Pastabos dėl Marijampolės krašto vietovardžių tyrimų

Acta Linguistica Lithuanica LVI (2007), 103 -116 Remarks Remarks Remarks del Marijampolés kraSto vietovardziy tyrimy 1. | difficult toponymic bars comes young working generation. This is a pleasure for everyone who is at least slightly interested in the area of lexis, which has always been highly valued by linguists. Especially much is expected in the study of small toponyms, in which the light of science can be brought to completely new facts of language. However, the reader, who has not found another known to him place name where such type of place names are examined, has various questions: what is considered a true toponym, how are place names of one region distinguished from other place names, is the study area sufficiently defined, is it possible to orient where is the given toponym? The question was answered by a man from Mariupol, who carefully reviewed two articles about the local names of the region. In the first daruZsimota discuss all be In the first one, the toponyms of Marijampoles 2005), province (Sviderskiene and in the second one, only the toponyms of Marijampoles county (Sviderskiene 2006) are studied. In both works the same path of toponymy construction analysis is chosen —pronouns are grouped according to the type of Word they belong to, and according to construction modes. Thus, we are following well-known paths, the direction of which is clearly provided in the works of Alexander Vanagas, who studied Lithuanian hydronyms (see Vanagas 1970; 1984). Dalia Sviderskiené also uses statistical data, and in the second article she attempts to compare the names of villages in distant areas of Lithuania (Sviderskiené 2006: 58-59). The origin of the specific placename and the group of authors are almost unquestionable. In this regard, in a different perspective, it is worthwhile to give some considerations about how toponyms are distinguished from generic words and what the current detailed division of onimy by objects can be considered as a triviality (see 1.1). 1.1. Dél toponym concept and toponimy distribution In detailed toponymy descriptions and studies we often seek an explanation of what is practically considered a toponym. When dealing with small object names, i§ 103 Notes truly so ne easy to determine where is the general Zodis — riginis (nomenklatural) name of a place, where there is o already a true aiSkus toponym. — For example, as determined, the ar double means a normal doubled place, a ar special, a certain place - Double? When there is an alder o tree, when already Alksnyno, when only paeSeré, o when only tikriné Paegzeré? Teke see dozens of peat mines, t. y. wells of su water, i§ where peat is ar mined, ir né one Peatlands - are unique, certain places where peat was once mined. We do not deny that such a real name cannot exist. In the articles in question These things are not discussed. Autoré blindly relies only on The Lithuanian Language Institute holds the Historical Place Names File (Sviderskiené 2005: 91-94; 2006: 52). That record, no — be doubt, an invaluable treasure of ir the nation state, taGiau ar j ji Rackets ‘it’s like an icon not to i think that there can be — omitted, inaccurate, not quite reliable facts. ar ne The basis of the file consists of 20th Completed questionnaires of ir forestry teachers of the 1930s. Differentiate place names from general names everywhere Zodiio ar exactly put them in the galéje of i that place kile teachers foresters ar or greatly responsible care ir These professional workers, ne generation in the country of i§ which the completed questionnaires are provided. ne Probably every forester galéjes well Know the names of some of the uz forests within a few kilometres of your forestry. jy Most of the localities are not listed in the maps. O It's not-- The name of the place, which may be a misnomer, is always ar distinguished from the general name of the place. The author of the article, apparently, did not have the opportunity to organize an expedition to the area where the ji toponyms are studied, and she has clearly acknowledged this even in the title of her work, ir stating that everything is examined only on the se basis of the data of the aforementioned Cartography. Ne quite purpose to compare alone Drimonimy of Marijampolés county based on the data of the archive (miskavardziy) study results su Mickienés (Mickiené 2004) TelSiy district ty paciy objects aprasu, because For four years, Mickiene has been organizing special expeditions in her district, in which she has collected more than half of all the addressed place names. 1.1.1. Distinguish real name from generic name (appellative) can help some grammatical meanings of syllabic. ir Ir the author of the article mentions that many of the names of places of residence have only the plural (it is pluralia tantum), plg. : Amalvikiai, Prienai, Sakiai. Rarer plural names of residential ne places: Beavers ez., Lakajai e%., Dry pv. (prie Dauksiy). Some of the actual toponyms may be singular (singuliaria tantum), e.g. settlements Liubdvas, Padovinys, Sasnava, Silavétas ..., ir other placenames: Jevonis 104 Notes up., Slavanta up., Alksnynas mi. ir kt So Alksnynas m8., Berzynas mé., virte real toponyms, has only singular in this differs from ir alksnynas alksnynai, berzynas berzynai. — — Daddy, when Gia uses both number forms, when — only one, ai8kiai can say only place People. Ne In one Snekta, the true name is separated from the generic by the place of the kiréi only by the pronunciation. ar Marijampoliskai general adverbs -ynas leads ki¢ri¢s as ir b. k. - solids ir Cia kirtis neSokinéja (1st edition). O toponyms are most likely used synonymosu usly by elsewhere moved ar kiréy of at least another kiréiuotés, e.g. kdlnas, mountain, but Kainynai k., Kalniské mé., reed reed, but — Nendrynat (3) pv. Panagy kilnojama kirtj shows ir authorés provided names of places of residence: ParSeliat (: parvélis), St. Petersburg (:pvd. St. Petersburg), Sestokai (:pvd. Sestékas) (Sviderskiené 2005: 100). The position of the pronoun kiréi may not even coincide with In the multi-numeric nominative, plg. Kybartas — Kybartai (Seimo vard.), but locally — Kybdrt. Presenting most toponimy nekirdiuoty, the author could not specify ir Siy toponimy kształtowania procesy. However, many ty toponyms rebelled in the latest In this area Zodynuose (Razmukaite, Vitkauskas (Sud.) 1999; Pupkis et ir al. (red., sud.) 2002). 1.1.2. Derétu jZvezgti ir semantic toponymy daryba —improve methoning (metaforine) toponimo raida i8 bendriniy ar kity tikriniy Zodziy, e.g., Blusyné drb. 2., Kakta dr., Kepuré pv., Sendvé dr., pv. ir kt (Sviderskiené 2005: 103). Perhaps su some Vedic or Jain texts may be associated with ir this semantic construction Kakariekine mi., Silak6jis m8, Zoméiakalnis mé ir Sir. (Sviderskiené 2006: 54). 2. Toponimy selection and presentation The authors of the article in question have tried both main methods of presenting the placename selection arealinj ir — (Sviderskié 2005) ir objektinj (t. y. toponimy grouping by named objects) (Sviderskiené 2006). In fact, in one of her other works, these ir two styles are combined. Furthermore, the methods of ir artificial breeding and analysis are used. What matters is where priority is given. The first article is only called arealic, because Gia toponyms are first restricted Marijampole Municipality (Sviderskiené 2005: 91-118). Bet ir The following place names are presented according to three main types of named objects: water names, names of residential places 1) 2) ir 3) Toponyms indicating the name of a place. The latter j are not grouped with smaller onims. The main pillar of the second article — objective- -type drilling (miSkavardziai), but Here they are taken only i8 from a certain, but already large range (Marijampoleés aps105 Notes fallen) (Sviderskiené 2006: 49-62). Furthermore, Gia toponyms are studied according to their origin and origin. The author does not explain why she has made a shift from the arealine to the objective basis. This path was probably chosen not so much on the basis of Alexander Vanag’s extensive study of water names (Vanag 1970), as following the example of his current colleagues: baly and pelkiy vardy (helonimy — Bilkis 1998), keliy and taky (hodonimy — Mickiené 2002), misky vardy (drimonimy — Mickiené 2004), dirvy and lauky vardy (agronimy — Endzelyté 2004) and so on. It is useful to select toponymy both by area and by named objects, and also to combine both ways. Each byte has its own advantages and disadvantages or poses certain problems. Arealiné place-name selection iReduces the distinctive features of toponymy and origin typical of a particular region, which are usually determined by ethnic origin. However, they are displaced by toponymic features, useful object types and links to the process of name formation. The latter trends are helped to reveal by the choice and presentation of the second type of place names, but it leaves in the SeSly what is typical only for that region, for a particular Snekta or even for the whole dialect, and most importantly — various onimy commons, the dependence of one object name on another, cf. Amalvas ez., Amalvé up., Amalviskiai k. If place names are selected and presented according to small objects, the greatest dangers threaten small and very small toponymy. What are the dangers? One name can be called peat, meadow, pastures and still in that area can grow some woody bushes. ar Which onion does it belong to? The most prominent example of such a location — Zuvinto palios (Zr. 4.2). They are divided into 8 subspecies and 8 subspecies. Local people consider them more like mi8ku than some marshes (Zr. 3.2). O jy inside are ir auk3tuméliy ir meadows, ir aiskiy berzy pusy ar girai¢iy, which vél have their own names. Ar them all will gather ir will present all Is there any one-man investigation of Lithuania? If the same toponym gets two or three definitions, there ar is little differen- - ce. It is a huge loss for linguistics when they get lost between several names, which will be interpreted differently by the researchers. ir , "Land". That this ne i§ first broken fear, as can be seen from the list of i3 toponyms spread by the author (see Appendix). In our opinion, settlements, water names and maybe even big mi8ky names, types of work, it is useful to discuss all ju ir On the scale ar of a large region of Lithuania, o the smallest toponyms ir are better presented according to the small areas of former villages, parishes and — village councils. ar Smaller area smaller sized selection 106 Notes without additional local human information and as much as possible using additional Saltiniy data are difficult to understand. When researching forest names, it is necessary to carefully review many forestry and land management works, which describe the selected area. Unfortunately, you printed Saltiniy using maZokai (page 5.) Place names of Marijampoles county, their presentation and localization In the interwar Lithuania of the 1930s, Marijampoles county was one of the 13 counties of Marijampoles county. It was bordered by the provinces of Ludvinavas, Kalvarija, Sasnava and IgliSkéliy, and in the west by the province of Gizy in Vilkaviskis district. In Soviet times not only the municipality of Marijampole was lost, but there were no districts named after Siuo (later the name of Kapsuko was imposed on Marijampole itself). Thus, in localizing the place names of the country, relying on the Soviet administrative division (ie ATSZ), as attempted in Dalia Sviderskienė’s first work (2005), is quite risky. The author does not specify the borders of the former Marijampoles province. And the simplest iSeitis bitty present any laiky Marijampolés valstiaus zemélapi. In the first work the water reservoirs of Marijampoles province are discussed primarily according to their origin and construction (Sviderskiene 2005: 99-108). This has a good support —Lietuvos hidronimy etymology Zodynas, edited by Aleksandras Vanagas, (Vanagas 1981). But in the Zodyak only the names of the rivers and lakes are mentioned. Dalia Sviderskiene is interested in much more — she knows the names of pools, ponds, kidry and Saltiniy, even the names of ditches, in which water does not always flow. All these smaller toponyms are put together with the names of rivers and lakes and together they form groups according to their origin and formation. Baly, tvenkiniy, etc. names the author had to read independently, only sometimes referred to the study of LaimuCas Bilkis, who understood hydronyms as well (Bilkis 1998). In some places the author is mistaken, e.g. Svendryné kdr. appeared among the first names, although Gia has the same suffix -yné as Marm-yné b. (Sviderskiené 2005: 94-95). Regardless of the names of localities in the database, the author had to replace the foreign words in the definitions with Lithuanian equivalents: (priidas tvenkinys, ravas —status griovys). What is different when the toponym itself has such a strange name, e.g. Pride (Ibid. 94). Unbelief is the explanation of the binding Bioziné: to associate the name of §j with the,,Soviet name of a rich believer‘ (cf. such a last meaning of the word, referred to in “DLKZ, 94) — doublely inaccurate. One, in marijampoliski, Zinomas, a plant associated with mosquitoes, containéio thick soft skin, the name biozé,,wolkuodegé“ (cf. 2LKZ, 1169); second, 107 Notes btioz%é as a condemnatory name of a rich immigrant appeared only in the Soviet era. Raistas Buioziné means,,the place where the plant buoziy grows“. tu — Between sudurtiniy vandenvardziy there is a lack to of influences of kra8to su stream — Uosupelis (Zr. Igiinas 1995). O as the only suffix -anta guide given river name Slavanta, although that river i8 flows in the east j Amalvo eZera, This place will o never be Marijampolés vals¢ius. Unfortunately, the existing ir missing place names are — confusing. Marijampoles former villages, which later became part of the city, are: Degitéiai, Kvietizkis, Kumelionys, Liepynai, Mokolai, Tarpiciai (although mentioned Tarpuciy fort), further from the city is Trakiskiy k.; maybe there's another place not mentioned. The worst localization issues. Most pools, ponds, meadows, soils, arable land, peatlands, etc. ir object location not specified at all, e.g. : Degimas b., Suniabalé b., Alksna d, Bedruské ar., pv., Dubioji pv., Géraité gn., m8., Kilios pVv., Sénkalis kl., ZaFdis gn. Zidgis pv. ir kt Jy unable to identify how ir New Cemetery, Old Cemetery, Cemetery Creek, Sédo Creek, no one knows which cemetery, — whose garden. Here, apparently, we are talking about Marijampolės city cemetery, city garden, but it is not specified. Cemeteries had every baZnytkaimis larger village, gardens even in the ar There were many in Marienpol. It is customary to indicate where i the river flows (plg. Savukynas ir et al. 1963), it also helps esordj localize. We are at work ir i it is ignored. Any laymen Marijampoles valstiaus syvenamyjy viety references are sometimes misunderstoar od simply misleading, e.g., Naftas k. LDVN — Luudvinavo villages were separate. Babaliné k., Vysnialaukis has a k. reference PDVN ~ A servant, who also asked questions to Ludwig the Waltz. How Gia atsidiré Se&toky railway station i§ Krosno State ar Department, Ridiskés k. i8 A beautiful waltz, hard to grasp. Localization abbreviations include ir Vilkavi8kio apskrities Graiiskius, Rasiiis, net ir Lazdijis, Prienus (ibid. 115), which give nothing to Marijampoles waltz. It does not include a location in the ir name of the place of residence. be Perhaps this is not expected when the names of large villages are given, but when the lists of toponyms mention farms, villages, parts of villages, etc., the reader of the localization will not get caught up, for example, in such settlements: ir Abromyne sod., Birbyné sod., be Kailyné vs., Kleinyné vs., Palaikyne sod. su ir Mr. 4.1. Within the territory of Marijampolė ir County 4.1.1. At the moment Marijampolés apskritis bigger than the former interwar in Lithuania; extremely important that the current Marijampoles county territory has significantly shifted j 108 Notes on the West ir Narrowly — encompair sses the former Vilkaviskio, Sakiu county territory. On the other hand, the area of the territory of Prieny district belonging to the former Marijampolés district is now Kaunas County. The southern part of the former Marijampole County was incorporated into the Alytus District. The present Kalvarija ir Kazly The territory of Riida municipality belonged to the interwar Lithuanian Marijampolė county. All this reflects in determiniir ng which i8 areas were collected drimmings (miSkavardiZiai) ir specifying individual misky localization. 4.1.2. Localization of watersheds (miskavardZiai) in ir jy Marijampolés county Misky vardu (Dreaming, lit. »miskavardziy) research traditions are rather weak. Recently, only one other linguistic apra’as of this area has been published (Mickiené 2001, Mickiene 2004). Thus, ir discussing the drowsiness of the former Marijampolés county, Sviderskiene susidiré su nemalZa sunkumu. The change of the edge of this area ir is not the most complicated thing, although despite toponimy jo selection, accounting localization ju can ir considerably leverage one i ar j the other side. Bigger problems, not discussed in the work at all, are how to distinguish misky names from pelkiy, peat, pasykly etc. in specific cases. ir objects names; to ar include some of the names, the names of meadows, ysalaidiy*, roads, paths, hills? How do I specify all jy localization? Handling everywhere such even the smallest local names, it is hardly possible to rely even ar on constant additional ir wealth. ir a Local Names Database. The greatest surprise is that in the work are mentioned only three other local i§ names of the forests (Sviderskiené 2006: 55). Where disappeared such a structure diziausiy Marijampolés mi8ku ar yy massive names — Buktos Forest, Kazlij Ridés miskai, Prieny Silas? They are provided by all physiographic Lietuvos Potatoes (Zr. e.g., Suvalkijos kraštas, 2003), encyclopedic works (Kviklys 1996) ir kt The scope of the remarks does not allow for a more detailed discussion of the problems su related to all of the above-mentioned squadrons. We take only one noteby the author well known Zavinto paliy case, which may alter other miSkavarddiiais related ir differences. su Kad Marijampolės drimonimy aprage Zuvinto palios neminimos (Zr. Sviderskiené 2006: 49-62), may be due to one of two reasons: the ik perception of the (1) territory of the area, ir (2) These other ir paliy names are not related to drimonims, su misky t. y. names. 4.1.3, Already mentioned (Zr. 3.1), that the territory of the interwar Lithuanian Marijampoles county in several places extended further south than j we have now. Boundaries of Sias County su 109 Notes Alytus County is located through Zuvinto eZera —Nauries and Siaures parts of eZera in the west and east belong to Marijampoles district. It was inseparable from her and from that half of Zuvinto eZera rounded pails. Only a few decades ago, after the center of Zuvinto reserve was moved to the southern side of Zuvinto, the entire Zuvinto plain and the meadows near it were transferred to Alytus district. Now the border of this county is moved near Daukgiy —j from the old capsy inhabited and controlled places. Strangely enough, in the linguistic place-names the definitions are not forgotten at all. 4.1.4. Probably Ziwinto first name in Sviderskienés apra’a did not come dél without any deliberately adopted position that first names with drimonimais (misnomers) have nothing to do. But how then to explain that in the hidden Lithuanian forest directory, compiled by ir the forestry itself, the names of forests are given as Pdliy Balos (in Buktos forestry of Marijampolės district and Urėdija) and Paliy msk. (Prieny district and urédia N. Utas forestry) (Brukas et al. 1994: 163)? Abu The villages mentioned above belonged to the Marijampole county. Palios msk. Also mentioned in the Zodyn in the Staly forestry of the Veisieji urédia of the Lazdiji district (Ibid.). No palias autorés not interested even not ir considered, in their titles ar §{ Zodj turincios markés (balos?) néra natimos su miSkais; apparently very firmly jtikéeta Laimu¢io Bilkis’s extremely broad concept of a holonym (pelkévardzio) (Zr. Bilkis 1997: 40-43). O aiSkintis need du things: (1) kodél name Zivinto pdlios (0 ne (1) why is the name of the marshes (markés) used in many cartographical, encyclopedic and other works, (2) why is the name of the marshes so often used by local Zmonés, since it is not identical with the marshes, and even less with the marshes? 4.1.5. The name Ziwinto paliy appears in many of the interwar Lithuanian land maps, and is usually drawn in the same color as the miskai. $j name is also found in the West published Zemélapiy tikriniy vardy specialist Antano In the lists of placenames added by Salis (Salys 1983: 266, 569). Today, in the language of the locality, the name Zawvinto paliy is also written neiSnykes. (Zr. Razmukaite, Vitkauskas 1994: 220; Pupkis et ir al. (red., sud.) 2002: 447); true, Gia is accompanied by the clarification,,melkés“ or ,,melkés ir pettynas’. Zivinto palids (with the hint that local Zmonés call them simply Pdlios) apra’o Boston iSleista Lietuviy enciklopedija with some additional paliy daliy names (1966: t. 35, 434) ir su (1960: t. 21, 420) ir other encyclopedic works. Especially extensively about palias speak B. Kviklys (Blinking) 1996: 193-200). All the palias together su Zuvinto lake picturesquely ir discussed in great detail T. Zubavicius (1978), ir presented in multiples It's a place name. 110 Notes In addition, the new encyclopaedia also includes a list of all of the 100 most important encyclopedias in the world. The names of some of the lakes are scattered in a fairly detailed ir tourist map. Suvalkijos kraštas (Gia referred to many kity ir drobkiy mikavardziy). In the territory of Zuvinto reserve we find Buktos swamp, j west of it Buktos miskq, further i south Zero link — Paliy Baly miskq, 0 deSinéje Half of the river Dovina — already Zuvinto pelké. A few uz more kilometej rs east of Igliaukos — Paliy peat, of which Narrowed pusé prie Slavantos upés — Old dish. At least it's a marble! Palios becomes a separate démen of the Sudeten term, ir completely replaced by other named démen pelkes, balos. 4.1.6. Daukgiy kra8to People, per year Zuvinto marsh berries, mushrooms, meadows ir 1944-50 Partisans in close combat against the occupiers, saw a few tu casualties ir jy Daliy Vardy. Zuvinto palios were called ir By this name, ir Great Palios ir simply I'll be there. Jy internal parts having several separate names — Lygés, Dégsnés, Berzukai, Pusélés, in the countryside — Skabyty salaité, PuSynas (Puyné), ISdagas, Sdlos... Ar are the parts of the marshes bearing the names of the meadows to be regarded as ordinary marshes? De&inéje ty Dovines puséje paciy Zuvinto paliy taxa by villages, kuriy paSonéje they exist, was Dauksii{pdlios su Raistu ir su Burbuliij salaité, southeast j — Vidgiréliy (Dauksiq) giria ar pdlios, dar sutiau - Mykonos will be destroyed, Rieti will be destroyed. Lidli8kio, Plyniy ir i8 Part 1 Dauk'iy villages Zuvinto palias distance from kelekilomta etry j Closed thumbnail Amalfi Coast, whose southern coast was called ir Plyniy returned. Sometimes all Amalfi Palia, distinguished from Didziujy (Zuvinto) paliu, were called Palaetemis. Paliy ir palaigiy prieSprie’a was known ir Vincui Mykolaieiui-Putinui (Zr. LKZ,, 265), because jo the mother was descended from i§ Amalviskiy. Pyniy Palaiy Habitats in the narrow coast Kavaliaiisko Silelis ir Intersection Silelis (zr. Brizgys 1993: 14; Labutis 2002: 173). For local people paliy name was common — maybe i8 originally as real Zuvinto paliy name — Pelios' (pluralia tantum). Zodis marshes, it seems, is coming new, atneStas ezers kity srigiy ar specialisty. O palias in ar general marshes, called swamps, can only be quite despite daukSiskiy Snektos Human languages: paliy (or pelkiy) they do not confuse su the main The meaning — of the word ball — ,,valka, clan, a small open body of water where water is visible on the surface*. By the way, Zodynai does not provide plural palios ‘ is, apparently, an old stiduviy jotvingiy name ir mentioned in one kryZ1uogiy ir keliy aprage so unforgivable push paSalj - change more general jj reikimés j ir I think the ar marshes are even — worse. The word pdlios is used only in the plural, it is pélké pélkés ne ~ ir ne Soon — balos. 111