XVII a. anoniminio rankraštinio žodyno „Lexicon Lithuanicum“ sudurtiniai vokiečių kalbos daiktavardžiai

54 The Li huanian Language Ac LXXIV DALIUS JARMALAVIČIUS Vilniaus uni e si e as Resea ch di ec ions: synch onous and diach onic wo d-making, his o ical mo phology o Ge manic languages, esea ch on he making o handw i en wo ds in bilingual whi es. This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. The mo ning wo d. LEXICON LITHUANICUM ( o me ly known as LEXICON LITHUANICUM) SURPRISE Ge man Linguis ic wo ke s Ge man Nominal Compounds in Manusc ip Anonymous Ge man-Li huanian Dic iona y Lexicon Li huanicum om he 17 h Cen u y ANOTATION This a icle discusses he 17 h-cen u y anonymous manusc ip o he lexicon o he Ge man-Li huanian languages, he Lexicon Li huanicum o he Li huanian wo ds. The da a o he s udy a e p esen ed in he ollowing o de : i s , he models o he du s a e desc ibed acco ding o he pa o he language o hei i s du s, he na u e o hei connec ion is discussed, hen he compound nouns a e analyzed acco ding o he seman ic-syn ac ic ela ionship o hei du s, dis inguishing de e mina i e, possessi e, copula i e and con olling du s. Finally, he cons uc ion s uc u e o he emb oide ed ga men s is e iewed. ESMINIAI WORDS: wo d p oduc ion, handw i en dic iona y, cu a ed wo ds, de e mina i e, possessi e and con olled wo ds. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal. This a icle analyzes he compounding o Ge man nouns in he manusc ip anonymous Ge man-Li huanian dic iona y Lexicon Li huanicum om he 17 h cen u y. The esul s a e p esen ed as ollows: i s , he ypes o Ge man nouns based on hei le -hand membe s con aining a linking elemen a e discussed; Then, ano he classi ica ion o compounds A icles by A icles 55 XVII a. anoniminio ank aš inio žodyno Lexicon Li huanicum sudu iniai okiečių kalbos daik a a džiai acco ding o he seman ic and syn ac ic in e p e a ion o hei cons i uen s, including de e mina i e, possessi e, copula i e, and de- e bal compounds, is analyzed. Finally, he s uc u e o compound wo ds om he pe spec i e o wo d- o ma ion o hei uni s is desc ibed in de ail. KEYWORDS: wo d- o ma ion, manusc ip dic iona y, nominal compounding, de e mina i e, possessi e and de e bal compounds. This a icle discusses he da a o he anonymous handw i en dic iona y o he Li huanian-Ge manic languages, Lexicon Li huanicum, which is conside ed he i s dic iona y o hese languages. I should be no ed ha un il now, schola s ha e no Mažojoje Lie u oje, okiškų daik a a džių dū iniai. P ieš pa eikian sudu i- been able o de e mine he au ho o he manusc ip o he exac da e o i s w i ing. Howe e , o a long ime i was assumed ha he au ho o his dic iona y mus ha e been Daniel Klein, and he suppo e s o his hypo hesis a gued ha Klein, in addi ion o he g amma o he Li huanian language, had also p epa ed a wo-wo d dic iona y ha had no been published, so ha he Lexicon Li huanianicum could be a copy o he la e (see Ci a ičiū ė 2008: 266, 2009: 32 […] 33; D o inas 1987: 10). This in e p e a ion o au ho ship is no sha ed by Vincen D o in, who poin s ou ha he spelling o he same wo ds di e s in bo h he dic iona y and Klein's wo ks. I i was Klein's handw i ing, he spelling o he wo ds in bo h s o es would be much mo e consis en . Al hough, judging om he handw i ing ma ks o he Lexicon Li huanicum, he dic iona y could ha e been w i en be ween 1632 and 1658, i.e. p epa ed a a ime simila o Klein's g amma , he analysis o he handw i ing sugges s ha i should a he be a wo k p epa ed by se e al people (D o inas 1987: 12-15, 18). On he o he hand, Vincas U bu is is no so ca ego ical abou he au ho ship o he handw i en dic iona y, since Klein's own wo ds a e w i en di e en ly, so he inconsis ency o sepa a e cases o double- oicing does no ye mean di e en au ho ship. On he o he hand, U bu is no es ha he Lexicon Li haunicum is me ely a manusc ip compiled by mo e han one pe son (U bu is 1990: 184). Since he au ho ship o his manusc ip has no been es ablished, acco ding o D o ino (1987: 23), i is app op ia e o conside his dic iona y as an anonymous, independen eminde o he P ussian Li huanian sc ip o he middle o he 17 h cen u y, aluable o he abundance o li ing wo ds in he language o he ime, as well as o he a ious synonyms o he wo d lexicon and ocabula y. DALIUS JARMALAVIČIUS 56 The Li huanian Language Ac LXXIV The Lexicon Li huanicum, whose ex consis s o 225 pages (113 pages), and he egis e […] 9200 Ge man wo ds and 7200 Li huanian equi alen s, he wo d-making aspec is no widely s udied bo h in he wo ld and in Li huania, and he Ge man-language dic iona ies, o which no so ew (1170 wo ds) ha e been eco ded, a e no e en, so his manusc ip has been chosen as a sou ce o he analysis o dic iona y dic iona ies. A handw i en dic iona y is also used o esea ch because he ex o his na u e is ich in eloquen , co ec and unal e ed ocabula y, p o iding a g ea deal o in o ma ion abou he sub le ies o he language used in a gi en pe iod, i s au hen ici y. Ano he ac ha indica es he ele ance o his kalbos dū inių da ybos sis emiško y imo s oka, ypač pasigendama y imų apie XVII a. sudu inių žodžių y aujančius ipus. An ai E a-Ma ia Heinle (2000: a icle is ha he his o ical Ge man 1911-1912 desc ibes he du ians o his cen u y e y gene ally, i.e. i s ly, ha hey played an impo an ole in he p oduc ion o wo ds, and secondly, ha a ha ime he e was al eady a s ong endency o compose he du ians o he daik a a ds om mo e han wo componen s. As we will no ice, hese s a emen s a e no in o ma i e and do no allow o o m a gene al pic u e o he models ha domina ed he 17 h cen u y du ian wo ks, he peculia i ies o he s uc u e o he pieces. Thus, based on he da a o he analysis, he aim is no only o desc ibe he p e ailing c ea i e models o he Ge man-language objec -wo d composi es eco ded in he dic iona y, he syn ac ic-seman ic s uc u e o he i ems and o e iew he na u e o he combina ion o componen s o hei c ea i e s uc u e, bu also o assess he c ea i e po en ial o he wo ds ep esen ing he mul i-complex i ems. In he a icle, he da a o he s udy a e p esen ed in he ollowing o de : i s , he e bs a e discussed acco ding o he pa o he language o he i s e b, in o de o de e mine he p e ailing e b models and he na u e o he connec ion o he componen s, hen hey a e desc ibed acco ding o he seman ic-syn ac ic ela ionship o he e bs. Finally, he s uc u e o he cons uc ion o he Ge manic wo ds o objec s is e iewed. The ollowing dic iona ies a e used o co ec ce ain ac s abou he cons uc ion o Ge man wo d combina ions: He manno F ischbie o (1971), Richa d Pie scho (1991), an elec onic e sion o he dic iona y by Jacobo and Wilhelm G imm (URL: www.woe e buchne z.de/DWB), and he DUDEN e ymological dic iona y (2001). 1. DŪRINIŲ DĖMENŲ SANDARA PAGAL PIR- The wo d is domina ed by he du ian model, bo h o which a e daik a a dines. These wo ds make up 75.7% o all compound wo ds (see diag am 1). : A icles o he 57 h XVII a. anoniminio ank aš inio žodyno Lexicon Li huanicum sudu iniai okiečių kalbos daik a a džiai The ollowing species a e included in he Annex o his Regula ion: he species lis ed in Annex I o Regula ion (EU) No 10796; he species lis ed in Annex I o Regula ion (EU) No 10796; he species lis ed in Annex I o Regula ion (EU) No 10796; he species lis ed in Annex I o Regula ion (EU) No 10796; and he species lis ed in Annex I o Regula ion (EU) No 10797. This is DIAGRAM 1. The i s -pe son p onouns in he i s -pe son p onoun pa o he dic iona y a e much less common han he i s -pe son p onouns in he second-pe son p onoun pa o he dic iona y, which make up 13.6% o all compound nouns, o example. Fo he pu poses o his Annex, he ollowing de ini ions shall apply: In he single pa ag aphs, wo ds a e p esen ed whose meaning di e s in he mode n language o may be incomp ehensible o he eade . 2 Plg. o he This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. DALIUS JARMALAVIČIUS 58 Ac o Linguis ic Li huanian LXXIV The Commission conside s ha he aid is compa ible wi h he in e nal ma ke wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c) o he T ea y. Compa ed o dualis ic ones, whose i s owel is a e b, he numbe o adjec i es and ad e bs in he model wo ds is almos wice as low (~6.9%), e.g. The ollowing a e included in he lis o bene icia ies o he aid: Geld Penigai ‘monigai Lex 12 (ba ‘g ynas + Geld ‘monigai), Flach eld Lyguma Lex 36a ( lach ‘plokščias + ‘ eldlaukas), G aup e d Szi mas ‘ho mas a klys Lex 44a (g au ‘pilkas + P ‘ e d ‘a klys), Neumond jaunas ‘jauna is Lex 64a (neu ‘naujas + ‘mėnulis), Saue eig Raugas Lex 73 (saue Teig ‘gas as + Teig Lex e), Weiß B od Pi py na, and Bal a 104a (weiß B od + he b ead). The e a e e y ew wo ds in he dic iona y ha ha e a i s owel ha can be a p e ix o a nume al, and hey make up only 3.8% o all he objec wo ds analyzed, e.g. Fo he pu poses o his Decision, he ollowing de ini ions shall apply: The wo d combina ions wi h he i s noun and he e b combina ion may be wi h o wi hou he conjunc i e elemen s. In he Nag inje o manusc ip , 196 compound wo ds a e cha ac e ized by in e ixa ion, hey make up abou 16.8% o all compound wo ds. Connec ing elemen s can be ei he lexible o non-connec i e (see able 1). One LENTEL. Lexicon Li huanicum Combina ion o he wo ds "dū iniai" and "dū iniai" wi h he i s noun and e b 1045 (100 %) Wi hou a connec ing elemen wi h a connec ing elemen 849 (81,2 %) 196 (18,8 %) Linked connec o s Non-linked connec o s 174 (16,7 %) 22 (2,1 %) The junc ions o mos o he du s wi h he wo objec s in he cu ain ma k he le mos o m o he i s cu ain (see able 2). The e bs a e combined wi h hese un in e aces: A icles by A icles 59 XVII a. anoniminio ank aš inio žodyno Lexicon Li huanicum sudu iniai okiečių kalbos daik a a džiai Two slowly. O he , o ci cula c oss-sec ion, o s ainless s eel (e)s(e)n e e ens The name o he p oduc + he name o he p oduc 58 103 10 10 2 The name o he p oduc + he name o he p oduc - - 13 - - P opo ion o 29.6 52.6 11.7 5.1 1 a) -(e)n-, wi h which he e a e mos ly wo ds, e.g. The ollowing species a e included in he lis o endange ed species: Augenliede Akkiu Wokkai Lex 10 (gen. pl. Augen ‘eyes + nom. pl. Liede ‘ oices), Bi ckenoel Degu as Lex 18 (gen. pl. Bi cken ‘be ges + nom. sg. Oel ‘aliejus), Fliegen Schwa m Mussuma ai ‘musium spie (gen. pl. Fliegen ‘musium + nom. sg. Schwa m. ‘spiečius), Ge s ens oh Miezenmiei ‘s g ass (gen. Ge s en […] o he ci ies […] + name. he ollowing able is added: S oh […] he sheep); b) -(e)s-, wi h which ewe du s a e eco ded han wi h he connec ing elemen -(e)n-, e.g. Bocksho n Ozo ho ns […] ho n ho ns […] Lex 19 (gen. sg. Bocks […] ho ns […]), B äu igams Mu e Anczy a […] any a […] Lex 19a (gen. sg. B äu igams […] younges […] + nom. sg. Mo he […] mo he […]), Hauß Baßnyczia […] Baßnia […] Lex […] (gen. sg. Die […] […] […] nom. […]), Kind Kind Kind Kind wai s, Kind wai s, Annuks […] (gen. […] names […] Kind wai s, Kind wai s, e c.); c) -e-, which is much a e han -(e)ni -(e)s-, o example. The ollowing de ini ions shall apply: E nd ezei Pju es Czesas […]pjū is[…] Lex 32 (su name: E nd e […]pjū is[…] + name: Zei […]laikas[…]), Ganses all Zasinyczia […]žąsidė[…] Lex 39 (su name: Ganse [Gänse] […]žų[…] + name: S all […] a as[…]), Kuhe Kalb Telicze […] Telicai ė […] Lex 56 (su name: Kuhe [Kühe] […] o he ca iages […] + name. he ollowing able is added: The language is " eliukas"); d) -e -, which has 10 compounds, e.g. Eye Kla Bal inys […]bal ymas[…] Lex 33a (gen. pl. Eye […]kiaušinių[…] + Kla […]bal ymas[…]), Hüne s all Laks a […] iš idė[…] Lex 51a (gen. pl. Hüne [Hühne ] […] iš ų[…] + nom. sg. S all […] a as[…]), Kleide bü s D apano Szepe ys […] Lex 54a (gen. pl. The Kleide o clo hes + name. he ollowing able is added: Bü s [e] ‘šepe ys’); e) -ens-, ku iuo sujung a os po a žodžių, p z.: Glaubensgenoß Wienos Wie- Lex 43 (gen. sg. Glaubens ‘belie + nom. sg. Genoß [Genosse] iend, membe ), He zens eund iendship wi h a close iend Lex 48a (gen. sg. He zens iendship wi h a close iend + nom. sg. He zens iend). The noun and he adjec i e a e a ely combined wi h non-linked elemen s, e.g. Fo he pu poses o his Annex, he ollowing de ini ions shall apply: DALIUS JARMALAVIČIUS 60 The Li huanian Language Ac LXXIV The Commission he e o e concludes ha he aid is compa ible wi h he in e nal ma ke wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c) o he T ea y. Mos o he e bs wi h he p e ix a e used wi hou a conjunc ion. Wi h he conjunc i e non-linking in e ix -ežodyne, 13 wo ds we e ound, hey make up 8.1% o his ype o dū inių, e.g. The ollowing is a summa y o he main p o isions o he T ea y on he Func ioning o he Eu opean Union: B ie […] is emp y […]. By compa ing he da a om his s udy wi h o he wo ks on his o ical wo d o ma ion, we can see ce ain endencies in he combina ion o du ian and Ge manic wo ds in 17 h-cen u y sou ces. Fo example, Danielis Solling ound ha in se en een h-cen u y se mon ex s, he mos common conjuga ions o compound nouns a e -(e)n- (54.1%) and -(e)s- (38.4%), while o he conjuga ions a e much a e (see Solling 2012: 1478). […]14 The in e ixa ion pa e ns men ioned a e also cha ac e is ic o Lang's manusc ip dic iona y, and he conjunc i e elemen s -(e)ni -(e)ssuda o accoun o 45.4% and 41.3% o all in e ixes, espec i ely (see Ja mala ičius 2014: 125). 3. Ag icul u al paymen s o cemen companies The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion. G upuojan dū inius pagal jų dėmenų seman inį–sin aksinį yšį, pasi em a Helen La sson (2010: 13 pp.) gi es a classi ica ion ha dis inguishes be ween de e mina i e, possessi e, con olling and copula i e du ies. The Lexicon Li huanicum o de e mina i e cas les is eco ded in 1116, o possessi e ones 20, o uling ones 34, and o copula i e ones none (see diag am 2). 3.1. De e mina i e du ies The analysis o he wo d-making o he Lexicon Li huanicum shows ha he mos p oduc i e a e he de e mina i e Ge manic wo ds (see diag am 2). This ype o compound wo d was eco ded in 1116 (abou 95.4% o all du s). Mos ly ound de e mina i e du s, bo h o which a e simple wo ds (simplicia), hey o m A icles by A icles 61 XVII a. anoniminio ank aš inio žodyno Lexicon Li huanicum sudu iniai okiečių kalbos daik a a džiai The ollowing able summa ises he main cha ac e is ics o he p oduc : (i) he p oduc is cha ac e ised by a low a con en , (ii) he p oduc is cha ac e ised by a low a con en , (iii) he p oduc is cha ac e ised by a high a con en , (i ) he p oduc is cha ac e ised by a low a con en , ( ) he p oduc is cha ac e ised by a low a con en , ( i) he p oduc is cha ac e ised by a low a con en . Manu ac u e in which he alue o all he ma e ials used does no exceed 50% o he ex-wo ks p ice o he p oduc O dina y Da inys + name + Da inys + O dina y O dina y name + name da inys O dina y name da inys Numbe s 948 115 49 4 Pe cen age o 84.9 by 10.3 by 4.4 by 0.4 The i s o second le e o he noun de e mina i e p onouns can be a noun. This s uc u e is ep esen ed by 168 wo ds (15.1% o he dic iona y). The i s g oup o wo ds in a sen ence has a second owel, and he second g oup o wo ds has a second owel, and he hi d g oup o wo ds has a second owel, and he hi d g oup o wo ds has a second owel. This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. This is DIAGRAM 2. Vocabula y acco ding o he seman ic-syn ac ic na u e o he wo ds3 DALIUS JARMALAVIČIUS 62 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXIV in espec o he clea s one. The e a e 115 such wo ds (see able 3). The ollowing is a summa y o he main indings o he e iew: (i) he Commission conside s ha he con es ed ax uling does no cons i u e S a e aid wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (1) o he T ea y. (ii) he Lex 44 (Gö ze ‘s abas’ + Dien-e ‘ a nau ojas’ ← dienen ‘ a nau i’), Ehe e - bindnüß De ybos ‘san uokos pa i inimas’ Lex 26a (Ehe ‘san uoka’ + Ve - Commission conside s ha he con es ed ax uling does no cons i u e S a e aid wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (1) o he T ea y. I is a yellowish-g een (E d(e) […]zemė[…] + Wey auch [Weih auch] […]smilkalai[…] → weihen […]sanc i y[…] + Rauch […]dūmai[…]). The o he , mo e han wice as small, g oup o de e mina i e compounds consis s o wo ds whose i s owel can be a e b, a e b o a e b, and he second a simple wo d. This ype o s uc u e is cha ac e is ic o 49 du s (see able 3). The ollowing is a summa y o he main indings o he e iew: (i) The Commission conside s ha he con es ed ax uling does no cons i u e S a e aid wi hin he meaning o A icle 51a (Jag-e [Jäge ] ‘medžio ojas’ ← jagen ‘medžio i’ + Ga n ‘ inklas, kilpos’), 107 (1) o he T ea y. (ii) The Commission conside s ha he con es ed ax uling does no cons i u e S a e aid wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (1) o he T ea y. In a e cases, bina y nouns can also be he i s syllable o de e mina i e nouns, e.g. Kachelo en uß Pûdmen as […] ounda ion (s one on which he koklinė k osnis is buil ) […] Lex 52a (Kachelo en […] koklinė k osnis[…] ← (Kachel […] koklis[…] + O en […] k osnis[…]) + Fußpėda[…]), Mannsb weib Zen e […], žen ė […] Lex 60a (Mannsb ude […] owe […] […] […] […] Weib […] Lex […]), Mu e Te enas […] 63 (Mu e […] mo he […] […] mo he […] + Schwes e […] […] mo he […]) […] I is impo an o no e ha wo ds consis ing o mo e han wo owels,