Poznanės laikotarpis Jano Otrębskio gyvenime

Įž algos / Insigh s 245 NORBERT OSTROWSKI Adomo Micke ičius Uni e si y o Poznań Resea ch a eas: his o ical g amma o he Bal ic languages, compa a i e his o ical linguis ics, and his o ical ypology. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. This is JANO OTRBSKIO GYVENIME, Membe o he Commission The a icle consis s o wo pa s. The i s is a biog aphical one, co e ing Jano O ębski's li e in Poznań a e Wo ld Wa II, and he second b ie ly discusses he selec ions, he mos impo an wo ks by J. O ębski c ea ed du ing he Poznań pe iod. The i s pa is based on Magdalena Gaw ońska-Ga s ka's shop by Jan Szczepan O ębski. Li e and wo k (1889-1971) (2014). 1. The li e o Jan O ębski in Poznań Acco ding o M. Gaw ońska-Ga s ka (2014: 9091), P o . J. O ębski came o Poznan in he au umn o 1945. A ha ime, eigh p o esso s om he o me S . Pe e 's Uni e si y in Vilnius, including J. O ębski and he amous his o ian Hen yk Łowmiański, came o he Uni e si y o Poznań. The beginning was ha d. The Ca dinal and his wi e, P incess Augus a o Poland, ga e him a small oom a he Uni e si y o Poznań Ho el a 37 Ma ejko S ee . In he ho el, and in ac in he common oom, one ki chen was used by 24 amilies. J. O ębski's oom had oom o wo beds and a able, he e was no sepa a e ba h oom. As J. O ębski himsel w i es, "Fo wo mon hs I did no hink ha I should do i " (Gaw ońska-Ga s ka 2014: 93). In he mean ime, he had aken wi h him nea ly en housand books, which he had kep unpacked in he co ido , and many o hem had simply been s olen. In 1947 he and his i s wi e, Aniela, mo ed in o a small wo- oom apa men on Rogalinsky S ee , 8 Poznań, whe e he li ed un il his dea h. By he way, he apa men has been in cou o se e al yea s. A i s , he e en los he case and was h ea ened wi h expulsion. Acco ding o M. Gaw ońska-Ga s ka (2014: 94), J. O ębski was su ounded by he mili ia, and e en had his u ni u e aken away, bu managed o sa e he apa men . 1 Au ho o such monumen al wo ks as S udia nad począ kami społeczeńs wa i pańs wa li ewskiego (1931-1932) and Począ ki Polski, . I[…]VI (1963-1985), Religia Słowian i jej upadek (w. VI[…]XII) (1979), P usy […] Li wa […] K zyżacy (1989) and k . NORBERT OSTROWSKI 246 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXII This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. I is wo h alking abou he condi ions o J. O ębski's li e, because he liked hem and i seems ha hey we e one o he easons why he la e c i icized Poznan so much. J. O ębski began wo king a he Uni e si y o Poznan a he Sla onic Ca hed al, whose o me head, P o . Hen yk Ułaszyn, did no e u n o Poznan a e he wa . The dean o he Facul y o Humani ies o he Uni e si y o Poznań ( hen s ill he Uni e si y o Poznań, no he Uni e si y o Adam Mickiewicz) J. laiškas, ašy as Vilniaus uni e si e o ek o iui. Šiame laiške dekanas ašo, kad O ębski will no be able o gi e lec u es in Vilnius in he nea u u e because " he wo k ela ed o he c ea ion o a new scien i ic chai , be doub ul, will no be held he e" (Gaw ońska-Ga s ka 2014: 95). This means ha he au ho i ies o Vilnius Uni e si y expec ed J. O ębski o e u n. I didn' wo k ou ha way. In 1947, he Uni e si y o Poznań es ablished he Bal ic Chai o Philology, wi h i s headqua e s a he Collegium Philosophicum in Ma ejko S ee (48-49). He wo ked in he ca hed al: • Czesław Kudzinowski, a s uden o J. O ębski om Vilnius S epona • Zenon Sobie ajski (1947-1948) was a Sla ic and Polish schola om Poznań. • Nina Bo owska (01-01-1953 - 13-08-1953 - un il his dea h in 1953); • Michał Hasiuk (since 1953). The Depa men o Bela usian Philology was a scien i ic uni , i did no ha e i s own s uden s, and i s s a lec u ed o s uden s o o he philological special ies. The only s uden who go a mas e 's deg ee in he depa men was N. Bo owska. In he same yea , he was appoin ed o he pos o P o esso Po J. O ębskio edėju apo Czesławas Kudzinowskis i ka ed a egzis a o iki o Linguis ics, which he held un il his e i emen on 30 Oc obe 1960, when i was me ged wi h he Gene al Linguis ics Depa men , hen he Ins i u e (now he Ins i u e o Linguis ics). As al eady men ioned, he Depa men o Bal ic Philology did no ha e i s own s uden s, i s s a lec u ed o s uden s o o he philological special ies. F om he da a collec ed by M. Gaw ońsko-Ga s ko (2014: 98-103) we lea ned ha in he academic yea s 1945-1946, J. O ębski augh he "Old P ussian Language", he "Czy ań Dawnszych Li huanian Tex s", he "Czy ań Sansk i ian Tex s" and he "Władka z języka ce wnosłowiańskiego". I is wo h paying a en ion o how o en he wo d "coun ing" is used. J. O ębskis ga e p io i y o he analysis o he ex , 2 Dis inguished Li huanian schola (among o he hings, au ho o he Daukšos Pos ilės index) and specialis o he Finnish language (au ho o he second dic iona y o Finnish-Polish languages). 3 The wo k "Wpływy słowiańskie na li ewską e minologię kościelną na pods awie Dic iona ium Szy wida" by he au ho (S udia z ilologii polskiej i słowiańskiej 2, 1957) is s ill ele an oday. Poznanės laiko a pis Jano O ębskio gy enime Insigh s 247 ex was he exi poin . J. O ębskis also ead a lec u e on Sansk i and he analysis o i s ex s in la e yea s. As a specialis in classical languages, in 1950-1951 he ead he In e p e a ion o he Language o he A chaic Tex s o he Lacians (In e p e a ion o he Tex s o he A chaic La in Languages). Bu he ocused mainly on he Bal ic languages, eading among o he s […]G ama yka języka li ewskiego[…] ([…]Li huanian language g amma […]), […]Czy anie eks ów ło ewskich[…] ([…]La ian language ex eading[…]), he linguis ic analysis o he Daukšos Pos ilės, abou he his o y o he Bal ic languages and k . (ž . Gaw ońska-Ga s ka 2014: 98[…]10). J. O ębskis was also in e es ed in Albanian language. Wacławo Cimochowski, an Albanian, was he head o he disse a ion. In 1956, J. O ębskis p oposed ha he Uni e si y o Adom Micke ičius (a e S alin's dea h, he Uni e si y o Poznan changed i s name o 4) c ea e he Depa men o Ag icul u al Economics (Ug o inis ic Depa men ). J. O ębski a gued his p oposal as ollows: The es ablishmen o such a ca hed al would no hinde mo e se ious di icul ies, since ou cen e has a specialis in his ield. Kudzinowskiego o az biblio eka (The es ablishmen o a Tokyo chai did no cause any majo di icul ies, since ou cen e al eady has a specialis in his ield, a Kudzinowsky lec u e , and a lib a y) (Gaw ońska-Ga s ka 2014: 110). Now a ew wo ds abou J. O ębski's iew o Poznan. Poznań J. O ębski did no die his was especially e iden a he end o his li e. He in ec ed his second wi e, Elena Samaniu , whom he ma ied in 1955 o Ponia U szula Bielanowska, a he house on Rogaliński S ee , whe e he O ębskys li ed, a supe iso desc ibes he as ollows: "Ano he woman, who did no know Poznaniaków, someone old he ha she was om Ge many" (Gaw o-Ga s ka 2014: 128). Maybe M s. U. Bielanowska wen oo a , bu he O h obskys wan ed o go back o Vilnius. In he book (2014: 126) M. Gaw ońska-Ga s ka quo es a le e sen by J. O ębski o he Polish Minis e o Educa ion on 27 Oc obe 1970 as ollows: "I wo k a e dawn, wi hou aining, mainly p epa ing o p in ing hings ha ha e al eady been p in ed. [...] he las o ou impo an acciden s. The Uni e si y o Vilnius p oposed ha we e u n o Vilnius wi h my wi e, objec ing o he app op ia e accommoda ion, li ing and wo king condi ions. I'd like o p epa e o he dea h be o e he p in ing p ess mo es a in o he Li huanian ield. To do his, we need he ma e ials o he Li huanian Language Ins i u e in Vilnius. As I was old by P o . M. Hasiuk, he Sena e o he Uni e si y o Poznań decided, when he news eached Poznań, ha he Minis y o Educa ion in Wa saw had he idea o name Poznań Uni e si y by he name o S alin. NORBERT OSTROWSKI 248 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXII I ha e a place in he app op ia e a angemen o books and use o he en i e lib a y. Finally, my wi e's heal h: om iend o Poznań su e s om heuma ic illness. Tha 's why I accep ed he p oposal om Vilnius and made he igh decisions. Since May, passpo s ha e been issued o he mili ia. Because o he di icul ies a ising om he anspo a ion o lib a ies and collec ions o phila elic wo ks, i is no possible o anspo hem o ou o ces, and I ha e los he las one, we ha e changed he decision and we a e le in he coun y. [...] Impo an e en s ha e occu ed ecen ly. The Uni e si y o Vilnius o e ed me (w i en and o al) o e u n o Vilnius wi h my wi e, p omising a sui able apa men , li ing and wo king condi ions. I would like o p epa e e y ad anced Li huanian wo ks o he p ess be o e I die. Fo ha pu pose, I need ma e ial om he Li huanian Language Ins i u e. In my apa men in Poznań, because o i s na owness, o 25 yea s I ha e no place o pu my books oge he p ope ly and I canno use my lib a y as needed. Finally, my wi e's heal h: she has been su e ing om heuma ism since he a i al in Poznań. The e o e, I accep ed his o e and ook he app op ia e measu es. Since May, ou passpo s ha e been in he mili ia. Since he e we e p oblems wi h he deli e y o he lib a y and phila elic collec ions ha we could no o e come on ou own, and I ecen ly became ill, we changed ou decision and s ayed in his coun y". (Gaw ońska-Ga s ka 2014: 126). I was w i en by a man, no doub , ull o a ca d. Did you eel unde es ima ed? He was one o he g ea es Polish speake s known ou side Poland. He is in i ed o cong esses in Oslo, Naples, Hambu g, Be lin, P ague, B no. He augh he his o y o Sla ic and Bal ic languages a he Uni e si y o Vienna. So he ques ion is, whe e did his ca d come om? Was i jus he li ing condi ions, he p oblems wi h he apa men and i s sho age ha made Poznan so e y disappoin ed in J. O ębski? P obably no . The an i-wa and pos -wa yea s a e he iumph o s uc u alism, hen he s a o Je zy Ku yłowicz shone, o example. J. O ębski was a linguis o he olde gene a ion, mo e o a younge g amma ian, and pe haps unning ou o ime, new linguis ic di ec ions wi h which J. O ębski's iews as a younge g amma ian did no coincide, he pe cep ion was one o he easons o his a es . In his las will and es amen , da ed Decembe 4, 1968, he w o e: "I desi e o be bu ied in Wilno o in he icini y o Wilno. Poznan was a place o o men o me, so I don' wan o spend he es o my li e in Poznan. My will is o be bu ied in Vilnius o i s su oundings. Poznan was a place o o men o me, so I don' wan o spend e e ni y in Poznan. 5 O ębski was an a id phila elis . Poznanės laiko a pis Jano O ębskio gy enime Insigh s 249 o he Inspec ion J. O ębski was bu ied no in Poznan, bu in Puszczykowe, a pic u esque own nea Poznan, o which he mo ed a he end o his li e. J. O ębski wan ed o dona e his p edecesso 's house in Pa ilnya (Kolonia Wileńska, K yniczna s ee 5) o he Li huanian Academy o Sciences, as w i en in he a o emen ioned will: […]na własność naczelnej ins y ucji naukowej w Wilnie, a więc Li ewskiej Akademii Nauk, k ó a by u ządziła w nim jakiś pos e naukowy [...][…] ([…] he basic scien i ic ins i u ion in Vilnius, i.e. he Li huanian Academy o Sciences, so ha a sui able scien i ic depa men could be es ablished he e […]). 2. Academic ac i i ies o Jan O ębski in Poznań J. O ębskis w o e almos 350 wo ks on Indo-Eu opean, ancien Indian philology, classical philology, Sla ic, Polish and, o cou se, Bal ic philology, especially Li huanian philology. A eal wo k i an. He e I would like o d aw a en ion o wo, in my opinion, he mos impo an shops o J. O ębski, c ea ed du ing his Poznan pe iod. The i s […] is Lingua Posnaniensis, a jou nal ounded by J. O ębskis and edi ed by he i s nine issues. The i s olume was published in 1949, and i is su icien o men ion only he au ho s who sen he a icles o he i s olume: Holge Pede sen, Ch is ian S ang, Jānis Endzelins, Eino Nieminen, Václa Machek, om Poland: Zdzisław S iebe , Wacław Cimochowski and Tadeusz Milewski, who had al eady begun o ake an in e es in ypology and Ame ican Indian languages. In he i s olume, J. O ębski himsel e iewed Spech De U sp ung de idg. Deklina ion, Ben enis eo O igines o he o ma ion o names in Indo-Eu opean and Rozwadowski's S udy o he names o Sla ic wo ds. In he second olume, H. Pede senas, J. O ębskis (who w o e he a icle "The o ma ion o place names in Li huania"), E ns as F aenkelis, V. Geo gie as, V. Machekas, and T. Milewskis published hei a icles. The a icles in he magazine ained p ac ically all he ime. languages and wen beyond he bounda ies o Indo-Eu opeanism. In he second olume appea ed an a icle by T. Milewski "The s uc u e o he ph ase in he indigenous languages o No h Ame ica". The hi d olume con ained a icles by J. O ębski, V. Macheko, J. Endzelyno, E. F aenkel, and E. Nieminen. In he ou h olume, H. Pede sen w o e abou he Hi i e language, and in he i h olume, Johannes F ied ich, a p ominen Ge man o ien alis , w o e abou he Luwian language. In he same i h olume, Jonas Balčikonis published an a icle abou he o igin o he e b o be used. This is he bes e ymology o his e b I know, which, un o una ely, seems o ha e been comple ely o go en by cu en e ymologis s. Also in he i h olume, an Windekens w o e abou pelagics; and J. O ębskis on he old P ussian onomas ics. T. Milewski compa ed he phonological sys ems o he Caucasian and No h Ame ican Indian languages. In addi ion o J. Balčikonio, o he Li huanians also sen hei a icles. Appea ed in he se en h olume NORBERT OSTROWSKI 250 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXII wo ks o Li huanian emig an s: Leona do Damb iūno on he ac i i ies in he Li huanian language and P ano Ska džis on ly. I 's a double and a b u. he jackal. I is sa e o say ha he e has ne e been a magazine o his le el, he highes le el in he wo ld, in Poland, and p obably no anymo e, al hough Lingua Posnaniensis i sel goes back o his day. And inally he magnum opus, he li e wo k o J. O ębski, h ee olumes o he G amma o he Li huanian Language. F om he g amma ical ex , i can be lea ned ha J. O ębskis planned o w i e a ou h olume dedica ed o he syn ax o he Li huanian language. This is wha J. O ębski w o e in he i s olume o he p e e m (XI p.): […]Tom IV will include he lesson and he lesson. Tha ac ion equi es a special e o . You go i s , and he p esen a ion is a con empo a y li e a y language. A he ime, he language indica es ha i is jus in he ange o composi ion, wi h ew de ails, ul ima ely no comp ehensi e. Be o e he au ho o his G amma o he Li huanian language becomes he e is no need o indica e, and some imes e en he es ablishmen o s anda ds in he scope o he composi ion […] is no necessa y and unnecessa y. In he second place, he au ho 's composi ion o he Li huanian spelling o he p esen a ion in he ou h olume o he de elopmen o he Li huanian composi ion in he e i o y o he ci y ( he ou h olume co e s he syn ax. This sec ion equi es special e o s. Fi s o all, he syn ax o he cu en Li huanian language needs o be p esen ed. Meanwhile, his language has, especially in he a ea o syn ax, many unclea de ails ha would no be ully unde s ood. The au ho o he g amma o his Li huanian language has no only o show, bu also o es ablish no ms in he ield o syn ax […] asks ha a e undesi able and un a o able. Secondly, he au ho o he Li huanian language syn ax in he ou h olume mus show he le e o he Li huanian language syn ax om he e y beginning. So O ębski's g amma had o combine diach onici y and synch onici y, and ha 's wha i eally is. P o esso M. Hasiuk, a e ca e ully e iewing and ansla ing he books and documen s o J. O ębski in he lib a y o Vilnius Uni e si y, ound no hing. P o . J. O ębski was unable o implemen hese plans. O maybe somewhe e in he lib a y o Vilnius Uni e si y he e is a leas ma e ial o a plan o he ou h olume o he "G amma o Li huanian Language"? To w i e he g amma , J. O ębski was o e ed he Pańs wowe Wydawnic wo Naukowe om Wa saw, bu he spi i us mo ens was he amous Sla is Tadeus Leh zas-Spławińskìs. The Wi-Fi is on. Nauka o Pi miausia bu o išleis as ečiasis omas Nauka o o mach (1956), paskui pi ma- głoskach (1958) and only a he end he second Nauka o budowie wy azów (1965). Finally, J. O ębskis wo ked on he second olume. I was a esponse o P ana Ska dja's wo d wo k. These wo books a e s ill an example o anyone who wan s o engage in his o ical wo k in Li huanian. J. O ębski's g amma […] is a wo k ha a ha ime had no equal. I is wo h no ing ha he i s olume o he academic g amma o he Li huanian language was published only in 1965, when he las olume o J. O ambski was al eady in he publishing house "Inno a ion Insigh s 251." Today, J. O ębski's Poznanės laiko a pis Jano O ębskio gy enime g amma is s ill e y in luen ial. I mysel s udy he his o y o he Li huanian language, and J. O ębski's g amma is a eal sou ce o ma e ial o my wo k. O cou se, some o i may seem old- ashioned, and i is, bu he wo k is s ill imp essi e. The au ho 's educa ion and e udi ion we e imp essi e. And i was w i en by a man who could no use he Li huanian dic iona y himsel . I hope ha he e will come a ime when J. O ębski's g amma will be eissued, bu i will be a c i ical edi ion, wi h commen s, as is done wi h o he ancien w i ings. In 2009 he Ox o d English T ansla ion o Jacobus Wacke nagel's Vo lesungen übe Syn ax was published. I is p ecisely because i is a c i ical ice c eam ha he book has acqui ed a new alue. I is o be hoped ha his will one day be he case wi h The g amma o J. O ębski. In he ield o li e a u e The Magdalen o Gaw oń-Ga s ka 2015: Jan Szczepan O ębski was bo n in he illage o Gaw oń-Ga s ka Magdalena. Li e and wo k (1889-1971). Poznań: Wydawnic wo Rys (English: Ci y o he Dawn) is a ci y in Poland. Deli e ed on 18 May 2015 NORBERT OSTROWSKI The Ins i u e o Linguis ics, he Facul y o Linguis ics o he Uni e si y. This is Adama Mickiewicza in Poznan. The Commission he e o e concludes ha he aid is compa ible wi h he in e nal ma ke wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c) o he T ea y.