries, descriptive elements, etc.—are characteristic of the naming of women in the Second Church Book. However, it is in this source that the tendency to treat the surname as a common personal name of the members of one family is most noticeable (cf. the names of the brides, grooms, parents of baptized and deceased babies). Similar tendencies can be seen in the Imbrado parish church book. Meanwhile, in the baptismal registration book of Kulių parish, the father and mother of the baby are written with different surnames (usually the mother’s maiden name is used). These and other data, observed in administrative legal and other documents, testify that already in the 16th century the name of the father was used in the name-setting of men. It is interesting that the reference to the father’s name, which is intensively searching for a place in the name-setting of men of this period, is relatively rarely used in the name-setting of women. The investigated material shows that such a reference extends only the designations of unmarried women. Women's names are very Slavic. 140 Lithuanian a. surnames formed in the 18th century XIX has a. always ne been the most important indispensir able member for naming all persons. Surprisingly, even In the baptismal registration book of Kulių parish, maiden names of women have Slavic suffixes -ovna, -evna, O married women — - Okay. - Okay. Ir only ten names (from 1891!) composed su with Lithuanian suffixes -aitė, -alė ir -in (plg. the formation of female personal names in the 17th-18th century church books, see Maciejauskienė 1991: 262–300). Only 9 women (out of 500) registered in administrative legal documents have surnames with Lithuanian suffixes -ienė, -yte, -utė, -ukė, etc. Other names are formed with Slavic suffixes -ovna, -evna, -ova, -eva. Only the usage of the latter adverbs is evidenced by the formation of the names of the women recorded in the second church book. Only in 1843, in the list of Catholics of Deltuva Parish, alongside the Slavic forms of female surnames, Lithuanian suffixes -ienė, -aicia, -yčia, -(i)ūčia, -ukė are confirmed. It is composed of 75 (out of about 350) female surnames. Two surnames with the suffix -aicia (of course, among many others) also appeared in the 1840 list of inhabitants of the same parish. Thus, based on the anthroponymy of the documents studied, it can be said that the glorification of the creation of female surnames increased in the 19th century. In one document from the second half of the 19th century — the lists of the inhabitants of the parish of Seirijai who had confessed and received communion — there were very unusual names of women. A Christian woman's name is followed by a male name. Such names are common and used alongside the usual names and surnames of this period, formed with suffixes -ova or -ovna. The reasons for the use of such female surnames have not been explained or any patterns have not been observed. Received 26 February 1999 LITERATURE LPZ I-II —Lietuvių pavardžių žodynas 1-2, Vilnius: Mokslas, 1985-1989. Maciejauskienė V. 1991: The formation of Lithuanian surnames, Vilnius: Mokslas. Maciejauskienė V. 1993: The naming of Lithuanians in the first half of the 19th century. —Lietuvių kalbotyros klausimai 32, 100-113. Ramonienė M. 1985: Anthroponyms of Women in Western and Central Lithuania at the End of the 18th Century. — Kalbotyra 36(1), 54-62. RL IV —Dictionary of Russian-Lithuanian Language 4, Vilnius: Mokslas, 1985. Salys A. 1983: Krikštavardžiai. —Raštai 2, Rome: Lithuanian Catholic Academy of Sciences. Zinkevičius Z. 1977: Lithuanian Anthroponymics: Vilnius Lithuanian Personal Names in the Early 17th Century, Vilnius: Mokslas. 141 tD. 9; 10. Lists Poswols12. Lists on. 14. 15. Spis 16. Wiadomo18. 19. leno 20 1571-1872]. — SOURCES. Baltic Ducal Documents. 1816-1825 —Manuscripts Department of the Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as — MABRS), F 37-2899. Bierczak Czynszow i Remanętow z Wtosci Poswolskiey... [The chinchilla population of Pasvalio estates] the book ir of debts. 1838 m.]. - MABRS, F 43-15326. . Inwentarze Maietnošci Dembiny.- .. [Inventory of the Dembiny Manor, 1786-1828]. -MABRS, F 138-1441. . Inwentarze mttsci Bolbian... [Inventaries of the Balbény manor, 1775-1830]. -MABRS, F 1381439. . Inwentarze Mttsci Kurkliszek... [Inventory of Kurkliszek Manor, 1786-1819]. -MABRS, F 138-1443. . Inwentarz Majatku Hoduciszek... [Inventory of Hoduciszek Manor. 1828]. -MABRS, F 434626. . Kelmės dvaro dokumentai. A detailed registration of all women of Kelme estates. 1834 m. —MABRS, F 37-1710. . Ksiega Metryk Slubnych- ... [Joint Metric Book of the Inturkės Parish, 17711826]. —Preserved in the archives of Inturkės church. The register of baptismal metrics of Kulių parish. 1802-1807 —Archives of the History of the State of Lithuania, F 669, ap. 1, p. 220. vo books (prepared by J. of inhabitants of Merkinė parish. References and excerpts from Merkinės church archive1. Reitelaitis). 1818-1937 m. —MABRS, F 136-13. —MABRS, F 136-89. Folw=Postal Review ki inwentarz... [Inventory of Pasvalys manor house. 1806]. —MABRS, F 43-15014. of inhabitants of the parish of Seirijai who have confessed and received communiof the Year 1834. —MABRS, F 38-55. 1881-1884. List of Seirijų parishes. 1830 m. —MABRS, F 136-90. Parafian Dziewaltowskich... [List of Catholics of the Delta Parish. 1843] —MABRS, 17. F 268-36. Status Animarum czyli Regestr Ludnošci Parafii Dziewiattowskiey [List of Catholics in the Parish of Dziewiattowski... 1829-1834]. -MABRS, F 268-33. Kosciofašč Mieszkancach obojey pici..., nalezacych do parafialnego Dziewaltowskiego ... [List of Catholics of Delta Parish. 1840]. -MABRS, F 268-35. Boimycu MeTpuueckoil Kuru... [Book of birth, marriage and death records of Verkiy, Musninkai, Sudervė, Nemenčinė and other churches, 1857]. -MABRS, F 4319247. Tpoxckoro yesaHoro cyxa... [Documents of the Valkininkai municipality, MABRS, F 11-23.. Mecteuko Benéna. CrirucoKk XuTeIeil: JIBOpsIH, MeIllaH, KpeCTbsiH, KyTHUKOB. 1861 r. -MABRS, F 126-322. “ The historical sources reviewed are stored in the Manuscripts Department of the Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences (except the church books of Inturkės and Kulių parishes — see list items 8 and 9). In the alphabetical list, the names of the sources in the original language are usually listed first, and in parentheses are listed the variants of the names and the year in which the source was written. The two names are often abbreviated. In cases where, for one reason or another, the original language of the name cannot be indicated, only the name in the catalogue shall be used. The source storage fund, signature is indicated. Similarly, the name of the source stored elsewhere, i.e. in the church archives, is given. 142 21. Paspemrernus KpecTbsiHaMm: 1) Ha opaque; 2) Ha rOAMYHBINA yxoJ] B Apyrue MecrTa... 1859 r. — MABRS, F 126-200. 22. Pasmenuusi Ha Six pack. 1831-1862 r. - MABRS, F 126-353. 23. Pa3pemenus Ha Gpar. 1844-1862 r. - MABRS, F 126-352. 24. Pa3penrenus Ha 6 But I fled. 1829-1830 r. — MABRS, F 126-263. 25. Pa3penrenus Ha I'm not going anywhere. 1835-1871 r. —- MABRS, F 126-394. 26. Paspemenus Ha 6pack I'm sorry. 1839-1843 r. — MABRS, F 126-174. 27. Pa3penrenus Ha 6but I'm not. 1846-1847 r. - MABRS, F 126-173. 28. Paspernrerus Ha 6pack I'm sorry. 1857-1858 r. - MABRS, F 126-201. 29. Pesusckasi Ckaska 1851 roma... Baiirosckaro npuxona... [Vaiguvos dv. the revision list. 1851 m.]. - MABRS, F 37-229. THE DESIGNATION OF WOMEN IN THE HISTORICAL SOURCES OF THE 19TH CENTURY Summary The aim of this paper is to examine the designation of women in the historical sources of the 19th century. of the century to locate. For this purpose, approximately six thousand entries on women were collected from administrative and ecclesiastical sources. It has been found that the nature of the designations of women is inconsistent. This is achieved, among other things, by the Specific of the Source texts conditional. There are the following types of female names: 1. with two personal names — the first is the first name, the second is the family name; 2. with three personal names commonly worn by married women—the first name, the unmarried girl’s family name, and the married woman’s family name, which corresponds to that of the husband; 3. in any other way. These are rare names with a personal name (first name or surname), lists of women with hints of whose wife or daughter she is (where the appellative Zmona, dukté is used). The diversity of the names given to women is probably determined by their social position, by their dependence on the husband (as regards property, etc.). The designations of women (who were much less involved in social life than men) in the historical sources have acquired uniform, official, always and everywhere valid forms much later than the designations of men. The names of the women bear witness to this, since the 18th-century Jh. already formed Lithuanian surnames in the 19th Jh. were not always the most important and necessary component in the designation of persons. The female names were all without exception of Christian origin. The formation of female surnames has a distinctly Slavic character. The middle family names usually have the suffixes -ovna, -evna, while the family names of married women are characterized by -ova, -eva. Lithuanian derivative suffixes are rare: for example, in the church register of the community of Kuliai only ten family names (from 1891) contain the suffixes -aité, -alé and -iené. ; only nine female surnames (out of 500) registered in administrative documents have the Lithuanian suffixes -ienė, -yté, -uke, -uté; in the register of the Catholic parish of Deltuva among the 350 female surnames 75 are formed with the suffixes -iené, -aicia, -yčia, -(i)acia, -uké. In some of the sources that have been examined, there is not a single female surname with a Lithuanian suffix. This allows us to sleep, since in the 19. Jh. the Slavification process in the formation of female surnames became clearer. 143 In a document from the 2. Half of the 19. In the 19th century, in the censuses of Seirijai village, there are very unusual names of women. A male family name is registered after the woman’s Christian first name (Marcella Marcinkiewicz, Elzbieta Mikucianis, Marcella Milunas, Agata Sawejkis- ). Such designations are often found alongside the entries of first names and surnames, which were common in that period, the latter being formed with the suffixes -ova or -ovna. The reasons for which such forms of family names were used have not been clarified. 144