Daiva Aliūkaitė, Danguolė Mikulėnienė, Agnė Čepaitienė, Laura Geržotaitė. „Kalbos variantiškumas ir jo vertinimas perceptyviosios dialektologijos požiūriu: variantų ir vietų vaizdiniai“

A icles by A icles 259 DALIA PAKALNIŠKIENĖ Klaipėdos uni e si e as The di ec ions o scien i ic esea ch a e: Bal ic s udies, geolinguis ics, his o y o ac ion wo ds. I is also known as he "Golden T iangle" o he "Golden T iangle" o he "Golden T iangle" o he "Golden T iangle". Va ie ies o speech I and VALUE Pe cep ions and a i udes F om he poin o iew o dialec ics: VARIANT and VIET Family membe s This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. Vilnius: Published by he Uni e si y o Vilnius, 2017, p. 326. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. The e iewed monog aph is an unusual e en in Li huanian his o y. An inno a i e quan i a i e and quali a i e s udy o Li huanian language a ie ies, based on he assessmen o membe s o he common language communi y, p o ides new da a o he in en o y, in e p e a ion, de elopmen and p ospec i e disclosu e o language a ie ies. Fi s o all, he selec ion o global linguis ic li e a u e s ands ou - i is based on he mos impo an wo ks o linguis ic a ia ion and pe cep ual dialec ology, c i ically exploi ing he heo e ical p o isions and p ac ices o he mos p ominen linguis ic schools. The monog aph, as he numbe ing indica es, consis s o six pa s o di e en scope. Pa 5 consis s o only six pages, and Pa 6 con ains he conclusions, so pe haps i would ha e been mo e accu a e o combine hese sec ions and p esen hem as a single conclusion. I should be no ed ha chap e 5 The in e p e a ion o he isual and subs an i e dimension in language a iance s udies clea ly summa ises he esul s o he s udy. Chap e 1, which is en i led "In oduc ion", p o ides an unde s anding o linguis ic a ia ion, dis inguishing he wo mos impo an exp essions o a ia ion DALIA PAKALNIŠKIENĖ 260 […] Va ian s and images o places in he LXXVIII ca ego y o he Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica. The aim o he p ojec is o "explo e he geolinguis ic compe ence o he membe s o he common language communi y, which is unde s ood by he au ho s o he monog aph as he knowledge and abili y o ecognize he a iabili y o a language and connec i wi h di e en a eas o geog aphy." (2) social a iables (i.e. social a iables); and 3) cul u al (i.e. cul u al a iables wi h cul u al dimensions) […] (20 p.). A i s glance, he […]epheme al[…] desi e is eliably measu ed in sequen ial s eps […] o o mula e asks o ensu e a success ul s udy: o de elop he s udy me hodology, o es ablish he selec ion c i e ia o he s udy and he esea ch egions, and o ca y ou he s udy using he esul ing geolinguis ic compe ence model. The monog aph was subs an ially p epa ed as a esul o he p ojec "The place o he common Li huanian language on he men al map o he Li huanian language" (led by P o . D . Dai a Aliukai ė) ca ied ou a he Facul y o Kaunas o Vilnius Uni e si y wi h he unds o he S a e Commission o he Li huanian Language in 2014-2016. So she gained a a ie y o expe ience, lea ned om he own successes and mis akes. Mo e han 1400 young people we e aken in o cus ody. I was decided o s udy he e balized and isualized linguis ic p o isions, in o he wo ds, he geolinguis ic compe ence, o a ai ly la ge con ingen o 15-19 yea old high school s uden s and s uden s, in en Li huanian a eas, which bes ep esen adi ional Li huanian dialec s, and he new dialec s o he 21s cen u y: he no he n dialec s we e ep esen ed by he K e inga, Plungės and Mažeiki dialec s, he eas e n dialec s by he Bi žai and he wes e n dialec s by he Vilka iški dialec s. E en he mos di icul o in es iga e a e he ansi ional geolec s o Šiauliai, Kupiškio and Ukme gė. The second chap e o he monog aph "Language a ia ion om he poin o iew o pe cep ual dialec ology" p esen s a c i ical e ospec i e om u al o u ban dialec ology, om adi ional o dynamic and pe cep ual dialec ology, a dialec -o ien ed pa adigm ha has allowed he c ea ion o an inno a i e esea ch me hodology. Pe cep ual s udies a e g ouped ch onologically in o s ages be o e and a e Denis R. P es on's book Pe cep ual Dialec ology (P es on 1989), many o whose p o isions a e based on con empo a y linguis ics. Along wi h he me hodology, a quali ied ansla ion o accommoda ion o he e m wi h co espondence in o he languages is also p esen ed. I is expec ed ha i will be na u ally abso bed by o he Li huanian esea che s and easily "con e ed" in o an in e na ional con ex . The s udy is based on Dennis R. P es on's i e-componen model o pe cep ual inqui y, which consis s o se e al asks: a pencil map o a ian s, an assessmen o he egula i y and a ac i eness o a ian s, a dis inc ion be ween a ian s, a ecogni ion o dialec s, a concep ual assessmen (P es on 1999), and he essence and alue o hese asks. To s udy he a iabili y o he Li huanian language Dai a Aliūkai ė, Danguolė Mikulėnienė, Agnė Čepai ienė, Lau a Ge žo ai ė Kalbos a ian iškumas i jo e inimas pe cep y iosios dialek ologijos požiū iu: a ian ų i ie ų aizdiniai In a new s udy, he esea che s de eloped a complex ques ionnai e model ha isualizes and e balizes he geolinguis ic compe ence o he esponden . Chap e s 3 and 4 o he monog aph a e de o ed o he quali a i e and quan i a i e in e p e a ion o he da a ob ained. In he hi d chap e , "Subjec i e models o Li huanian language a ia ion: concep ualiza ion o he spoken language and isual mapping o men al language a ia ion", he isual discou se o egional Li huanian language a ia ion is de eloped. Fi s ly, he sociolinguis ic po ai o he ep esen a i e o he language is discussed om he ques ionnai es. I is led by Fumio Inoue's Valuable Wo ds (Inoue 1999) and Pe e Ga e o, Angie Williams, and Be sy E ans's Valuable Wo ds Techniques (Ga e , Williams, E ans) p inciples, and was p epa ed by he Valuable Wo ds Ne wo k in 2005. The su ey da a showed ha he main cha ac e is ics o he ep esen a i e o he language a e ela ed o he egion and he place o esidence, age, espec o he pas , language, e c. The isual in e ace wi h NORM (Chambe s, T udgill 2004) e eals he igu a i e p o isions ha he spoken language is a sign o he wo ld ha has passed. Howe e , as de ailed e bally and especially isually demons a ed in he monog aph, such concep ualiza ion a di e en poin s is o une en in ensi y. Analysis o men al maps and hei commen s e ealed he imaginable landscape o dialec s, showed p o o ypical zones o dialec ali y. The compu e p og am Gabmap (Ne bonne e al. 2011) shows in sys ema ic maps he concep ualiza ion o he na i e language o di e en dialec s and poin s, he images o he dialec zones, he desc ip ions o linguis ic ea u es, which show a ai ly good geolinguis ic compe ence. I would be in e es ing o compa e he maps o he meanings o di e en poin s […] o highligh he na i e ac ion o he language in he in es iga i e p o isions. In addi ion, he maps o he di e ences (Figu e 70) a e commen ed on in mo e de ail. No only would i be meaning ul o explain he lines on he maps, i.e. wha he lines connec ing da ke o ligh e a eas indica e, bu i would also be meaning ul o conside why i is p ecisely hese a eas o spa ial a ia ion ha a e o med in he images being s udied. Examples o pencil maps show ha a la ge pa o hem a e subjec o commen a y […] men ioning he signs o he ma king o he e i o y in one a ea o ano he (co ec , unde s andable, beau i ul o ugly, e c.). The analysis o hose cha ac e is ics would ha e g ea ly en iched he s udy o he p o o ypical zones o ange. The maps showed he di e en classi ica ion o he e i o ies he domina ing d ina (land ele a ions) and he ke u ana (land ele a ions, low-lying a eas and so on) (known, eco ded and so on). I has been obse ed ha he young people su eyed end o swi ch o he quad a ic classi ica ion, and he easons o his shi a e indica ed: he in luence o he classi ica ion o e hnog aphic egions, he unequal dis ibu ion o land and highlands and o he his o ical en i onmen s. DALIA PAKALNIŠKIENĖ 262 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXVIII (Linguis ic Ac o Li huania) was adop ed by he Li huanian Pa liamen . In he ou h chap e , "Subjec i e models o Li huanian language a ia ion: concep ualiza ion o he common language and imaging mapping o men al language a ia ion", a sociolinguis ic po ai o he ep esen a i e o he common language cons uc ed on a geolinguis ic basis aims o show he di e ence be ween he concep ualiza ion o he common language in he highlands and he lowlands. The same meaning ul wo ds, associa ions, echnique o de e mine he h ee mos impo an ea u es o he po ai o he ep esen a i e o he common language […] educa ion, iden i y o he ci y, egula language (pas o ečiau). Ano he impo an aspec ha shows he di e en concep ualiza ion o he language o he uppe and lowe classes, […] mode ni y, ein o cing he s e eo ypical opposi ion […] a my […] pas , he oldes gene a ion e sion o he language […] p esen , he younge gene a ion e sion […] (192 p.). This is a clea uppe bounda y, and he younge lowlande s do no associa e he common language wi h mode ni y […] his is associa ed wi h he li eliness o he lowland dialec . The e a e no signi ican di e ences be ween he ep esen a ions o he common language o he younge uppe classes and he lowe classes. The Ty ene eco ded ha he common language spoken by he lowlande s was ea ed as a s ange . The hand maps showed he localiza ion images o he common language. Common language a eas a e usually associa ed wi h majo cen e s, egional cen e s o e en a linguis ic homeland. The common language is mos o en associa ed wi h he wes e n pa o Li huania, less o en wi h he cen al o eas e n pa o Li huania. Acco ding o he su ey, young people in all poin s a e mos likely o iden i y wi h he common language a ea in Vilnius and Kaunas, less o en in Klaipėda. In e es ingly, he esea che s concluded ha he mos p o o ypical common language zones a e loca ed in he a eas ha a e leas iden i ied wi h he language zones. In he b ie i h chap e The alue o image and dimension o p o isions in language a iabili y s udies i is s a ed ha he su ey o Li huanian s uden s' p o isions is ep esen a i e om he poin o iew o he samples collec ed by he esea che s. As I ha e al eady men ioned, all he ideas lis ed he e could na u ally be inco po a ed in o conclusions ha consis en ly p esen he common language and e minology o o dina y speake s and hei main cha ac e is ics. I u ned ou ha he mos impo an cha ac e is ics o he common language a e educa ion and localiza ion (la ge ci ies […] Vilnius, Kaunas, Klaipėda). Men al maps showed ha he mos p o o ypical zones o e i o iali y a e loca ed in he new e i o ial s uc u es […] Plunges, K e ingas, Mažeiki geolec (land a eas) Bi žų, Va ėnos geolec (land a eas) and egional geolec cen es […] Telšiuose, Šiauliuose, Pane ėžyje, Aly uje, o he ci ies […] Rie a e, Skuode. The esul s o he s udy show ha he geolinguis ic compe ence o young people in Li huanian gymnasiums and seconda y schools is su icien . Such an assessmen is mos based on pencil maps, which show ha membe s o he younge gene a ion o he language communi y a e in ui i ely able o dis inguish be ween s ongly, mode a ely and weakly dema ca ed zones. Dai a Aliūkai ė, Danguolė Mikulėnienė, Agnė Čepai ienė, Lau a Ge žo ai ė Kalbos a ian iškumas i jo e inimas pe cep y iosios dialek ologijos požiū iu: a ian ų i ie ų aizdiniai Re iews by 263 Mode n quan i a i e and s a is ical me hods inc ease he eliabili y and objec i i y o he s udy. The dialec ome y me hod is a compu e p og am de eloped by Gab map o quali a i ely and quan i a i ely summa ize he con ol poin s p o o ype language and common language usage zone maps, he s a is ical me hod o compile maps o alues e lec ing he signi icance o all a eas in e ms o language, maps o di e ences o ne wo ks showing he deg ee o language, clus e maps and dend og ams […] he monog aph is isualized in 174 images! In addi ion o all he o he posi i e aspec s, he subjec and o mal uni y and consis ency o he monog aph is no ewo hy, which was no easy o he ou alen ed scien is s o achie e. On he con a y, he esea che s o di e en imes combined hei expe ience and compe ences in o a uni ied ich ab ic. A mode n, high-quali y, p ecise s udy is ano he co ne s one in he Li huanian geolinguis ic house, na u ally en e ing he linguis ic space o he wo ld. LITERATŪRA Chambe s Jack K., T udgill Pe e 2004: Dialec ology. Second Edi ion. Cam- b idge: Camb idge Uni e si y P ess. Ga e Pe e , Williams Angie, E ans Be sy 2005: Accessing Social Mea- nings: Values o Keywo ds, Values in Keywo ds. – Ac a Linguis ica Ha niensia: In e na- ional Jou nal o Linguis ics 37(1), 37–54. Inoue Fumio 1999: Classi ica ion o Dialec s by Image: English and Japanese. – Handbook o Pe cep ual Dialec ology 1, eds. Dennis R. P es on. Ams e dam, Phila- delphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 147–160. Ne bonne John, Colen Rinke, Gooskens Cha lo e, Kleiweg Pe e , Lei- nonen The ese 2011: Gabmap – A Web Applica ion o Dialec ology. – Dialec olo- gia Special Issue II. P es on Dennis R. 1989: Pe cep ual Dialec ology: Nonlinguis s’ Views o A eal Lin- guis ics. Do d ech : Fo is. P es on Dennis R. 1999: Handbook o Pe cep ual Dialec ology 1, eds. Dennis R. P es on. Ams e dam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company. Deli e ed on 30 June 2018 DALIA PAKALNIŠKIENĖ Klaipėdos uni e si e as The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion.