Rankraštinis Frydrichui Wilhelmui Hakui priskiriamas vokiečių–lietuvių kalbų žodynas Čekijoje

318 o he Li huanian Linguis ic Ac LXXI iLja LeMeŠkin P ahos ka olio uni e si e as The di ec ions o scien i ic esea ch a e: old Bal ic li e a u e and w i ing, compa a i e olklo e, lexicog aphy, his o y o he Bal ic. The manusc ip o F ede ick The wo d "p iski ia" in he Czech Republic is de i ed om he wo d "p iski ia" in he Czech Republic. Manusc ip ge man–Li huanian dic iona y c edi ed o ied ich-Wilhelm haack in he czech epublic2 anno a ion klemen inume p ese ed Li huanian lexicological sou ce, da ed o he hi een h and ou een h decades o he hi een h cen u y, en e ed he academic Vienna and P ague e pene no la e han 1777 m. The a icle deals wi h he P ague manusc ip o he Ge man-language ocabula y ela ed o he his o y o Aus ia […] pe iod […] 1777-1861. an a emp is made o iden i y he owne s o he dic iona y, he g oup o esea che s-use s. The ques ion a ises why and unde wha ci cums ances he dic iona y came o Vienna and la e o P ague, who he was impo an o. A icle 1 is based on a p ojec unded by he S a e Commission o he Li huanian Language o examine and publish a manusc ip dic iona y o Ge man-speaking languages (XVIII cen u y) a ibu ed o F ied ich Wilhelm Haacke (T ea y no. k-4/2012, da ed 2012-02-01). The a icle is w i en unde he amewo k o he p ojec "The esea ch and edi ing o he manusc ip Ge man-Li huanian dic iona y c edi ed o F ied ich Wilhelm Haecke (beginning o he 18 h cen u y)." (con ac no. k-4/2012, da e o conclusion is 1 Feb ua y 2012). These wo ds a e: he dic iona y o he Ge manic languages, he lexicog aphy o Eas P ussia, F ied ich Wilhelm Hakas, Mo iejus Philonomas Benešo sky, Joseph Valen inas Zlobickis, Joseph Dob o sky, Pa el Joseph Sha a ik, F ancis Ladisla Chelako sky, and Leopold Gei le . KeyWo ds: Ge manLi huanian dic iona y, lexicog aphy o he eas P ussia, by ied ich-wilhelm haack, ma ouš benešo ský Philonomus, jose Valen in zlobický, jose dob o ský, Pa el jose Ša ařík; F enchman Čelako ský, also known as Leopold Gei le . The Li huanian lexicog aphical sou ce s o ed in he Clemen inum and da ing back o he hi d ank aš inis yd ichui Wilhelmui hakui p iski iamas okiečių–lie u ių kalbų žodynas Čekijoje and ou h decades o he 18 h cen u y ound i s way o he academic en i onmen o Ge man […] Li huanian dic iona y be ween he pe iods o […] 1777 […] 1861 is analyzed in he a icle. A codex called Hacke. Lexicon Li huanicum (w i en on he back), cu en ly kep in he Vienna-P ague no la e han in 1777. he aus ian his o y o he P ague manusc ip o he Clemen ine, in he Depa men o Manusc ip s and Old Publica ions o he Na ional Lib a y o i is a emp ed o iden i y he owne s o he dic iona y alongside wi h he esea che s – ‘use s’. he ques ion why and unde wha ci cums ances he dic iona y appea ed in Vienna and la e in P ague, and wha signi icance i con ained is aised. he Czech Republic (Ná odní kniho na Oddělení ukopisů a s a ých isků, sig na ū a XVi. .30). The manusc ip book, da ed o he hi d o ou h decades o he i een h cen u y, consis s o wo pa s. The i s (2 […]344 ) is a dic iona y o Ge manic-Li huanian languages, which ep esen s he g oup o small Li huanian manusc ip s, including: Lexicon Li huanicum3, K au se[…]s wo ds4, ich e io wo ds5, Cla is Ge manico[…]Li h ana6, wo ds wi h signa u e Msc. 84 4° 7 . he second pa ( om 345 ) […] a much mo e au hen ic, ad anced lexicological summa y Obse a io de o igine Ve bo um Li whanio um, mo e p ecisely, i s beginning ( o mo e on he manusc ip sou ce, i s s uc u e, he na u e o he cons i uen pa s and he au ho ship, see Lemeškin 2012, 2013). A lexicog aphical monumen was c ea ed in Li huania acco ding o he solu ion o he wa e jelly ish, which p obably soon se led in he hall. This is s a ed in a dona ion en y om he Hall o Reali ies (1 ), in which he au ho ship o he wo d is a ibu ed o F ied ich Wilhelm Haack ( ied ich Wilhelm haack): This is Auc o Hacke. Wa P eache in Li huania. Ha and hood To s udy in Halle. Seine Sp ach is p in ed on he lea he o he Weisenhause. Don' gi e up [D] The Baumga en 3a. he middle; P o ec ed by LMab s: . 137[…]10; acsimile: Lexicon Li huanicum 1987. Fou een h cen u y, hi d o ou h decade; The da e o he manusc ip is da ed 1984 by D u inas. The i h dic iona y o he wo d " ich e " (o "klaipėdiški") da es om 1728. s o ed in he a chi es o he F ench ins i u ions in he hall: a s j 84. 6 saugomas LMab s: . 137 13-14; išleis as Vincen o d o ino 1995–1997 m. – Cla is Ge manico- Li h ana 1995–1997. 7 iki an ojo pasaulinio ka o saugomas ka aliaučiaus slap ajame ka ališkajame a chy e ėzos onde; šiuo me u laikomas neišlikusiu. 320 ac a iLja LeMeŠkin Linguis ica Li huanica LXXI The au ho Hacke was a p eache in Li huania. You s udied in he hall. his linguis ic wo k mus ha e been published in he Weisenhause p in ing house. He dona ed he Baumga en. The sequen ial p o enance (1 ) indica es ano he con ex o he lexicog aphic monumen 's su i al […] he academic o he Aus ian Hunga ians: Fo me book by Josephi Zlobický P o esso o li e a u e a he Uni e si y o Vienna, 1777. 1875 m. ank aš inio žodyno duomenimis kukliai pasinaudojo čekų sla is as, li uanis as Leopoldas gei le is (1847–1885). Į sa o Bei äge zu Nesselmanns li auis- In he Wö e buch he included (gei le 1875: 74123) he lexemes me lė (p. 96), he pa upelis (p. 103) and he p ana as (p. 104) wi h he no e aus einem in de p age bewah en li . wö e buche. kelin ais me ais jo panaudo as žodynas pa eko į „P ahos biblio hek au biblio ek, i.e. in o he hen P ague impe ial oyal public and uni e si y lib a y, i is no clea . he seal o he lib a y REGIAE BIBLIOTH. The ACAD. PRAGEN, p in ed on se e al pages o a manusc ip book, was used om he ounding o he lib a y, i.e. om 1777 o he beginning o he 19 h cen u y. The wo d also appea s in he oldes ( i s hal o he 19 h cen u y) desc ip ion o he lib a y's unds, speci ically in i s main pa , which co e s he pe iod up o 1861, so he lexical wo k o Li huanian o igin in he e i o y o he Aus ian Veng ia is i mly a es ed as ea ly as 1777-1861. The ollowing ques ions a ise a he same ime: (1) When exac ly, i.e. in 1777 o be o e, why and unde wha ci cums ances did he dic iona y become he "zlobic" (zlobic) dic iona y o Joseph Valen in? Why and when did he dic iona y lea e Vienna o P ague, and on whose ini ia i e did i en e he collec ion o he public uni e si y lib a y? 3. o whom was he dic iona y a ailable o he Bal ic people o P ague, i.e. how and by whom did i in luence he de elopmen o Czech philology in he 19 h cen u y? The answe s o hese and o he ques ions will be ound in his a icle. 1. In o de o shed ligh on he eme gence o Li huanian lexicog aphic ma e ial, i s dissemina ion, i s ele ance in he Czech Republic, we will i s u n ou a en ion g ęžimas į ling is ikos is o iją, konk ečiai į XVi a. pabaigą, padeda ge iau sup as- i XViii–XiX a. P ahos ilologų požiū į į bal ų kalbų leksikos iš eklius. o he ea lie epoch. In he Czech Republic, he Li huanian heme i s appea ed in 1587 in he wo k o P o osla Mo iejaus Philonomo benešo ski (Ma ouš benešo ský Philonomus, 1550-1595) published in P ague by he books o e Knijžka slow Cžeských wyložených 321s aps a icles om whe e swůj počá ek magí ( o iž) yaký ges gegich ozum ([…]Book o ank aš inis yd ichui Wilhelmui hakui p iski iamas okiečių–lie u ių kalbų žodynas Čekijoje Czech wo ds, explaining whe e hey come om and wha hei meaning is[…]) is conside ed he i s e ymological wo d o he Sla ic language. The Li huanian language does no appea in he main ex (as is now cus oma y), bu in he au ho 's speech, which dissemina es hough s on he e inemen o he Czech language. unusual, om ou con empo a y poin o iew, and he ole o he Li huanian language in his discou se. I 's no unde s ood as one o he mos aluable ealiza ions o speech, bu as a compelling example. The Li huanian language is becoming an ecolinguis ic h ea ha should wa n and appeal o he mo e conscious Czechs o speak he pu e Czech language: a e we much di e en om pa o s, sha ks and o he bi ds ha can speak he human language, bu wi hou eason, because hey do no know wha hey a e alking abou ? So when we mix a lo o Ge man and La in wo ds in o ou language and we don' unde s and hem, we' e going o be like hose un easoning bi ds ha , as hei spelling was augh , so (as hey we e augh ) is p oposed. In he end, i will ine i ably happen ha we will ha e a mix u e o languages, no like Li huania, a na ion ha , acco ding o i s name, consis s o di e en peoples, because Li huania is a slow Czeski wyložených om whe e he sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw sw. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal. 322 ac a iLja LeMeŠkin Linguis ica Li huanica LXXI Collec iuum nomen, deno ing a mul i ude o di e en people who ha e one nickname om he G eek, Sla ic, I alian, and Ge man languages. Tha 's why I'm no so su p ised by innocen people who don' ake in o accoun he ac s, bu like he o he s. I'm amazed a hose who do wha hey' e augh o ac ually do, which is o include in hei w i ings a lo o unknowns, un amilia i ies, and wo ds ha a e o en eally ha d o p onounce. Wha 's wi h he wo d "E banucky", he wo d "Halspan ", he wo d "A mpan ", and all he o he di y wo ds ha a lo o people don' unde s and and don' coun ? Why shouldn' Czech say "p egnan " ins ead o he b oken G eek wo d "p anos yka", which obscu es meaning and meaning? (benešo ský 1587: 67)8 I seems unusual ha M. benešo skis, also known as he au ho o he 1577 G amma ica bohemica, igh ens he socie y o ha ime wi h he Li huanian language. To Czech ea s, she mus ha e been unhea d o . Pe haps a simila s a emen o se e i y, made abou wha a e y accessible language he Czechs a e, would be me wi h objec ions om eade s. The example o a language ha is no a away, "con amina ed" and "mixed" kokių sume imų au o ius be u ė ų, kalbėdamas bei šį ą apie lie u ių kalbos pobūdį eigdamas, is iek sa o pas a s ymuose u ėjo em is kuo no s konk ečiu. could be much be e in his espec . Howe e , he possibili y canno be uled ou ha he had some pe sonal, i.e. li ing, o agmen a y, expe ience ( he e is eason o belie e ha he pe son accompanying he mission isi ed Poland b ie ly). He could ha e bo owed he idea om somewhe e else, ha is, he could ha e jus epea ed i in his shop. a possible sou ce may also be indica ed. Such knowledge could ha e been sp ead in he Czech Republic by he Czech Jesui Bal aza Hos ounsky (1535-1600 06 07), who e u ned om he Vilnius Jesui College in P ague in 1571 o each La in, G eek, heology (see b oade na bu as 2011: 58 […] 60). A ha ime, Mo iejus benešo ie is was abou o g adua e om he college (we lea ned om documen a y sou ces abou his in en ion o g adua e om he Jesui s, see mo e widely koupil 2007: […] 2234). A look a he Li huanian language as a mix u e o languages could ha e been o med by he Jesui s who ounded he Vilnius College, bu i could ha e been inhe i ed om ea lie imes. We ind i s e lec ions as ea ly as he 19 h cen u y, o example, in he li e a y polemics o Simona daukan a wi h educa ed men, in whose eyes "Li huanian language should be a synonym o all languages" (daukan as 1976: 64). In addi ion, ano he impo an ci cums ance should be aken in o accoun . The monas e y was ounded in 1592 by a monk named M. Benešo ský, who li ed in he monas e y un il 1592 when he died, and in his monas e y, now called Na Slo anec, he longes su i ing Sla ic li u gy (Hunáček 1975). I is belie ed ha he e, acco ding o he summoning o he ounde Cha les IV and his poli ical plans, he o ces and co esponding w i ing esou ces needed o he empi e o expand o he eas we e accumula ed. A he beginning o he 19 h cen u y, his Sla ic sc ip had a pa icula ly signi ican place, pe haps, in he P ussian sc ip u es, which, acco ding o he a ibu ion o Pe e Voi , was depic ed (as a oken o g a i ude) in he monas e y in his Russian P ussian Bible […] illus a ion o he siege o Je usalem (Knígi... ca ni ... P aha, 1518, Voi . 183; 2014). Un o una ely, ou 8 This and he nex quo e we e ansla ed by he au ho o he a icle. 323 pages o a icles om he days did ank aš inis yd ichui Wilhelmui hakui p iski iamas okiečių–lie u ių kalbų žodynas Čekijoje no each he desc ip ion o he monas e y lib a y, om which we could judge abou he Sla ic and Bal ic monumen s p ese ed in he monas e y a ha ime. In P ague, in 1587, a dissemina ion o opinions on he p ope ies o he Li huanian language ook place. Howe e , he g amma o he Li huanian language had o wai bu o kilusi iš g e inimų su sla ų kalbo- mis, ku ioms ap a iamoji knyga iesiogiai un il 1653. Na u ally, he un a o able a i ude owa ds he Li huanian language is based no on he compa ison o g amma ical subjec s wi h each o he , bu on handw i en, non-linguis ic monumen s, speci ically hei lexicon. In addi ion, he componen s o he heo y (Dini 2009) we e in e p e ed by lexical esou ces. The Li huanian ocabula y consis ed o he ollowing cons i uen s a a: G eek, Sla ic, I alian, and Ge man. he lexicog aphic sou ces (o he medie al ype […] elbingo) we e he bes o his pu pose. o hem, especially beyond he bo de s o e hnic Li huania, ha e long been deal wi h he speci ici y o languages and hei ela ions wi h each o he . Un o una ely, his me hod o wo k was no limi ed o he ime when he concep o paleo-compa a i e hinking was o ming in he Czech Republic. I was widesp ead in he i s hal o he 13 h cen u y and e en in he i s hal o he 19 h cen u y. T adi ional, inhe i ed om an iqui y endency o wo k wi h dic iona ies, which p obably led o he eme gence o he dic iona y o he mino Li huanian Ge man-speaking languages In Vienna, and la e in P ague. A close look a M. Benešo sky's book e eals ano he impo an en i onmen , which is i XVi a. pabaigoje, i XiX a. p adžioje ska ino domė is i y inė i lie u ių leksi- kog a iją. Lie u ių kalbos žodynai bu o ypa ingai s a būs nus a an sla ų kalbų, he sp ead o na ions. In he case o M. Benešo ský, his e o is clea ly being implemen ed. The au ho , emphasizing he signi icance o he Czech-Sla ic language and unde lining he Ge man language, ies o co e he en i e as geog aphy o he Sla ic an a p iežas is ska ina mane šį dalyką išleis i – idan žino ų isi okiečiai, kad okie- wo ld: he Czech language as a mix u e is no only Ge man, bu o he languages besides nemažai ki ų k aš ų [p iklauso], pa yzdžiui, ba a ija, Š abija, nyde landų žemės i 324 iLja LeMeŠkin ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXI he Ge man language a e mo e amilia o hem. In addi ion, he Czech language is spoken no only in he Czech lands hemsel es, bu also in mo e han a hund ed lands whe e ou Sla ic language is spoken: Czechia, Mo a ia, Silesia, Lusa ia, Lesse Poland, G ea Poland, Mozambique, Palenque, G ea Russia, Bela us, Volhynia, Podolia, Kie an Rus, Se e od insk, Kashubia and many o he s in he Kingdom o Poland. In addi ion, he e a e many a eas in he Moscow P incipali y. in he Se bian na ion. many lands a e uled by Tu ks. In he Kingdom o Hunga y, in he Kingdom o Dalma ia, in he Kingdom o C oa ia, in he Kingdom o Bulga ia, in he Kingdom o Libu nia, in he Kingdom o Slo enia, in he Kingdom o Bosnia. All hese na ions use he same Sla ic language, so ou language canno be na ow. [...] Cice o achie ed g ea ame and p aise in whose language? O cou se, in his home own. And Demos henes, in he language in which he was bo n, is known as a alke . We also know ha nei he G eek no La in can be equa ed wi h he Sla ic language, because all hose G eek lands a e al eady Sla ic. and he Tu kish dominions, he C oa ian language sp ead widely. The G eek and La in languages ha e died ou , he e is some con usion among he educa ed people, bu he e is no sepa a e land ha speaks ei he G eek o La in. And ou language has co e ed a la ge pa o he wo ld o such an ex en ha no o he language unde he hea ens can ully ma ch i . (benešo ský 1587: 5, 78) I is sel -e iden ha because o i s alleged con amina ion, he Li huanian language is no among i s p es igious Sla ic languages. The Collec i e o Li huanian Names does no ind in he long lis o Sla ic lands be ween he Czech Republic, Mo a ia, Silesia, Lužice, Poland, e c. The au ho 's a gumen a ion de e mines he le el o linguis ic hough in he 15 h cen u y. Looking a i om a mode n pe spec i e, he na u e o he esea ch o ha e a seems qui e peculia , bu he main conclusion ha he Li huanian language does no belong o he Sla ic languages is su p ising in i s p og ess. This disco e y in 1587 was in e p e ed in he con ex o he philology o he i s hal o he 19 h cen u y, when whi es we e s ill o en classi ied as Sla s. The e is no doub ha he ocabula y o he p o enance o he Halé in he hi een h and nine een h cen u ies was a ac i e and necessa y o Minčių, ling is inio y imo ęs inumą ge ai ilius uoja XiX a. pi mosios pusės čekų ilologo an išeko Ladisla o Čelako skio (Čelako ský, 1799–1852) eikla. kaip bal is as . L. Čelako skis pi mą ka ą pasi eiškė 1825 m., leisdamas Slowans- ké ná odnj pjsně ( . 1 – 1822, . 2 – 1825, . 3 – 1827). Į an ą omą jis įdėjo is sol e he ques ion o he cu en ela ions be ween he whi es and he Sla s om he y inėjimo: Laučenj newěs y (Asz a sisakiau sawo mocžu ei…, p. 200–202 = uhig, ime o M. Benešo sky. Tha 's p obably why he dic iona y o igina ed in Vienna and la e in P ague. Li huanian songs, aken om he Li huanian language o he Pilypo uig, s yle and p ope ies no. 3, p. 7778, Nep acowi é děwče (Asz u ějau ži gužěli..., p. 202205 = uhig, no. 2, p. 7677), Dce uška wyp owodiw uhšj milého (Anks i y ą, y uži..., p. 205206 = uhig, no. 1, p. 7576). All he songs o his la ge io collec ion we e eleased in he o iginal language wi h a pa allel ansla ion in o Czech. This was done so ha he eade could see o himsel he kinship o he languages. The appea ance o Li huanian songs in his collec ion indica es ha he o ganize ca ed abou he simila i y o he Bal ic and Sla ic languages. The eason why Li huanian songs appea ed in he collec ion o Sla ic songs, qui e in ank aš inis yd ichui Wilhelmui hakui p iski iamas okiečių–lie u ių kalbų žodynas Čekijoje de ail, based on linguis ic a gumen s and s a emen s o M. Benešo ski, is explained by F. L. Če la ko skis himsel : o his ocabula y and his son's g amma . The he dsman and Šios ys ža ingos dainos y a paim os iš uigio ak a o apie lie u ių kalbą, p idė o he shephe d epo ed enough abou hei beau y. Do hey eally belong o he collec ion o sla ic songs? To his and o ano he e en mo e impo an ques ion: can Li huanian be classi ied as a Sla ic language? I 's easy o answe . Compa ing he g amma and ocabula y o he Li huanian and Sla ic languages, i is immedia ely appa en ha all he nume ous Sla ic languages a e mo e simila and mo e ela ed o each o he han any o he Sla ic languages and he Li huanian language, compa ed om bo h posi ions. I has no ye been decided which o he mo e au onomous languages can be assigned o his mix u e o mul ilingual languages. i is no decided whe he i is possible (as he Polish p. [ksa e as] bogušas claims and p o es) o call i , a close ela i e o La ian, in o he wo ds, he Ku sk language, he sel -p oclaimed language. Ruigys, in he abo e-men ioned shop, conside s he G eek language o be he ances o o he Li huanian language and p o ides, as p oo , abou ou hund ed wo ds o he same sound o o he same oo . Howe e , Sla ic languages can also be conside ed he same ances o . 326 ac a iLja LeMeŠkin Linguis ica Li huanica LXXI This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. A e e iewing he same uigio dic iona y (e en incomple e), I ound negu šešis šim us žodžių, ku ie pa- našiai skamba a ba u i bend ą šaknį9 mo e wi h Sla ic languages, no coun ing de i a i es and de i a i es. Howe e , I would ag ee ha he g amma ical a angemen o he kų negu sla ų10 kalbomis, no s i o gana mažai. ki a giminys ė andama [Li huanian] language has mo e in common wi h he g ey La in, Ge manic languages, as well as he Roma (Cigonian) language, bu i s easons mus be sough u he by e e ing o Sansk i . I can be seen om his ha i he Li huanian language canno be classi ied as Sla ic, ye his language […] oge he wi h La ian and he ex inc old P ussian language (as a as can be deduced om i s emains) […] is mo e closely ela ed o Sla ic han o G eek, La in and Ge manic languages, so i is a leas pa ially classi ied as ou language. The e o e, he e, on hese pages, Li huanian songs a e unde s ood as dis an Sla ic ela i es. D . Reza p omised o publish a comple e collec ion o Li huanian songs soon (1818); I don' know i ha 's wha happened. (Čelako ský 1825: 220[…]222) In 1825 a ai ly de ailed no e on he Li huanian language was published in he Sla ic olk songs, a ex ual connec ion wi h he P ague linguis ic publica ion o 1587 (M. benešo ský: jos pobūdį i san ykį su ki omis kalbomis, isų pi ma sla ų; šioje pas aboje aki- Ly wa ge Collec iu nomen lidu mno wi oličného name nagj cý K eři Rckého Slo anského Německo lakého a Wyaku yanu pl 9[…] he Sla ic esea che explains some o he wo ds whose o igins a e di icul o explain in he wo ds o he na i e language, and he ease o ansla ion and ansla ion. Fo example, he wo d b ide, lies. ne édes comes om edu, in . es i, which means: a) ou […] edu[…], b) […]ženjm se, wdàwám se[…], simila o he La in duce e (uxo em). So ou b ide is as i she we e no being d agged, he b ide, in spi e o he so ness o he ě, which in Sla ic lips easily u ned in o a so ness. In addi ion, i is wo h no ing ha in he i s cen u y C.E., he singula -u (o -mi, which is G eek) cons an ly co esponded, as in Sla ic languages, o he conjunc ion […] - i, which is also simila o kai oma, e.g. mes i, glaud, glaus i and . . as in, o example, lie. I'm going o bed. Asha a, a sa a o shake he head; he lie. Ba , please. he ba […]; he lie. bu inay, o. bu […] he lie. he aind ops, o. I 's called a "sca b". he lie. In he mo ning, o. b eak as in he mo ning and so on and so o h. In ac , P. J. Sha a ik's opinion on he Sla ic ances y is no di e en om ha o J. do ank aš inis yd ichui Wilhelmui hakui p iski iamas okiečių–lie u ių kalbų žodynas Čekijoje B o ski, which was s a ed much ea lie . j. dob o sky as he sou ce o his posi ion he di ec ly poin s ou (p. 360) in his Sla ic an iqui ies: "We pe cei e he Li huanian ibal peoples as he senbu ians o ou homeland, who in ancien , deep p ehis o ic imes li ed wi h hei Sla ic b o he s in he Bal ic Pami " (Ša ařík 1837: 366). He goes on o w i e abou he kinship be ween he Whi e and Sla ic peoples: "In p ehis o ic imes, he Li huanian and Sla ic peoples we e unde s ood as b anches o he same ibe, bu in his o ical imes, o ex e nal easons, hey sepa a ed so much ha we now conside hem sepa a e. Ne e heless, we look a hese s ones as he closes among all o he Indo-Eu opeans. In he Indo-Eu opean ibes as a whole, we pu hese wo a e nal s ones oge he and nex o each o he , calling hem collec i ely he Vendae. The sepa a ion om he Li huanian ibe undoub edly occu ed sho ly a e hei mo e o Eu ope (Ša ařík 1837: 361). Fu he de elopmen , acco ding o P. J. Sha a ik, was de e mined by he in e e ence o o eign peoples in he common space o whi es and Sla s. Go hs and o he Ge mans uined he li es o he a ge . Di e en eac ions o he p essu e o he Go hs e en ually led o a spli be ween he Sla s and he Whi es. Speci ically, he whi es who emained in hei places came o he Go hs' ule, and he eedom-seeking Sla s wi hd ew a away. I wen down o he g ound nea he a as. The g ea e a chaici y o he mo phological s uc u e o he Bela usian languages compa ed o he Sla ic ones is explained by he linguis and his o ian himsel […] acco ding o he p o ision o he e i al o he Czech (and o he Sla ic) na ion: […]one ( he Sla ic language) many cen u ies be o e Ch is he s ange illed and ook oo , he o he ( he Sla ic language) wen i s own way, de eloped eely and by i sel , and as a esh and powe ul plan g ew e e ywhe e, expanded i s b anches, lea es, b anches and ui s[…] (Ša ařík 1837: 362). The e o e, he iew o J. Dob o ski was u he aken o e and ex ended by he Slo ak P. J. Ša ařík. A ema kable ole played by whi e people. Sla ic ances y in P ague in he 19 h cen u y was ac i ely sough , bu he localiza ion o ancien whi es did no aise ques ions (320 BC - 175 AD). P. J. Ša ařík himsel bases he Bal ic se lemen s on he Bal ic e ymology o he name o he Bal ic Sea. Wi h he simila i y o languages and cul u es in mind, he esea che s also localized he Sla s based on he whi es. The whi es, in sea ch o Sla ic ances y, se ed as a poin o e lec ion. This led o he expulsion o he Sla s ( he same whi es, only he pa o hem ha wan ed eedom) om he Bal ic coas . As an example o P. J. Sha a ik's hinking, we will gi e his summa y exce p : he ea ly inhabi an s o he Bal ic Pami nea he Vis ula i e s we e Sla s, who we e la e (p obably in he i h cen u y B.C.) expelled om he e by he Go hs. We canno say wi h ce ain y wha he si ua ion o he wo b o he ly peoples, Li huanians and Sla s, was, and especially along he banks o he Gin e , and wha hei ela ions we e wi h each o he . Howe e , i can be assumed ha as child en o he same ibe, hey spoke li le o li le di e en ly a ha ime, and belie and cus oms we e closely ela ed. They li ed peace ully side by side in ha whole illage. They we e known o he olde au ho s by he name o winds. o wa 334 ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXI lands, o Pama į and Vyslą, he expulsion o he iLja LeMeŠkin Vindi om he e and he conques o he Li huanian peoples changed he ela ions go ų i jų gen ainių, daba žinomų kaip indilai a ba andalai, įsi e žimas į indų be ween he wo peoples. The Sla s pushed he Go hs and o he Ge mans away om he Bal ic Sea, and he Cel s pushed he Cel s away om he Ad ia ic Sea. Seeing no o he way ou and lo ing a ee and peace ul li e, hey mo ed u he no h, whe e hey encoun e ed no esis ance. Li huanian peoples mixed wi h he Go hs and o he Ge mans and, ha ing among hemsel es s ill ine-g ained hei pu e na ionali y, g adually los i and he e o e dis anced hemsel es om he da a also ga he ed sla ų“ (Ša ařík 1837: 366). ačiau su P. j. Ša aříko požiū iu nesu inka li uanis as . L. Čelako skis, ku is om he Li huanian Manusc ip o he Li le Li huania o he Ge manic languages. F. L. Chelako sky was o ced o unde ake, as has al eady been men ioned, a special lexicog aphic wo k. The wo d, which he wo ked on un il his dea h, aised a sepa a e linguis ic concep . . L. Čelako ský widely expounded i in con e sa ion wi h colleagues, gi ing lec u es a he uni e si ies o W oclaw and P ague: Finally, we see a special and in e es ing ela ionship be ween he Li huanian language (and a he same ime i s win […] La ian and dead old P ussian languages) and he Sla ic languages, which a ac s he a en ion o e e y Sla . This language dese es o be gi en mo e ca e in gene al, especially while i is s ill ali e in he wo ld; because, gi en he ex inc ion o he Spa ans and he expansion o neighbo ing languages (Ge man on one side, Russian on he o he ), i may happen ha less han a couple o cen u ies will pass and he descendan s o he Li huanian dai ys will be in ain. Li huanian g amma is e y au hen ic and accu a e, bu he lexicon o o eign languages is o e illed and con amina ed. Almos hal o he wo ds in mode n Li huanian a e en i ely Sla ic. Mos o his lexicon came om Polish and Russian, and his is e y easily explained by he his o ically well-known li e in he neighbo hood o a housand yea s. I canno be assumed ha o he common Li huanian and Sla ic language wo ds, meaning simple concep s, also a ose only in he C e aceous e a: we a e mos inclined o ha p ehis o ic sou ce om which, o example, he Sansk i kinship wi h he Sla ic languages a ises. Ano he g oup o basic wo ds is qui e peculia and ypical only o he Li huanian language. In pa , we also ind bo owings om Ge man, Finnish, and o he languages. Fou hund ed yea s ago, we can s ill see he sp ead o he Li huanian language and he na ion as e y wide […] he g ea p inces used o cas hei scep e e en on he Black Sea. Bu he slums in il a ed deep in o Cen al Eu ope. Wha else can be assumed when he Pome anian, Rügen, Mecklenbu g, B andenbu g w i ings om he X cen u y bo y a ka ais nuš iečia i okius amžius, apie ku iuos nu yli is o ija. Šiam mokslui padedan , sužinome, kad lie u ių gen is ne ik palei isą bal ijos jū ą gy eno, be sa o onwa ds da e back o he beginning o he 13 h cen u y, when an ex ac o he e ms o kinship was made om he M. G. F. Nesselmann dic iona y. jį . L. Čelako skis iš knygų pla in ojo ga o 1851 m. asa io 13 d. Can we conclude wi h 335 a icles? I 's jus ha hese people used o li e he e. ank aš inis yd ichui Wilhelmui hakui p iski iamas okiečių–lie u ių kalbų žodynas Čekijoje gausu ie o a džių, ku ie y a sup an ami ik emian is lie u ių kalba. kokią gi ki ą Li huanian ances o s, wi hou a doub , pene a ed a in o Sla ic se lemen s; And i 's also ob ious ha he Sla s, om ancien imes, we e mos ly d awn o his na ion, g adually me ging wi h i in o one whole. Wha 's so wei d abou ha ? The e we e plen y o emp y ields e e ywhe e. The loyal way o li e o he Li huanian peoples, inclined o a peace ul peasan li e, wen well wi h ou Sla ic one, so ha one na ion could no only se le well nex o he o he , bu also in i s mids (such examples we see in ou Hunga ian neighbo s). I'm going o choose he one ha 's going o be he mos in e es ing, because i has o do wi h ou a he . I is known ha he Sla ic languages con ain wo ds ha a e known and used e e ywhe e, i.e. in e e y Sla ic language. The e a e also wo ds ha a e only common in a la ge o smalle g oup o languages. A he end o he day, he e a e hose who only appea in one o he , bu because o ha , o cou se, no one doub s hei glo y. We also ha e a ce ain numbe o ibes ha a e conside ed ou own, e en hough hey only occu in Czech. when we look a such wo ds and names, o which we do no ind co espondences ei he in Sla ic o in o he ela ed languages, we no ice ha hey a e used in he Li huanian language in exac ly he same o sligh ly di e en o m. Wha conclusion a e we o ced o d aw? The e is no denying ha we Czechs once had o encoun e and in e ac closely wi h mode n Li huanians. Bu his o y, wha i co e s, does no p o ide he sligh es ace o a communi y ha has s ood be ween us and his na ion o a long ime. So he e's no hing le bu o hold on o he idea ha his communi y is eaching ou o imes ha don' ha e w i en monumen s. O he many wo ds ha I ha e been able o pu oge he , I will gi e only a ew: unnamed: unnamed The slope is slan ed, la. O he , o ci cula c oss-sec ion: I'm going o bed. Waihe om he ongue […] ained o ly o he op[…]; oak (žolė euc ium): oak, and ou g ass is also called kozlík […]oak[…]; he ea ; he ea ; O he , no u he wo ked han y adi i : iszwadoju; klábosi i : kalbu, kalběsis; ša apa ka : sze pé os; louda i se = len- du; kmen = kaměnas; z íře nice : ž ě inně i . . Vel ui dė ume pas angas sla ų kalbų duomenimis išaiškin i kai ku iuos sa o ie o- a džius i hid onimus; uo a pu lie u ių kalboje jie uoj įgauną skambėjimą i p as- ho - olled, in coils O he , o ci cula c oss-sec ion, o i on o s eel o example: Úpa, Ploušnice upė p ie m. děčín, ku i į eka į elbę, iš plusze (pagal oky nice); ie os Úpice, opa a: ain. upě; F om he inside ou ; an og e, an owl om a goa ; in he coun ies o Řisu y ako niko and Li omyšlo: lie . eszu is; Lkouš nea he illage o Lokšany om lokis (we also ha e Med ědí); ula, he man's name is hula and hulin, hulice, ain. ůla (slala ins ead o skalky); Lobze om he lobby; doksy o doksany: a common Li huanian masculine gi en name doksa, used since he 15 h cen u y. Simila names ha indica e he Li huanian language can also be ound in Mo a ia, Silesia, Lužica and elsewhe e. All o his shows how widesp ead his na ion was in imes unknown o us and how much i has sh unk now. (Chelako sky 1877: 64[…]66) This is a lis o people who we e bo n in, esiden s o , o a e o he wise closely associa ed wi h he ci y o Chelyabinsk. 336 ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXI Li e ský slo ník, kniho na ná odního musea, sign. iV.a.11 337 a icles by 338 ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXI hus F. L. Čelako skis ied o e eal he p ehis o ic iLja LeMeŠkin neighbo hood, when he ances o s o he Czechs and Li huanians had a e y close and success ul con ac . The mode n mo phology o he Li huanian language by F. L. Čelako ski is unde s ood as "au hen ic and p ecise", i mos closely co esponds o he g amma o Sla ic languages. I is p ecisely because o he simila i y o he Bal ic and Sla ic, Czech and Li huanian languages, hei close kinship, ha in he i s hal o he 19 h cen u y a peculia concep was c ea ed acco ding o which Li huanians (whi es) o igina ed om he Czech Republic i sel . . L. Chelako sky's e o s o e eal he p ehis o ic neighbo hood, when he ances o s o he Czechs and Li huanians in e ac ed e y closely and success ully in he moun ainous lowlands (Česká ko lina), a e clea ly isible in his lec u es o s uden s in W oclaw and P ague. The idea o he epoch o he common de elopmen o he Bal s and Sla s, i s (epochos) localiza ion and ounda ion in he Czech Republic was p ecisely se ed by he Li huanian language dic iona y (Kniho na Ná odního muzea, sign. iV a 11). I 's a way o selec ing wo ds, i 's a way o in e p e ing hem, i 's a way o e ymologizing hem. I can be said ha by i s e y na u e he dic iona y o F. L. Chelako sky, whe he i has de eloped om he book o M. Benešo sky o no , is he o e unne o he einholdo au manno . L. Čelako skio keliamos min ys i jas a i inkan is ank aš inis lie u ių kalbos Bal isch-Sla isches Wö e buch (Gö ingen, 1923). The dic iona y co ec s ou unde s anding o he his o y o he Cel ic, Whi e and Sla ic ques ion. Acco ding o he che io hipo ezė apie bend os bal ų i sla ų p okalbės egzis a imą. Pagal susiklos- čiusią adiciją ji adinama klasikine, uo a pu siekimas a ku i am ik ą laiką sequence o occu ence in he Bal ic and Sla ic me apho s, he i s a. schlei ukusia, he epoch o gene al de elopmen when he app ochemen o hese languages occu ed, is classi ied as a new model. Howe e , some pages o Czech Bal ic his o y show ha he alleged inno a ion is only he i s concep o all, which was i s bal ų i sla ų p okalbės idėja a si ado i ys ėsi kaip p iešp ieša senesnei . L. Če- lako skio eo ijai. exp essed and a gued in he i s hal o he 19 h cen u y. I seems ha wi h ega d o A. Schleiche 's Shal inio y , i is pa icula ly impo an o emphasize ha F. L. Chelako sky, in de eloping his linguis ic concep , used he ma e ial o he handw i en ocabula y o he Ge man-speaking languages. This is indica ed by he a icles in he dic iona y con aining wo ds a es ed in he dic iona y a ibu ed o F. W. Haque and in ela ed dic iona ies. So Leopold Gei le in 1875 wouldn' be he i s esea che o use he wo d. Un il his dea h, he lexical ma e ial o Li le Li huania was s udied by he philologis F. L. Chelako sky, who om 1825 o 1852 w o e a dic iona y o he Bal ic and Sla ic lexical socie ies, which suppo ed his heo y o he o igin o he Bal ic and Sla s, e hnogenesis and glo ogenesis. The o igin o he wo d i sel in he Clemen ine, i.e. y. In he Impe ial Royal Public Lib a y and Uni e si y Lib a y in P ague, i is likely o be associa ed wi h ano he p ominen igu e in he Bal ic and Sla ic sphe es o he i s hal o he 19 h cen u y, P. J. Sha a ik, who, based on simila sou ces, sol ed he same Bal ic and Sla ic p oblem in essence. 339 a icles in o he ways. his iews coincided wi h he esul s o J. Dob o sky's ank aš inis yd ichui Wilhelmui hakui p iski iamas okiečių–lie u ių kalbų žodynas Čekijoje esea ch. and he Jesui J. Dob o skis […] as a close associa e and colleague o J. V. Zlobicki […] in e p e ed as a pe son in e media y, hanks o whom he dic iona y o Ge manic languages ( he dic iona y o P. Ruig used by L. Čelako ski and o he s could also be om J. V. Zlobicki's pe sonal lib a y) o igina ed in P ague. All he pe sons men ioned, ollowing he di ec ion o M. Benešo ski's y inėdami bal ų i sla ų kalbų san ykių p oblema iką, sis emingai di bo su spaus- din ais, ank aš iniais žodynais. a. schleiche io pažin is su P ahos žodynu u i in es iga ion, i.e. he pe pe a o s, will be examined sepa a ely. In he wo ds o Ma häus Philonomus (1587): "The book is slowly loosed om he Czechs, om whe e i s beginning is magic ( o iž) and i s ges u e is eason. Sepsaná om Kněze Ma hausse Philonoma, Pjsaře Konsys oře P ažské. She is a membe o he Czech Academy o Sciences. Ws ena in he old own o P ažské in he dis ic o Jiřijka dačického. Cla is Ge manico […] Li huania 1995 […] 1997: Cla is Ge manico […] Li huania. Cla is Ge manico […] Li huania is a coun y in Li huania, which is loca ed in he sou h-eas e n pa o he coun y. Manusc ip dic iona y o he 17 h cen u y Ge man-speaking languages 14. Vilnius: Science and encyclopedia publishing house. L. Chelako ský an išek L. 1825: Slo ak na ionalis pjsně seb ané F an . He was also a membe o he Slo ak pa liamen . The ladle. I 's called Čelakowský. 2, V P aze: Pjsmem j. owd. 99–102. This is he i s ime I' e seen his. Ve e low om Wildenb unn. Čelako ský an išek L. 1850: eceip o he magazine Musea k álo s í českého 24(1), Čelako ský an išek L. 1877: Č ení o počá cích dějin zdělanos i a li e a u y slo anských. This is he i s ime ha he magazine has been published in Slo ak. P ague: The Commission in he F ench Ri ie a. I 's w i en by Simon in 1976: Vilnius: Vaga is loca ed. In 2009 he w o e a book called "The Whi e Speech o he Apiau ians." he paleo-compa a i e unde s anding o he Bal ic languages in he con ex o linguis ic his o iog aphy. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. Dob o ský jose 1788: uibe die äl es en si ze de slawen in eu opa, und ih e We b ei ung sei dem sechs en jah hunde (The oldes sea o he Sla s in Eu ope and hei ec ui men since he six een h cen u y) In pa icula , abou he ibe o he Mäh e s, and hei his o y un il he ins alla ion o he Duke Ras islaw […] Jose V a isla Monse. A b ie examina ion o he poli ical his o y o he Ma g a ia e o Mäh en. he ollowing able is inse ed: F om he yea 1182 o 1306. Fo wa d-looking discussion on he oldes sea o he Sla s. I don' know wha you' e alking abou . In 1984, Vincen D a e published he dic iona y o he wo d "K ause." Bal ic examples, lexical and ca 20(2), 163–167. gei le Leopold 1875: Li auische s udien. Auswahl aus den äl es en denkmäle n, dialec- linguis ic con ibu ions by D . Leopold Gei le . This is M Mou ek. Linguis ica Li uaniana, LXXIII, H. Václa s, Kláš e na Slo ánii (Slo enian School o he iLja LeMeŠkin Eas Sla onic Languages, LXXII) was ounded in 1975 by he Slo ak-Li huanian communi y. nás. – Z adic slo anské kul u y Čechách. P aha: uni e si a ka lo a. koupil ondřej 2007: G amma ykáří. G ama ologická a kul u ní e lexe čes iny 1533– 1672. P aha: ka olinėm. Lemmy's Dic iona y o he Li huanian Language, edi ed by Ladisla Čelako ský, was published in 2010. […] Lexicog aphy and lexicology. Vilnius: Li huanian Language Ins i u e, 98[…]113. Lemeškin ilja 2012: he P ague manusc ip dic iona y o he Ge man-speaking languages is a ibu ed o F ied ich Wilhelm Haack. […] Li le Li huania: cul u al s udies in he pas . Vilnius: Pe o o se , 31 o 58. Lemech's 2013: The ques ion o he au ho ship o he manusc ip dic iona y o he P ussian alphabe . […] Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica 69, 269 […] 279 […] This Decision is add essed o he Membe S a es. Lexicon Li huanicum 1987: Lexicon Li huanicum. This is he i s edi ion o he Lexicon Li huanicum. A handw i en dic iona y o he Li huanian languages o he 17 h cen u y. Vilnius: The science. Na bu as s i g i as 2011: P ague […] Vilnius: he impac o he Jesui s on he de elopmen o Li huanian cul u e. The V uble ski lib a y o he Li huanian Academy o Sciences. 2007 / 2008. Vilnius, 52 and 70. In 2004, Jose Valen ín Zlobický became he i s p o esso o Czech language and li e a u e. Seeing he sha e in he beginnings o he Czech na ional e ol . J. V. Zlobický (1743-1810) a con empo a y: li e, wo k, and co espondence. P ague: he academy, 2442. Schleiche Augus 1853: abou he Li huanian language, especially wi h ega d o Slo ak. […] The newspape o he Czech Museum 27. P ague, h ee hund ed and hi y- ou . Schleiche Augus 2008: le e s om a. schleiche om Li huania o P. Ša aříku. The Li huanian legacy o Augus o Schleiche 1. Vilnius: Li huanian Language Ins i u e, 670[…]739. Ša ařík Pa el jose 1837: Slo anské s a oži nos i in P ague: p in ed by Jana Spu ného. He was bo n in P ague. Vykypělo á aťána 2012: Maximilian schimek: obse a ions on his collabo a ion wi h he Jose Zlobický P ojec on a collec i e Sla ic language and o he subjec s. I 's called Miscellanea Vindobonensia Bohemica. In memo y o he 200. This is Todes ag on Jose Valen in Zlobický. Wien: holzhausen, 37[…]61 (bohemosla ica abscondi a 1.) Voi Pe 2014: New in o ma ion abou he wo k o F ancisca Sco ina in P ague (1517[…] he coming o he manusc ip ge man […] Li huanian dic iona y 15 ( eleased o p in ing)19) 341 a icles in he czech ank aš inis yd ichui Wilhelmui hakui p iski iamas okiečių–lie u ių kalbų žodynas Čekijoje Manusc ip ge man–Li huanian dic iona y c edi ed o ied ich-Wilhelm haack epublic suMMa y While analyzing he his o y o he P ague manusc ip o he Ge man […] Li huanian dic iona y a e y special Aus o-Hunga ian con ex can be clea ly obse ed. The dic iona y was wi nessed in Vienna in 1777 and in 1875 he dic iona y was undoub edly e e ed o by Leopold Gei le . Howe e , he owne o he dic iona y jose Valen in zlobický and Leopold gei le will emain he only ones who ouched his lexicog aphical sou ce. The e is a good eason o suppose ha be o e Hi le , in he i s hal and middle o he nine een h cen u y, he lexical ma e ial o Eas P ussia was analyzed by he philologis The coming o he manusc ip dic iona y in he Clemen ine, i.e. in he oman ic an išek Čelako ský who was compiling he dic iona y o bal ic – sla ic lexical gene ali ies in he pe iod o 1825 – 1852. Impe ial and Royal Public and Uni e si y Lib a y o P ague, will mos p obably be ela ed o one mo e pe sonal one, e e ing o he same sou ces, bu app oaching he issues o he Bal s-Sla s i y o bal is ics and sla is ics o he i s hal o he 19 h cen u y Pa el joze Ša á ik. he was di e en ly. His app oaches o he e hnogenesis and glo ogenesis o he Bal ic Sla s acco ded wi h he a i udes o his p edecesso Jose Dob o ský. The Jesui J. Dob o ský, as a close suppo e and colleague o J. V. Zlobický, should be p esumed as a pe son media o wi h he help o who he Ge man […] Li huanian dic iona y appea ed in P ague. in Vienna was mos p obably decided by he scien i ic in e es s o j. V. zlobický, he unde aking o he compa a i e g amma o all Sla ic languages o be p ecise. The Czechs a e inclined o ea he Li huanian language as a sepa a e, i.e. non-Sla ic language om he ime o Ma ouš Benešo ský (1587). J. V. Zlobický could compa e i o he So bian language. Howe e , in his case, he Bal ic-Sla ic ques ion was impo an o he esea che in he se en h decade o he eigh een h cen u y, and his hen a ailable manusc ip sou ce was con enien in sea ching o an app op ia e explana ion and easoning o a gumen s o lexical cha ac e . All o he abo e indi iduals ook on he esea ch di ec ion o Ma ouš Benešo ský on he issues o Bal ic-Sla ic language ela ions. i.e. hey consis en ly wo ked wi h p in ed and manusc ip dic iona ies while ho oughly analys- Deli e ed on 5 Decembe 2014 iLja LeMeŠkin P ahos Ka olio uni e si e as Jan Palach, P ague, Czech Republic [Email p o ec ed]