Was man aus Dialekt-Sprachführern für die Laiendialektologie und Laienlinguistik lernen kann

248 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIII (Linguis ic Ac s o he Li huanians) KLAUS GEYER Süddänische Uni e si ä in Odense His main a eas o esea ch a e language a ia ion, subs anda d a ie ies, digi al p agma ics, media linguis ics, gende linguis ics, Ge man as a o eign language, p o essional communica ion, audio- isual ansla ion. I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . Wha 's he ma e wi h you? Spokesmen o he LAIENDIALECTOLOGY and Linguis ic lea ning I can. Ko galima išmok i iš a miškų pasikalbėjimų žinynų, p iski iamų nemokslinei dialek ologijai i kalbo y ai The anno a ion Ph ase books o a elle s o me chan s ha e ypically been o ien ed owa ds s anda d a ie ies and good language use. Dialec ph ase books a e a ela i ely young phenomenon, a leas as a as Ge man is conce ned. They seem o ul ill a di e en pu pose han egula ph ase books do: They a e no made (and bough ) o easing communica ion wi h people whose language one does no mas e su icien ly, bu me ely o en e ainmen . This a icle examines how dialec al ph ase books on a mac o scale as well as in de ail make use o olk linguis ic a i udes and belie es o ul ill his unc ion. KEYWORDS: ph ase books, dialec al ph ase books, olk dialec ology, olk linguis ics, Ge man dialec s. This is ANOTACIJA. I is no uncommon o people o speak in ongues, bu i is no uncommon o people o speak in ongues. The pu pose o he empo a y allowances is o compensa e o he new a i als, in pa icula he poul y a me s. A ody ų, kad i jų ikslas bū ų kiek ki oks nei įp as ų pasikalbėjimų knygelių, nes pi mieji nė a leidžiami (i pa duodami) am, kad S aipsniai A icles 249 and Was man aus Dialek -Sp ach üh e n ü die Laiendialek ologie und Laienlinguis ik le nen kann paleng in ų bend a imą su žmonėmis, ku ie nepakankamai ge ai į aldę kalbą, jie labiau o ien uo i į eigiamą skai y ojo emocinę būseną. This is he i s ime ha he Eu opean Pa liamen has o ed in a ou o he bill. This is an analysis o he a icle, as a mac o-linguis ic aspec o he a miškų pasikalbėjimų žinynuose išsamiai pasinaudo a liaudies kalbinėmis nuos a omis, ikin is, kad jos a liks minė ą unkciją. ESMINIAI ŽODŽIAI: he wo ds o he passages, he slang o he passages, he dialec ology o he liaudies (nemokslinė), he linguis ics o he liaudies, he slang o he ocabula y. 1. EINLEITUNG Sp ach üh e ü Reisende und Kau leu e gib es schon sei ielen Hunde Jah- Howe e , i was only wi h he eme gence and de elopmen o educa ional and leisu e ou ism ha hey de eloped in o a s able ype o ex . Howe e , hei basic s uc u es and heme design can be aced back om oday o he ea ly models. Mode n language guides a e usually based on s anda d a ie ies. Colloquial language o slang is only used on an excep ional basis. A special g oup o language guides a e Dialec Language Guides, which ha e been launched by a ew publishe s o a ew yea s. A i s glance, he dialec language guides seem o be e y simila o he well-known s anda d a ie ies o language guides, bu a signi ican unc ional di e ence c ys allizes on close examina ion: while s anda d language guides p ima ily se e as communica ion aids, dialec language guides seem p ima ily o en e ain. A numbe o aspec s can be iden i ied, which is why he ex ype Dialec Language Guide is conside ed a wo hwhile subjec o s udy. This is he i s ime in he his o y o he Eu opean Union ha he e m 'pe cep ion dialec ical' o 'non-linguis ic esea ch' has been used. This con ibu ion is based on a b oad unde s anding o lay linguis ics.1 Acco ding o he concep o Folk Linguis ics by Niedzielski, P es on Lai (2000: iii), laymen a e o be unde s ood as " hose who a e no ained p o essionals in he a ea unde in es iga ion". Fo language as a subjec , his means he o e whelming majo i y o a language communi y. Language is pa icula ly p edes ined o employmen by laymen, because i is immedia ely and wi hou special equipmen o special knowledge qui e accessible and almos omnip esen . Membe s o language communi ies ha e hei own ideas and opinions abou language and languages, al hough in some places hese may also be shaped by s ong, school-based no ms and co ec ness. Ne e heless, he concep s 1 Mo e de ails on his Geye 2021. This is KLAUS GEYER 250 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIII by Lai: wi hin he subjec o language an ex emely ele an esea ch his he bzgl. Da a, me hods, hypo heses, analyses be eich ü die Linguis ik da . Laienlinguis ik im hie e wende en Sinne um ass zweie lei: Eine sei s is and in e p e a ions no su icien o he cu en linguis ic s anda ds, o en mo e o an e alua ion han o a linguis ic conside a ion ca ied ou by laymen and gene ally o laymen. On he o he hand, lay linguis ics also includes he s udy o his, which is he e o e o be unde s ood as a genuine lay linguis ics.2 The e a e also nume ous name books o help pa en s choose a sui able i s name, o en on Sp achbe ach ung du ch die (wissenscha liche) Linguis ik. Das Konzep de Volkse ymologie beispielsweise, wo in „die his o ische Sp achwissenscha mi einem Quän chen Übe heblichkei […] das laienha e alsche E ymologisie en im Gegensa z zu wissenscha lichen E ymologie ausd ück “ (Augs 2002: 144), he basis o he ac ual, i.e. his o ical, meaning o hei child (e.g. Wei e shaus 2004). Howe e , he mos p ominen lay linguis ic subjec a ea o Ge man is aspec s o language con ac , language a ia ion and language change and hei e alua ion. These include, o example, he discussions on Anglicisms, he spelling e o m and, cu en ly, linguis ic gende . Changes a e usually iewed nega i ely. In addi ion o a wide ange o communica ion and s yle guides, ins uc ions on g amma ical co ec ness and i s limi s, on alleged g amma ical logic o on popula g amma ical e o s play a majo ole in lay linguis ics. On he side o he s udy o he s udy o language by laymen, in addi ion o he undamen al s udy o An os o Ge man (1996), he wo ks o P es on (since 1982) on lay o pe cep ual dialec ology a e o be men ioned, including in pa icula he wo pionee ing olumes o he Handbook o Pe cep ual Dialec ology (P es on 1999 and Long, P es on 2002). Hund (1992) made an inspi ing con ibu ion o he Ge man language a an ea ly s age. Lay dialec ology has now also eached smalle language communi ies, see o example Aliūkai ė e al. (2017) o Li huanian. The so-called olk e ymology is linguis ically qui e in o ma i e and has i s place in he con ex o a "synch onous e ymology", discussed by Augs (1975, 2002). 3 See also S auss' (2018) s udy on he o ical ad ise s. 4 In ecen yea s, o he linguis ic disciplines ha e been examined in e ms o hei lay linguis ic concep s, c . Albu y (2014) on language planning and language policy, he con ibu ions in Ha dy, He ling & Pa zel (2015) on lay linguis ic discou ses on language in he S aipsniai A icles 251 o Was man aus Dialek -Sp ach üh e n ü die Laiendialek ologie und Laienlinguis ik le nen kann Howe e , dialec guides do no seem o ha e been s udied om a layman's pe spec i e un il now, al hough his, as shown below, is a e y ewa ding endea o . The a icle is s uc u ed as ollows: In he ollowing sec ion 2, he ex ype Sp ach üh e is highligh ed. Sec ion 3 is add essed o he Kaude welsch dialec guides o he Reise Know-How publishing house, whose da abase o guides ([…]F änkisch […] Das Deu sch de F anken[…]) is p o ided in Analyse bilden. Sie we den aus laiendialek ologische Pe spek i e un e such (Abschni 4). Eine exempla ische Mik oanalyse eines ausgewähl en Dialek - sec ion 5. Finally, sec ion 6 summa ises he esul s and akes a look. 2. The ypes o spokesmen Speech guides a e o be ega ded as a ela i ely young ype o ex , which eme ged only in conjunc ion wi h a el guides (e.g. Baedeke ) du ing he eme ging ou ism in he middle o he 19 h cen u y. And as one who, hanks o ansla ion apps and simila ools, like Nadobnik (2019: 415) belie es, migh soon become supe luous again. A b ie look a his o ical p edecesso s e eals an as onishing s uc u al con inui y. The Dunhuang Manusc ip s om he la e 10 h cen u y. Acco ding o Shaik (2014), hey con ain a con e sa ion aid o a ele s on he Silk Road and o (Buddhis ) pilg ims wi h he languages Chinese, Sansk i and Sakish (an Os ian language). E en a li le olde a e he Kassel Glossen om he beginning o he 9 h cen u y. wi h he language pai La in and Old High Ge man in he Ba a ian dialec . Fo example, hey con ain he ollowing passage, which is landscape-sensi i e om oday's poin o iew (Glück 2002: 68): S ul i sun omani sapien i sun paio i modica es sapien i in omana plus haben s ul i ia quam sapien ia ole sin uualha spahe sin peig ia luzic is spahe in uualhum ma e hapen olahei i denne spahi is he name o he ci y in which i is loca ed. The Welsh a e s upid, he Ba a ians a e cle e . The Welsh a e no e y cle e , hey a e mo e s upid han cle e . Pasquale (2011) and Pasquale & P es on (2013) o lay linguis ic ideas on he i s sen ence. Lea ning and eaching o eign languages. This is KLAUS GEYER 252 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIII (Linguis ic Ac s o he Li huanians) F om he end o he 9 h. The Old Ge man Con e sa ions, on he o he hand, a e "a kind o small book o con e sa ions con aining Ge man inn dialogues wi h ansla ions in o La in" (Glück, 2002: 68). A cen al ole in he de elopmen o he ex ype Sp ach üh e is played by he epea edly men ioned (e.g. Hend icks 2014: 29; Ge nen z e al. 1988: 2123) I alian-Ge man language book Libe in olga o by Geo g on Nü nbe g, who is also he i s known DaF eache , as Ede (2010: 57) emphasizes. W i en o I alian me chan s in con ac wi h High Ge man, i consis s o h ee pa s: A he beginning s and a e Sachgebie37). La e , al eady p in ed wo ks on lea ning Ge man a e qui e o ien ed on he s uc u e o en geo dne e Wö e und Wendungen, ge olg on eine Lis e on Ve ben mi bes imm en Flexions o men und zule z zwei „Handelsdialoge“ (Pausch 1972: Geo g on Nü nbe g's Sp ach üh e (c . 2002: 419 . Happiness ). In mode n imes, he name Baedecke has been in use since he 19 h cen u y. Rep esen a i e o a beginning democ a iza ion o a el. I c ea es a whole new need o ou guides, which also makes language unde s anding a lo mo e impo an . The i s edi ion o The T a elle 's 2019 Manual o Con e sa ion in English, Ge man, F ench and I alian was published by Baedeke Ve lag in 1836, ollowed by edi ions o Ge man and F ench-speaking as well as a sho guide o he Russian language along wi h a collec ion o con e sa ions and ocabula y ( om edi ion Manuel de langue usse 1833, Manual o he Russian Language 1914). I emains a special y o he Baedeke a el guide Sweden and No way alongside he main a el ou es h ough Denma k; Handbook o a elle s om 1879, om he beginning o include a sec ion on Danish-No wegian and Swedish g amma : g amma , ph ases, ocabula y o a el use, as is o en he case wi h mode n ou guides o his day. Howe e , specialized language guides a e no only a ela i ely young ype o ex , hey ha e ha dly been explo ed so a , a leas om a linguis ic pe spec i e. An excep ion is he ecen wo k o Nadobnik (2019), which ocuses on a compa ison o Ge man and Polish language guides, bu also a whole se ies o impo an obse a ions on he Tex ing is gene ally employed. Wi h he inclusion o digi al echnical capabili ies, Nadobnik de ines he language guide as a e e ence wo k sui able mainly o a el (o o o he communica ion pu poses, including au onomous lea ning) (mos o en as a pocke book, bu also in he o m o da a and o sound ca ie s such as an iPhone app o a S aipsniai A icles 253 and Was man aus Dialek -Sp ach üh e n ü die Laiendialek ologie und Laienlinguis ik le nen kann MP3-Da ei) wi h samples o linguis ic ac ion in ypical e e yday si ua ions (along wi h o he in o ma ion on p onuncia ion, g amma , geog aphy, also p o ided wi h wo d lis s o a dic iona y) o all who ha e no o li le o eign language knowledge (Nadobnik 2019: 141). Rega dless o he medial ma e iali y, in line wi h Nadobnik (2019: 135), he ollowing can be conside ed as cons i u i e elemen s o a language guide: 1) an in oduc o y pa wi h in oduc ion and able o con en s, as well as 2) pa e ns o communica i e ac ions (sc ip s, dialogue sequences, Dialoge) als Ke nelemen . Als wei e e zen ale Elemen e sind zu be ach en 3) ein Wö e e zeichnis in Fo m on Wo lis en ode kleinen Wö e bü- che n (in w i ing and possibly also in image), as well as 4) a b ie g amma and 5) in o ma ion on p onuncia ion, which (a) as a ansc ip ion o he p onuncia ion by ansli e a ion o phone ic ansc ip ion; and b) be demons a ed by means o sound ca ie s such as audio casse es, CDs, MP3 iles. Added 6) g aphic elemen s such as maps, illus a ions, pho os, ables and pic u e boa ds o display on he one hand, and 7) o he elemen s such as sample ex s o le e s o coun y and cul u al in o ma ion on he o he . In he ollowing sec ion, he Kaude welsch Sp ach und Dialek üh e a e p esen ed. 3. The Kaude wellian language Dialec o he Füh e 3.1. Kaude welsch language guide Die Kaude welsch Sp ach üh e des Reise Know-How Ve lages sind im Kon- ex des au kommenden indi iduellen Rucksack-Tou ismus de 70e Jah e zu I would like o ask he P esiden -in-O ice o he Council whe he he is awa e o he ac ha he Council o Minis e s o he Eu opean Communi ies has adop ed a esolu ion on he si ua ion in he o me Yugosla ia. This is KLAUS GEYER Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIII 254 and i s annexes A e some o e unne s in he au ho g oup […]Globe o e w i e o be o e “ wi d 1981 de e s en Reise üh e und wenig spä e ab 1983 auch mi dem Band „Indonesisch (Bahasa Indonesia)“ de e s e Kaude welsch Sp ach- Glo üh e b ough o he ma ke . The choice o he name Kaude welsch o he se ies may a i s su p ise, bu o example he Digi al Dic iona y o he Ge man Language (dwds.de) indica es as he meaning o Kaude welsch […] con used and incomp ehensible, e oneous language[…] and he Duden Online Dic iona y (duden.de) […] mixed om se e al languages, incomp ehensible language, p onuncia ion[…]; Howe e , he nega i e Deund conno a ion (dwds.de: […]de aluing[…]) is used in he publishing se ies in a posi i e way in he sense o : […]The linguis ic esul o ying o communica e wi h people whose You can' speak he language. Cu en ly (July 2020) he se ies o language guides comp ises 248 olumes, which a e o e ed as pocke books in A6 o ma wi h a olume o 120-160 pages a p ices o usually less han 10 eu os. The language guides a e also a ailable elec onically in PDF o ma and a e la gely supplemen ed by audio accompanying ma e ial, consis ing o audio iles o he w i en example wo ds and sen ences. Acco ding o publishe s, he se ies comp ises 137 […]o icial languages[…] (see Kaude welsch sp ach üh e ), wi h a highly di e si ied o e o plu icen ic languages wi h la ge language communi ies: 18 i les o Spanish, 14 o English, 12 o A abic, 7 o F ench; The e a e also 18 language guides o Ge man as a o eign language, 11 slang language guides, some culina y language guides and also he se ies Dialec […] o Dialec s o Ge man. The Kaude welsch language guides unde s and hemsel es, as can be seen om he in oduc ion o he olumes (see he e as an example Bd. 54 Li huanian o 1999), as "speake s" wi h whose help one can " eally" lea n o speak and unde s and he language o he "people on he s ee " (Jähne 1999 6). I is emphasised ha li le alue is a ached o media ion and media ion. The wo ding o g amma ical ules is laid down. G amma ical phenomena a e named using he Ge man e ms known om he Ge man p ima y school didac ics: 1., 2., e c. Case ( o nomina i e, geni i e, e c.), o ewo d and su ix (whe e p e ix and su ix a e mean ), ela i e wo ds ( o p eposi ions), middle wo ds ( o pa iciples) hings o his a e he Rhae o-Romanesque o he popula ion o Chu (Uppe Ge man Kaue ), who we e known o hei ac i i y as a eling ade s and shopkeepe s, o bu 5 Die E ymologie on Kaude welsch is nich eindeu ig geklä : Das zwei e Komposi ionsglied -welsch ü ‘ omanisch’ is dabei unp oblema isch, im Gegensa z zu kaude -. Als mögliche Bedeu- speak caude n in a meaning […]undeu lich, kolle n (like a u h) […], supposedly (see. Cle e 1989; concep ual con usions such as ime and ime o gende and gende , e c. A ema kable linguis ic peculia i y o he language guides is he wo d- o -wo d ansla ions o he gi en example ph ases This is Duden 2014. S aipsniai A icles 255 and Was man aus Dialek -Sp ach üh e n ü die Laiendialek ologie und Laienlinguis ik le nen kann usw., eine P axis, die nu o de g ündig die Gegens ände ein ache zugänglich mach . Die Ve meidung e mein lich schwie ige F emdwö e wi d e kau mi and sen ences: he sou ce language is p esen ed in hal - a p in wi hou segmen a ion o uni s below he wo d limi , ollowed by a line wi h lexical and g amma ical glossa ies o he wo ds and inally a line wi h an idioma ic ansla ion inse ed, see he ollowing example om Ge man Jähne (1999: 74): A e you a good pe son? FW, is i possible o smoke? Can I smoke? This cla i ica ion o linguis ic s uc u es wi hou explici me a-language in o ma ion, e.g. in he o m o g amma ical ules, is in ended o enable he use o he language guide o o m new sen ences independen ly wi h he help o he dic iona y acco ding o exis ing pa e ns. 3.2. The Kaude welsch dialec guide The Kaude welsch dialec guide se ies basically ollows he same s uc u al and design p inciples as he language guides; I is no necessa y o use glossy wo ds, p obably because hey a e no conside ed necessa y. As a a ge g oup, hey a e called " a elle s", o whom " o eign-sounding sounds and exp essions" o he dialec s a e o be opened up. The ac ha i is less a means o communica ion wi h he ancien s han a medium wi h an en e ainmen unc ion is made clea by he mul iple e e ences o he e ms "humou ", "language ea s" and "image- ich language" o "language as a wo ld iew", c . 6 FW in he glossa y s ands o "ques ion wo d" (ques ion a icle); he diac i ics […] and […] a e no no mally w i en; They indica e he place and ype o he accen . 7 I should be explici ly poin ed ou ha o he publishe s also o e simila p oduc s (see [X] = Saa land, Ba a ian, Hessian, Swabian, F ench, Swiss Ge man, Kölsch, T ie ) om he Anaconda publishing house in Cologne; Polyglo dialec guide: [X] (wi h [X] = Ba a ian, Swabian) om he publishing house G ä e and Unze , Munich. z. B. die Reihen „Langenscheid humo olle Sp ach üh e : [X] ü An änge “ (mi [X] = Bai isch, Schwäbisch, Ruh po , Sächsisch, F änkisch, Kölsch, Badisch); „Meine e s en 270 Wö e au [X]“ This is KLAUS GEYER Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIII he laiendia lec ologically enligh ening desc ip ion o he se ies (exempla y wo ds, ypes o speech, puns and sayings on kaude welsch bai isch, de In e ne in o ma ion zu Kölbl 2009): Kaude welsch Dialek s ell deu sche Dialek e und Munda en o . Die o igi- ha exis in e e y dialec , he special humo o he people and hei way o speaking […] all his makes a egion colo ul and in e es ing. Thanks o he simple spelling, e en an un ained pe son can lea n almos any dialec . Howe e , a dialec is ne e jus ano he way o speaking, bu i also e lec s a di e en way o hinking, eeling and li ing. The e o e, a e a b ie in oduc ion o he phone ic and g amma ical peculia i ies, Kaude welsch dialec guides concen a e di ec ly on egionally ypical ph ases and ph ases. The loose sayings and linguis ic ea s show he cha m o his mos ly pic o ial colloquial language. The Kaude welsch Dialec se ies cu en ly comp ises 13 olumes (as o July 2020). These co e la ge pa s o he Ge man-speaking a ea. They use in he i le pa ly he names common in dialec ology (e.g. Saxon, Ba a ian), pa ly laienlinguis ic names (e.g. Ruh deu sch), he la e especially when e e ing o a dialec egion ia he name o he u ban cen e (e.g. Kölsch, Be line isch); Howe e , he bounda ies o he u ban a ea a e no always clea . F om a dialec ological poin o iew, he e a e almos ine i ably inaccu acies: o example, olume 106 […]Bai isch[…] deals only wi h he Ba a ian in Ba a ia, no wi h he Ba a ian in he dialec ological sense, which ex ends a beyond Ba a ia in he eas and sou h; Viennese ( ol. 78) is as much a pa o he Ba a ian dialec as Ty olean ( ol. 236). Volume 186 […]F ench[…] con ains Eas F ench, i.e. he dialec o he egion known as F anconia in no he n Ba a ia, bu no Rhine o Moselle F ench, Cen al F ench, Lowe F ench. Volume 116 names he "Ge man o he Alamanni" in Alsa ian, while olumes 71 "Schweize üü sch" and 127 "Schwäbisch" also con ain Ge man dialec egions. Ne e heless, he designa ions o he dialec s a e o be unde s ood as lay linguis ically salien , as discussed in he ollowing sec ion 4. The e m Kölsch can ce ainly be be e localized and associa ed wi h an idea o mos speake s o Ge man han his o he (special) dialec ological e m. Ripua ian would be possible. F om he ecep ion pe spec i e, i is in e es ing o see which dialec s appea ed i s in he se ies and which we e added la e . This may ce ainly also be due o coincidences such as he a ailabili y o sui able au ho s in S aipsniai A icles 263 and 263 Was man aus Dialek -Sp ach üh e n ü die Laiendialek ologie und Laienlinguis ik le nen kann (R3) AK1 18. This is he i s ime I' e seen i . June 2014 A bi o a mess ... ... in F anconia ne e hu s. By he way, F anken is he o he Ba a ia, he egion ha always eels un ai ly disad an aged! The bookle is supposed o b ing me o he "Uppe Ba a ians" on a F anconian le el. All igh , hen. ; -) (R4) D17. Wha is i ? Janua y 2014 I'm F anke mysel , and i made me laugh. - I 's a g ea gi . - g ea excu sions o he many egions o F anconia - he "F ench" is laughable - almos e e y hing is exac ly as desc ibed in he book!! ! (R5) M 27 and Augus 2013 well esea ched, in small o ma and a g ea gi The li le book, i has a small pocke o ma , is well buil and eally holds many F ankish idioms eady and should be o much I 's all igh . I 's all igh . I was eally su p ised a how many well-known ph ases I ound in i . In addi ion, he book con ains in e es ing in o ma ion abou he F anks and e en con ains songs. Especially iends om o he egions will ha e a lo o un wi h he book o see i as an indispensable help; ) The p ice is eally ai and he well- esea ched bookle is wo h e e y penny. I 's a g ea gi o an o e - egional iend o ela i e. (R6) TS 13. The ollowing able is inse ed: This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal. G ea gi o non-F ancs. I bough he book as a joke o my new acquain ances. You' e om he no h and I'm om Uppe F anconia, so he e's a ew "communica ion di icul ies" he e and he e:), came supe as a gi ! (R7) A19 This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal. My colleagues and I ha e gi en his bookle o a new colleague om Do mund who has ecen ly mo ed o Nu embe g o he bi hday! She was h illed and eage o ead i ! Bu i 's also a e y amusing ead o a F anconian. (R8) SW 18. This is he i s ime I' e seen i . Janua y 2007 Fi e s a s and up I didn' hink you could be so en e ainingly in o med abou ou F ankish dialec ! The au ho knows how o p esen he F anks and hei dialec wi h he op imal po ion o sa i e! ! The e o e, i e. The S a Plus This is KLAUS GEYER 264 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIII D ei Beobach ungen allen bei de Auswe ung besonde s au : Die eigen - The main unc ion o a language guide, i.e. helping wi h communica ion, is only discussed in R6 (communica ion di icul ies wi h new acquain ances) and R7 ( ecen ly mo ed o Nu embe g, new colleague om Do mund) as well as in R2 (challenge o non-F anks) and R5 ( iends om o he egions). In he o eg ound is ob iously he humo ous con en , c . R2 […] unny eading[…], R4 […] o laugh a ea s[…], R5 […]many smiles[…], R6 […]Gag[…], R7 […] e y amusing[…], R8 […]po ion o sa i e[…]; Also he use o he (s e eo) ypical F ankish dialec exp ession […]Allmächd na![…] ([…]Ach du liebe Zei […], R3) is done in a humo ous way, such as he Zwinke s- (R5). The dialec language guide hus appea s as a hyb id ex ype in which he en e ainmen unc ion is cen al, supplemen ed by cul u al and miley ;-) e deu lich . Da übe hinaus wi d de Dialek üh e o enba wenige zu eigenen Lek ü e, sonde n als Geschenk e wende (R4, R5, R6, R7) und dabei in diese Eigenscha seh posi i e aluie , gl. „supe “ (R4, R5), „ oll“ linguis ic in o ma ion. This la gely co esponds o he sel -desc ip ion on he olded ex (emphasis in he o iginal): F ankish is mo e han a language […] much mo e! Despi e all he egional di e ences in he language, he F anks ha e one hing in common: hey always exp ess di ec ly wha hey wan and mean, and o en in a a he bold and di ec way. Fa away om clichés, a ue F ankish man makes a pa ol h ough he land o he goa bag, also known as he "be e hal o Ba a ia". O e a housand wo ds and ph ases om he F ankish e e yday ocabula y, a anged in a p ac ical way and illus a ed in a i id way, make unde s anding p oblems disappea and o e an amusing insigh . (Sobisch 2007, Klappen ex ) The "amusing insigh " is essen ially cons i u ed by a s a egy o be e , since his is no necessa ily conscious, by p ac ices ha a e called aliena ion (see Maas 1989; Geye 2013) and aliena ion (see Maas 1989). Exo icism (Eas F ench) does no e e o es ablished o e en s anda dized g aphics. Dialec au ho s, columnis s, songw i e s and o he in e es ed pa ies mus he e o e de elop hei own g aphs o he espec i e dialec . Since i is mainly a ques ion o poin ing ou he phone ic peculia i ies, one usually encoun e s so-called la , i.e. we den können und die un e ande em au de Ebene de G aphie wi ksam sind. Wie es ü Dialek e des Deu schen die Regel is , exis ie ü das F änkische s ongly p onuncia ion-o ien ed g aphs (see Sei a 2006). Sobisch used in his dialec guide S aipsniai A icles 265 and 265 Was man aus Dialek -Sp ach üh e n ü die Laiendialek ologie und Laienlinguis ik le nen kann In F ench, he cha ac e in en o y is ha o S anda d Ge man, me ely ex ended by he cha ac e <å>, which ep esen s a ca dinal owel 6ɔ/. The mos p ominen phone ic cha ac e is ic o Eas F anconian is he absence o Fo is plosi es, wi h he excep ion o k in he owel be o e owel (e.g. Ke wa […]Ki chweih[…]). So he e a e la gely only Lenisbzw. lenized plosi e, w i en as <b, d, g>, liked in […] om a s anda d Ge man pe spec i e […] unusual accumula ion. The sho ness o a owel is indica ed, as in s anda d Ge man, by (a leas ) wo consonan signs, including gemina es, in he syllable code, and occasionally, bu no con inuously, also in loanwo ds ha do no ollow his pa e n in s anda d Ge man. This is Babb iga […]Pap ika[…]. The Lenis sc ip is also used in he syllable head a e […]. This does no in ol e any addi ional o de ia ing sound in o ma ion compa ed o s anda d Ge man, as he e is no o isplosi e he e ei he , bu in pa icula in combina ion wi h he ig aph <sch> o […] […] a g aphema ical aliena ion: […]S e n[…], […]Spiel[…]. So while he g aphema ic cha ac e in en o y may la gely ma ch he s anda d Ge man, he cha ac e combina o ics does no , and he phoneme-g apheme a angemen also de ia es again and again. This is pa icula ly e iden in he case o assimila ions and elision, which a e spelled ou as i […] again a e e ence o a la g aph; See also z. B. Sem […]sen […], schd iggn […]s icken[…] (al hough no schd iggng wi h ela plosi e […]) o g alln […] allen[…]; On he o he hand, Jamme labbn (and no Jamme labbm […]Jamme lappen[…]) wi hou assimila ed bilabial plosi e <m> in he ou le (103). […] is usually and in pa icula also ende ed in con ac wi h ela obs uc o s wi h he dig aph […]ng, e.g. lachng […]lachen[…], d inggngngng[…][…] […]d ink[…] (he e wi h ob ious misspelling […]ng[…], 22). Ano he example o aliasing spelling is abb e ia ions wi h spelled syllabic le e names such as Be-Dse ‘PC; He e, Peh-Zeh S anda d Ge man would also be s ange. Finally, i is wo h men ioning ha in addi ion o g aphema ics, he e is a u he o m, which is mo e s ylis ically based aliena ion. I consis s o ep oducing a dialec ical wis in he ansla ion line in an ele a ed s yle. The s ylis ic disc epancy c ea es a pe cep ion o (supposed) colloquial language o a pa icula dea ness o he dialec . The ollowing wede lau -, noch no mge ech e Sch eibung <äöü> ü den Diph hong <eu> in Wö e n wie Lüchebäöüdl ‘Lügenbeu el’ ode Schbo ds äöünd ‘Spo s eund’. spiel illus ie s ell e e end ü eine ganze Reihe ähnliche Wendungen das Phänomen; eine adäqua e Übe se zung wä e beispielsweise ‘Wenn de T ompe- e spiel , meins du, es jaul ein Hund.’: KLAUS GEYER 266 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIII (Linguis ic Ac s o he Li huanians) I he blacksmi h pain ed, i would be a dog. The a o his umpe e is eminiscen o a howling dog. On he con en le el, he s ong s e eo yping in he di ec ion o a olklo iza ion is no iceable, which se es he humo ousness add essed, o example, in he olded ex . Especially in he hema ic chap e s, he e is an o e -p opo iona e ocus on he hemes o si ua ions o a e n and ca d game as well as swea wo ds and cu ses. The mac o s uc u e o he dialec guide, howe e , ollows he con en ional pa e n o he ype o ex and basically e en has a conside able o e lap in he hema ic chap e s wi h hose in he i s pa o Geo g on Nü nbe g's Sp ach üh e o 1424. The olume begins wi h an in oduc ion o he language o dialec wi h in o ma ion abou whe e and by how many people he dialec is spoken and how i ela es o he in e nal s uc u e. This concludes a chap e on w i ing. W i ing and p onuncia ion, ollowed by an o e iew o he g amma , unde s ood as mo phosyn ax. All hese chap e s ha e headings in he dialec (e.g. Kadde o F angn ‘Ka e on F anken, Wie me s schb ichd ‘How one speaks). The main pa is made up o hema ic chap e s such as g ee ings and a ewells, amily and kinship, numbe s and days o he week, wo k, a el, he body, shopping, ea ing and d inking, wea he , e c. ou . These hema ic chap e s a e also p o ided wi h headings in dialec (e.g. Sä us! Un Adele ‘Se us! And Ade o g ee ing and a ewell, Di buggliche Bagaasch ‘Die bucklige Bagage, o kinship). They each con ain sho dialogical ques ion-answe sequences and small wo d lis s; Humo ous (in e ) cul u al in o ma ion and e lec ions a e o en added. A he end o he bookle he e a e wo wo d egis e s (once Dialec […] S anda d Ge man and once S anda d Ge man […] Dialec ), Li e a u e- hinweise ü die wei e üh ende Lek ü e und eine Au o in o ma ion (De , wo’s gsch iem håd ‘De , wo es gesch ieben ha ’). The ac ha he band has a numbe o inconsis encies, con adic ions and e o s, which unde lines i s lay linguis ic p o inciali y, is only men ioned he e on he sidelines (Geye 2021). As an illus a ion, he con usingly inconsis en spelling o […]Wi […] as Wed (24), Wädd (50) and inally Wa m (53) o se e. S aipsniai A icles 267 and 267 Was man aus Dialek -Sp ach üh e n ü die Laiendialek ologie und Laienlinguis ik le nen kann Resul s and ou look Th ough he p esen examina ion o he Kaude welsch dialec language guide in gene al as well as he example o he dialec guide […]F änkisch[…], Dialek Sp ach üh e ha e p o ed o be a ele an subjec o s udy o a lay linguis ic examina ion on se e al le els: O e all, i appea s ha he selec ion o bo h he dialec s and in pa icula he dialec names o he Kaude welsch dialec language guide has clea pa allels wi h he in en o ies o a ious pe cep ual dialec ological s udies on he men al s uc u ing o he Ge man language communi y. Thus, he salien dialec s and dialec names a e add essed in layman's e ms. In he case o exempla y analysis, he con en is a humo ous s e eo yping o s e eo yping. Folklo iza ion o he dialec . In addi ion, he spelling o he dialec as a non-no ma i e a ea is mainly due o p ac ices o aliena ion o aliena ion. Cha ac e ized by exo icism. On he me a-language le el, he dis ance om disciplina y expe ise is explici ly emphasized while simul aneously p o iding e e yday expe ise. All his leads o a e y posi i e assessmen o he dialec language guide as an en e ainmen medium om he pe spec i e o he buye s: Recipien : wi hin, whe eby exis ing p o essional linguis ic inadequacies o he dialec p esen a ion such as inconsis encies, con adic ions and e o s in he p esen a ion all in o he backg ound. In his a icle, only one dialec guide could be analyzed in some de ail. I would undoub edly be desi able o b oaden he empi ical basis, o example, in he sense o ex ending i o o he dialec s, o simila p oduc s o o he publishe s and ce ainly o o he media. In addi ion o he audio ma e ial on dialec language guides, he e a e, o example, lay ideos on YouTube o p o ide a mo e comp ehensi e unde s anding o he in e ac ion o lay dialec ology and language guides. Linguis ics and dialec language guides. LITERATUR Albu y Na han 2014: In oducing he Folk Linguis ics o Language Policy. – In e - na ional Jou nal o Language S udies 8(3), 85–106. Aliūkai ė Dai a, Mikulėnienė Danguolė, Čepai ienė Agnė, Ge žo ai ė Lau a 2017: Kalbos a ian iškumas i jo e inimas pe cep y iosios dialek ologijos požiū iu: a ian ų i ie ų aizdiniai, Vilnius: Vilniaus uni e si e o leidykla. KLAUS GEYER 268 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIII Allensbach 2008 – Auch auße halb on Baye n wi d Baye isch ge n gehö : Die belieb es en und unbelieb es en Dialek e. Allensbache Be ich e 2008/4, Allensbach: Ins i u ü Demoskopie. h p://www.i d-allensbach.de/uploads/ x_ epo sndocs/p d_0804.pd . amazon.de – www.amazon.de/Reise-Know-How-Sp ach %C3%BCh e -F %C3%A4 nkisch-Kaude welsch-Sp ach %C3%BCh e /dp/3894164743/. An os Ge d 1996: Laien-Linguis ik. S udien zu Sp ach- und Kommunika ionsp oble- men im All ag. Am Beispiel on Sp ach a gebe n und Kommunika ions ainings, Tübingen: Niemeye . Augs Ge ha d 1975: Übe legungen zu eine synch onen e ymologischen Kompe- enz. – Un e suchungen zum Mo phemin en a de deu schen Gegenwa ssp ache, H sg. G. Augs , Tübingen: Na , 156–230. Augs Ge ha d 2002: Volkse ymologie und synch one E ymologie. – Zei sch i ü Li e a u wissenscha und Linguis ik 127, 144–147. C uz-Fe ei a Madalena 2011: Fi s language acquis i ion and eaching. – AILA Re iew 24, 78–87. Ede Ul ike 2010: En wicklungen on Deu sch als F emdsp ache o 1945. – Deu sch als Zwei - und F emdsp ache. Ein in e na ionales Handbuch, H sg. H.-J. K umm, Ch. Fand ych, B. Hu eisen, C. Rieme , 1. Halbband. Be lin, New Yo k: de G uy e , 55–62. Duden 2014 – Duden Das He kun swö e buch. E ymologie de deu schen Sp ache, 5. Au lage, Be lin: Duden e lag. duden.de – www.duden.de, Be lin: Bibliog aphisches Ins i u . dwds.de – www.dwds.de, Digi ales Wö e buch de deu schen Sp ache, Be lin: Be lin- B andenbu gische Akademie de Wissenscha en. Gä ig Anne-Ka h in, Plewnia Alb ech , Ro he As id 2010: Wie Menschen in Deu schland übe Sp ache denken, Mannheim: Ins i u ü Deu sche Sp ache. Ge nen z Hans Joachim (H sg.) 1988: Un e suchungen zum Russisch-niede deu - schen Gesp ächsbuch des Tönnies Fenne, Psko 1607. Ein Bei ag zu deu schen Sp achge- schich e, Be lin: Akademie-Ve lag. Geye Klaus 2013: As e ix snack pla – As e ix edd boa isch: Dialek g aphien zwischen Ve au hei und Al e i ä in Munda ausgaben de As e ix-Comics. – Ak u- elle Tendenzen de Sp achwissenscha , H sg. M. Lachou , Hambu g: Ve lag D . Ko ač, 45–58. S aipsniai / A icles 269 Was man aus Dialek -Sp ach üh e n ü die Laiendialek ologie und Laienlinguis ik le nen kann Geye Klaus 2021 (e sch.): Dialek -Sp ach üh e als ele an e Quelle ü die Laien- dialek ologie. – Sp achliche Va ia ion und Viel al | Linguis ic Va ia ion and Di e si y, H sg. K. Geye , S. K ae a, E. K asnopeje a, Be lin: Pe e Lang. Glück Helmu 2002: Deu sch als F emdsp ache om Mi elal e bis zu Ba ockzei , Be - lin: de G uy e . Ha dy S éphane, He ling Sand a, Pa zel Ca olin (H sg.) 2015: Laienlingu- is ik im ankophonen In e ne , Be lin: F ank und Timme. Hend icks Pepijn 2014: Inno a ion in T adi ion: Tönnies Fonne’s Russian-Ge man Ph asebook (Psko , 1607), Leiden: B ill. Hin ichsen Alex W. 1983: Con e sa ionsbuch ü Reisende ode The T a elle ’s Manual o Con e sa ion... – Reiseleben 6, 18-20. Siehe auch h p://www.bdk .com/ ul. php?a =134. Hin ichsen Alex W. 1991: Baedeke s Reisehandbüche . 2. Au lage, Be e n: U. Hich ichsen. Hund Ma kus 1992: Eins ellungen gegenübe dialek al ge ä b e S anda dsp ache. Eine empi ische Un e suchung zum Bai ischen, Hambu gischen, P älzischen und Schwäbischen, S u ga : S eine . Hund Ma kus 2010: Be ich übe die Pilo s udie „Laienlinguis ische Konzep io- nen deu sche Dialek e“. – „Pe cep ual Dialec ology“. Neue Wege de Dialek ologie, H sg. Ch. A. Ande s, M. Hund , A. Lasch, Be lin, New Yo k: de G uy e , 179–219. Jähne Ka in 1999: Li auisch Wo ü Wo , 4. Au l., Biele eld: Reise Know-How Ve lag. kaude welsch bai isch – www. eise-know-how.de/de/p oduk e/kaude welsch-buch/ bai isch-ech e-hochdeu sch-45006, Biele eld: Reise Know-How Ve lag Pe e Rump. kaude welsch sp ach üh e – www. eise-know-how.de/p oduk eihe/kaude welsch- sp ach ueh e -42848, Biele eld: Reise Know-How Ve lag Pe e Rump. Ke swill Paul, Williams Ann 2002: “Salience” as an explana o y ac o in lan- guage change: e idence om dialec le elling in u ban England. – Language Change: The In e play o In e nal, Ex e nal and Ex a-linguis ic Fac o s, H sg. M. Jones, E. Esch, Be lin, New Yo k: Mou on de G uy e , 81–110. Kluge F ied ich 1989: E ymologisches Wö e buch de deu schen Sp ache, 22. Au lage, Be lin, New Yo k: de G uy e . Kölbl Richa d H. 2009: Bai isch – das ech e Hochdeu sch, 7. Au lage, Biele eld: Rei- se Know-How Ve lag. This is KLAUS GEYER 270 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIII (Linguis ic Ac s o he Li huanians) Lenz Alexand a N. 2010: On he concep o salience and he e idence o salien ea u es. I 's called pe cep ual dialec ology. New ways o dialec ics, ed. Ch. and A. M. Hund , A. Lasch, Be lin, New Yo k: de G uy e , 89–110. Long Daniel, P es on Dennis (H sg.) 2002: Handbook o Pe cep ual Dialec ology, Ande s, Bd. He is a membe o he Eu opean Pa liamen . 2, Ams e dam: Benjamins. Wha a e you doing? Maas-U z (1989): O hog aphical al e i y o he spelling Abou li e a y dialec s. […] Socio-cul u al con ex s o language and li e a y de elopmen . Feas o Rudol he G ea on he 65 h. His bi hday, S. Heinemann, G. Le chne e al. (edi o ), S u ga : Heinz, 339 […] 359. He was bo n in S u ga , Ge many. Nadobnik Rena a 2019: Speech guide o Ge man and Polish […] The his o y o he ex a ie y om i s beginnings o he p esen in con as ing p esen a ion, Hambu g: Ve lag D . Ko ač. Niedzielski Nancy, P es on Dennis 2000: Folk Linguis ics, which was published in Be lin, New Yo k: I 's called Mou on de G uy e . Pasquale Michael 2011: Folk belie s abou second language lea ning and eaching. This is AILA Re iew 24, 88.99. Pasquale Michael, P es on Dennis 2013: The olk linguis ics o language eaching and lea ning. Psycholinguis ic and Sociolinguis ic Pe spec i es on Second Language Lea ning and Teaching, K. D oz'dział-Szeles , M. Pawlak (H sg.), Be lin: Sp inge , Pausch Oska 1972: 163–174. The oldes I alian-Ge man language book. A adi ion om he yea 1424 a e Geo g on Nü nbe g, Vienna: Böhlau. Dennis P es on (edi o ) 1999: Handbook o Pe cep ual Dialec ology, which was published by he B i ish Academy o Sciences. One, Ams e dam: he Benjamins. P es on Dennis 1982: Pe cep ual Dialec ology: Men al Maps o Uni ed S a es dialec s om a Hawaiian pe spec i e. Wo king Pape s in Linguis ics, Uni e si y o Hawaii, Depa men o Linguis ics, 14, 549. I would like o ask he Commissione whe he he is awa e o he ac ha he Commission has no ye aken a decision on his ma e , and i so, wha is he Commission's posi ion? Sei e , F ank, 2006: O hog aphy and de elopmen . […] Essen ials o language documen a ion, J. Gippe , N. Himmelmann, U. Mosel (edi o ), Be lin: de G uy e , 275 […] 299. This is he i s ime ha I ha e been able o do his. Shaik Sam an 2014: Ph asebooks o Silk Road T a elle s. This is he i s book in he Silk Road se ies. This is he i s ime I' e seen i . This is a lis o he mos popula ph asebooks o silk ou e a ele s. And ew Sihle is he au ho o Language His o y. This is an in oduc ion, Ams e dam: Benjamins. S aipsniai A icles 271 and 272 Was man aus Dialek -Sp ach üh e n ü die Laiendialek ologie und Laienlinguis ik le nen kann Sobisch Jens 2007: F ench […] he Ge man o he F anks, 3. Published by Biele eld: T a el Know-how publishing house. S auss Lina 2018: Rhe o ical counselo as an example o lay linguis ics. An analysis o he discou se by S u ga : Me zle . Wei e shaus F ied ich-Wilhelm 2004: The new la ge i s name book: o igin und Bedeu ung on 8000 Vo namen, München: Basse mann. Ko galima išmok i iš a miškų pasikalbėjimų žinynų, p iski iamų nemokslinei dialek ologijai i kalbo y ai SANTRAUKA This a icle is analyzed in he same way as he ansla ions o he ansla ions o he ansla ions o he ansla ions o he ansla ions o he ansla ions o he ansla ions o he ansla ions o he ansla ions o he ansla ions o he ansla ions o he ansla ions. T adi ional language s anda ds, o a mish language s anda ds, o a mish language s anda ds, o a mish language s anda ds, o a mish language s anda ds, o a mish language s anda ds, o a mish language s anda ds, o a mish language s anda ds, o a mish language s anda ds. No se galimai is okiečių a mių ep esen a i es sup an a okiečių bend inės kalbos no mas i isomis išgalėmis s engiasi kalbė i bend ine kalba su asmenimis, ku iems am ik as dialek as y a s e imas, ačiau neaišku, a jų komunikacinė paski is, kaip i ki ų pasikalbėjimų žodynėlių, y a okia pa i, . y. a jie paleng ina keliau ojų bend a imą su am ik os kalbos (a mai) a s o ais. This is he i s ime ha his has happened. The mos unquali ied specialis s in he ield o ag icul u al p ocessing, he mos unquali ied specialis s in he ield o ag icul u al p ocessing, he mos unquali ied specialis s in he ield o ag icul u al p ocessing, he mos unquali ied specialis s in he ield o ag icul u al p ocessing, he mos unquali ied specialis s in he ield o ag icul u al p ocessing. I is also impo an o no e ha he Commission's p oposal o a di ec i e on he p o ec ion o wo ke s om he isks ela ed o exposu e o ca cinogens a wo k is based on he p inciple o p opo ionali y. I is possible o unde s and he linguis ic pe spec i es o he audiences, o analyze he concep s and ideas o he audience, o unde s and he ideas o he audience. I 's called he 2020 m. ugpjūčio 17 d. This is KLAUS GEYER Ins i u e o Language and Communica ion Uni e si y o Sou he n Denma k Campus oad 55 This is DK-5230 Odense M klg.