Rytis Ambrazevičius, Asta Leskauskaitė. „Priebalsių akustinės ypatybės: palatalizacija ir balsingumas“

296 Ac o Linguis ic Li huanian LXXVI VYTAUTAS KARDELIS The Uni e si y o Vilnius Resea ch a eas include dialec ology, synch onous and diach onous phonology, language his o y, cogni i e seman ics. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. LESKAUSKAIT is he name o he game. The ad an ages o acous ics YATYB: PALATALIZATION and he ollowing BALSINGUM and i s sal s The Commission he e o e concludes ha he aid is compa ible wi h he in e nal ma ke wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c) TFEU. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. In 2014, he publishing house Technologia published a book by he Kaunas Uni e si y o Technology and he Li huanian Academy o Music and Thea e, P o . d . The monog aph on acous ic p ope ies o he P ebalsi: pala aliza ion and balancing by D . As os Leskauskai ė, a senio esea che a he Ins i u e o Li huanian Language and he Ins i u e o Li huanian Language. The andem o music and language acous ics, e hnomusicology and expe ienced dialec ologis s, phone ics and phonology specialis s has al eady published gene al scien i ic wo ks in he ield o acous ic phone ics be o e his monog aph. The monog aph men ioned and e iewed he e is a solid esul o coope a ion be ween he wo scien is s. The p epa a ion o he monog aph was suppo ed by he S a e Commission o Li huanian Language om he unds o he S a e P og am o S anda diza ion, Consump ion, Educa ion and Dissemina ion o he Li huanian Language 2016-2015. The monog aph was e iewed by an expe ienced phone ics specialis , P o . d . This is As a Kazlauskienė, doc o . Lina Mu inienė, D . Ju gi a Ja osla ienė. She is also a membe o he boa d o di ec o s o he Eu opean Ins i u e o Gende Equali y. The monog aph consis s o he "Ins i u e", wo la ge sec ions "P iebalsi pala aliza ion" and "P iebalsi balsingumas", "Iš ados", as well as a lis o li e a u e, a lis o su names, a lis o subjec s, a dic iona y and a summa y in English. The en e p ise gi es a b ie o e iew o esea ch on acous ic p ope ies o bells in he wo ld and in Li huania; he objec and pu pose o he s udy, he subjec ma e o he s udy and he wo king me hodology discussed; indica es which au ho p epa ed he speci ic chap e s o he monog aph. Ry is Amb aze ičius, As a Leskauskai ė. P iebalsių akus inės ypa ybės: pala alizacija i balsingumas Re iews and e iews 297 The s uc u e o he ollowing monog aph is clea , logically s uc u ed, and con enien o he eade . As a as possible, econcile he i s and second sec ions. They bo h s a wi h he le e Gene al knowledge and end wi h Apibend in. In he i s chap e , The pala aliza ion o he p ebalsi, he pala aliza ion o sona as, puchymic p ebalsi, explosi e p ebalsi, a ika and examples o p ebalsi is discussed. In he second chap e , he "Balsami y o P ey" analyzes he Balsami y o puchymic p ey, explosi e p ey, A ican p ey and sample p ey. Thus, he i s sec ion consis s o se en, and he second […] six mo e o less co ela ed sky els. I is also necessa y o say ha bo h sec ions and he sec ions ha make hem up a e di ided in o wo pa s: one o hem is dedica ed o he s anda d ( he au ho s use he e m "common") Li huanian dialec s, and he o he is dedica ed o he pala aliza ion and p onuncia ion o he dialec s o he Li huanian dialec s (sou he n and eas e n highland illages and illages). A he beginning o each chap e , he common ea u es a e discussed (e.g., common ea u es o pala aliza ion, common ea u es o pala aliza ion o puchiai, common ea u es o pala ali y o p onouns, common ea u es o p onouns o p onouns, e c.), one chap e is de o ed o he analysis o he acous ic ea u es o s anda d Li huanian, and he o he o he analysis o he co esponding p onouns o Li huanian. This s uc u e is consis en ly main ained h oughou he monog aph and is, o cou se, e alua ed posi i ely. I makes he wo k easie , especially o he eade who is in e es ed, o example, only in he s anda d language o only in ansla ions. In addi ion, his s uc u e makes i easy o ind and compa e he same o di e en cha ac e is ics o di e en saws. The subjec line also con ibu es g ea ly o he con enience. In he ollowing e iew, I will b ie ly lis o he aspec s o he monog aph ha I belie e o be posi i e. a) The monog aph makes a e y good imp ession by he cle e and concen a ed p esen a ion o heo e ical app oaches and insigh s, he suppo o classical and he la es heo e ical wo ks in acous ic phone ics. The heo y eliably and i mly ela es o he me hodology […] ein o ces he me hodological aspec s and beau i ully ela es o he empi ical ma e ial being s udied. b) Ano he posi i e ea u e is he ela ionship wi h ypology, suppo o he esea ch o o he languages (Russian, F ench, English, e c.), he me hodology and he esul s o hese esea ch. I is ue ha oo de ailed compa isons a e a oided, bu he Li huanian language immedia ely inds i sel in a b oade ypological con ex […] his is a kind o pa h o u u e esea ch. c) I is impo an ha bo h he classical and he la es wo ks o Li huanian phone ics, which a e based on hem, a e discussed wi h he au ho s o hose wo ks. The e a e also La ian colleagues in he egion, some o whom wo k oge he wi h Li huanian colleagues. d) I is g a i ying ha he ques ions o e minology a e no le ou (in he Li huanian linguis ic space, ques ions o linguis ic e minology a e always ele an , especially because o hei g ea VYTAUTAS KARDELIS 298 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXVI, which gi es ise o some con usion). Te ms, some o which a e new o no ye es ablished in Li huanian phone ic li e a u e, a e ied o be explici ly explained, and he mos app op ia e a ian s a e sugges ed in he opinion o he au ho s. (e) Ano he poin men ioned by he monog aph and i s au ho s should be emphasised: 'This monog aph can also be used as a s a ing poin o u he , mo e in-dep h wo k and, o some ex en , as a eaching and me hodological ool' (p. 14). Al hough he monog aph con ains only ex unde s andable o specialis s in phone ics, some o he ex s, especially a he beginning o he in oduc o y chap e s, can ce ainly be used o educa ional pu poses. In addi ion, hese ex s a e beau i ully and use ully linked o one o he au ho s o he monog aph […] R. Amb aze ičius […] he me hodological publica ion Kalbos akus ika glaus ai published in 2011. And pe haps he mos impo an and he mos en e aining is he […]Zodynėlis[…] inse ed a he end o he monog aph in ques ion, which is an excellen ool o s uden s who a e augh a cou se in phone ics. ) I is impo an ha he monog aph con ains a lo o illus a i e ma e ial ha objec i ely suppo s he au ho s' esea ch, easoning and insigh s. (g) The s udy o ocal samples in e ms o pala ali y and ocal capaci y, in pa icula he s udy o ocal ma e , should be conside ed in a e y posi i e ligh . The au ho s he e ha e gi en impo an insigh s, aised issues ha no only phone icians, bu also dialec ologis s, phonologis s should ake up in he u u e. h) In p inciple, i is also necessa y o e alua e posi i ely he s udy o he s anda d Li huanian language and e minology ma e ial and he compa ison o he esul s […] his me hod has i s own ad an ages, and also aises ce ain discussion ques ions […] which is also an ad an age o he monog aph. di e si y, and some imes also because o inconsis ency) and i is also necessa y o emphasize ano he posi i e aspec , which is decla ed in he in oduc ion ( he main a en ion o he s udy is paid o he cha ac e is ics, i.e. no o ends, bu o clea conclusions) and esponds o he conclusions (i is ne e heless necessa y o apply a di e en me hod o s udy when desc ibing he cha ac e is ics o di e en classes). The sea ch o di e ences by looking a i h ough he p ism o complexi y is a commendable me hodological app oach. The e a e some discussion no es and hough s ha a ose while s udying he monog aph unde discussion. a) The au ho s o he monog aph ailed o make any c i ical ema ks abou he me hodology o wo k, so hey mas e ed he me hodology pe ec ly. Howe e , he selec ion o he ma e ial could aise a ques ion o deba e. Aldo Pupkio and An ano Pake io's book Li huanian Language Common Tes was used o he s anda d language es . Compac disc eco dings o he "compac disc" o he ex o he compac disc (2004) The subjec ma e was in es iga ed based on he audio eco dings o he spon aneous speech o he se en p esen e s. The au ho s o he monog aph s a e: "Fi s o all, i should be said ha he basis o his s udy is no ideal condi ions (isola ion o a i icial Ry is Amb aze ičius, As a Leskauskai ė. P iebalsių akus inės ypa ybės: pala alizacija i balsingumas Re iews 299 in conjunc ion), as is cus oma y in acous ic phone ics, and in spon aneous speech (monologues, dialogues) he sounds a e eplaced by "p ibalsia" (p. 11). I o ally ag ee ha he spon anei y c i e ion applies o spoken language, bu I would doub he applica ion o his c i e ion o s anda d language. The s anda d language is no comple ely spon aneous in his case. The compac disc was eco ded by he dic iona y and he pu pose o he eco ding is clea […] common Li huanian dic iona y, so i can be assumed ha he dic iona y was subjec o he ele an equi emen s, he dic iona y had o be an example. So i is ha dly possible o alk abou such spon anei y as is ound in he ansla ion eco ds in he case o he s anda d language. And he au ho s hemsel es say ha […]O cou se, he phenomena in ques ion may also be in luenced by he di e en p onuncia ions o he spon aneous language o he in e p e e and he demons a ion o he ac o […] (p. 62). Because he s anda d i sel equi es as li le a ia ion and op ional as possible, and spon aneous spoken language jus goes in ha di ec ion. Ne e heless, such a compa ison is in e es ing and aluable in p inciple. In ac , his ema k is mo e abou he e ms han abou he s udy i sel . The eade has al eady been clea ly old wha ma e ial is being s udied and compa ed. I is no a coincidence ha he oldes gene a ion o speake s (a e age age […] 70 yea s) […] hey bes e ain he cha ac e is ics o he adi ional language[…] (p. 12). Theo e ically yes, p ac ically no necessa ily; In addi ion, i would ha e been mo e in e es ing and pe haps mo e aluable i he NORM c i e ia had no been s ic ly obse ed. Pe haps he esul s o he s udy would ha e been mo e in e es ing and mo e e lec i e o he eal si ua ion in his case. b) Ano he also mo e e minology- ela ed no e is abou he e ms pala al, pala alized, pala aliza ion and so , ha d use. They' e used in he monog aph o p imi i e, al hough I hink i would ha e been be e o ha e chosen only pala alinis, pala alized, pala aliza ion. Al hough he monog aph is clea ly a wo k o phone ic di ec ion, one o he phonological e m occu s, o example opposi ion, di e en ial ea u es, ele an posi ion (p. When he e is a sligh shi o pe cep ual phone ics, he e m pe cep ion a ises (p. 33, 36, 53, 54, 86). The e m " ecogni ion" some imes o ces us o wonde whe he we a e alking abou a pe cep ual aspec o a "phone ic" ecogni ion o sound, i.e. acco ding o he spec um (see page 54). Pe haps such excu sions a e no a big bad hing in essence, bu hey somewha ha monize he phone ic idea and s uc u e o he monog aph. In addi ion, i is some imes di icul o dis inguish whe he he e m is used in a phone ic o phonological con ex , e.g. de-pala aliza ion (p. In some places, synch onously inco ec wo ding occu s, o example, […]Remembe ha in he sou he n and eas e n highland slopes, he compound is slowly said o be ha d[…] (p. 68) I […] is said o be slow, i is no a […]ha d[…] compound. VYTAUTAS KARDELIS 300 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXVI, con aining he ollowing sec ions: d) And he las poin o discussion is mo e ela ed o he ma e ial o he dialec ological monog aph and i s s udy. The au ho s a e spon aneously awa e o he p oblem (e.g. "The opposi ion be ween ha dness and so ness in he sou he n and eas e n ele a ed a eas o he illages is changing, so some o he p eposi ions o his o ical and assimila i e so ness can be said o be inconsis en ", p. 42), bu he e is no clea o mula ion o i o he end. And he p oblem, o mo e p ecisely, an impo an aspec o he s udy is he linguis ic phenomenon o a ia ion and he acul a i e na u e o some linguis ic phenomena in spon aneous speech. Those who ha e encoun e ed he empi ical ma e ial o he Li huanian language dialec s, I hink, clea ly see ha one o he mos cha ac e is ic ea u es o he Li huanian language dialec s is no only he classical dia opic, dias a ic and diaphasic a ia ion, bu also he la ge numbe o acul a i e, compe ing a ian s, cha ac e is ic o all le els o he language s uc u e. I is also e y impo an ha op ional, compe ing a ian s a e cha ac e is ic o he same in o man language. Such compe i ion is pa icula ly p onounced in eas e n highlands o Vilnius, al hough, as jus men ioned, i is essen ially cha ac e is ic o he en i e Li huanian-speaking a ea. Al hough he au ho s clea ly unde s and he impo ance o he linguis ic ea u es o indi idual speake s, e.g. […]Thus, he linguis ic ea u es o indi idual speake s can de e mine he meanings o he F2 loci o he p e ixes, so hey should be coun ed, sha ed and in e p e ed wi h cau ion[…] Howe e , he emphasis on a ia ion in gene al and on he op ional, compe ing a ian s in his case in he monog aph, seems o ha e been lacking. Howe e , hese ema ks a e mo e o he u u e, and he au ho s o he monog aph could conside hem sepa a ely in hei u u e wo ks. To conclude his b ie o e iew, I would like o wish my colleagues he bes o luck in con inuing hei wo k and in deligh ing he linguis ic communi y wi h new esea ch esul s. The monog aph and he esul s o he esea ch ca ied ou in i o ce no only phone ic specialis s, bu also phonologis s o u n hei heads […] as he la es esul s o acous ic phone ics esea ch o be inco po a ed in o he heo y and p ac ice o phonology. Deli e ed on 3 June 2017 VYTAUTAS KARDELIS Vilnius Uni e si y Facul y o Philology Uni e si y g. 5, LT-01513 Vilnius, Li huania is loca ed a y au as.ka delis@ l . u.l