Rytų aukštaičiai panevėžiškiai: klasterinė analizė ieškant tarmiškumo

S aipsniai / A icles 175 AGNĖ PUKEVIČIŪTĖ Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as Resea ch a eas include geolinguis ics, dialec ology, sociolinguis ics, and expe imen al phone ics. Eas e n Highlands Fo he pu poses o his Annex: This is a clus e analysis. I'm no going o lie o you. Eas e n Highlands o Pane ėžys: Clus e analysis in sea ch o dialec icism This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal. The aim o he a icle is o es he sui abili y o one o he clus e analysis me hods used in s a is ics o de e mine he equency o consump ion o simila i ies be ween eas e n high-al i ude and low-al i ude se lemen s acco ding o dis inc i e cha ac e is ics. The peculia i ies o he g ouping o he a eas unde s udy highligh ed du ing he analysis allow o c ea e a model o he s udy o measu e he bounda y and pe iphe y o he a eas unde s udy. Fo he s udy, 90 minu es o audio eco dings o he eas e n high- ise panels we e andomly selec ed om wo cen al […] Pãs alio (112), Kapči[…]nų (138) […] and wo pa allel […] Buči[…]nų (52) and S u[…]b iškio (171) […] e minals. In addi ion o he abo e, he SPSS has also been able o eco d he equency o use o 13 dis inc ansla ional ea u es, which we e la e compiled in o he SPSS S a is ics compu e p og am, and a clus e analysis has been ca ied ou . The esul s ob ained sugges ha he clus e analysis model used in he s udy is sui able o e ealing he g ouping o he ou panels o LKA poin s acco ding o he in es iga ional quan i ies. The analysis shows ha he LKA poin s a he edge o he e e ence a ea a e no necessa ily pe iphe al […] hey ha e well-p ese ed e e ence cha ac e is ics ( he s ong cha ac e is ics a e be e p ese ed a he LKA poin s o Buči[…]nai, Pãs ali and Kapči[…]nai, and he weak ones a S u[…]b iški). The s udy shows ha he selec ion o he s udy ma e ial is e y impo an when examining he in es ines using he clus e analysis me hod. ESMINIAI WORDS: eas e n high- ise buildings, in e connec edness o LKA poin s, pe iphe ali y o LKA poin s, clus e analysis. AGNĖ PUKEVIČIŪTĖ 176 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXII This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal. This pape aims o es he app op ia eness o one o he s a is ical me hods – clus e analysis […] o de e mine he simila i y o he popula ed locali ies o he Eas e n Aukš ai ian o Pane ėžys in acco dance wi h he equency o use o dis inc i e dialec al ea u es. The g ouping peculia i ies ha eme ged om he analysis o he esea ch a eas allow us o c ea e a model o measu e he dialec icism and he pe iphe ali y o he esea ch a eas. 90 minu e long eco dings o he Eas e n Highlands o Pane ėžys we e collec ed om wo cen al – Pas als (112), Kapčinai (138) – and wo ma ginal – Bučinai (52), S ub iškis (171) – dialec al poin s we e andomly selec ed o his s udy. While lis ening o he e- co dings, he equencies o usage o 13 dialec al ea u es o he Eas e n Aukš ai ian o Pane ėžs we e iden i ied, which we e hen en e ed in o he SPSS S a is ics compu e p o- g ams and he clus e analysis was pe o med. The esul s sugges ha he clus e analysis model applied in he s udy is sui able o acco ding o he esea ch dimensions. The analysis e ealing he g ouping pa e ns o he poin s o he Eas e n Aukš ai ian o Pane ėžs LLA indica es ha he ma ginal LLA poin s a e no necessa ily pe iphe al […] dialec al cha ac e is ics a e pe ec ly main ained in hem (in Buči[…]nai, Pas al[…]s and Kapči[…]nai poin s o LLA he s ong ea u es a e be e main ained, while he weak ones a e be e p ese ed in S u[…]b iškis). The s udy indica es ha he selec ion o he esea ch ma e ial is e y impo an o he examina ion o dialec s by he clus e analysis me hod. KEYWORDS: Eas e n Aukš ai ian o Pane ėžys, dialec icism o LLA poin s, pe iphe ali y o LLA poin s, clus e analysis. 1. The examina ion o M . In e es in Li huanian language began a he end o he nine een h cen u y. Eas e n high school s uden s a e men ioned in he e y i s dialec ological wo ks o Li huanian language. The dis inc i e ea u es o he panels we e w i en by Leopold Gei le (Gei le 1875) 1, Edua d Vol e is (Vol e ; 1904: 325[…]335, 338[…]340, 345[…]354), Kazimie he Younge (Jaunius 1892: 114[…]161) and An anas Ba anauskas (Ba auno sky 1898). The wo k con inues in he same desc ibed me hod a he beginning o he 20 h cen u y […] impo an by Kazimie o Būgos (1924) 3, by An ano Salio (1930, 1946) 4, by Ju gio Ge ulio (1930: 35[…]46, 54[…]65, 66[…]76), by Pe o Bū ėno (1932: 168[…]193) 1 Remiamasi Danguole Mikulėniene (2011: 19[…]27). 2 See also The young man o 1970. 3 See also Būga 1961: 82 and 83. 4 See also Salys 1992: 114 o 119, 122 o 131. A icles by A icles 177 Ry ų aukš aičiai pane ėžiškiai: klas e inė analizė ieškan a miškumo da bai. Iš jaunag ama ikių pe im a y imų adicija bu o populia i i poka io laiko a piu. In he ollowing s udies, he p ope ies o he b igh panee panels, hei dis ibu ion and simila i y o o he ad ice (Zinke ičius 1966; Gi denis, Zinke ičius 1966: 139[…]147; L 1970: 14,36; L 1991: 72[…]; Ručinskai ė 1984: 76[…]; Kačiuškienė 1984: 42[…]; Kačiuškienė 1968: 53[…]3[…]36[…]) and he causes o hei occu ence (Kazlauskas: 10[…]20; Zinke ičius: 148[…]; Ga š a: 1976: 76[…]; Gi denis 1982: 189[…]) we e examined using he expe imen al me hod o audi ion, ac oba ics and ac oba ics. Al eady a he end o he wen ie h cen u y, sociolinguis ic ea u es cha ac e is ic o pane ėžys appea in esea ch, and he age o he p esen e s is aken in o accoun in he e alua ion o esea ch da a. This is no ed bo h in desc ip i e wo ks (Zinke ičius 1975: 85; Zinke ičius 1979: 92[…]93), and in expe imen al, spec og aphic and audi o y s udies (Kačiuškienė 1982: 39[…]45; Ga š a 1982a: 68[…]70; Kačiuškienė 1983: 24[…]38). This is compa ed o he cus oms o di e en imes o he Pane ėžys. A. In he ea ly wo ks, s a is ical, psychoacous ic, spec al, oscillog aphic me hods a e used ( hese a e also used in complex wo ks (Ma ke ičienė 2001: 29 […] 32; LKTCh 2004: 30 […] 34, […] 184 1946; Zinke ičius 2005b: 49 […] 503; Kačiuškienė 2009: 61 […] 67; Kačiuškienė 2012: 53 […] 21). 2006: 74–82), i a ski ų au o ių y imuose (Kačiuškienė 2000: 25–31; Ga š a 2002: 9–18; Kačiuškienė 2003: 88–92; Kačiuškienė 2005a: 49–53; Kačiuškienė Du ing his pe iod, he e is also an inc ease in he numbe o wo ks wi h sociolinguis ic ea u es: he su ey me hod is used (Kačiuškienė 2005c), he in oduc ion o he age (Kačiuškienė 2006; Meiliūnai ė 2009), he changes in educa ion (Kačiuškienė 2013a: 8) and he s udy o language sel -exp ession (Kačiuškienė 2013b: 22). The inc easing inclusion o sociolinguis ics in he s udy o pan-Eu opean e minology indica es ha he in ensi e p ocess o change in e minology a he beginning o he 21s cen u y is no longe su icien o iden i y and explain his phenomenon. 2.Me hod o he In e nal Audi As o he e minology, as well as he geolinguis ics ha examines hem, i has become an in e disciplina y: he objec i es o he usual in e p e e s a e supplemen ed by sociolinguis ics ( o example, he esul s o his pe iod ha e been published in o he publica ions. Minė ini is a ex by Kazimie Ga š a om he Joniškėlio dis ic o Šnek os (1982b). 6 The e minology was eco ded by Aldona Jonai y ė, S asys Tumėnas, D. Kaziliony ė, S. Mo kūnas, Aloyzas Vidugi is i Edmundas T umpa, ansk iba o Aloyzas Vidugi is, As a Leskauskai ė and Rima Bace ičiū ė. They a e om he same amily. AGNĖ PUKEVIČIŪTĖ 178 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXII akes in o accoun sociolinguis ic a iables (age, gende , educa ion and so on). Geolinguis ics has acqui ed new ea u es, he heo e ical p o isions and me hodological p inciples o he ea ly 21s cen u y linguis ics a e beginning o be quali ied by he e m sociogeolinguis ics (Aliūkai ė 2011: 257; Mikulėnienė, Meiliūnai ė 2014). Language phenomena in sociogeolinguis ic esea ch can be s udied no only wi h he ins umen s o hese wo di ec ions, bu also wi h he me hods o o he ields o science. The aim o his a icle is o es he sui abili y o one o he s a is ical clus e analysis me hods o iden i ying he simila i ies in eas e n highland pan-Hawaiian se lemen s in e ms o he equency o consump ion o dis inc i e in e media e cha ac e is ics. The objec o he s udy is he cha ac e is ic ea u es o he b eeding ad ice. The s a is ical clus e analysis ca ied ou will allow o check how he s udy a eas a e g ouped acco ding o he equency o consump ion o dis inc i e cha ac e is ics. In his way, a s udy model is c ea ed o measu e he linguis ic and pe iphe ali y o he language o he a eas unde s udy […] by selec ing ou LKA poin s ( wo cen al, wo pa allel), de e mining how he linguis ic cha ac e is ics a e main ained in hem and whe he he applied model is sui able o his pu pose. S aipsnyje cen inio i pa ibinio LKA punk o są okos a ojamos geog a i- Lioly ė, Kazys om he poin o iew: a place called cen ally, geog aphically loca ed close o he cen e o he eas e n high-al i ude pane ėžiškius a ea, a place close o he bounda ies o o he se lemen s. The language may he e o e ha e become pe iphe al (i.e. i may ha e aken on he cha ac e is ics o o he languages o he dis inc i e linguis ic ea u es o o he dialec s).8 Ti iamąją medžiagą suda o a si ik inai pasi ink i 90 min. y ų aukš aičių The sound eco dings o he panežiškių pa a mės. In he case o he Uni ed Kingdom, he Commission conside s ha he aid is compa ible wi h he in e nal ma ke wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c) o he T ea y on he Func ioning o he Eu opean Union and A icle 107 (3) (c) o he T ea y on he Func ioning o he Eu opean Union. S ub iškio9 (171)10. 7 Ry ų aukš aičiai pane ėžiškiai y a aka inėje y ų aukš aičių pusėje. Jie ibojasi su aka ų aukš- 8 Apie cen inio i pe i e inio LKA punk o e minus plačiau ž .: Mo kūnas 1993: 4–7; Ka delis 2014; Ka delis, S aku y ė 2015). 9 The egis a ion numbe o his eco d has no ye been p o ided, i is s o ed on he se e o he Li huanian Language Ins i u e oge he wi h o he da a collec ed in 2012. 10 En ies collec ed in 2007-2013 du ing he p ojec Mode n geolinguis ic esea ch in Li huania: op imiza ion o he ne wo k o poin s and in e ac i e dissemina ion o language in o ma ion (language o Li huanian language). A icles o he 179 h A icle Ry ų aukš aičiai pane ėžiškiai: klas e inė analizė ieškan a miškumo Expe imen s a e being ca ied ou on he cha ac e is ics o he spoken language in a simila empo by h ee women (D. N., bo n in 1926; J. L., bo n in 1934; J. Pas alyj, 11; V. M., bo n in 1909; J. Kló ainiuose12) and one man (B. N., bo n in 1946; J. S ub išky, 13). As shown in Figu e 1, he a eas unde s udy a e in he highland a ea, so hey ha e he dis inc i e ea u e o all highlands […] c ossing bilingual i.e. hey a e kep heal hy, as in common pa lance, unlike he lowland a ea (Zinke ičius 1966: 13[…]14; LKT 1970: 15; LKTCh 2004: 29). The LKA poin s belong o he eas e n highlands a ea, because in his ad ice he owels an, am, en, em and he o me nasal owels ą, ę a e na owed and p onounced as ọn, ọm, ẹn, ẹm and o, e (Zinke ičius 1966: 15, 8384, 99101; LKT 1970: 3233; LKTCh 2004: 30, 173175) 14. The main dis inguishing ea u e o he panels is he sho -legged educ ion o he balls, he so-called educ ion o he balls. In he case o he LCA, he deg ee o educ ion is de e mined by he no he n panels, whose sho limbs a e called i o neaiškios kokybės mu mamaisiais ga sais, ski ingai nuo pie inių, ku ie umpuosius a, u galūnėse suplaka į ieną ga są, panašų į u, ačiau nelūpinį, žy- mimu (Zinke ičius 1966: 92, 119[…]121; LKT 1970: 35; LKTCh 2004: 175[…]176). In his wo k, he spacing o he a eas unde s udy is measu ed by checking he p oduc i i y o he six owels (o, ė, i, u, y, ū) and he wo owels (ie, uo) in he une enly spaced o di e en wo d pa s. In addi ion, he wi hd awal a e o he c oss is eco ded. The wo ea u es a e speci ically used only in he no he n Pane ėžys a ea. In he unci cumcised posi ion o he no he n pane ėžys, as opposed o he sou he n ones, he d ibalsius ie, uo a liepia e, o (Zinke ičius 1966: 16, 87; LKTCh 2004: 176). Exclusi ely in he a eas unde s udy, he e is also a gene al wi hd awal o he ki is […] in he no he n pane ėžys a ea, when he ki is is wi hd awn no only om he unk, bu also om he long end o he unk no only in o he long, bu also in o he sho skele on, and an in ensi e condi ional wi hd awal o he ki is, when women's speech is eco ded om he knees. Howe e , mos o he ime, he language is spoken by one p ac i ione , so he s udy ea s he language o his one woman as he subjec o he s udy. 12 This g a e ul pe son li es in Kló ainiai, bu he en y in he da abase is assigned o Kapčinų (138). 13 The e a e mo e emale han male speake s, so his s udy also looks a mo e emale han male audio eco dings. 14 These and o he cha ac e is ics ha dis inguish he Pane ėžys language om o he s we e no iced as ea ly as he end o he 19 h cen u y. Vol e is w o e abou he di e ences in he p onuncia ion o he sho owels i, u, and en, he sho owels i, u, he sho owels o, and o he signs in a ious pa s o he coun y. AGNĖ PUKEVIČIŪTĖ 180 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXII umpos galūnės į p iešpasku inį be kokio ilgumo skiemenį (Zinke ičius 1966: 37 […] 40, LKT 1970: 34 […] 35, LKTCh 2004: 30 […] 31) 15. This is he i s ime in he his o y o he coun y ha he numbe o people li ing in po e y has inc eased. O he cha ac e is ics o he s udy a e mo e uni e sal. I is also necessa y o men ion ha he quali y o he s one in he a ea unde examina ion does no di e om ha o o he high- ise buildings and he common language. As wi h all eas e n highlands, he no he n pane ėžys cu (no he abs ac cu ) sho , and in he end i is long and e y na ow (Zinke ičius 1966: 107; LKT 1970: 34; LKT 2004: 177). When hey do no cu he s one y, ū, hey ac in e e se […] hey a e ansla ed wi h he co esponding sho e i, u (Zinke ičius 1966: 110; LKT 1970: 34; LKTCh 2004: 176). Howe e , unlike many highlands, he c ossed a ea o he s one o pane ėžiški is said o be wi hou a e lec ion, bu in he unc ossed end i becomes a (Zinke ičius 1966: 70). The se e ed limb is usually main ained (Zinke ičius 1966: 74), and he uncu limb is allegedly e (Zinke ičius 1966: 75; LKTCh 2004: 176–178). Thus, he s udy analyzes he equency o se en s ong o b igh (cu s one ie, uo, o, ė, i, u, cu cu cu o ) and six weak o blank (cu s one y, ū, ie, uo, cu o ends ė, o) dis inc i e cha ac e is ics o he pancakes (see able 1).16 These signs a e abundan and, as can be seen in he able o hei equency o use, occu many imes in Pane ėžys dialec s. This is also shown by he mos ecen esea ch ca ied ou on his ad ice (c . This is he case in he case o he Uni ed Kingdom. 188–191). The ma e ial collec ed om he es si es was p ocessed in se e al s ages: (1) audio eco dings collec ed om he es LKA poin s a di e en pe iods we e lis ened o; (2) an analysis o he audio eco dings […] hei lis ene , eco ding he equency o use o he 13 dis inc i e ea u es o he panels; 3) equen ly compiled in o he SPSS S a is ics compu e p og am and clus e analysis was ca ied ou 17. Using he clus e analysis me hod, he simila i y o he ou selec ed eas e n highlands o he Pan-A yan Pla eau is de e mined and hey a e di ided in o nouns and u u e ense o ms (Zinke ičius, 1966: 38), he plu al o he 15 Pap as ai ki is nuo galūnės nea i aukiamas aukš esniojo laipsnio p ie eiksmiuose, oksi onuose wo ds Galūnė ki is is assigned o he nea es skiemen (Zinke ičius, 1966: 39). į p iešdėlį (LKTCh 2004: 180). 16 The main c i e ia o dis inguishing be ween s ong (o b igh ) and weak (o blank) ai s a e p e alence, ecognizabili y and alignmen : s ong ai s a e cha ac e is ic o a ela i ely small a ea o a pa icula die , hey a e quickly no iced and easily aligned, while weak ai s a e cha ac e is ic o many ela ed die s, hey a e mo e di icul o no ice and he e o e no inclined o be co ec ed (Alikai ė, Mikulūnienė 2014: 4647). 17 Apie p og amą plačiau ž .: IBM SPSS S a is ics; Vai ke ičius, Sauda gienė 2006. S aipsniai / A icles 181 Ry ų aukš aičiai pane ėžiškiai: klas e inė analizė ieškan a miškumo 1 PAV. O he The a ea o he eas e n highlands o Ti iam (Mikulėnienė, Meiliūnai ė) 2014: 189) AGNĖ PUKEVIČIŪTĖ 182 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXII o simila g oups o objec s […] clus e s. The s udy da a a e g ouped in such a way ha he di e ences wi hin he clus e o he s udy si es a e as small as possible and he di e ences be ween he clus e s a e as la ge as possible (Čekana ičius, Mu auskas 2002: 195; Vai ke ičius, Sauda gienė 2006). One LENTEL. F equency o use o he dis inc i e cha ac e is ics o Pane ėžys in he a eas unde s udy18 STIPRUMAS Du a ion o Du a ion o 43 8 he he minu es seconds. egis a ion egis a ion 46 minu es 28 minu es 42 seconds. 28 seconds. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. YPATYB Du a ion o he en y 62 minu es and 11 seconds. S ip ioji Ki čiuo as he s one is main ained ~ 79 ~ 55 ~ 28 ~ 66 S ip ioji Ki čiuo as coal mine is main ained ~ 42 ~ 16 ~ 21 ~ 24 S ip ioji Ki čiuo as he s one is main ained ~ 59 ~ 67 ~ 50 ~ 70 S ip ioji Ki čiuo as s one o main ained by ~ 65 ~ 87 ~ 40 ~ 63 S ip ioji Ki čiuo as kamieno u ilginamas ~ 70 ~ 50 ~ 47 ~ 87 S ip ioji Ki čiuo as kamieno i ilginamas ~ 63 ~ 70 ~ 50 ~ 83 S ip ioji Ki ch wi hd awal ~ 88 ~ 90 ~ 68 ~ 137 Silpnoji Uncu s one uo ansla ed by o ~ 2 ~ 3 ~ 1 ~ 4 Silpnoji Neki čiuo as he s one is ansla ed by e ~ 7 ~ 13 ~ 4 ~ 12 Silpnoji Uncu S one and ansla ed by i~ 15 ~ 12 ~ 10 ~ 25 Silpnoji Neki čiuo as kamieno ū ansla ed by u~ 4 ~ 1 0 ~ 7 Silpnoji Neki čiuo oje galūnėje […] ansla ed by e~ 40 ~ 28 ~ 8 ~ 41 Silpnoji Neki čiuo oje galūnėje which is ansla ed om a~ 121 ~ 78 ~ 86 ~ 157 18 The eco dings we e lis ened o by a na i e esea che . Since he equency is ixed when lis ening o audio eco dings o spon aneous speech, due o human ac o s, he da a p o ided may be inaccu a e. A icles o he T ea y Ry ų aukš aičiai pane ėžiškiai: klas e inė analizė ieškan a miškumo The s udy chose o expe imen ally es wo clus e ing me hods hie a chical and non-hie a chical ( wo s eps). They a e alloca ed acco ding o how hei simila i y measu es a e selec ed, he c i e ia o de e mining he dis ance be ween clus e s and he s a egy o classi ying hem in o clus e s. The main di e ence be ween hem is he wo-s ep clus e analysis me hod o g ouping he su ey da a, wi h he numbe o clus e s known (selec ed) in ad ance (Čekana ičius, Mu auskas 2002: 202). When analyzing he esul s o he clus e analysis, i is assessed ha he wo k is in es iga ed in he spon aneous language o he p esen e s and no in he same ex s, he condi ions o speech a e di e en and he sample size o he da a is e y small, so he esul s o he clus e analysis may no be qui e accu a e. Howe e , in his wo k, aking in o accoun he esea ch ma e ial, i is only in ended o check whe he his me hod will gene ally e eal he equency o g ouping o a eas acco ding o he cha ac e is ics o he in e media es used. In pa icula , i is checked whe he nes ypa ybes išlaikiusių ie o ių panašumą, a siž elgian į į ai ius eiksnius, he clus e analysis can e eal he a eas ha end o pe iphe ali y acco ding o aičių pane ėžiškių pa a mės ibose, sociogeoling is inius ski umus. he equency o he cha ac e is ics o he in e media es used and show he bes in e media es, geog aphical dis ance, pe iphe al s. cen al loca ion o he in e media es in he eas . In he case o he PANEVZHISKY CLASTER, I s speci ic analysis In o de o check how he s udy a eas a e g ouped acco ding o he 13 main pan-hea y dis inc i e cha ac e is ics o consump ion equency (see able 1), one hie a chical and one non-hie a chical me hod […] he SPSS S a is ics compu e p og am pe o med a hie a chical (connec ion) and wo-s ep clus e analysis. Due o he small amoun o da a, he minimum numbe o clus e s […] 2 was chosen in bo h cases. The esul s o he ob ained hie a chical clus e analysis show ha he equency o use o he dis inc i e in e media e ea u es is mos simila in Bučin, Pas alj and Kapčin, so hese LKA poin s o med one clus e . Ano he g oup o simila objec s is S ub iškis (see able 2). Two slowly. The esul s o he hie a chical clus e analysis we e based on he equency o consump ion o he 13 dis inc i e eas e n high-al i ude b ead cha ac e is ics o he clus e No. LKA poin en e ing he clus e 1 Kissing, kissing, kissing and kissing 2 The abdomen AGNĖ PUKEVIČIŪTĖ Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica 190 LXXII is he i s o i s kind in Li huania. In he se lemen s o Bučiņi, Kapčiņi and Pãs ali, he a e age consump ion equency o only h ee s ong cha ac e is ics is highe han in S ub iškio […] i.e. he c ossed s one i, uo, o. In summa y, i can be said ha he ange o he h ee LKA poin s is suppo ed by he s ong cha ac e is ics o he kalboje, o S ub iškio – labiau silpnųjų nei s ip iųjų. 6 len elėje aip pa ma y- non-dominan s one i, uo, in all he se lemen s unde s udy. Howe e , i is no wo h saying ha hese cha ac e is ics a e ending o disappea i is belie ed ha in gene al he e a e ew wo ds wi h hese cha ac e is ics in he speech o speake s (e.g., piemuõ, puodnė, pūgà). Looking a he ange o indi idual cha ac e is ics (see Tables 1, 4 and 5), i can be seen ha a he ou LCA poin s unde s udy, he highes endency o su i e mus be c ossed. kamieno ie, o, ė, i, u, ki čio a i aukimas i silpnoji ypa ybė – neki čiuo as galū- nės o. Jos y a dažniausiai a ojamos nag inėjamose gy enamosiose ie o ėse. mieno ie, uo, y, ū, ė – i iena s ip ioji – ki čiuo i kamieno uo. A jos linkusios išnyk i, y a jau ki ų, išsamesnių, y imų klausimas. 4. IŠVADOS The ollowing p elimina y conclusions can be d awn by expe imen ally applying he clus e analysis me hod o de e mine he simila i y, spa ial ex en and pe iphe al ex en o he ou LKA eas e n high-al i ude b eeding poin s. The clus e analysis model used in he s udy is sui able o e ealing he g ouping o he ou LKA b eeding poin s by he pe iphe al b eeding g ounds o he b eeding g ounds džius dėsningumai. Analizė odo, kad pa ibiniai LKA punk ai a miškumo požiū iu nebū inai o he b eeding g ounds o he b eeding g ounds o he b eeding g ounds o he b eeding g ounds o he b eeding g ounds o he b eeding g ounds o he b eeding g ounds o he b eeding g ounds. A he poin s o LKA Bučini, Pãs ali and Kapčini, he dialec is bes main ained due o he s ong cha ac e is ics (dominance o he g a e ul in he speech o he cu s one ie, uo, o) and he mo e weak S ub iškio (no cu s one ie, uo, y, ū and no cu ends ė, o) o he s ong ones (no cu s one ė, i, u, he emo al o he cu s one). The o he ea u es examined in he s udy do no e eal any ob ious laws. In he s udy o speech using he clus e analysis me hod, he selec ion o he esea ch ma e ial is e y impo an : i is necessa y o selec sound eco dings o simila du a ion and g ea e quan i y. The esul s may also be in luenced by he a ious pe iods o hei compila ion, he pace o he speake s' speech. In o de o a oid inaccu acies, he equency o consump ion o cha ac e is ics should S aipsniai / A icles 191 Ry ų aukš aičiai pane ėžiškiai: klas e inė analizė ieškan a miškumo a specialis who is well e sed in in e p e a ion. T ansc ibed ex s could be used o he s udy. LITERATŪRA Aliūkai ė Dai a 2011: P ojek as „Šiuolaikiniai geoling is ikos y imai Lie u oje: punk ų inklo op imizacija i in e ak y ioji a minės in o macijos sklaida“. – Respec- us philologicus 20(25), 257–260. Aliūkai ė Dai a, Bakšienė Rima, Ja osla ienė Ju gi a, Judžen y ė Gin- a ė i k . 2014: Punk ų inklo ankis geoling is inės ski ies aukš aičiai : žemaičiai požiū iu. – XXI a. p adžios lie u ių a mės: geoling is inis i socioling is inis y imas (že- mėlapiai i jų komen a ai), 129–196. Aliūkai ė Dai a, Mikulėnienė Danguolė 2014: Geoling is ika: ideologija, e- o ija i me odai. Pag indinės są okos. – XXI a. p adžios lie u ių a mės: geoling is inis i socioling is inis y imas (žemėlapiai i jų komen a ai), 29–47. Būga Kazimie as 1961: Rink iniai aš ai 3. Vilnius: Vals ybinė poli inės i moksli- nės li e a ū os leidykla. Bū ėnas Pe as 1932: Augš aičių a mės okuojančiosios pašnek ės sienos. – A chi- um Philologicum 3, 168–209. Čekana ičius Vydas, Mu auskas Gediminas 2002: S a is ika i jos aikymai 2. Vilnius: TEV. Ga š a Kazimie as 1977: Akcen uacijos i okalizmo są yšis šiau ės aka ų pane- ėžiškių a mėje. – Lie u ių kalbo y os klausimai 17, 76–87. Ga š a Kazimie as 1982a: S a besnės šiau ės aka ų pane ėžiškių onologijos ypa ybės. – Bal is ica 18(1), 65–74. Ga š a Kazimie as 1982b: Joniškėlio apylinkių šnek os eks ai. Vilnius: Vilniaus uni- e si e o leidykla. Ga š a Kazimie as 2002: Pane ėžiškių one ikos aida abipus La ijos sienos. – Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica 47, 9–18. Ge ullis Geo g 1930: Li auische Dialek s udien. Leipzig: Ma ke & Pe e s Ve lag. Gi denis Aleksas, Zinke ičius Zigmas 1966: Dėl lie u ių a mių klasi ikaci- jos. – Kalbo y a 14, 139–147. IBM SPSS S a is ics. P ieiga in e ne e: h p://www.insol.l /s a is ics. AGNĖ PUKEVIČIŪTĖ 192 The Li huanian Language Ac LXXII Young Kazimie z (1899-1970) was he au ho o he Pane ėžys dialec . […] The spokesman is Kazimie as Jaunius, om he sou h. This is Vincen D o in, his is Vlad G ina eckis. Vilnius: The Min . "Ka yushchenko's Geno ese" (1982): The quan i y and phonological in e p e a ion o he no he n Pan-A yan dialec s o he Wes . […] Language 33 (1), 39 […] 45. This is no he case. Kačiuškienė Geno ai ė 1983: Šiau ės pane ėžiškių mu mamųjų balsių one inės ypa ybės, dis ibucija i onologinė in e p e acija. – Kalbo y a 34(1), 24–38. Kačiuškienė Geno ai ė 1984: Šiau ės pane ėžiškių a mės balsių psichoakus inė klasi ikacija. – Kalbo y a 35(1), 42–53. Kaščiakė Geno ai ė 2000: The use o he wo ds "I" and "E" in he connec ions o he Joniškėlio and Pak uojo dis ic s. […] Whi e philology 9, 25 and 31. hei a i ude owa ds Kačiuškienė Geno ai ė 2003: T ečiojo amžiaus uni e si e as Šiauliuose: klausy- hei mo he ongue. […] Teaching 69, 88[…]92. Kačiuškienė Geno ai ė 2005a: A desc ip ion o he Pane ėžio dialec s […] he i s scien i ic s udy o he no he n Pane ėžio dialec s. […] P oblems o language his o y and dialec ology 1, 49[…]53. In 2005 he published a book en i led "The Place o An ano Ba anauskas and Kazimie z Jaunowski in he His o y o he No he n Pane ėžys Region." […] Wo ks o he Li huanian Ca holic Academy o Sciences 19, 499 […] 503. Kačiuškienė Geno ai ė 2005c: Names o a m buildings in he no he n pane ėžiškių dis ic : an inqui y. […] Man in he space o language, 60[…]64. Kaščiakė-Geno ai ė, 2006: Cha ac e is ics o he phonology o he no he n Pane ėžys dialec . Vilnius: Vilnius Uni e si y publishing house. Kačiuškienė Geno ai ė 2009: Tex o he Li huanian language: ansla ion o he ansla ion o ms. […] Philology 14, 61[…]67. This is he i s ime I' e seen i . Kačiuškienė Geno ai ė 2012: Re lec ions o he phone ic ea u es o he e minology in he ex s o he Li huanian language. […] Bal is ica eigh , i y h ee, six y wo. Kaščiakė-Geno ai ė, 2013: S eng hening and weakening o he No he n Pan-A yan egion a he beginning o he 21s cen u y. […] In e na ional in e disciplina y scien i ic con e ence on he esea ch o languages in he 21s cen u y: geolinguis ic and sociolinguis ic pe spec i es. Vilnius: Li huanian Language Ins i u e, 8. Kaščiakė Geno ai ė (Ge man: Kaščiakė Geno ai ė, 2013b) is a sociolinguis ic esea che and au ho o he book The Te ms o No h Pane ėžys: A Sociolinguis ic S udy. In e na ional scien i ic con e ence on he he i age o he cul u es o he peoples o Eu ope ( es imony hesis). Vilnius: The Uni e si y o Mykolo Rome io, a numbe 22. Kačiuškienė Geno ai ė, Gi denis Aleksas 1982: […]Žiemgališkoji[…] anap iksė (The win e is coming o an end) šiau ės pane ėžiškių a mėje i jos kilmė. – Bal is ika 18(2), 189–191. S aipsniai / A icles 193 Ry ų aukš aičiai pane ėžiškiai: klas e inė analizė ieškan a miškumo Kaščienė Geno ai ė, Gi denis Aleksas 1997: Eas e n high and no he n lowland a eas: communi ies and di e ences. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. Vi us Ka delis, The p oblema ic aspec s o he Li huanian language islands. […] Li huanian language 8. I is a ailable on he In e ne a : h p: www.lie u iukalba.l index.php Ka delis Vy au as, S aku y ė Emilija 2015: F om he de elopmen o Li huanian dialec ology. Li huanian language 9. I is a ailable on he In e ne a : h p: www.lie u iukalba.l index.php. Kazlas Jonas (1968): His o ical g amma o he Li huanian language. Vilnius: The Min . William Labo (1972) Sociolinguis ic pa e ns in he s udy o language. Published by he Uni e si y o Pennsyl ania P ess. Li huanian language dialec s. Access o he In e ne : www. a mes.l . L.K.A. 1977: A las o he Li huanian language. 1. The ocabula y. Vilnius: The science. LKA 1982: A las o he Li huanian language. T wo. The phone ics. Vilnius: The science. LKA 1991: A las o he Li huanian language. T h ee. The mo phology. Vilnius: The science. LKT 1970: T ansla ions o he Li huanian language. I 's called Ch es oma ic. Elena G ina eckienė, Kazimie as Mo kūnas. Vilnius: Min is. LKTCh 2004: Lie u ių kalbos a mių ch es oma ija, sud. Rima Bace ičiū ė, Aud a I a- Nauskienė, As a Leskauskai ė, Edmundas T umpa. She is also a membe o he Eu opean Pa liamen . Vilnius: Li huanian Language Ins i u e publishing house. Ma ko ic, Jan. 2001: The ex s o he high-le el alks. Vilnius: VU publishing house. Miley Cy us's 2009 album, Sou h A ican Vocals and he Cha ac e is ics o I s De elopmen . Kaunas: Vy au as he G ea Uni e si y and he Li huanian Language Ins i u e. Mikulėnienė Danguolė 2011: Leopold Gei le 's Con ibu ion o Li huanian dialec ology: geolinguis ic aspec . He is a membe o he Li huanian Academy o Sciences. […] Dialec ology and 19–27. geolinguis ics in con empo a y Cen al Eu ope, Mo kūnas Kazys 1993: Because o he concep o […]pe iphe al languages[…]. […] Ques ions on he Li huanian language 30, 4[…]7. Ručinskai ė I ena 1984: "Mu mamųjų" is a quali ied opposi ion o o e s in he no he n Pane ėžys egion. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. Salys An anas 1992: W i en by he 4. Li huanian language dialec s. Rome: Li huanian Ca holic Academy o Sciences. AGNĖ PUKEVIČIŪTĖ Ac a Linguis ica 194 Li huanian LXXII Spolsky Be na d 2011: Fe guson and ishman: Sociolinguis ics and ge sociology o language. The SAGE handbook o sociolinguis ics. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. D . W. A. R. W. S. A. S. A. S. A. S. A. S. A. S. A. S. A. S. A. S. A. S. A. S. A. S. A. S. A. S. A. S. A. S. A. S. A. S. A. S. A. S. A. S. A. S. A. S. A. S. A. S. A. S. A. S. A. S. A. S. A. S. A. S. A. S. A. S. A. S. A. S. A. S. A. S. A. S. A. S. A. S. A. S. A. A. S. A. S. A. S. A. A. S. A. S. A. A. S. A. S. A. A. S. A. S. A. A. S. A. S. A. S. A. A. S. A. S. A. S. A. A. S. A. S. A. A. S. A. S. A. S. A. A. S. A. S. A. S. A. A. S. A. S. A. A. S. 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[…] Language 30(1), 90[…]93. Wha is he meaning o he wo d […]? Zinkiewicz-Zigmas: The o igins o he Li huanian language Vilnius: Li huanian Language Ins i u e publishing house. Ba ano sky An ony 1898: Sub i les abou he Li huanian language and dic iona y. S . Pe e sbu g: The ypog aphy o he Impe ial Academy o Sciences. Vol ai e and Edwa d (1886): a p og am o indica ing he cha ac e is ics o Li huanian speech и Жмуди. СанктПетербургъ: Типографiя Императорской Академiи Наукъ. Вольтеръ Эдуардъ 1904: Литовская хрестоматия 2. СанктПетербург: Типо- Coun ess o he Impe ial Academy o Sciences. Eas e n Highlands o Pane ėžys: Clus e Analysis in sea ch o dialec icism Summa y This pape aims o es he app op ia eness o one o he s a is ical me hods – clus e analysis (bo h hie a chical and wo-s eps) […] o de e mine he simila i y o he popula ed locali ies o Eas e n Aukš ai ian o Pane ėžys in acco dance wi h he equency o usage o dis inc i e dialec al ea u es. The g ouping peculia i ies ha eme ged om he analysis o he esea ch a eas allow us o c ea e a model o measu e he dialec icism and pe iphe ali y o he esea ch a eas. A icles by a icle 195 Ry ų aukš aičiai pane ėžiškiai: klas e inė analizė ieškan a miškumo A 90-minu e long eco ding o he Eas e n O hodox o Pane ėžys collec ed om wo cen al – Pas als (112), Kapčinai (138) – and wo ma ginal – Bučinai (52), S ub iškis (171) – dialec al poin s we e andomly selec ed o his s udy. While lis ening o he e- co dings, he equencies o usage o 13 dialec al ea u es o he Eas e n Aukš ai ian o Pane ėžys was iden i ied: 7 o he dialec al ea u es a e s ong ( he s essed ie, uo, o, ė, i, u in he s em and he e ac ion o accen ), while 6 o hem a e weak ( he uns essed y, ū, ie, uo in he s em and he uns essed ė, o in he ending). The equencies we e hen en e ed in o he SPSS s a is ics compu e p og am and he clus e analysis was pe o med. The esul s sugges ha he clus e analysis (bo h hie a chical and wo-s eps) model ap ha he ma ginal plied in he esea ch is sui able o e ealing he g ouping pa e ns o he Eas e n Aukš ai- ian o Pane ėžs LLA poin s acco ding o he esea ch dimensions. The analysis indica es LLA poin s a e no necessa ily pe iphe al […] dialec al ea u es a e pe ec ly main ained in he ma ginal a eas o Bučiūnai and S umb iškis. In Buchinai, Pas als and Kapčinai poin s o LLA dialec icism is be e main ained due o he s ong ea u es ( he s essed ie, uo, o in he s em), while in S ub iškis he weak ones ( he uns essed ie, uo, y, ū in he s em and he uns essed ė, o in he ending) mo e han he s ong ones ( he s essed ė, i, u in he s em and he e ac ion o accen ). O he analyzed ea u es show no clea egula i ies. The esea ch indica es ha he selec ion o he esea ch ma e ial is e y impo an o he examina ion o dialec s by he clus e analysis me hod: eco dings o simila du a ion and a highe numbe o hem should be selec ed. The esul s may be in luenced by a di e en collec ion pe iod o he speech a e o in o man s. To a oid he inaccu acies, he equency o he use o dialec al ea u es should be examined by he specialis o dialec al ea u es. T ansc ibed ex s, as well, could be used o he esea ch. Deli e ed on 21 Janua y 2015 AGNĖ PUKEVIČIŪTĖ Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion.