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S aipsniai / A icles 279 LINAS KONTRIMAS Vilniaus uni e si e as GENOMIKA, ATMINTIS, LANGUAGE, TIKRAS and DIRBTINIS This is a lis o he species included in his ca ego y. I 's called in elligence. The VISCA ship SUSIJ? Wha a e you doing? Genomics, memo y, language, human and a i icial in elligence. How is E e y hing In e connec ed? This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal. We don' jus collec in o ma ion wi h ou i e senses. Human DNA ca ies an inc edibly la ge amoun o in o ma ion. Scien is s a e inishing coun ing he human genome. Now ha we' e s a ing o build a i icial in elligence, i 's wo h asking ques ions abou how in o ma ion is s o ed in human genes, whe he such in o ma ion can be decoded using, o example, combined linguis ic and o he scien i ic me hods, wha pe cen age o ou consciousness's a chi es a e made up o in o ma ion in DNA, and whe he i 's subjec o e bal encoding and decoding. The sea ch o answe s o hese ques ions leads o in e disciplina i y, whe e gene icis s, linguis s, scien is s in he ield o echnology can expand he bounda ies o human sel -knowledge. The ollowing wo ds a e essen ial: genomics, memo y, in o ma ion s o age and coding, knowledge. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal. We don' jus collec in o ma ion by he i e senses. The human DNA ca ies as amoun s o in o ma ion. Scien is s a e abou o calcula e human genes. In ligh o he p esen -day e o o c ea e a i icial in elligence, i is wo h asking how in o ma ion abou a human being is eco ded in genes, can such in o ma ion be decoded by applying, o example, combined me hods o linguis ics and o he sciences, wha pe cen age o ou subconscious a chi es is made up o he in o ma ion s o ed in DNA, and whe he i yields o e bal encoding and decoding. The sea ch o he answe s o hese ques ions would lead us owa d a c oss-disciplina y app oach whe e gene icis s, linguis s, and echnological scien is s could expand he limi s o human sel -knowledge. KEYWORDS: genomics, memo y, accumula ion and encoding o in o ma ion, cogni ion. LINAS KONTRIMAS 280 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXIX This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. The elease and a ailabili y o knowledge c ea es a pa adoxical si ua ion: knowledge ha pe mea es e e ywhe e allows he accumula ion o ac s, bu hei abundance educes he numbe o people who can o wan o connec and summa ize hose ac s. P o essionalism, specializa ion, becomes dange ous because i can u n a pe son in o a na ow-minded expe who has o deal wi h he memo y o a compu e . And o lose. Such a scena io is also dange ous because o he human and na u al cu iosi y mas, no as pažin i, išsiaiškin i, sup as i nebė a s a bus pe se, o ik ada, kai isa ai eda p ie echnologinio p i aikomumo. So wisdom can only become a wo d in a wo d, because i is unnecessa y in a wo ld ha is desc ibed in e ms o i sel , in e ms o hings, in e ms o u ili y, because i is only a u u e, no a echnological b eak h ough. And ye . In e es ingly, i would be e y in e es ing o ind ou wha con en , apa om he ob ious poe y, ou ances o s encoded in ce ain sayings, p o e bs, sayings. Fo example, oday's gene icis s could in e p e he ph ases "blood b o he s" and "blood ela ionship" in a comple ely di e en way. And wha does i mean o pass on a message by blood, om gene a ion o gene a ion? Again, gene icis s would say clea ly: all human in o ma ion is DNA, so he sen ence doesn' cause any complica ions... And ye . I would be in e es ing o ind ou i i is possible o ead he w i en human genome in a comple ely di e en way. And wha i i we e ead along wi h gene ics by mode n linguis s, his o ians? Science is always pa o he mys e y. The e y ac ha a scien i ic, sensi i e and hung y gaze leads deep in o he knowledge o he essence makes him close o he mys ics. The la e a e also cu ious abou his and o he pa s o he wo ld. Fo example, Indian mys ics a e a ahead o Wes e n knowledge in some a eas o spi i ual knowledge. They ha e been cul i a ing a sys em o cen u ies in which abs inence plays an impo an bu no he mos impo an ole. Acco ding o Indian mys ics, his memo y is no jus wha we a e accus omed o calling memo y […] he b ain's abili y o emembe hings ela ed o ou expe ience. The Indian mys ics, he yogis, claim ha ou memo y is a ma e ial a min is, ku i kaupia isą in o maciją nuo pa pasaulio sukū imo. Skamba keis ai, be i ėl: okiame pasakyme a i os ši dies mokslininkas jau and spi i ual body ha eads his and ha , and mo e, namely, ha , o example, my DNA can lead o he oo s o he ee o li e. Yes, bu did you b ing i ? Ce ainly no , because he p ecision, he igo , e en he d yness o science o en blocks he connec ion o di e en ideas. Genomika, a min is, kalba, ik as i di b inis in elek as. Kaip iskas susiję? Insigh s om Insigh s 281 On he o he hand, being by i s e y na u e a ield o c ea i i y, science will always emain a place whe e he e is oom o new, unexplo ed hings, and a he same ime […] and de me hough s, a i s , seem o ha e no hing o do wi h each o he . The human being is a complex sys em. The union and con on a ion o he physical and spi i ual wo lds has been and will emain o a long ime he wo ld o hopes and disappoin men s o a is s, scien is s and o he cu ious people. A some poin , a pe son ealizes ha i is necessa y o eco d, accumula e and pass on his expe iences and indings o he nex gene a ion. Signs, symbols, s o ies, w i ing, images, music - all he means ake a piece o he isible and in isible eali y, solidi y i in hei own ways and gi e i o o he s, gi e i o he u u e. They encode in he hope ha o he s will be able o decode. The human mind, hough di icul , hough no all o i , is able o decode o he sys ems o knowledge ansmission ha i has c ea ed: o example, in he 19 h cen u y, eading he ancien Egyp ian hie oglyphs, he handw i ing used in Mesopo amia... in he 20 h cen u y, i allowed us o open ano he , be e composing […] gene book. Gene ics and genomics a e now apidly ad ancing h ough chemicals ou in o ma ion o mulas in o he e y essence o human biology. The human genes, hei combina ions, end up being coun ed. The map o human genes allows us o explo e o he , no jus he geog aphical jou ney o homo sapiens. The same is ue o wha we ake on his jou ney: in o ma ion encoded in genes ha is speci ic o he species is passed on om gene a ion o gene a ion. Inhe i ance, en i onmen al impac - e e y hing is encoded in genes. They' e no jus esponsible o he in o ma ion, hey' e esponsible o he applica ion, he unc ion. The human FOX2 gene is esponsible o language. So gene ics allows us o ge o know ou sel es anew. And oday's echnology, especially he de elopmen o a i icial in elligence, is o cing us o go back o ou na u e and ask (again) hese ques ions: How do we s o e in o ma ion abou ou sel es a he gene ic le el? How is his in o ma ion encoded? How do we decode i ? How is i p onounced? Is all he in o ma ion a he gene le el "sunky" abou ma e , o is he e also knowledge abou he spi i ual gene ics o homo sapiens? How does gene in o ma ion ge in o he memo y we use? Is language (in he b oad sense) in ol ed in encoding such in o ma ion, o is i jus s o ing and ansmi ing i ? Do he e exis wo d codes ha can help "unlock" and "lock" gene in o ma ion? How does language as a whole ela e o gene in o ma ion clus e s? Is i possible, and i so, how could i be possible o p og am in o ma ion a he gene ic le el h ough he language code? Can we, in p inciple, speak no only o he body bu also o he imma e ial, say, he gene ics o he soul? LINAS KONTRIMAS 282 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXIX g . neu on o he wo ld)? When we alk abou , o example, he Li huanian, Ge man, cinema, e c. genome, can we alk abou mo e han jus biological in o ma ion and how ha in o ma ion can be encoded and inhe i ed? All o hese ques ions will no seem s ange i we jus hink o a momen abou ou own na u e and i s mys e y. A e we c ea ed o he esul o e olu ion? Who and when ins alled he conscience p og am in us? So is i possible o ake an in e disciplina y app oach o e- ead he in o ma ion in genes and look o codes ha equi e no only biochemical bu also e bal coding o decoding? The e a e s ill many ques ions ha make li e in e es ing and meaning ul. My hypo hesis is ha he human genome con ains encoded in o ma ion ha ela es no only o he physical p ope ies o memo y and ansmission, bu also o he spi i ual p ope ies o memo y and ansmission, and ha he phenomenon o language should connec hese wo domains and allow he encoding and decoding o he accumula ed in o ma ion, ans e ing i om he gene ic memo y o he psychological and e bal. I'm no going o lie o you. The e a e al eady some se ious pi alls in he hypo hesis i sel . To me, hese di icul ies do no signal he impossibili y o he hypo hesis i sel . On he con a y, hey a e only b igh s imuli ha allow us o connec di e en pa s in o a whole. One o he di icul ies has o do wi h he de ini ion o p ope ies. We can mo e o less lis and desc ibe he physical quali ies o man, bu he spi i ual ones a e no so easily subjec ed o such an ac ion. This is whe e he a ea o opinion, he a ea o a i ude, becomes e y impo an . Does his mean ha such a de ini ion o spi i ual quali ies is no possible? I don hink so. Thei exis ence is doub ed by he uni , and he language is able o de ine he p esen subjec . Ano he di icul y is memo y. Gene ic memo y could be compa ed o a lib a y o in o ma ion abou us, homo sapiens, in a somewha simplis ic way. Tha knowledge in o ma ion eco ded in a ce ain chemical medium. Neu ologis s, who s udy he human b ain, name a eas ha a e esponsible o memo y, such as he empo al lobe. I 's been said ha we s o e ou memo ies h ough emo ions. Bu is ha all? Can you eplenish ou memo y wi h in o ma ion om he gene ic laye ? My gu ells me i can and i does. The e o e, he ques ion is qui e logical how? Because he p ocesses ha ake place in us ha e he abili y o be unde s ood, ha is, o be ansla ed in o wo ds. Genomika, a min is, kalba, ik as i di b inis in elek as. Kaip iskas susiję? Insigh s om Insigh s 283 So i in o ma ion exis s, i he e a e places whe e i can be eleased, whe e i can be sha ed, he e mus be ways o ollow his pa h, o maybe e en epea i . The Commission's p oposal o a di ec i e on he p o ec ion o wo ke s om he isks ela ed o exposu e o ca cinogens a wo k is based on he p inciple o p opo ionali y. I happened like any no mal humani a ian: al hough he exac sciences ollowed, bu o a ious easons he school was a om hem, bu he espec o his ield o knowledge emained and g ew. I was u he s eng hened by he philosophical p o ision ha man is no di ided, his knowledge mus be as connec ed as possible. I'm no alking abou speci ic a eas o esea ch. I'm alking abou he wisdom ha uni es all knowledge, and i 's c ea ed by any deepe scien i ic knowledge. Who, bu no necessa ily, knows how o desc ibe, o ell, o make a comp ehensible p ide. I' e asked mysel many imes i i 's possible o answe he ques ions aised in he p esen a ion o his hypo hesis wi h he help o linguis s, genomicis s, neu oscien is s, psychologis s and compu e scien is s. Bu y o unleash he cu iosi y, he imagina ion unde nea h his sec ion: Gene ics can supplemen he knowledge o o he sciences ha s udy ances y. In o ma ion ansmi ed by genes, g ouped, linked by genes and compa ed wi h he gene ic in o ma ion o o he popula ions, allows conclusions o be d awn abou he o igin o he popula ion. Human DNA, ansmi ed om gene a ion o gene a ion, con ains in o ma ion abou he his o y o ou ances o s. The e o e, mode n s udies o he gene ic di e si y o p esen -day popula ions help o e eal e en hose aspec s o human his o y abou which he e is e y li le an h opological and a chaeological da a o only hypo heses. I 's called he Kuczynski Valley. The gene coun ing me hod […] is a g ouping and s udy o quan i a i e in o ma ion. Then we ead o he in o ma ion: abou inhe i ance, abou disease, al hough he basis emains he same - he decoding o genome in o ma ion. In Ap il 2003, i was announced ha he human genome had been scanned. I is es ima ed ha we ha e abou 35,000 genes. Bu : Today, i is known ha only a small pa o he genome makes up unc ionally impo an uni s o he genus. The o he pa o he DNA is called he non-coding pa . Howe e , his s a emen is likely o be only pa ially co ec . Wha in o ma ion is ansmi ed in o he pa s? I can be s udied by biochemical me hods. And wha i we looked a he in o ma ion encoded in he DNA in a di e en way, om he e i o y o o he sciences, bu also om a p ac ical pe spec i e, o example, om he pe spec i e o in o ma ion echnology, om he pe spec i e o a i icial in elligence? Would a mul idisciplina y app oach open up ano he DNA eading code? The di e si y o he Kuczynski genome: Li huanians in Eu ope, 2004 LINAS KONTRIMAS 284 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXIX V. Kučinskas, i damas genomą, pasi elkė ieną iš humani a inių mokslų – he s o y. His esea ch opens up a new space o he explana ion o Li huanian o igin. The scien is came o he e i o y o his o y consis en ly con inuing his gene ic esea ch. His ques ion "Wha is he Li huanian genome?" ga e imp essi e esul s. The scien is wen om he known ield (genome) o he mix u e (e hnogenesis). Appa en ly, he e's a e e se way o do i . We know ha humans a e bo n wi h an inna e abili y o lea n a language. In a pa icula linguis ic en i onmen , a pe son also acqui es he g amma o a pa icula language, acqui es a sense o language. We al eady know ha he gene esponsible o language has been desc ibed. We know ha humans ha e o he inna e quali ies: a achmen , eelings, alues (i accep s o ejec s - ha 's ano he hing, i 's impo an ha he e's a code gi en o unde s and hem, o g oup hem, o a chi e hem). Wha i such in o ma ion, igu a i ely speaking, is also ansmi ed h ough blood? Asking such ques ions is e y complica ed. I 's like ying o co e up wha you can' co e up, ie up wha you can' ie up... Bu my gu ells me ha he ime o do ha is igh now, when we ha e so much knowledge abou he en i onmen and abou ou sel es. And ha knowledge keeps g owing, e en hough human na u e esea ch keeps u ning he wheel. And also: Al hough each o us is unique, he o e all es ima e is ha he di e ences be ween people on he DNA le el a e only 0.1 pe cen , on a e age. So ha 's 99.9 pe cen . DNA sequences a e consis en . The genome can be compa ed o a book because i also con ains he le e s A, T, G, and C (i.e. nucleo ides) in he collec ion. The di e ences be ween each human genome book a e e y small compa ed o ano he genome, says V. Kučinskas. Simila ly, people a e made up o he same, only sligh ly di e en , mixed se s o ins inc s, wo ds, eelings, expe iences. They' e all made om he same clay... he e's jus one unknown pa icle ha makes us unique. The abili y o hink is also gi en o all. The chain o hough is clea : i shows ha y imas – ikižodinė būsenų s adija – įžodinimas ( aiška) – pa y imas... Man a - he e is a c ack he e. When we hink, we don' jus ope a e on in o ma ion om he i e senses. We also "app oach" in o ma ion in he body, say, in o ma ion ha is gene ically encoded and passed on om gene a ion o gene a ion. Wha do you mean? - Whe e is i ? Ce ain his o ical memo y, wisdom codes and hei sys ems also exis . They may be passed on o u u e gene a ions in he same way ha in o ma ion is passed on h ough genes. I is possible ha he codes o his o ical expe ience (in he b oades sense) a e also w i en in genes. Pa o ha in o ma ion, pa o Genomika, a min is, kalba, ik as i di b inis in elek as. Kaip iskas susiję? hose codes ha people inhe i by na u e, we say in ui i ely, wi hou ou indi idual expe ience. You spend you whole li e lea ning how o decode a pa . Bo h his o ical and s a is ical s udies a e needed o econs uc human e olu ion. In o de o unde s and human e olu ion, physical and social an h opology, a chaeology, demog aphy and linguis ics a e equally impo an , says V. Kučinskas. The Road o Pe di ion In 2017, I sha ed my hypo hesis wi h wo highly espec ed academics, P o . G asilda Blaziene, a well-known P ussian and language esea che , and P o . Vaidučiu Kučinsku, a well-known gene icis , also known o he gene al public as a Li huanian genome esea che . I'm g a e ul o he academics o lis ening o my easoning and saying ha ideas a e wo h ca e ul and in-dep h esea ch. The hypo hesis, no ocusing on a single objec o s udy, equi es a la ge eam o in e disciplina y eams. I is a g ea pleasu e ha bo h academics ha e decided o con ibu e o his s udy and lead he espec i e eams o scien is s. Today he e is a sea ch o possibili ies o he implemen a ion o he p ojec , a sea ch o unding. The cos s, compa ed o he possible esul s and bene i s o many sciences and he p ac ical wo ld, a e no la ge, bu hey a e essen ial. In addi ion o in ellec ual esou ces, we also need labo a o ies, ma e ials o gene ic esea ch. The e's an appeal. We a e wai ing. The e o e, he oad, e en hough i had a solid ounda ion unde i s ee , wi h e y expe ienced and hono able iends by i s side, s ill s ood i m in he hi s y mo ning smoke. Deli e ed on 22 No embe 2018 LINAS KONTRIMAS Vilniaus uni e si e as The Commission he e o e concludes ha he aid is compa ible wi h he in e nal ma ke wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c) o he T ea y.