Kalnuotų vietų įvardijimas nekalnuotoje Lietuvos teritorijoje (remiantis Joniškio rajono vietovardžiais)

Acta Linguistica Lithuanica LVI (2007), 23 -40 Kalnuoty viety ivardijimas in the unmountained territory of Lithuania (based on local names of Joniškis district) NeRWA BARTKUTE Siauliy University The article deals with names for elevated spots in Joniskis District, in the lowlands of Northern Lithuania. In all, 216 names, collected from oral speech, are discussed. They are divided into motivated and unmotivated ones, according to whether they contain reference to physiography or not. Names based on physiographical features (properties and shape of the soil), flora, fauna or human inhabitation predominate, but there is also a sizeable group of more recent possessive formations based on proper names. Unmotivated names account for one tenth of the material. Names derived from proper names predominate here as well. Generalising we can say that most names of evelated spots in this region refer to physiographical features, flora, fauna and human inhabitation (property status and humanactivity). Apart from a semantic analysis, the article also provides data on folk etymology and oral tradition. 0. IVADAS The study of oronyms, or mountainous place names, is particularly relevant in mountainous countries (see INST Global Project The Names of the Mountains 2001)'. Mountains in the world are named according to various characteristics. Eisele (2001) distinguishes the main motives for naming mountains: physiografiniy termy direct mountainization, a certain situation related to mountains, Earth quality, mountain cover, vegetation, etc. inst.at/berge/index_e-htm [connected menu, possibilities of use and myths. Akschabaeva (2001), analysing 2007-04-10]. 23 Nera BarTKUTE mountain names in Kazakhstan, distinguishes snow as the most important semantic motif in mountain names. Other motifs mentioned by her are economic use, mountain form (similar to certain animals, people), mountain function (is a boundary, protects from storms, etc.), vegetation (is/is not, what color gives the mountain), legends and myths. Pospelov (1967), analysing the toponymics of the Eastern Carpathians, observes that the names of mountainous places are important, because they are made not only small objects (hills, fields), but also larger places — settlements, rivers, etc., names. It distinguishes between mountain names and geographical terms, names associated with vegetation, and names derived from other toponyms. Kronsteiner (2001) argues that mountains play a central role in environmental ordering, and that their naming trends are similar worldwide. He analyzes mountain names as an international “language” — he distinguishes the main principles of mountain naming, which are common to the whole world: toponymization of the physiographic term “mountain”, naming according to form, which also determines the emergence of metaphorical mountain names, connection with the sun (sunset/sunrise), possibility of travelling through the mountains — their “traffic” function, the role of snow, economic use, life. According to Aleksandrs Vanags (1973: 215), Lithuania is more rivery and eZery Salis, mountainy in Lithuania even néra. Vanagas in his article (1973: 215-216), which can be considered the only comprehensive analysis of Lithuanian toponymy, based on Lithuanian toponymy tendencies, states that mountainous place names form a relatively young subsystem of toponymy in archaic Lithuanian toponymy, and that mountainous places play a less important role in the life of the people than rivers. ir Vanagas (1973: 215) assigns to oronyms those names that name objects perceived by the speaker as mountains (the height is usually a few hundred meters). Based on the name of the presenter ir Mickiene (2001: 80), analyzing Weather in TelSiy district. To them scientists attribute as much as iSkilesniy The names of the earth's surface. More iSsamesniy separately "Lietuvos oronimy tyrinéjimy nera". In this article is drawn déemesys mountainous j places names of fairly flat kra8tovaizdzio In the territory of Lithuania — In the Ionian Sea. Si the territory is Lietuvos Siaurinéje Vidurio In the lower part, most of the plyti In the Plain of Ziemeļgale (JRG: 4-5). Then relief Gia slightly wavy, more i8kilesniy place is aréie Zagarés (ledyny washed Zagarés ozas) and the left Ma24 Kalnuoty viety ivardijimas In the coastal area of Sos slénio (compressed Linkuvos gibris). The highest point of the district is the Linkuva hill (reaching 94 m), the lowest — near the Latvian border (reaching 34 m). With such a terrain, informants in Joniškis district call mountains small hills, hills, Zvirynai, castle hills and other somewhat rocky places of the Zeme pavirSiaus. The article analyzes the naming of mountainous places in Joniškis district — what determines the names of mountainous places in the non-mountainous territory. The semantic scheme of toponymy proposed by Vanagas (1981) is used: toponyms are first divided into unmotivated (without,,- oroniminés“ meaning) and motivated (with,,oronimine“ meaning). The names of Joniškis district are i8ra8yti i8 Zemés vardy ankety, saugomy in the Funds of the Vardyno Department of the Lithuanian Language Institute, and the authors of the article used them during expeditions in Joniškis district in 2002-2004. Almost all the names are in the living language, only a few names, published in the VZe, stand out: Kalnélis hill, Raktuvé, or Raktuvé, and Zagarés hill, or Zvelgdicio kdlnas. Bia (1961: 257) also mentions Oronima Raktuvé as the remains of Ziemgaligkaji, attributing to him several hydronyms of Joni8kio district. The names discussed in this article are also published on the Internet —,,Joniškio rajono vietovardziy geolingvistinéje duomeny bazéje“*. In this article, while analyzing the naming of mountainous places in Joniskis district, the informant is also presented in the form of folk etymology, various stories related to the names of mountains. In addition, the article presents the names showing possible their creation. 1, NON-MOTIVATED ORONIMAL These are the names that, when they appeared, did not have a special distinctive,,oroniminés“ meaning — neiSreiSké anything that is typical only of mountainous places (cf. Vanagas 1981a: 19). Such names did not arise because of the features of a mountainous place, but because of various other circumstances: dél Salia esanciy 2Plg. A. Vanagas (1981a) uses the term,,hydronimine reikémé. °Students of Siauliy University Lithuanian language specialty took part in several expeditions ~ in Kriuky and Gatauéiy villages ~. +The temporary address of this database is http://www.neryte.|t:8080- /db/[acce25, Nera BARTKUTE ssed 2008-01-30] other important environmental objects, human activities, etc. There are several semantic groups of non-motivational oronyms in JoniSkio district. 1.1 Names of various places in names —These names have come from the appellative, reSkianéiy places according to what is in them, what is happening. Part of Siy oronimy means place related to Human activity: P@-uzvaris klv. Tru: dévaras,- tvora, uZtvara; animal drive path®; Rev-t-kelis klv. Dr: révas, ‘ditches’ and kélias; Viganés klv. Vkn: *vigané, cf. viganas, covered road for driving livestock‘, also cf. other place names in Joniskis district: Viganés pv. Tsn, Viganiai krm. Js, Viganés miskas mik., Viganés b. Ks; Zvyrduobés kin. Zc: Zvyrduobé by vegetation: Silas kIn. Roe: Silas; Sil-élis klv. John: ,duobé, atsiradusi kasant Zvyra‘. Keli oronimai kile i§ kity viety pavadinimu Silas. Oronimas Kalnélkramai klv. Zyn°: Kalnélis k. and falls, is classified as a non-motivation, although it has a possessive (or place) meaning, but the second part is the name of the place where the plant grows, without a distinctive,,oroniminés“ meaning. This semantic group of oronyms includes oronyms Kdlviai klv. Good: kdlvis, plg. avd. Kdlvis’, able to name a place by human activity. 1,2, Oronimai i8 jvairiy other surnames. These unmotivated adjectives are transferred adjectives used to name mountainous places, referring to su objects related to ar mountaijy nous ir places: at the former on, etc. : Kamar-dité klv. Stn: chamber; Lappalainen klv. Dis, klv. Sr: lépkasa,lapés i8kastas urvas‘, cf. other place names in Joniškis district Lapkasés |. Zov, Lapkasiai drv. Coy; Plytnyeia klv. Tru: plytnyéia 'gasified'; Ragatka klv. Zc*: ‘grip’, ‘closure’; Rice-duobés klv. Zc: Rice and pits. 1.3 Names and other real words also do not have the meaning of "name", because they are figurative names of other places or persons. Daugelj tokiy ®In this article, the appellative meanings are selected 18 LKZe, 0 users — i8 LPZ (1, 11) ~ in the text of the article Sie The salts are not mentioned. °18 informanty uZra’yta, kad anksčiau pro vieta ta ées kelias j Kalnelio bagnytkaimi; hilly place formerly covered with cliffs (ZV). 7 Personal name Kélvis JoniSkio district nera paplites (plg. LPZ, 902). $18 informant found that during First World War in that place Saudydave Zmones, vardas 0 atsirades dél Sautuvo panaSumo | ragatkq (ZV). °1§ informant uZradyta that in that place was darzoviy risys (ZV). 26 Kalnuoty viety jvardijimas Vanagas (1981a: 30) derives the place name from a genitive construction, which has a possessive meaning, but according to its current status it belongs to the unmotivated. The name of the hill in Joniškis district is written in the local dialect: Ezergailis klv. Zvi: Ezergailis vk. Most of the acronyms of this semantic group are if persons: a) i8 Lithuanian origin: Stulgis kIn. Dx: avd. Stulgis; Verkul¥s klv. Con": *Verkulys, plg. avd. Vérkulis, Verkys; Zvelgditis kIn. Zc (var. Zvelgdicio kdlnas, Zagarés piliakalnis)": avd. Zvelgditis (LVKZ: 348); b) i8 non-Lithuanian origin: Balverkis kln. Diz: avd. Billverkis; Cefnis kIn. Dk: avd. Cefnis; Simkenas kIn. Rxz!? : *Simkonas, plg. avd. Simkénis; Véidé kln. Zc (var. Barbéros kdlnas, Alkdkalnis, Véidés kdlnas): Véidé; Zékis kIn. Byvn: *Zekis, plg. avd. Zekys, Zékas. As mentioned, in Lithuanian toponymy, oronimai are relatively new place names. Unmotivated toponyms form the most recent part of a not particularly archaic subclass of toponymy in Siam. Their appearance is secondary — they come in the name, assigned to other subclasses of the onimia, or in the appellative, semantically related to other places. 2. REASONABLE CONDEMNATIONS. These are oronimes i with the distinctive,,- oronimine“ su need. They indicate a certain feature of the mountainous area. There are two types of objects: (1) objects that are not objects, and (2) objects that are objects. j 2.1. Motivated phrases that do not describe objects. This semantic group of oronyms includes mountainous place names, which are the result of toponymic physiographical terms with the meaning of “oronym- ”, and oronyms with possessive meaning. 2.1.1. Oronymes and,,oroniminés“ are necessary physiographical terms. Fiziogra18 informant udra’yta, that in that place Verkulys (ZV) has changed. 418 informant udragyta, that formerly on the hill was a castle, which ruled the prince Zvalgota, but one time heard, head in a veil ji 0 jo po City of Riga (ZV). "218 informant uZragyta, that earlier the mountain was aukStesnis — owner imdaves i8 jo smelj ir vezdaves for sale } Zagare To the Jews who scattered smukliy (vad. simkiy) aslas (ZV). 27 NeRIJA BARTKUTE Finiy terminy onomization is one of the oldest methods of creating a nomenclature, pajon motivated plites visame pasaulyje (Zr. Vanagas 1981a: 35; Baluodé 2005). Joniskio ranames have arisen in physiographic terms, meaning a naturally prominent place or similar place, which did not arise without human effort: Alkdkalnis kin. Zc (var. Barbéros kdlnas, Véidé, Véidés kdlnas): alkakalnis salkos (aukos) kalnas’; Mountains klv. Tr: kdlnas; Calf feed klv. Zé: kalva; Kaln- -élis klv. Dvr (var. Lébedzio kalnélis), klv. Rng: kdlnas; The Giant Tombs Jnx, Giant tomb klv. Nrw: milZinkapis,- senovés didvyriy burial place; ‘supilta kalva’; MilZkapiai klv. Gun (var. MilZinq tombs)'*: milzkapis, cf. milZinkapis burial place of ancient heroes; ‘supilta kalva’; Filling klv. Sty, klv. Byvn, klv. Mrn"*: a pillar, a broken Earth's belt; The Clan. Kin (also known as Sidabrés hill): a hill; Pilkalnis kn. Kun: pilkalnis,piliakalnis’; Skaémilzis klv. Vn: *skacmilzis (<*katmilzis (cf. Katmilzis up.), plg. kapmilzis,milzinkapis‘ (Vanagas 1981b: 141)). 2.1.2. Possessive and possessive nouns. These designations indicate the belonging of the object, but Vanagas (1981a: 45) also considers the need for place, both meanings he considers difficult to separate. Possessive and place nouns are expressed formally by prepositions, adjectives and adjectives, so long as they are divided according to the way they are used. Possessive verbs. Tokie JoniSkio rajono oronimai kile if personnazu: a) i8 lietuvi8kos kilmés —-iSkis: Kdln-iskis klv. Drain: Kdlnas; Gdil-iskiai klv. Gs¢: Gdilis; Gefl-iskiai klv. Dvr'®: * Gerlis, plg. Geflikas; b) i non-Lithuanian origin — -yné: Grant-yné klv. I: *Grantas, plg. 1999. (in German) Gräfenberg, G., lat. Grants (Staltmané 1981: 211). 8th and 10th-century sculptures of local craftsmen. Ju the first (determinative) verb is another pronoun or personal noun, the i8 second — i8 physiographic term kdln. The first syllable of a place name and a place name is an oikonimo or agronimo: i§ Gra#is(k)in1318 formanty uZra’yta, that before in that place iskasdave big bones (ZV). “18 informant found that in the time of Budziava, the manorman Zelstrom had a bunch of budziavs ir They are filled with money; manor wants to build a water mill; the water has risen over the flooded fields; At night the same prisoners ir released a live silver barrel and poured it into the yard (ZV). 1918 informant uZraSyta, that nearby lived Zydas, last name Herlich (ZV). 28 Kalnuoty viety jvardijimas - mountain kin. Byp"*: Graziskiai k.; "Stripei(k)-kalnis kin". Str: Stripeikiai k.; Suddkalnis kin. Kru, klv. You: Suddai vk. ; Varé-mountain klv. Gn (var. Varéids kdlnas): Varéia 1. Oh, sir. Asmenvardiniy posesyvinés reikimés oronimy first sando has various origins: a) is personal names of Lithuanian Buis-kalnis origin: klv. Bno: avd. Buisas, Buisys; Kriié-kalnis kin. Vr: avd. Criéas; Mesk-i-kalnis klv. Sk: Meska’; Rép-kalnis klv. Pvi, klv. Rez: avd. Repetition, Clothing, plg. place names Répédai k., Répininkai k., Ropininkéliai k.; Zemai¢-kalnis klv. Jus: avd. Zemaitis'®, plg. Zemaitis; Zés-kalnis klv. Gun (var. Duobétkalnis): *Zosis, *Zosas, plg. avd. Z6the b) i§ statute; Personal name of Lithuanian origin: Biid-kalnis Kv. Jx8: Avd. Bid; Jokiib-kalnis klv. Cen': avd. Jokiibas (LVKZ: 178); Zubr- -d-kalnis klv. Dr: avd. Ziibrus, Zubrys; Tamos-mountain kln. Three: Avd. Tamdsius. The territory and localities of the district are covered by forests. $i The semantic group is the most abundant in the Joniskis district's ornithology. Jai badinga ir demeny jvairy: In these names the first dému is another place name (oikonimas, hydronym or agronym) or a personal name (Lithuanian, non-Lithuanian or unclear origin), the second very common dému is the physiographic term kdlnas, a — little more rare another - ,oroniminés“ means physiographical term piliakalnis, the second démeny goes fiziografiniy termy ir deminutives kalnélis, place names aukstumélé, molyné, smiltyné, naujesniy oronimy the second démeny is the social environment phenomenon name ir quarry. In the following, the possessive and local reikimes are divided according to the first démenj: lugarvardziy i8 - (a) i§ abbreviation: Dargii auk3tumélé klv. Dr.: Dargiai k.; Gaigaliy kdlnas klv. Jao: Gaigaliai k.; Joniškio kdlnas klv. Gs¢: Joniskis mst. ; The Hill of Cthulhu. When: Kalnélis k.; Minediciy's career is over. Me: Minddidiai k.; Raisty's career out. Rs: Raistai k.; Skariq kdlnas kin. Skr: Skariai k.; Stalmoky Quarry kIn. Ms.: Stalmokai k.; Siléliy kdlnas klv. Psp: Siléliai village; Sterpeliskiy kdlnas kIn. Three: Sterpeliskés k.; Tarbiiciy kdlnas kin. Three: Tarbidiai k.; Short-haired mountain lion klv. Tr: The village of Trumpaitéliai; Zagaré castle kIn. Zc (var. "Zagaré mst. ; (b) i hydroinfor1°18 manty uZryta, that in that place there is a very beautiful village, there even Suliny has been (ZV). *” The name Meskd is common in Joni8kio district (cf. LPZ,, 212). 1° The personal name Zemaitis is common in Joni8kio district (cf. LPZ,, 1322). In 1918 informant u%founded, that in that place once was Zuves latvis Jokibas (ZV). 29 Nera BARTKUTE nimu: Quick delivery clv. Sry: Kiidra Col. Sri; The Silver Cliff hill. "Sidabré up" (in Portuguese). ; (c) if agronimy: Varéids kdlnas klv. Gun (var. Vartkalnis): Vardia 1. Sty; is asmenvardaiy —(a) i§ lietuviSkos kilmés: Alsio kdlnas kin. Rs: Alsys; Briedzio kdlnas kin. Dx: Deer; BuiSo kdlnas kin. Dx°: Buisas; Bidet sink klv. Drone: Biida; Cizo kalnélis klv. Dx2": CiZas; Kalnelis klv. 1999. (in Polish) Krzysztof Kołodziejczyk: Zbigniew Brzezinski. Didgalvis (Butkus 1995: 198); Dundee County Council. Mup: Dundiilis; Gedaeus kdlnas kin. Zc: *Gedus, plg. Gedys, GédZius, also plg. Gédas (LVKZ: 140); Kavalo kdlnas klv. Press: Kavalas; Lebedzio kalnélis klv. Dvr (var. Kalnélis): Lebed; Meskés kdlnas klv. Env**: Meska, plg. Meskikalnis klv. Sx; Natidziuvienes karjerai kin. Mrr*®: Natidziuviené (: Natidzius); Admitted by kdlnas klv. You: The assumptions; Radvilo kdlnas klv. Wine: Radvilas; Riridziaus sandpit in klv. Mxn: Rimdzius and place name sandpit; Skupeikos kdlnas klv. Jxs: Scupeikd; Tilkevičius kdlnas klv. Srv: Tilquevidius; The Career Guide. Mrr: Bloody idiot; Zlabio kdlnas kIn. Dx: Weak; I'm a star. I'm a star. 348) (in German) (in German) (in German) (in German) (in German) (in German) (in German) (in German) (in German) Zvelgdiciai k.; (b) i§ non-Lithuanian origin: Adémo kalnélis klv. Back: Adémas; Barber's kdinas kin. Zc (var. Alkdkalnis, Véidé, Véidés kdlnas)**: Barbora; Bindiitilio kdlnas kin. Grx: BindZitllis; Towels klv. Steel: Budd; Church of St. Mary Dv: Cerkduskas; Gefnio kdlnas kin. Dx: Cefnis; Césniko 2018 informanty uZragyta that near the mountain was Bui8o darZiné (N. B.). 218 informant ragged that priest Cizas, the priest of New Zagaré, there caves peat (ZV). 18 The informant said that the mountain 1895 was named in 1999, when a former jo murdered woman, named Didgalve (she has not woven a big scarf), 0 1905 m. ant This naked mountain Zagaré's socialists were holding meetings (ZV). 18 informant uZraSyta, that on the mountain Sio Kavala (ZV) has been found. *1§ informanty uZragyta, that on that hill there was a hut, where came bear (N. B.). 518 informant uzZragyta that the career caste at the time when the colikio chair was Naudziuviené (N. B.). 2 In the church on the hill were kept the remains of Barbora Umiestauskaite: kdlnas klv. “Luxury”: Césnikas; (plg. Sliavas 1999: 3). 30 Kalnuoty viety ivardijimas Cittberkio kdlnas klv. Knee: Cittberkis; J@ckaus kdlnas klv. By: Jackus; Jagrio kdlnas klv. Mr. Jagris; Cayenne pepper klv. Dx: Cayenne; Great-headed hornbill klv. Zc (var. Didgalvés kalnélis): pravardé Lielgalvé, plg. lat. liels didelis, stambus‘ (LLKZ 381); MataiiSo kdlnas klv. St: Mataiisas (LVKZ; 244); Sitka molybdenum klv. Tre: Siitkus and the place name molyné; Urmono kdinas klv. Tam: Urmon; Defence kdlnas kin. Zc (var. Véidé, Barboros kdlnas, Alkdkalnis): Véidé; Whiskey kdlnas kin. 2000. (in Russian) "Виктория (Виктория)" (in Russian). russian.ru. 1981) 1914 – Stanisław Leszczyński, Polish poet (d. Vi3kélis; c) i8 neaiSkios kilmės asmenvardzio: Dariparo kdlnas klv. Ncn?8: *Dampers; Syrian kdlnas klv. Sxr: Control; Taribako mountain climb klv. Mic: *Tobacco, plg. Tambakévicius. 2.2. Motivated adjectives describing objects. When analyzing hydronymy semantics, Vanagas (1981a: 49) considers such toponyms as the most important layer revealing the diversity of toponymy semantics. They are directly related to the property of the toponymically named object. Vanagas (1981a: 50) lists five ways of expressing the meaning of a property: direct toponymization, final derivatives of property names, prepositional derivatives of property names, conjugation where the first syllable is the name of the property, and conjugation where the first demi-vowel is the name of the property. According to the distinctive characteristic, the motivated names of objects in Joniškis district are divided into several semantic groups: 2.2.1. Physiographical Requirements. These are names that describe a mountainous place according to certain physiographical characteristics: shape, quality of the Earth, cover, etc. First of all, there are distinctive names that designate mountainous places according to the quality of the Earth: Akmen-iné klv. Bu: akmu6; Molyné klv. Sx: molyné smolio Zemé, dirva’; Smel-kalnis kIn. St?°: smélis; Smiltynas klv. Dau (var. Smiltyné): sandstone; Smiltyne klv. Dv (var. Smiltynas): smiltyne; Uolynas kin. Sx: uolfnas,klintynas‘; ZvifZd-é klv. At: 2vifZdas,dirva prie Zvyro‘; The Knife. Moe: 2virgzdyné, zvirgzdo dirva, Zemé‘; Zvyrynas klv. Knee, klv. Mos, klv. Mnrx: Zvyrynas; Zvyr-kalnis KIN. Zur: Zvyras. "Raud6n-kalnis kin. Rxz: informant uZryta that in that place lived 7718 Césnik, who died on a roller coaster after a bad ride ir (ZV). 2518 informant uZryta, that in that place hunting died some Dumparas (ZV). 2 18 informant noted that in8 Sio mountain imdave smélj to spread vegetables and paths (ZV). 31 NeriJA BARTKUTE Byp Con Dk Dip Dt Dnr DR Dre Drone Dv. DVR END Gox Gun Grk Mip 38 BuivydZiai Cigoniskiai Daukéiai Dilbinai Dameliai Daunoriske Dargiai Dargaitiai Darginiai Dvelaiciai Dvareliskiai Endriskiai Catchers Giminénai Girkanéiai Grazai€iai GaSéitinai Gataudiai Gaizaitiai Juodeikiai Juodziai Jaki8kiai Jauneikiai Jaunitinai Joniskis Jurdaiciai Kalnelis Kemsiai Kan¢itinai Kriukai Kuisiai Lankaitiai Médginai Miknaiéiai Melniai Mielaiéiai Maldeniai Mné Mrn Mert Mrx Mia. Nen No. Nrn Ppr PL Pailiai Pir Psp PrR Py. Rez Ros RKZ Rs Sk Skx SkR Sxr Sr Ste Stk Stn STNL STR Ths TR Three TRM Tsn Feed VK VEN VR Minéaidiai Maironiai Martyni8kiai Mitkinai Maieliai Nociiinai Normantéiai Noritinai Padirvoniai Platoniai Posupés Petraiéiai Povilaiéiai RubeZninkai Rudiskiai Rukuiziai Raistai Skaistgirys Skakai Skariai Skutenos Stungiai Stagariai Satkinai Stoniiinai Staneliai Stripeikiai Tholiejus Treigiai Tarbiéiai Trumpaitiai Tausénai Vidginiai Veikéi Vekoniai VerSiai Kalnuoty sentences ivardijimas ZNN — Zininiin Zo -— Zagaré Zé -— Zuéiai Zm — Zeimiai Zok — Zadeikiai Zmr — Ants Call — Zadvainiai Zvi — Zvelgaitiai Other abbreviations: avd. — asmenvardis liet. — lietuviu b. -— bala mst. — city drv. — dirva tbsp. — miSkas iv. f. — ivardziuotiné forma plk. — pelke k. — kaimas pv. -— kIn adds. — mountain up. — river klv. - calva vad. — so-called Feed(s) — Kriimynas var. — option l. — field vk. -— vienkiemis lat. —- latviu ZV — Zemés vardy in polls LITERATURA AKSCHABAEVA, A. 2001: The Names of the Mountains in Kazakhstan. In: The Names of the Mountains. http://www.inst.at/berge/index_e.htm [prisijungta 2007-04-10]. BaLuobE, L. 2005: Par onimizaciju baltu hidronimija. Baltu filologija 14 (1), 25-36. Butkus, A. 1995: Lietuviy pravardés. Kaunas: Aesti. Buca, K. 1961: Rinktiniai rastai 3. Sudaré Z. Zinxevicius. Vilnius: Valstybiné politinés ir mokslines literattiros leidykla. EiseLE, H. 2001: Die Ausstrahlung der Berge in ihrer Benennungsvielfalt. In: The Names of the Mountains. http://www. inst.at/berge/index_e.htm [prisijungta 2007-04-10]. ENpzELYTE, R. 2005: Siaurés Vidurio Lietuvos vietovardziai. Daktaro disertacija. Kaunas. JRG = Joniskio rajono gamta, par. R. BALTRAmaitis, D. BicKIENE, R. Butvita et al. Kaunas: Lutute, 1999. 39 NERA BARTKUTE J&Z = Joniskio Snekty Zodynas. Siauliai: Dialektologijos centras [rankraitis]. Kronsterner, O. 2001: Internationale Gemeinsamkeiten bei der Benennung von Bergen. In: The Names of the Mountains. http://www. inst.at/berge/index_e. htm [prisijungta 2007-04-10]. LKZe 2005: Lietuviy kalbos Zodynas. Vilnius [elektroninis variantas]. LLKZ 2003: Latviy-lietuviy kalby Zodynas, sud. A. Burkus. Kaunas: Aesti. LPZ, 4 = Lietuviy pavardziy Zodynas, red. A. Vanacas. Vilnius: Mokslas 1985 (t. 1), 1989 (t. 2). LVKZ = K. Kuzavinis, B. Savukynas, Lietuviy vardy kilmés Zodynas. Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijy leidybos institutas, 2003. Mickieng, I. 2001: Telsiy rajono toponimy daryba. Daktaro disertacija. Kaunas. Posretoy, E. M. 1967: Teorpaduueckaa TepMHHOJIOrHA B MUKpoTOMOHHMHH BocTounprx Kapnar. In: O. C. Axmanosa, pey., Muxkpomononumua. Mocksa: H3AatenpcTsBo Mockosckoro yHuBepcnteta, 23-30. StatTMaANE, V. E. 1981: JlambtwcKkaa anmpononumua. Pamustuu. Mocksa: HayKa. Suravas, J. 1996: Ziemgaliy pédsakais. Vilnius: »Ziemgalos* draugija. Suiavas, J. 1999: Sventos Barboros kalnelis. Sidabré 56, 3. Vanacas, A. 1970: Lietuvos TSR hidronimy daryba. Vilnius: Mokslas. Vanacas, A. 1973: CrpyKTypHo-coBoo6pa30BaTeJIbHbIM aHaIM3 HasBaHHi Top Jiurspt. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. A series, vol. 3 (44), 209-219. Vanacas, A. 1981a: Lietuviy hidronimy semantika. Lietuviy linguistics questions 21, 4-153. Vanacas, A. 1981b: Lietuviy hidronimy etymologinis Zodynas. Vilnius: Mokslas. 2007: The Odyssey. [Online edition]. Nerija Bartkuté Siauliy University Centre of Dialectology P. Visinskio g. 38, LT-76352 Siauliai, Lithuania [email protected] 40