Veliuonos apylinkių gyventojų pravardės: onomasiologinė motyvacija

175-page a icles by iLona Mickienė The Uni e si y o Vilnius Scien i ic esea ch a eas: lexicology, onomas ics, wo d making. he mo ning o he ba anauskienė The Uni e si y o Vilnius Resea ch a eas include syn ac ic seman ics, unc ional g amma , and linguis ic p agma ics. VeLiuonos aPyLinks gyVen ojų P aVa dės: onoMasioLoginė (The Masio Login) is loca ed in he dis ic o VeLiuonos, in he dis ic o VeLiuonos. The esul s o he s udy we e published in he jou nal o he Li huanian Ins i u e o Linguis ics (LITI) and we e published in he jou nal o he Li huanian Ins i u e o Linguis ics (LITI) and we e published in he jou nal o he Li huanian Ins i u e o Linguis ics (LITI) and we e published in he jou nal o he Li huanian Ins i u e o Linguis ics (LITI). he aim o he s udy is o es ablish he onomas ic mo i a ion o he wo ds, i.e. he eason o he choice, he s uc u e o he selec ion and he appella i e meaning. Wo ds a e s udied onomas ically. only hose whose mo i es a e indica ed by he esponden s a e conside ed. The chosen me hodology will e eal he mos common mo i es o he c ea ion o wo ds, cha ac e is ic conno a ions, ypical ea u es ha indi idualize local inhabi an s, which a e encoded in wo ds. The a icle analyses 386 nicknames o esiden s eco ded in he icini y o Veliūnai in he amewo k o he p ojec o he Ins i u e o Li huanian Language and Geolinguis ics: The Op imiza ion o he Ne wo k o Poin s and In e ac i e Sp ead o Diaspo a. Keywo ds: nickname, onomas ic mo i a ion, onomasyology, conno a ion Wha is he meaning o he name? 176 ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXVII lec al In o ma ion. This is he i s ime ha he Li huanian iLona Mickienė, i a ba anauskienė language has been used in he Eu opean Union. The esea ch aims a iden i ying he onomas ic mo i a ion o nicknames, i.e. he easons o choice de e mining he s uc u e and appella i e meaning o nicknames. The s udy o nicknames is onomasiological. only hose nicknames a e discussed he mo i es o which we e speci ied by esponden s. The me hodology selec ed will enable us o iden i y he mos common mo i es o he c ea ion o nicknames, he cha ac e is ic conno a ions and he ypical ea u es indi idualising local esiden s encoded in nicknames. Inco po a ed The p ojec o he Li huanian Language Ins i u e "Mode n geolinguis ic esea ch in Li huania: op imiza ion o he ne wo k o poin s and in e ac i e dissemina ion o linguis ic in o ma ion" aims o explo e he name o he pa o he he i age o he li ing language. In apsk ičių a miniuose punk uose su ink as a dynas – ie o a džiai i p a a dės – s aipsnio au o ių jau y a analizuo as (Mickienė, ba anauskienė 2012: 208–215). he summe o 2011, he dis ic s o Kaunas, Ma ijampolė and Pas ali we e su eyed. One o he poin s is Veliuona. A e isi ing he o me Li huanian eache a he Liu ina ičių s a ion, she lea ned ha he names and su names o he inhabi an s o he dis ic , s uden s and eache s o he senio classes we e collec ed and w i en down on he ini ia i e o he eache in he school museum o he own. The eache , and la e he school ep esen a i es, ag eed ha he collec ed ma e ial would be used o scien i ic esea ch. he names o he au ho s o he wo k a e also p o ided and discussed oge he in he a icle. I has been obse ed ha a numbe o hese wo ds a e spelled ou in he pages o he school dia y (some imes he desc ip ion o hei o igin di e s sligh ly (all he cases w i en in he dia y will be gi en in he a icle)), so he e is no doub ha many o he local inhabi an s know and use hese wo ds. I is also easy o see ha he su names a e passed down om gene a ion o gene a ion ( he whole amily has he same su name), so i can be said ha hey su i e longe han he su name holde . The o he pa o he wo ds, I hink, a e s uden wo ds, which a e known and used by a much smalle numbe o people. The age o hese su names may be somewha sho e (depending on whe he hey las o a longe pe iod o ime o exis only as long as he pe son is in school), bu hey also e lec a ious naming mo i es and a e impo an . In he own o Velenje and he su ounding illages, abou 800 su names o people who li ed and li ed he e we e collec ed. no all su names a e gi en a eason o he su name. These wo ds a e no examined, hey a e kep in he museum o he Veliuona school. Mode n geolinguis ic esea ch in Li huania: op imiza ion o he ne wo k o poin s and in e ac i e dissemina ion o in e media e in o ma ion (p ojec code no. VP1-3.1-ŠMM-07-k-01-028). P ojec leade […] P o . D . Danguolė I 's called Mikulėnienė. Veliuonos apylinkių gy en ojų p a a dės: onomasiologinė mo y acija This a icle seeks o es ablish he onomas ic mo i a ion o he Veliuona dis ic 's spoken wo ds, i.e. he eason o he choice o he spoken wo d, de e mining i s s uc u e and appealing meaning, he eby e ealing he ypical cha ac e is ics o he inhabi an s called spoken wo ds. Wo ds a e analyzed onomassiologically […] o de e mine he mo i es o hei use. The a icle is based on semasiological analysis, when he mo i es o he use o he wo d a e unknown, he appella i e semasiologically ela es o he de ini ion o he wo d. The e o e, only hose wo ds whose mo i es a e indica ed by he esponden s a e in es iga ed. o objec i e easons, eal su names a e no men ioned, excep whe e he su name o su name is he eason o he su name. The esea ch ma e ial consis s o 386 wo ds. P o e bs […] a e uno icial pe sonal names ha desc ibe people acco ding o hei a ious cha ac e is ics: appea ance, pe sonali y, place o esidence, wo k, language, abili y, amily si ua ion, and o he s (Lke 1999: 494[…]495). No only do wo ds ski ingai nuo pa a džių, juos da i apibūdina, indi idualizuoja (alekna ičienė add o people's names, bu , 2009: 1). The e o e, he e m "an e alua ed jacke " is used when i is no su icien o dis inguish be ween a name and a su name o when he e is a desi e o desc ibe a pe son in a supplemen a y way (see jacke 2009: 268). 1 . The use o wo ds is de e mined by wo objec i e, o onoma opoeic, and subjec i e, o psychological, easons (see Bu kus 1995: 22-25). This is o en he case in illages whe e mo e han one inhabi an o he same su name li es o has acqui ed a polinkis p a a džiuo is, usually a he beginning o which one o he sha pes ongues is spoken by a man gui (salys 1983: 43). 1.1. due o objec i e, o onoma opoeic, easons in he Veliuona dis ic , he su names a e o med om he common su names Vie e ski, Ramon. To dis inguish hem, he i s we e gi en he su names Sel e ius and Co nelius, and he second he su names Tamoshius, Tadashius, Felix, Juzus, and P anas. such wo ds a e usually s ylis ically mo e neu al compa ed o wo ds ha a e de e mined by subjec i e o psychological easons. In he Veluona dis ic , mos o he names a e de i ed om subjec s. (psychological) easons, when he mo i e o he p o e b is a dis inc i e human cha ac e is ic ha he en i onmen has no iced. Acco ding o he hall, "wha a pe son ea s o d inks, p e e ably likes o cooks, can be called a p o e b" (hall 1983:46). These g oups wo ds usually ha e a s ong conno a ion. 178 ac a iLona Mickienė, i a ba anauskienė Linguis ica Li huanica LXVII 2.P a a d's Onomas ic Mo i a ion When in es iga ing he onomas ic mo i a ion o wo ds, i is impo an o de e mine he mo i es o he wo d. The mo i es o p o e bs usually include physical cha ac e is ics, kinship, ac i i y, language con en , manne , associa ions, place o esidence, weal h, na ional o igin, and so on. Willis Van Langendonck, analyzing su names, hei o igin, no es ha he basis o he seman ic mo i a ion o su names is o en me apho o me onymy (see Langendonck 2011: 19-20). I would also be possible o s udy some o he wo ds, especially hose ha indica e he physical and beha io al cha ac e is ics o a pe son. Because hey can be conside ed as aps, connec ing a pe son o a compa able objec by some kind o simila i y, o example. […] Because o his big head; A zombie is naked all he ime. Toma oes […] o he cons an edness o he ace; I 's ed because i 's gone. a donkey […] a man who does no hink; Ciba is a s ubbo n man. The wo ds o he su ounding illages a e di ided acco ding o cha ac e is ic mo i es in o ma king kinship, o igin, place o esidence, physical cha ac e is ics, in e nal cha ac e is ics, language con en , ac i i ies, a ious associa ions and so on. 2.1. su name indica es belonging o a amily. hey may be d awn up in acco dance wi h asmen a dį: a dą, pa a dę, p a a dę. Veliuonos apylinkėse jų už ašy a 21 (5,44 p oc.). giminys ės yšius žyminčios p a a dės ski s omos į pa onimines i edybines. he mo e equen pa onymic su name o 2.1.1. (17). I 's a amily name, in o he wo ds, a su name de i ed om he a he 's o mo he 's i s name (plg. bu kus). 1995: 57). Fo example: : 1) om he a he 's name (10): Adomukas […] because he a he is adomas; Juzy uk […] because his a he 's name is Juoz; Le i […] because his a he 's name is Le i; Se e us […] because his a he 's name is Se e us; Zanimų Zankė […] om his a he 's name Zanas; Zigmas […] because his a he 's name is Zigmas; An osiukas […] a he by he name o An osius; This is Melniko And ius. Jago ikė […] all amily names; 2) om he mo he 's name (1): Rose […] om he mo he 's name; 3) In he icini y o Veliuona, he e a e also su names de i ed om he pe sonal names o g and a he , g andmo he , g and a he (3): Liudas […] because he g and a he 's name is Liud ik; S asė […] a e he g andmo he 's name; Teodo ina […] because he uncle's name is Teodo ; 4) a su name de i ed om an ances al su name (1): John he Bap is . 2.1.2. Ma iage su names o m a smalle g oup (4 su names) o all amily su names. ma i al names may be assigned o women and men. Female su names we e made om he male name: Di anizienė because he male name is Dionysus; P anienė because he mans name is P anas. The basis o a man's su name is his wi e's su name (B onkin […] wi e was called b onka) and his s epmo he 's su name (Sluoksnai inis […] nes uoš ienės su name sluoksnai ienė). Veliuonos apylinkių gy en ojų p a a dės: onomasiologinė mo y acija 179 a icles by a icles 2.2. he o he g oup o wo ds includes 49 (12.69%) wo ds ha indica e ac i i y. The mo i es o hese wo ds a e e y di e se, helping o indi idualize people acco ding o hei occupa ions. The ac ions ha ma k he wo ds can be di ided in o g oups. 2.2.1. he mos common g oup consis s o se ice- ela ed wo ds (18). hey indica e he occupa ion, du ies o occupa ional ypes held o held by he inhabi an s o he su ounding a ea. I has been obse ed ha some o hem a e associa ed wi h he pe son's own ac i i ies, while o he s […] wi h he ac i i ies o he g and a he , a he , mo he . Fo example: 1) wi h he se ice o he pe son himsel , p o e b ela ed o he job (15): Bocman […] se ed in he na y; B igadie […] p e iously wo ked as a b igadie ; bull […] because he is a e e ina ian; Pain e […] om he wo d pain e ; Di […] di ec o Li huanian police o ice ; Ma ozninkas […] because he was selling ice c eam; Min […] police o ice ; The milkman […] collec s he milk; Peppe […] he selle o peppe s; Peppe […] because i sells peppe s; candle […] because he had p e iously sold he candle; ish […] se ing in a lee ; Kal is […] su name Masa is; Molpe is […] Pe e , who buil he u nace; 2) a p o e b ela ed o he ac i i ies o he g and a he , a he o mo he (7): Gi l […] because o he a he 's p o ession, he a he 's p o ession, he a he wo ks as a boy; Cal is […] g and a he was a Cal is, a he was a Cal is; Kliu kė is his mo he and he sells chlo kalkes because he sold "chlio ką". You can see ha one wo d di ec ly e e s o a job, a se ice, while he o he has ce ain addi ional conno a ions, seman ic shades, e c. F om he wo d pain e ; Di […] di ec o and Bulius […] because he is a e e ina ian; The ishe man se ed in he lee . 2.2.2. Less occupied wi h ma king wo ds we e ound (7). This indica es ha he su names o he inhabi an s o Veliuona a e less likely o be based on non-p o essional ac i i ies. The wo ds acco ding o such ac i i ies can be desc ibed as ha ing posi i e o nega i e conno a ions, e.g.: 1) Samba […] because you lea ned ka a e; The ga dene […] because he has a ga den; Rabbi […] because he aised and sold abbi s; (2) The long inge is missing; The loo […] he cu ing edge; Pampalin is a hun e . Š anė […] is engaged in playing ca ds. 2.2.3. The desc ip ion o Pomeg ana e in Veliuonos egion is also no common. The e a e eigh names ha indica e s eng h, e.g. : As a […] o he a emp ed as al; The sewe line is la e o a walk because o he noise; A d unka d is a pe son who d inks a lo o alcohol; The dee is a aid because i likes di ; The La ian […] likes o d ink; The me al man likes me al music; Modis ė […] because she likes ashion e y much; Ožka […] is he name gi en o wo sis e s who a e a li le bi […]in he a s[…]. 2.2.4. Only a ew wo ds a e associa ed wi h he si ua ion, e.g. Because he played he bea du ing he ca ni al. Zemsiu bė […] because he Moo s used o ea i . 180 ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXVII 2.3. he mos common nicknames o he iLona Mickienė, i a ba anauskienė inhabi an s o he Veliuona a ea due o physical cha ac e is ics, dis inc i e physical ea u es. o which 140 (36,27%). 2.3.1. mainly o a human appea ance (118). This g oup includes body pa s, s a u e and complexi y, simila i y and beau y, appea ance, clo hing, and i s de ails. 2.3.1.1. body pa desc ip i e p onouns we e de ec ed mainly (53). I has been obse ed ha mos o he names in he Veliuonos egion a e c ea ed acco ding o dis inc i e acial and head ea u es. This is also no ed by Al ydas Bu kus, who s udied Li huanian wo ds (Bu kus 1995: 36). he mo i es o such p onouns: (a) acial ea u es (6): F igh ened […] because […] e y igh ened sno ing[…]; The ace o a g asshoppe is shaped like a peacock. Toma oes […] o he cons an edness o he ace; S ale […] because he as e has been emo ed; Sal y […] because he ace is la ; he owel […] because i has an a ea on he owel; (b) skin (1): G eek […] because o he da k skin; (c) he neck (2): An isa […] he long neck; A e y hin neck. (d) head (3): Big head […] because o he la ge head; Hood […] because o he la ge head; T ikampė […] because he head is a icamp; The old man is no old ye , bu he is called so because he walks like an old man wi h he old man. A bea ded man wea s a bea d. has a la ge and dense bea d; ( ) hai and hai s yles (19): Sheep […] because hey a e e y p oud; Biguda […] because i is cu ed; Bu ius […] is a ga banzo; Ga banius […] a man wi h cu ly hai ; Mopas […] because o hei cu ly hai ; Ashes […] because […] ice […] and hai s and on end; hai ollicles; The cu l is because he hai is e y hick; She has na u al ed hai . Red […] hai is ed; Red-headed […] dyed hai ; Yellow-b eas ed […] wi h ligh hai ; I 's going o be b igh . Wa m […] ligh hai ; Undine […] e y long hai ; Vilnonis […] a guy wi h long hai ; A zombie is naked all he ime. yellow […] because o e y ligh hai ; A bald man is a bald man because o his hai . A bea ing o a hai cu ; I 's a man. The Smu wi h Glasses, o he G yphon wi h Glasses; a pe son g) akys (4): Čiukčius – siau os akys; Šamas – nes iš e s os akys, aukš o ūgio wea ing glasses; Ke u ak […] because he wea s glasses, he wea s glasses wi h double lenses; (h) ea s (1): Leopold […] because o he p o uding ea s; (i) ee h (5): Too h ai y […] ee h p o uding o wa d; e y loose ee h; I 's because o he big ee h, because o he looks. Rabbi […] wi h i s ee h cu o ; Zylė […] due o wide on ee h; Tee h […] because o e y la ge ee h; nose (4): Dumčius […] he nose is la ge; The g i in […] because he has a long nose, a man wi h a long nose; A bi d […] because i e y much bi es i s nose; The bi d-ea ing duck has a nose. k) Hands and ee signs (6): Če pė […] because he hands a e e y la ened; A man wi h c ooked ee is a man wi h c ooked ee . Klipšė […] because one leg is ou - Veliuonos apylinkių gy en ojų p a a dės: onomasiologinė mo y acija 181 a icles o he Code; Klišė […] wi h c ooked legs; Cliché […] because i is cliché; Leškabecause o he hick highs. 2.3.1.2. he complexi y and size a e cha ac e ized by he names o he inhabi an s o he 45 dis ic s o Veliuona. They measu e hickness and hickness, low and high heigh . 1) su names indica ing hickness and a ness a e w i en. 18 o hem a e mo e common su names upda ing hickness (14), e.g. Bačku ė […] o hickness; Whale […] no hick; a a man; Bacon […] because i is hick; Blizgė […] la ge panel; The bomb […] la ge; E o ica is e y hick; The ilm is abou a woman who is abou o ge ma ied. Ging as is a a man; Hill […] o appea ance; A a man is a a man; Kindziulis […] o he hickness; C ocodile […] la ge Reizė […] e y la ge woman; A hick […] is a hick, eal hick. Baldness is desc ibed less equen ly (4): Cucumbe s […] because o baldness; D y because i 's e y hin; A slugga d is a man because he is hin; Shapokliaka […] a small pa o he body. 2) he ee is cha ac e ized by 18 p onouns ha mo e o en upda e smallness, lowness (13), e.g. Musė […] nes maža; Sna glis […] 16 yea s old and e y small; Sna glius […] goes o he en h g ade, bu is e y bad a smoking and d inking; Sho […] because i is e y low; A small-sized bu e ly Small […] small size; Small […] man o small s a u e; Small […] small heigh ; Small […] small in heigh ; Coliukė […] because i is small; Ligh e […] small heigh ; The ches is e y small in heigh ; The kidneys a e e y small. high heigh emphasised less (5): La ge heigh […] high heigh ; Long […] e y high; because i 's e y high; Sabonis […] because he is e y all; The pilla […] la […] is all aukš o ūgio žmogus; ži a a – me g., nes labai aukš a. 3) kai ku iomis p a a dėmis apibūdinamas i ūgis, i kompleksija (9), p z.: Gys- and […] hin, all and hin; G ing as […] la ge and high; Fo he pu poses o his Annex, he ollowing de ini ions shall apply: Fo small and a , sho , he calls himsel so; Small […] small and la ge; The ee is all and he ee is all, he man is all; Bea […] small and la ge; Silk is all and e y hick; A small-sized bu unduk; small and la ge; Ki min is high and high. In addi ion, 15 wo ds we e ound ha indica e ex e nal esemblance, beau y, and iming. The e a e se e al g oups o simila i ies: (1) pe sonal names, (9) su names, o example: Gina […] e y simila o he ac ess Gina om he TV se ies […]San a Ba ba a[…]; Lenin […] because his head is s uck; S uchkus […] because o i s esemblance o a mo ie cha ac e ; Sha ik […] looks like he he oes o he mo ie Sha ik; Shimsha […] o appea ance; Shu ik […] does no esemble; Ted […] because i looks like Ted om San a Ba ba a; Te esa […] walks and alks like a woman; Cigons […] Ba on; simila o a chicken; he beau y and li es yle o he inhabi an s o Veliuona is a ely emphasised (2): G ažuolė […] 182 ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXVII 2) zooapelia y us (3), o example: Bičiulio iLona Mickienė, i a ba anauskienė beždžionė […] simila o he beždžionė; The chick is simila o he pa sley. D izzle […] because i is simila o a d izzle; 3) supe na u al beings (1), o example: De il […] because he looks like a de il, because he's d unk like a de il. because i is beau i ul; Cup icious […] o he sake o he cup, because wi h he cup. 2.3.1.4. clo hing and i s de ails a e upda ed ela i ely a ely (5): The sailo […] wea s d y shi s; Mil on […] had he jeans […]Mil ons[…]; The ca is wea ing a sca . Ap iaškė because she always wea s igh pan s; Bo užė because clo hes a e usually spo ed. Human mo emen is desc ibed by eigh wo ds. I has been obse ed ha i indica es he cha ac e is ics and de ec s o i on: Klipšys […] sliding walking; Nindzes whole amily is called ha , hey walk like lies; Penguin […] because o i on, s ou and goes languid; Decides abou his i on; S u […] because i uns as ; Anchises […] because hey cu l when hey walk; The ki en […] walks wi h a leap; Zucchini because o he as unning. 2.3.3. low de ec ion o audi o y physical cha ac e is ics ela ed o speech (5): Cypal […] because o e y hin oice; The lu e […] because i has a melodious oice; He's a bi o a weasel because o his hin oice. 2.3.4. nega i e human cha ac e is ics a e ac ualized by physiological p ope ies. hei ap ics a e only 3: suc ion […] d inking suc ion; Smi sk […] because i s inks; This is a man who smells. 2.3.5. when gi ing hei easons o he names, esponden s some imes indica e apibūdinančius požymius (6): žiu kė – a sikišę dan ys kaip žiu kės i da k ailai se e al ways in which hey a e d essed; Indėnė […] o speaking loudly and being b igh ly colo ed; The skull is e y hick. A man wi h a ace like a skull; Egg […] egg-shaped ace; always unclean clo hes, ne e washed, ne e sha ed; The c ipple […] speaks and walks like a woman; The ca e pilla is low and goes in o a ance. 2.4. associa ions o labelling wo ds a e "unlikely o be labelled, as hey a e de i ed om a name o su name" (bu kus 1995: 103). Hypoc i ical names, i.e. abb e ia ions o names, a e no conside ed o be names. Liucė […] because he name is Liucija; Rička […] om he name Richa d; Vi ka […] om he name Vy au as. The e a e many a ia ions o such names in he Veliuona egion, and hey a e especially common among he younge gene a ion. Howe e , hypochond iac su names a e ea ed di e en ly. hei abb e ia ions, cases o leng hening a e conside ed o be names o pe sons and pe sonal names ma king p onouns. Some associa i e p onouns a e made om a pe sonal name (28), o he s om a su name e.g. (60): Aucas […] he name o he an ; Bimbis […] because he name is se ious; Bo u ė […] om he name bi u ė; Cy ius […] om he name blue; Čecha […] because he name is The egg […] he ge ald; Veliuonos apylinkių gy en ojų p a a dės: onomasiologinė mo y acija 183 a icles by a icles Bakanė […] because he su name is bakanai ė; Balanda […] om he su name Ba adauskas; Big […] because he su name begonis; The bull […] he baboon; Cilius […] because he su name is Cilician; A bu e ly […] om he su name Many. Česlo as; Jack Kiau I is in e es ing o no e ha an unusual case o spelling o a su name has also been ound, whe e a su name is made om a i s name and a las name, o example: Simas […] om he su name simana ičius, om he i s name imas. O he o al, 94 (24.35%) a e such su names. hey can be di ided in o phone ic and seman ic. 2.4.1. Acco ding o phone ic associa ions, he e a e 88 compound wo ds. associa i e p onouns a e: (a) names o objec s: Ruby […] name Robe ; Ruble […] om he name Robe ; Spu ga […] because he name is Ju ga; Sulė […] because he name is Saul; Vadenilis […] om he name Vandelins; gu […] because he name is amilia ; Mo ia […] om he name jū a ė; "Ishmu is" is he name o he illage, I mu is; (b) names o animals: Bimbis […] because he name is se ious; Bo u ė […] om he name bi u ė; Sha k […] om he name Sha on, yellow […] because he name is yellow; The bull […] he baboon; Dandelion […] om he su name Many; Cilius […] because he su name is Cilician; Gužas […] su name Gudžionas; Kabans […] om he su name Bakan; Le as […] is he su name Liu ina ičius; The name o he ish […] he name o he ishe man; This is he pa a dė Šeškauskai ė; c) augalų pa adinimus: Giliukas – nes a das gile a; Pina ijas – a das bijūnas; […]me gau inė Balanda[…] om he su name ba adauskas; Died o his su name, Diem. Big […] because he su name begonis; Lau a […] because he name is Lau inai is; Liepa […] because he su name is Lieponis; The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion. ligh house […] because he name is ligh house; (d) special names: Mindžius […] name Mindaugas; Sadis ė […] because he su name is Saduskienė; Su names, su names and su names No he n […] om he su name Bal ušai is; Šniokš as […] because he su name Šniokai is; (e) names and su names o pe sons: Bakanė […] su name bakanai ė; Joy […] om he su name Jiongys; Elzė […] because he su name is elzbe gienė; Gudas […] because he su name Gudi is; […] las name Gus a gus ai is; Gu ė […] om he su name go au as; Jasius […] su name is jasukynas; Fligh […] The ligh ; His las name is Lukas Lukianskas; Maja […] because he su name is Majaskas; Mikas […] Mikalauskas; also known as Mikas […] Mikalauskas Pe ia […] om he su name Pe kus; Pe as […] om he su name Pe a ičius; Poškė […] because he su name Pošku ė; Skadimi […] because he su name is Skad; Šležas […] su name Šleže ičius; U bas […] om he su name U bana ičius; Vizgė […] su name Vizgai ienė; also known as Vizgė Zeble […] because he su name is Zabliauskai ė; Und a […] om he su name undu ai is; ( ) o he appella i es, usually wi h a nega i e conno a ion: Pinda […] because he name is Inga; Di mo […] because he su name is Bu mese; D ess […] su name d essmake ; The su name […] he su name […] he su name […] Zombė […] because he su name Zambeze ičiū ė; Sap on is he su name o a sap onchik.