Rytų aukštaičių vilniškių ilgųjų balsių priegaidžių audicinis tyrimas

Acta Linguistics Lithuanica LIV (2006), 63 - 82 Ryty aukStaiciy vilniskiy longgujy vowels auditory test JoLira URBANAVICIENE Lithuanian Language Institute VytTaAuTas KarpeLis Vilnius University The article describes auditive an investigation into the tones long monophthongs the of north-eastern dialects the in of Vilnius Lithuanian dialect area and presents its results. Four points were singled out for auditive an analysis: Aduti’kis, Svirkos and Vidutiné, situated along the LithuanianBelorussian border, belong the to north-eastern dialects the of Vilnius area; the fourth, Linkmenys, represents transition between a the dialects the of Utena and Vilnius areas and is closer to the former with respect to vocalism. These points have been carefully chosen with the aim subjectively evaluating the auditive of salience tones different points the northeasteof rn part the in of of Vilnius dialect area. In investigating the tones, four minimal pairs with front and back vowels and polyphthongs were chosen. The experiment was carried out groups on auditors of (consisting of seven persons each) from every investigated point. The statistical results were evaluated with the aid the programme of UKR. PAS, which takes the U criterion into account. The main conclusions from the experiment are the following: the investigated points of the north-eastern in Vilnius area complete levelling out tones could established. no of be Only in sundry cases can speak of a we decreased contrast between the tones. The results the of investigation are sensitive set factors with respect to a the auditors: of use dialect, age, education to level, musical hearing. Tones are (1) distinguised of better those (2) auditors who (3) have good command the (4) dialect and realise tone oppositions their own utterances. by a of in The individual distinguishing features the dialect have of influence the identification tones. no on of The salience of tones long in vowels does not depend on the phonetic properties the syllabic nucleus of either. 63 JouitA URBANAVICIENE, VYTAUTAS KARDELIS 1. PRIEGAIDZIU NIVELIACIJOS TENDENCIJOS RYTINESE TARMESE Lietuviy dialektologiniuose darbuose, daugiausia remiantis empiriniais stebéjimais, minima vienabalsiy priegaidziy nykimo tendencija rytinése bei pietinése tarmése miesty 3nekamojoje kalboje (Gerullis xxxiii; ir 1930: LKG 1965: 132; Pakerys 1982: 154; DLKG 2005: 39). It was thought that in the eastern dialects both the monophonic and the biphonic prepositions were generally extinct. 1968 m. J. Kazlauskas wrote: ,To talk about the fact that in the Eastern Aukštaitija dialect the consonants are i8like in crossed diphthongs and long vowels in ir diphthongs ie, is a great achievemenir t. uo There can be no question of any eastern sacrifices now." né (Kazlauskas 2000: 14). Jis sitilé Zodzius kd. Inas, vai.kas ragiti kd. Inas, vai.kas. Later the idea of a complete temporary leveling was abandoned (Zr. Zinkevitius 1974: 93-94; Kosiené 1982: 61-71). Tiek English Language Atlas (LKA, 1982: 125), both chrestomatia Lietuviy pronunciation of Lietuviy (LKT 1970: 37) hold the view that the south-easir tern wildlife (according to the current classification southy aukStaitiai ir easty aukStaitiai vilniSkiai) distinguishes prefixes worse than kapsai zanavykai, but better ir than easty aukstai¢iai. It is believed i8 that all Lithuanian dialects distinguish prepositions best Zemaitiai ir yesterday auk&taitiai. E. Mikalauskaitė- (1975: 80) 's opinion, it is so todél, that Zemai¢iai always pabrézia first sanda ir distinguishes prepositions by the movement of the voice, tone. Si The claim was corrected by experimental A. Research of the ear. It has been found that at least Zemaiciy pregadés differs in the sharpness of the change of the main tone different ir concentration of energy: akito energy concentrated in one sound point changes sharply, circumflex is not sharp, pronounced ir without concentrating 0 energy (Zr. The ears 1974: 186 = 2000: 300; 1996: 82 = 2001: 254; 1998: 38 = 2001: 404; 2003: 272). O distinguish ir well between two-vowel miSriujyu and ar two-vowel prefixes, because the location of the sound is important to them. One-vowel pronoun In these dialects, the movement of the voice from rising to falling — when ir pronouncing — both prepositions is unified, so the strong part goes to the strong part, and vice versa. ir More specifically, the distinctiveness and acoustic jy characteristics of the A. Pakerys (1982: 151-156). He discovered that in one né dialect, the prepositions are not all neutralized. The best prepositions are given to diphthongs ty miSriyjy ar diphthongs that begin with vowels [a], [e]. The worst identified solid wastes are 64 Ryty aukétaiéiy vilniskiy ilgujy balsiy priegaidziy auditory test dziai diphthongs, beginning with [i], [u] (matyt, length to, kad You ir kiréiuotopozje icijoje linke iSlaikyti nejtensa artikuliacija, plg. DLKG 2005: 39). Also barely audible monoftongy poliftongy ir [ie], [uo] prepositional distinctiveness: prepositions are best distinguished in such syllables Zemaiciai, worse yesterday — aukStaitiai kauniSkiai, worst south east — auktaitiai. ir A. Pakerys claims that yesterday- 's auk&tai¢iy ir Earth's momentary brightness depends much less on the quality of the nucleus than on the ar south-east latitude. (Zr. Pakerys 1982: 154). Few studies, especially experimental, are found in the Staigiu vilniskiy patarmés. Based on empirical i8 observations, dialectologists point out that the temporary levelling in the eastern highlands is not uniform. The farther east, the more j the acute circumflex resembles a strong-tailed consonant, ir but in the same eastern regions — In Adygea, Tver, Lazino, Zietela, the — two pregadies are beautifully distinguished (Zinkevitius 1966: 33). Such a trend is confirmed ir by empirical studies in kity periferiniy arealy: In Dievéniskés, Gervétys there are both kir¢iuoty and prieSkirtiniy longgujy balsiy pregaidés (Kardelyté 1975: 13; Mikuléniené, Morkinas 1997: 16; DvZ 2005: XVI). Atliekant kirgiuoty balsiy akustiniy pozimiy eksperimentine analizine viename pakra&tiniy i§ vilni8kiy arealy (Sviroch) it was found that the acutiform circumflex ir monophthongs differ in pozymiy complex: duration 1) (two-pronounced vowels are longer); 2) peak values of the basic ir tone intensity (when pronouncing occlusive vowels, mo ir virSiiné is achieved earlier than by articulating circumflex sounds); quality 3) (strong vowels are more likely to retain their inherent qualities)' (Zr. Urbanaviéiené 2005: 158). Thus, it can be assumed that in the same vilni8kiy area the temporary distinctive brightness may be different: aréiau In the eastern area of Belarus it is brighter, in the western o pale. — Ar &i hypothézé teisinga, can confirm ' Analogi’ka bendrinés kalbos monoftongy prietaikziy acoustic pozymiy tyrima atlikes R. Kudirka (2005: 1-21) I found that eye circumflex vowels differ ir statistically neither in length, nor in the intensity of the basic tone, nor in their formative structure. Only general ir systemic similarities can be observed: circumflex sounds are longer and have a wider range than occlusive vowels. ir Such results can be viewed as a sudden leveling, bidinge city residents (the speakers were chosen from younger age Kaunas residents) For spoken language, appraisal (but plg. DLKG 2005: 39). 65, JOLITA URBANAVICIENE, VYTAUTAS Kardelis only subjective studies auditory — experiments. The purpose of the study described in this article is to: determine (1) how auditors identify the differences in the eye circumflex of their native dialects; ir palyginti skirtingy (2) vilniskiy punkty priegaidziy distinktyvinj ry$kuma. Auditory tests are subjective because they depend heavily on the selected informant (but plg. Pakerys 1982: 154). Be that, differenty patarmiy results, which jtakos have ir tu patarmiy phonetic, phonological and prosodic characteristics, comparison can only be relative. However, such experiments provide authentic data about the auditory perception of the dialect by the user. Auditory perception complements objective ir instrumental studies, the — correctness of — phonological o hypotheses is shown by auditory, instrumental ir experiments. ir 2. IMPORTANCE TIRIUM SECTION 1 PHONETINES PROPERTY Audit was performed on four points of the premises. Three iS Six points - Adutiskio, Svirky ir Viditinés — i8sidéste palei Lietuvos ir Belarusian border, belongs Narrow east vilniSkiams, o fourth — Liikmeny is — uteniskiy vilniskiy ir patarmiy sandiroje vocalism ir atzhlyu closer to uteni&kiams’ (Zr. 1 Figure 1. ). Such different locations were chosen deliberately in order to subjectively assess the temporary auditory clarity of several places of the council. Areas where the points are studied differ from each other in the quality and quantity of vocalism, as well as in some features of consonantism. The town is located in the district of Svendborg (Svendborg Amt). Long, semi-longitudinal reflexes of the lower limbs, e.g. o kdSe, maintained in —- the crossed position, not in the crossed position. @ ,.ko&8é (verb)*, ka.stuvu,- koStuvu‘, kni-ga.s,knygos‘, nerd ,here'. Svirky areale (uZima didziaja dalj "Adutis parochies, Svenéioniy r.)" (in Lithuanian). These reflexes are diphthongiz- — ed verbally [ie/‘e], [“9-], e.g. : k*dSe. .kosé (step), sir.v"2.i,soil’, k"3.min"2. ~ chemino ’kamino’, niera ,here'. In cross position * There's a vote going on in this unranked position e: ir ieneutralization, plg. : pfe-nas pe.né.li.s : 66 Ryty aukétaiéiy vilnidkiy longgujy balsiy privremeniy audicinis tyrimas 1 pay. Naauriniy vilniskiy points: Aduti’kis, Svirkos, Vidutiné ir Linements. Suites Adutiskis < we ace ee — oO. Kamojys BELARUS half-lengths used for passing [i.], [u.] and abbreviations [i], [u]. Vidutinés area (Strinaitio parap., Svenéioniy r.) representatives ne pronounce such tight ir less than labialized bk so narrow [9] ir ne [e-]. In the uncorrected position, Gia also has labialized stenosis [9.] ir [e.], e.g. : no. skoSé (daiktav.)‘, kni-go.i,knygoje‘, ko.stuvd,ko&tuvu’. In this area, the short ones are used in the kirsch position ir [i], [u]. An important phonetic feature is the ir hardened consonant r preS’ uZpakalinés eilés vocalizma, e.g. : Sktrous. Nuo minéty striptease ir In the remote Linkmeny area of Belarus (Ignalinos r.) votes available in the chosen position [9] ir [e], o semi-longitud- - inally not ribbed [a.] ir [e.], e.g.: mo%jus,mojusi‘, subat3i SeStadienj‘, tévas,távas‘ but kni-ga.i,knygoje‘, kd.mina. ’kamino’, te.vé.lis. Be to, Linkmeny area is hunted only by 1-ja ypatybė, t. yprie’ tipo i vokalizma [¢], [d], o ne [c], e.g. : [3], solid.s |ietis (plantas)‘, dif.va,i,dirvoje’, gafdi 'guard'. In the other three study areas, both se hunting characteristics are used. 67 JOLITA URBANAVICIENE, VYTAUTAS KARDELIS 3. SUBJECT AND METHODOLOGY OF THE AUDIO EXPERIMENT Monoftongy prefixes can be attributed to extremely subtiliy fonologiniy reiSkiniy. Auditory experiments are carried out in order to investigate such unstable language elements, the existence of which is not perceived by all speakers and not realized by all. This is to determine whether the dialect representatives themselves (in this case —auditors) distinguish a certain language from hearing. During this study, the peculiarities of the vilniskiy council were considered: auditory experiments were conducted by the narrator of each point separately. The processed and prepared data were presented to different audience groups representing four points of interest. 4 minimal pairs with preand postverbal, monophonic and polyphonic sounds were selected for the pretemporal study. Worked with universal pairs suitable for all four points. Only a pair [k3-se.: k3-Se.], after discovering that both of its members are solid, Linkmeny point had to be replaced by a pair [m3jus: m3jus]. The subjects were asked to insert short, clearly defined, three-word dialect sentences, where phonetic differences are also clearly visible, cf. : Adutiskio point nearby runs in summer. : dt:mai ritksta ig k3.mina. Sktfous if _kitu. : kni-ga.s skiFous ne-ra pienu. ké-Se. Stuvu: bi.lbu. k&Se. garsi 3ir.va.i kie-cis d.uga * Experimental commutation (English) commutation test) pioneer — L. Hjemslevas (Hjelmslev 1935). The methodology of gauty data evaluation has been improved M. K. Jensen (Jensen 1961). V. Labovas (Labov 1972) commutation method applied to psychophonetic phenomena. The formulas according to which analogous biomedical research is carried out, Zr. ir Urbach (1975). In Lithuania audiciniy experimenty methodology for phonetic studies pritaiké VU Experimental Phonetics Laboratory, led by A. Hearing. Such methodology is often used to analyze various Lithuanian dialectal phenomena, — e.g., kupiskénu monoftongy prepositions (Zr. Eidukaitiené 1977), uteniskiy priegaidZiy oppositiona dvigarsinése galiinése (Zr. Kosiené 1979), Narrow panevéziskiy murmamuosius balsius (zr. KaciuSkiené 1983), uteniSkiy fonologinj Salutinj kirtj (Zr. Kosiené, Girdenis 1979 = Girdenis 2000b: 141-152). I§ The latest research suggests that (Leskauskaite 2004: 192-194) ir vakary aukStai¢iy Siauliskiy (Kazlauskaité 2002: 144-145) Experiments in the field of textiles. 68 Ryty aukStaigiy vilniskiy igujy balsiy priegaidziy auditional examination Svirky point milk ritksta va.saru. : di-mai ritksto if k'3.min"9. ritbais skifous is_kitl. : kni'g's.s Skifous kidney milk. K'3-Se. k'.stuvil: bii.lbu. k*5Se. gaFgi 3if.v'0,i kie-cis d.uga: geelaziés kié-cis neispasaki-tas Middle point milk ri-ksta vd.saru. :di:may happen if kd.mino. ritbais ské:rous i§_kitu. : kni-go,i Skérous nera pienu. k5-Se. ko. Stuvtl: bui.lbu. k5-Se. gar zi gif.vo.j kie-cis d.uga: gelaziés kié-cis neispasaki-tas Linkmeny punktas pienas ntksta va.saru. : di:mai ritksta if kd.mina. ritbais Skt-fous i§ kit. : kni-ga,j Skifous nerd nuvé: m3jus runkit: subat3:i m3jus bu.va. dif.va,j kieti.s d.uga: gelazés kié-ti.s neijpasaki-tas The representative of each point (in this case — the narrator) had to repeat the given sentences 5 times: dialectically, in neutral intonation, at a normal pace, crossing the phrases, pabréZing the middle of the Word. (1) older generation of local residents (born 1933-1936), whose dialect is as little as possible influenced by common language, and whose articulation is fairly clear; (2) are men, because the low voice is better distinguished by the hearing (male voices are also more suitable for spectral analysis — they have more harmonics than females, z Girdenis 2003: 62, 15 i8n.); (3) sésly, all their lives Zmonés lived in one village. The media in Adutis was led by B. G. (b. 1935 in Adutis, Svenéioniy r.), the narrator in Svirky was L. M. (b. 1935 in Kackonigj k., Svenéioniy r.), in Vidutiné the sentences were read by J. V. (b. 1936 in Karklinés k., Svenéioniy ¥.)5\0 In Linkmenys - P. K. (b. 1933 in Linkmeny k., Ignalina r.). The media was recorded on a SONY recorder with a directional microphone, and then transferred to a computer. * Sentences are created by repetition: the narrator is told the sentence in his native dialect and he repeats the phrase 5 times. The repetition of the sentence avoids non-natural intonation that occurs when reading the text. In addition, it is more difficult for older speakers to read the text than to repeat it. 69 JOLITA URBANAVICIENE, VYTAUTAS KARDELIS Using the program PRAAT4.1.27 fraziy iSkirpti i8 central Words. Su They are pairs 10 where the words are randomly sorted in a table (Zr. Girdenis 2003: 378-381). If an odd divisor is found in the table, it is written in another form (e.g.: riksta), if the even noun in the first pair is put in circumflex — form (e.g., ripples). For example: : ri-ksta ,riiksta‘ — rivksta,- rigsta‘, ritksta,- riksta‘ — ni-ksta ugsta‘, rirksta,- riiksta‘ — rit-ksta ugsta’, rivksta,- riigsta‘ — ritksta,- riiksta‘, ritksta,- riksta‘ — ri-ksta rugsta‘, rivksta,- rigsta‘ — ritksta,- riiksta‘, ni-ksta ugsta’ — ritksta,- riiksta‘, ri-ksta uksta‘ — ritksta,- riigsta‘, rii-ksta,- riigsta‘ — ritksta,- riksta‘, ri-ksta rugsta‘ — ri-ksta ’appropriate’. Through the years ,,blocks“ were the sentences in which i§ the pairs were separated. Each speaker's ZodZies were subdivided separately. The so prepared medZiaga was left in the computer, because the re-recording magnetofong j distorted the sound quality’. Auditory experiments were carried out with a laptop®. su The work was continued su in auditoriy groups; ju Everyone 7 is a human being. Auditors had to listen to the ZodZiy pairs presented ir to determine which sentence is audible Zod belongs. The listeners were given sheets of semi-dialectal su writing with sentences (they were numbered: or 1 2). First sentences ty were allowed to 0 po to be listened to, only words were given in pairs. The auditors had to determine if which sentence was taken the first pair Zodis, i$ kurio — antrasis (Zyméjo skaitiéiais). The auditors of the experiment were selected from the ir younger middle generation of Zmonés. There was also respect for jy education (especially philological- ), music ar singing experience and relationship in the su native dialect. It is believed that These factors may affect the results of the experiment. > K. GarSva has a different methodology of auditory research: it is enough to naturally understand one So give the ir auditors a choice, which member of j the minimum pair is more similar. According to the author, when homonyms of different meanings are next to each other, the phonetic ir (Zr. Gar$va 2004: 25). ° Before personal computers were available, the narrator was directly involved in auditory experiments: he spoke pairs ir of phrases written on sheets, and the auditors marked which phrase ir corresponded 0 to which word. Zod belongs. Modern possibilities allowed to avoid direct contact between the speaker's audience, so the speaker ir himself can be participate in the experiment as an auditor ir (plg. Girdenis 2003: 62-63). 70 Rytu aukétaiziy vilmiskiy ilgujy balsiy priegaidziy auditory examination TraSyty pory In Adutisyje listened to locals (or ig Adutigkio kile) dialect-speaking population: R. G. (g. 1939 m.), A. G. (g. 1964 m.), D. G. (g. 1969 m.), I. G. (g. 1972 m.), D. G. (g. 1973 m.), S. G. (g. 1988 m.) ir I. G. (g. 1994 m.). The Aditis auditorium group is extremely musical, as — many as five of the experiment’s participants have experience of ar singing music. Du Listeners have the highest education, one i8 jy is a graduated philologé. The Svirky group consists of representatives of the Svirky dialect, ir born and raised in the Svirky area (or its i8 iisikele), well-known dialects. Thai V. M. (g. 1935 m.), alive. Svirose; V. G. (g. 1968 m.), kilusi i& Kackoniy k., živ. in Vilnius; T. R. (g. 1969 m.), kilusi if Kackoniy k., živ. Sweenionyx; R. S. (g. 1969 m.), kilusi i8 Kackoniy k., živ. in Vilnius; R. P. (g. 1972 m.), alive. Svirose; G. J. (g. 1972 m.), alive. Svirose; V. N. (g. 1973 m.), kilusi i§ Kackoniy k., živ. In Vilnius. Five auditors are well versed in dialect, constantly ja use, although three i§ ju He currently lives in the city. Still du listeners are permanent The k. language of the village is jy Svirsky, but the dialect is strongly influenced by the common language. Three of the experiment participants have graduated from high schools, one i8 ju — lituanists. One auditor advised to have a refined musical hearing. Four residents of Vidutiné village participated in the hearing experiment — E. P. (g. 1940 m.), J. M. (g. 1940 m.), J. B. (g. 1935 m.), B. J. (g. 1939 m.) - ir three adjacent — Represe- — ntatives of the village of Karkliné : R. M. (g. 1974 m.), A. J. (g. 1961 m., currently living in Vilnius), I. C. (g. 1945 m.). All the participants in the experiment speak dialects. The students have higher education 4 diplomas, one i8 jy Lithuanian. — One of i8 the audiences had a musical hearing. Link menus groupé — Gia gime auge ir auditors V. P. (g. 1972 m.), D. A. (g. 1972 m.), N. A. (g. 1973 m.), D. P. (g. 1974 m.), G. K. (g. 1976 m.), J. K. (g. 1978 m.) ir D. K. (g. 1981 m.). Everyone speaks dialect well. The four participants of the experiment living in Liepaja use the dialect regularly. Three listeners now live in Visaginas, Utena ir In Vilnius, tatau dialect iSlaike well ir ja dagnai speaks. Du auditors have graduated from high schools (one ju —lituanisté), three have secondary vocational education, have higher du education. Educational audiologists indicated no. 71 JoLitA URBANAVICIENE, VyTAUTAS KaRDELIS but better than the representatives of Vidutiné, the listeners of Svirky and Linkmeny group recognized the preludes. Interestingly, the overall percentage of positive responses (67.1%) is close to the results of the analogous experiment of Uteniskiy — 68.2% (see Kosiené 1982: 68). Thus, the hypothesis stated at the beginning of the article, that the areas in the vicinity of Utena and Vilnius could be more leveled, is unfounded. It can only be assumed that the temporary auditory clarity may be lower in the southern, or more south-western, upper vilniskiy area. The South-Eastern dialects auditively recognised only 50-56% of the presented pairs (cf. Leskauskaité 2004: 192-194), thus, it is possible to speak about the tendency of the sudden leveling and the absence of phonologically significant difference in the South-Eastern dialects. 11. SUMMARY After discussing the results of the experiment, we can say some general conclusions. The results of auditory experiments depend on both the speaker and the audience. Since the speakers were selected from the same dialect users in all respects, it is likely that the auditors and the speakers were the ones who achieved the best results in the experiment. education; the use of dialect; music hearing. The influence of musical hearing on the preliminary study is noticeable, because iSlavinta hearing helps to feel more voice tone modulations. Age and educational background also influenced the results of the experiment: auditors of younger age (probably with lower sensitivity of hearing) were more sensitive to the differences between the ears than older participants. Auditors with higher education are able to concentrate better and define differences more accurately. But it was most clearly seen that active dialect-users and those who realize the investigated phenomena in their own language (even regardless of age and education) are more sensitive to differences than those whose language is influenced by common language (the fact that listeners distinguish the features of their own language best is found in Clark, Yallop 2002: 232). Thus, all the factors listed more or less influenced the results of the auditory experiment. °° Also see other dialect data: yesterday the three victims identified three pairs of two very well (69-76% correct answers, u>u,,,,,%r. Kazlauskarté 2002: 145). In the morning, the respondents gave 64-65% correct answers (@r. Eidukaitiené 1977: 23). 78 Rytyu aukStaiciy vilniskiy ilguju balsiy priegaidZiy audicinis tyrimas When comparing prepositions in syllables with monophthongs and polyphthongs, it is not observed that the distinctiveness of the preposition depends on the phonetic base of the syllable. Audiological examination of the upper and middle ears gave the impression that low frequency ears are better distinguished than vowels in the high frequency area. However, Svirky and Linkmeny’s data did not confirm this assumption: Svirky people identified words with the pre-Sakinés vowels [Ski-frous, kie-cis] better than the linkmeniSkiai with [u:] and [ie]. Quite different results might be obtained by studying the diphthongs miSriyjy and biSriyjy (cf. Pakerys 1982: 156). The results of the experiment may also be influenced by the characteristics of the phonological system. For example, Svirces prefer to separate the pair [kie-cis: kié-cis], because the degree of diphthongation of the polyphonic [ie] is different. AdutiScieciai couple [kd-Se.: ka@-Se.] differentiated according to uneven labialization —circumflex vowel is peeling stronger. However, even this factor —phonological peculiarities- —is not absolute, because the Svirks did not distinguish pairs [k“d-S'e.: k"3-Se.] according to diphthongation, and the representatives of the Middle area did not recognize pairs [Ski-rous: Skiraus] according to different [r] depalatalization. However, even the representatives of three areas (except Svirgas) best distinguished a pair [riksta: ri-ksta], which has no distinctive phonetic features. Having discussed the various trends, it should be emphasized once again that the article describes a subjective experiment, the data of which were analyzed by objective statistical methods. It is not excluded the assumption that when gathering other audiencey groups results galéty slightly — differ. Be to, - atlikty experimenty imtys néra didelés. It is preferable not to deepen in one point, but to compare various arealy data. Todél The conclusions of this experiment should be considered as hypotheses for further investigation: (1) In the extended coastal areas of the Narrow East Altitudes of Vilnius, no complete temporary leveling was observed. Temporary reconciliation can be discussed only in individual cases. (2) The results of the auditory experiment are determined by a set of factors that affect the auditor: amZius; iEducation; Musical hearing. (3) 1) Adverbs are better 2) distinguished 3) by those 4) auditors who are well versed in dialect and who themselves realize the opposition of adverbs in their speech acts. Distinctive arealy 79 Your URBANIST, VYTAUTAS KARDELIS does not have the characteristics for temporary identification. 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