Kristupo Ernsto Tydkės 1747 m. gruodžio 12 d. prašymas: nauji faktai apie Halės universiteto Lietuvių kalbos seminarą

S aipsniai / A icles 55 BIRUTĖ TRIŠKAITĖ Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as ORCID id: h ps://o cid.o g/0000-0003-2286-4080 Di ec ions o academic esea ch: 16 h o 18 h cen u y P ussian Li huanian w i ing, he his o y o Li huanian lexicog aphy. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. KRISTUPO ERNSTO TYDKĖS 1747 M. GRUODŽIO 12 D. The ollowing is a summa y o he main indings o he e iew: APIE HALĖS UNIVERSITETO LIETUVIŲ KALBOS SEMINARĄ Ch is oph E ns Tied ke’s Appeal o Decembe 12, 1747: New Fac s abou he Li huanian Language Semina a he Uni e si y o Halle This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal. The a icle analyzes and publishes he P ussian cul u al he i age in he Sec e S a e A chi e (Geheimes S aa sa chi P eußische Kul u besi z) in Be lin, a documen e ealing new ac s abou he Li huanian language semina es ablished a he Uni e si y o Halle in 1727. This is a eques om he g adua e o he Facul y o Theology o his uni e si y, Pe e Go lieb Milkaus (Pe e Go lieb Mielcke, 1695-1753) and he b o he o Ch is ian Go lieb Milkaus (Ch is ian Go lieb Mielcke, 1733-1807), Ch is oph E ns Tied ke (E ns Tied ke, 1722-1772) w i en on Decembe 12, 1947 a he add ess 17 Slo as Ra ap ajai (Ra Geheime ). This a chi al sou ce is signi ican o he his o y o he Li huanian language semina a he Uni e si y o Halle in ha i p o ides da a o he almos undocumen ed inal pe iod o he semina 's ac i i y. Based on he in o ma ion eco ded in K. E. Tydke's eques , he a icle e eals ha a e 1740, which in his o iog aphy is usually conside ed he yea o he closu e o he Li huanian language semina a he Uni e si y o Halle, he e we e s ill e o s o con inue he ac i i ies o his semina . The ollowing wo ds we e used: 18 h cen u y, Li huanian language semina a he Uni e si y o Halle, K is upas E ns as Tydkė (Ch is oph E ns Tied ke), Go hil as Augus as F ancke[…]ė, F ancas Albe as Šulcas (F anz Albe Schul z). BIRUTĖ TRIŠKAITĖ 56 Ac o Linguis ic Li huanian LXXXIII ANNOTATION The a icle analyses and publishes he a chi al documen ound a he Sec e S a e A - P ussian Cul u al He i age Founda ion (Ge man: Geheimes S aa sa chi P eußische Go lieb Kul u besi z) in Be lin, which e eals new ac s abou he Li huanian Language Semina es ablished a he Uni e si y o Halle in 1727. I is an appeal o Ch is oph E ns Tied - ke (1722–a e 1772), a g adua e o he Uni e si y’s Facul y o Theology, s epson o Pe e Mielcke (1695-1753) and hal -b o he o Ch is ian Go lieb Mielcke (1733-1807), documen ed he inal which was w i en on Decembe 12, 1747 and was add essed o he P i y Council (Ge man: Geheime Ra ) in Be lin. This a chi al sou ce is impo an o he his o y o he Li huanian Language Semina a he Uni e si y o Halle, as i p o ides e idence abou a nea ly un- pe iod o exis ence o he semina . Based on he in o ma ion eco ded in Tied ke's appeal, he a icle e eals ha e o s we e ac ually made o con inue he ac i i ies o he semina y a e 1740, which is usually conside ed he yea o he closu e o he Li huanian language semina y a Language Semina a he Uni e si y o Halle in his o iog aphy. he Uni e si y o Li huania. Halle, Ch is oph E ns Tied ke, Go hil Augus F ancke, F anz This is Albe Schul z. The Uni e si y o Halle, ounded in 1694, was he second uni e si y o he Kingdom o P ussia, in which King F ede ick William I (F ied ich Wilhelm I, 1688-1740; eigned 1713-1740) decided o s a eaching Li huanian o heological s uden s. The pu pose o he es ablishmen o he Li huanian language semina y, which was opened in 1727 a he Uni e si y o Halle, which is conside ed he cen e o he ideas o Pie ism and is only in i s ou h decade o ac i i y, is o p epa e Li huanian language lea ne s, p ies s and eache s o wo k in he Li huanian pa ishes o he Kingdom o P ussia. Howe e , unlike he Uni e si y o Halle, whe e he Li huanian language semina was ounded in 1718 o essen ially he same pu pose, i ope a ed o mo e han wo cen u ies […] un il 1944 (Ci a ičiū ė 2004: 11, 12). Based on a new a chi al sou ce, his a icle aises he ques ion o whe he he yea 1740 - which has become es ablished in Ge man and Li huanian his o iog aphy as he yea o he closu e o his semina y - inally ceased o exis , and e eals: kad po 1740-ųjų is dėl o bū a pas angų oliau ęs i jo eiklą. A icles o he 57 h K is upo E ns o Tydkės 1747 m. g uodžio 12 d. p ašymas: nauji ak ai apie Halės uni e si e o Lie u ių kalbos semina ą 1. HALĖS UNIVERSITETO LIETUVIŲ The ac i i ies o he semina Wha is he Bible's iew o homosexuali y? The i s de ailed desc ip ion o he Li huanian language semina y o he o is o ijai ski os s udijos Das Li auische Semina an de Uni e si ä Halle, pub- Uni e si y o Halle in 1935 in he jou nal A chi um Philologicum, by F anzas Spech (1888-1949) claimed ha he semina y ope a ed om 1727 o 1740 (Spech 1935: 36-38), in o he wo ds, i s ac i i ies las ed hi een yea s. In he beginning o he semina y's ac i i y, i elied on wo p ima y sou ces: (1) a no ice published in he newspape Neue Zei ung on Geleh en Sachen No. 70 on Sep embe 1, 1729, in which i was men ioned ha in he mon h o Oc obe 1727 in Halle, by o de o he King o P ussia, a Li huanian-language semina y was es ablished o heological s uden s: A e an alle gic eac ion o he Be ehl S . Knigl. You Highness. In Oc obe , in he 1727 allhie ein Semina ium Li huanicum on S udioſis Theologiæ e ich e wo - same yea o one o he S udioso Theologiæ, in which a Geboh ne Li haue , in he Li hauischen Sp ache, was augh , so ha hey could ea in he K[…]nigl. P eußischen Li hauen […]u P edige n geb auch we den k[…]nnen ([Anonymous] 1729: 639; see also Spech 1935: 36); 2) Acco ding o Go lieb Augus o F ancke, p o esso o heology a he Uni e si y o Halle and head o he Li huanian language semina y (1696-1769), F ied ich Wilhelm Haack (F ied ich Wilhelm Haack, 1707-1754) p epa ed he dic iona y Vocab la i m Li h anico-Ge manic m, e Ge manico-Li h anic m (Hale, 1730) on he p emise ha he semina y had been in ope a ion o h ee yea s: Es sind nun o I d eyah meh au Knigl. Alle gn[…]digs en Be ehl ein Semina ium Li huanicum, in some Theological S udies […]u de in einem gewissen S ich on P eussen […]blichen Li hauischen Sp ache ange […]h e we den alhie e ich e we den is (F ancke 1730: [2 ]; see Spech 1935: 37). This is he i s ime ha he e m has been used in his way. Claiming ha he Li huanian language semina ceased o exis in 1740, F. Spech us elied only on he his o y o he Uni e si y o Halle by Johann Ch is oph Ho baue (1766-1827) in his book Geschich e de Uni e si ä zu Halle bis zum Jah e 1805 (Halė, 1805) ci uo u a chy iniu šal iniu – neda uo u semina o ado o G. A. F ancke’ės p anešimu: Was hie nächs das Li auische Semina ium anlange , so is dasselbe on mi p iŠis a im im Jah e 1727 ange ich e es, bis 1740 ohne einige königliche Kos en e hal enes Ins i u um gewesen, zu dessen Anlegung mich nich s ande s, als BIRUTĖ TRIŠKAITĖ Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIII he highes oyal in en ion and he mos lo ingly alle gic command, ha he noble people o P ussian Li huania we e educa ed, empowe ed (Ho baue 1805: 281; see Spech 1936: 57 37). G. A. F ancke[…]es epo , once again con i ming he yea o he es ablishmen o he Li huanian language semina y a he Uni e si y o Halle, which is he only o iginal sou ce known o da e, which s a es ha he semina y ope a ed om 1740 o 1740. In his second book, Aus üh liche diploma isch-his o ische Besch eibung des [...] Saal-Hyses ome (Halė, 1750), he w o e abou he Li huanian language semina o he Uni e si y o Halle as abou a s ill exis ing ins i u ion (D eyhaup 33: 1750). This is J. Ch. Ho baue explained he con adic ion be ween he wo sou ces by he ac ha J. Ch. on D eyhaup as could ha e w i en a le e abou he semina a long ime ago, nei išėjo knyga, . y. da iki 1740 m., kai semina as ik ai eikė (Ho baue 1805: 282). In any case, he Li huanian language semina a he Uni e si y o Halle, men ioned la e in he Ge man his o iog aphy, is essen ially based on J. Ch. The end o he ac i i y o he semina y is conside ed o be he 1740s (e.g. Sch ade 1894: 239-240; Reinhold 1895: 106-107). I is ue ha in he wo ks o an i-Li huanian Li huanians, he semina ends o da e back o 1765 (e.g. Vileišis 2008 [11935]: 146; Šapoka 1989 [11936]: 615), pe haps his is ela ed o he g an ing o ee meals (p onounced P eußische F ei isch o P eußisch-Li auische F ei isch) o heological s uden s and pos -1740s (pl. Schille 195: 1994). This bene i o P ussian young people s udying in Halle, and especially o hose who s udied he Li huanian language in he semina y, was es ablished by King F ede ick William I in Janua y 1728; o his pu pose, 400 ale s we e sen annually om Ka elia, bu his suppo and he bene i we e e mina ed much ea lie - in 1758 - when he Russian a my o Ka elia began he pe ennial wa . Howe e , he a o emen ioned F. Spech s udy, he subjec o which was solely he his o y o his semina , con ibu ed signi ican ly o he ac ha he 1740s we e inally es ablished in he his o iog aphy o bo h Ge many and Li huania as he yea o he closu e o he semina (Win e 1954: 56; LLI I 214; Bense 1974: 295; Bense 1994: 811; Schille 1994: 199, 195; Ci a ičiū ė 2004: 78 and o he s). Al hough F. Spech emphasized he sho age o a chi al sou ces, bu his own pe cep ion o he head o he semina y, G. A. F ancke, is ha some o hese esea che s hough he semina y had begun ope a ing in 1724 o 1725 (Win e 1974: 47; Bense 1954: 295; Bense 1994: 81), bu now he e is no doub ha i was ac ually opened in 1727. (See also abo e). A icles by A icles 59 K is upo E ns o Tydkės 1747 m. g uodžio 12 d. p ašymas: nauji ak ai apie Halės uni e si e o Lie u ių kalbos semina ą ha e en wi hou he da e and he con ex , i seemed unques ionable and comple ely su icien , so ha la e esea ch on he his o y o he semina did no de elop he opic o da ing. The ques ion o he du a ion o he ac i i ies o he Li huanian language semina a he Uni e si y o Halle and he second ch onological bounda y is p omp ed by he disco e y o a new a chi al sou ce o he P ussian cul u al he i age in he Sec e S a e A chi e (Geheimes S aa skul u a chi P eußische A chi , he eina e […] GS A E n>) in Be lin, p ese ed by K is upo Tydkė (Ch is oph E ns Tied [c]ke, Tyd ke, 1722-1722) a he add ess Slo as Be (PK Geheime Ra ) on 12 Decembe 1747. 2. KRISTUPAS ERNSTAS TYDK K. E. Tydkė joined he P ussian Li huanian W i e s' Associa ion qui e ecen ly as a membe o he Milk amily, an ac i e membe o Li huanian cul u al li e in he 18 h cen u y. He was he g ea -g andson o Pe e Rekons uojan šios šeimos sudė į, nus a y a, kad K. E. Tydkė bu o Pe o Go - Go lieb Mielcke (1695-1753) and he elde b o he o Ch is ian Go lieb Mielcke (1733-1707) (180). He was bo n in Lapland (Lappienen) and was he eldes son o Tobias Tydkės (Tobias Tied ke, 1688-1725) and Regina Luizos Schimmelp ennig (Regina Louisa Schimmelp ennig, 1702-1776) (LapKK 61 , No. 62). The bap ismal me ic book o he E angelical Lu he an Chu ch o Go henbu g es i ies ha he was a yea and a hal younge han his b o he Go ha d Tydke (Go ied Tied ke, 1723-1791) (Lap 67 , No. 122), who la e became a p ies and men ioned Go ha d Os e meye (Go ied Os e meye , 1716-1800) in he polemical ea ise Bedenken übe einen wei e en Neuen Li u gischen Geschenk (Ka eliaučius, 1786) (see also abou he Lapenbu g T iangle: see 2019: 81-82, 110-111. The mo he came om a la ge Šimelpenigi amily, many o whom belonged o he cle gy and pa icipa ed in Li huanian ac i i ies. Fo example, K. E. Tydkė's ma e nal g and a he Ma ynas Šimelpenigis (Ma in Schimmelp ennig, 1668-1735), who spen his whole li e as a p ies in Pik upėnai (Vok. Pik upönen), oge he wi h o he P ussian p ies s, e iewed and app o ed he p in ing o he i s Li huanian ansla ion o he King James Bible by Hein ich Lysias (Hein ich Lysius, 1670-1731) in 1719, and his younge g and a he 's b o he Adomas F yd ichas Šimelpenigis (Adam F ied ich Schimmelp ennig, 1677-1740). The h ee K. E. Tydkės g and a he s, i.e. he mo he 's b o he s, we e also known as he P ussian Li huanian cle gy: his is he p ies o Papelkių (Popelken) Adomas F yd ichas Šimelpenigis (Adam BIRUTĖ TRIŠKAITĖ 60 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIII F ied ich Schimmelp ennig, 1699–1763), giesmių i minė os Biblijos e ė- E ns Go ied Schimmelp ennig (bo n 1704-1768) and Ma ynas Schimmelp ennigis (bo n 1706-1778), who was a lec u e a he Li huanian language semina y o he Uni e si y o Halle, and la e P. G. Milkaus, known in Li huanian his o y as he i s 1723 m. kuniga ęs Kin uose ( ok. Kin en) bei P iekulėje ( ok. P ökuls). Anks i mi us ė ui, mo ina 1726 m. iš ekėjo už uomečio Ju ba ko ( ok. Geo genbu g) kunigo a ku o Ka aliaučiaus uni e si e o Lie u ių kalbos semina o docen as, Naujo- jo Tes amen o (1727) ko ek o ius i ienas iš Biblijos (1735) e ėjų, giesmių i P ūsijos aldžios įsakų e ėjas. Taigi K. E. Tydkė augo s ip ias li uanis ines adicijas puoselėjusioje šeimoje i , ikė ina, da aikys ėje išmoko lie u ių kal- bą (plačiau apie Tydkių, Šimelpenigių i Milkų giminys ę ž . T iškai ė 2019: 73–126). Almos nine een yea s old, K. E. Tydkė was ma icula ed a he Uni e si y o Ka elia on Ap il 5, 1741: […][1741.] 5. I was Ap il. You know, Ch is oph. This is E nes Lapenen. The P ussian. In E le 's own wo ds, howe e , he did no s udy he e (Tied ke 1747-12-12: [1 ]), bu in ac s udied only one semes e (see below). Soon a e pu suing his s udies, he wen o he Uni e si y o Halle, amous o i s ideas o Pie ism, abou a housand kilome e s away, so in he amily o he Lu he an O hodox P. G. Milkau, Pie ism was no uncommon o K. E. Tydkei. I is likely ha he was encou aged o go o Halle in one way o ano he by his ma e nal uncle, M. Šimelpenigis, who had s udied a he Li huanian language semina y he e and had e u ned o P ussian Li huania a yea ea lie . Like his wo olde b o he s, Adam F ied ich and E ns Go ied, he had p e iously s udied heology a he Uni e si y o Ka ls uhe (E le 1911-1912: 318) and a ended he Li huanian language semina o he Uni e si y o Ka ls uhe unde P o esso Johann Jacob Quand (1686-1772) when he was expec ed o be a pupil o P. G. Milkus (T iškai ė 2018: 63, 67-68). In a le e da ed Ap il 14, 1734, he i s p o esso o heology a his semina y and he head o he Li huanian language semina y, F ancas, poin ed ou Lie u ių kalbos semina o ado ui G. A. F ancke’ei ekomenda o ne du bu ę ha Šimelpenigis had been a ue Li huanian (i.e. he had been bo n and aised in cen as i uome is Ka yčių ( ok. Coadju hen) kunigas Jonas Rich e is (Johann Rich e , 1705–1754)2, o 1734 m. gegužės 14 d. laiške Ka aliaučiaus uni e si e o Li huania) and had spoken he same beau i ul language. Acco ding o J. J. K an o, in 2 Plg. „meines Nachbah en Sohn Monſ. Schim[m]elp enning ſich en ſchloßen ‖ in Go es Nah- men als Docens im Halliſchen Semina io ſich do hin ‖ ʒubegeben“ (Rich e 1734-04-14: 28 ; plg. Win e 1954: 56). A icles by A icles 61 K is upo E ns o Tydkės 1747 m. g uodžio 12 d. p ašymas: nauji ak ai apie Halės uni e si e o Lie u ių kalbos semina ą Albe as Šulcas (F anz Albe Schul z, 1692–1763)3. Beje, F. A. Šulcas a k ei- he Li huanian language semina o he Uni e si y o Halle, he augh six medocen as. Whe he M. Šimelpenigis was e e ecommended by G. A. F ancke o be his wi e is no known. The only hing ha is ce ain is ha K. E. Tydkė wen o us: nuo 1734 iki 1740 m. (QPP IV 108 ), aigi bu o ilgiausiai semina e mokęs Halė wi h he ecommenda ion o F. A. Šulco […] his is e idenced by he le e o usio docen o J. Rich e io, ėliau semina o ado ui galėjo ekomenduo i sa o he la e o G. A. F ancke […]ei da ed Oc obe 16, 1741 (Schul z 1741-10-164; by he way, i is p ecisely his ecommenda ion ha K. E. Tydkė had o s udy o se e al mon hs a he Royal Uni e si y). In he ma icules o he Uni e si y o Halle, he name o K. E. Tydkė is w i en on No embe 16, 1741: […]Tied cke, Ch is opho us E nes us; Li huanian P ussia [...] 16.11.1741 heol. (P euß 1994: 228) 5. Wha is he pu pose o his Decision? He e he s udied heology o ou yea s. As a s uden , K. E. Tydkė augh o some ime a he Li huanian language semina y in Tenykš (Tied ke 1747-12-12: [1 ]; see also 3 pages and appendix). In addi ion, he was one o he P ussian-bo n s uden s who ecei ed ee meals (see page 1 o his bene i ). When K. E. Tydkei was indeed g an ed his p i ilege, acco ding o he alumni book Album alumno um Mensae Regiae Bo ussicae p o incialis, which con ains his en y: […]Ch is opho us E nes us […] Tied cke Lappino=Bo=[…] ussus; bo n A[nn]o 1722 […] die was o ced o lea e Halle […] a leas ha 's wha he no e om he Halle books sugges s: 3. Maj.“ (Tied ke 1741: [14 ]). 1745 m. ugpjūčio mėnesį jis, egis, dėl skolų [...]; b) S udiosus Schimmelp ennig, In o ma o a he Semina . The e's no hing o say in his goje p ie ci uo o jo į ašo: „Gieng heimlich ſeine Schulden wegen ‖ on Halle, a[nn]o 1745. m. Auguſ [i]“ (Tied ke 1741: [14 ]). 3 Plg. „Mo gen, wo Go will, gehen un e ſchiedene S udioſi on hie mi einem Schi übe S e in Ch is iani y. Bu he is s ill and will hope ully no be widesp ead, and he mos e en Li huanian, who can only be, and has he mos beau i ul dialec (Schul z 1734-05-14; ci . iš Wo schke 1929–1930: 24). 4 The le e is published agmen a ily in Theodo a Wo schke's book De Pie ismus in Königsbe g nach Rogalls Tode in B ie en (Wo schke 1929 […] 1930: 73[…] 76, No. 30), bu wi hou a sen ence abou K. E. Tydkę. Tha i was in his le e ha K. E. Tydkė was ecommended as a Li huanian language eache in he semina , is e idenced by he in o ma ion p o ided in he da abase o he manusc ip legacy o Augus o He manno F ancke (1663-1727) (h p: www. ancke-halle.de&cgi-bin/nachlass.pl?x=u& _show=xwe eg=PER&we =ke%20%%BS&ons - ige %5& eccheck=16530). I'm going o do i . I'm going o do i . Ch is iane Schille o he da a om he ollowing books: Ma ikel de Ma in-Lu he -Uni e si ä Halle-Wi enbe g […] 1730[…]1741 (Hale, 1994) and E angelisches P a e buch ü die Ma k B andenbu g (Be lin, 1941). BIRUTĖ TRIŠKAITĖ 62 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIII (English ansla ion by he Li huanian au ho i ies) A couple o yea s la e , K. E. Tydkė in ended o e u n o P ussian Li huania - his is e idenced by his e o s in 1747 o ge he p ies hood in Bale (Vocabula y Balle hen) (see sec ion 3 o his). A e ailing o ecei e an appoin men in he Li huanian pa ish, in 1748 he began o wo k as a eache in Spandau, and in 1941 as a mili a y chaplain in he P ussian p ince's in an y egimen in Po sdam (Fische : 1752; see also Schimmelp ennig-Mielcke [1753-06-??]: 27 ; Schimmelp ennig-Mielcke [1753-08-??]: 519 ; T iškai ė, Sidab ai ė 2019: 158[…]159, 166[…]167). On 15 Sep embe 1756 in he ci y o Be nau, K. E. Tydkė ma ied Regeni e Ch is iane (Fische 1941: 892) as he daugh e o he hen elde ly p ies Ma häus Deilicke (1694-1736) and li ed nea Be lin: om 1756 he se ed in Nauen, whe e he ini ially held he du ies o deacon, and om 1769-1772 as supe in enden (Fische 1941: 892). The Li huanian ac i i ies o K. E. Tydkė, who g ew up in a Li huanian-cul u ed Milkė amily, seem o ha e co e ed only one a ea - he eaching o Li huanian a he Li huanian language semina o he Halė Uni e si y. In he ield o Li huanian cul u e, he mos ob ious objec i e ci cums ance was ha a he end o 1747 he e was no p ies . ie os Balė uose, K. E. Tydkė į P ūsijos Lie u ą nebeg įžo i isą likusį gy eni- mą a na o B andenbu ge. 3. Wha is he Bible's iew o homosexuali y? APIE HALĖS UNIVERSITETO LIETUVIŲ KALBOS SEMINARĄ Halės uni e si e o Lie u ių kalbos semina o is o ijai s a bus 1747 m. g uo- On 12 Decembe , he eques o K. E. Tydke, o icially add essed o King F ede ick II o P ussia, o F ede ick he G ea (F ied ich II, F ied ich de G oße, 1712-1786, uled 1740-1786), bu in ac issued in he name o he king decisions aken by he Sec e Council o Be lin. Theologian and g adua e o he Uni e si y o Halle, K. E. Tydkė, who had ecei ed he news om he p ies P. G. Milkaus ha he p ies 's place in Balė u, in he ecclesias ical dis ic o Įs u ies (Ins e bu g), was acan , asked o assign him o his P ussian Li huanian pa ish. The posi ion o p ies he e became acan when Geo ge Ab aham Bal ze died on 22 Sep embe 1747 (QPP IV 8 ; A nold 1777: 88; ZM I 61). In o de o ob ain se ice in he pa ish o Bale , he sec e council o K. E. Tydkė in he a chi es o he ins i u ions o F ancke 6 (A chi de F anckeschen S i ungen, he eina e […] AFS ) p ese es he le e o M. Deilicke […], da ed No embe 3, 1719, add essed o he p o esso o he Uni e si y o Halle A. H. F ancke […]ei (1663-1727) (AF: H. A. 173-72) o he a he o he a o emen ioned G. A. F ancke […] I is likely ha M. Deilicke, who s udied a his uni e si y, was he pupil o A. H. F ancke. A icles o he T ea y K is upo E ns o Tydkės 1747 m. g uodžio 12 d. p ašymas: nauji ak ai apie Halės uni e si e o Lie u ių kalbos semina ą He w o e h ee imes, on No embe 29 h, Decembe 5 h, Decembe 8 h, and Decembe 12 h, 1747, so he las eques was he hi d. Howe e , he e o s did no p oduce he desi ed esul : on Decembe 28, 1747, in Be lin, he Minis e o S a e on B and and he P esiden o he Consis o y on Reichenbach signed a dec ee in o ming K. E. Tydke ha he eques ed place was al eady occupied, and a he same ime ins uc ing he nex pe son o apply i s o he Facul y o Theology o he Uni e si y o Ka ls uhe and o ob ain a deg ee om he e (B and, Reichenbach, 1728). A he same ime, Ch is ian F ied ich S imeh (S ime , 1725-1765) was appoin ed and o dained a p ies o Bale on 21 Janua y 1748, ha ing p e iously been a p ies in Ge iškėnu (Ge man: Ge wischkehmen) and be o e ha ec o in S alupėnu (Ge man: S allupönen) (QPP IV 8 , 15; A nold : 88, 118; ZM VI 1774). He was he younges son o he p ies o Žel a (Saalau) Ch is ian S imeh (bo n 1676-1750) and he b o he o he o me s uden o he Li huanian language semina a he Uni e si y o Halle E dmann Go lybo S imeh (bo n 1715-1737). (Schille 1994: 201; ZM VI 1773) This Decision is add essed o he Membe S a es. The eques o K. E. Tydke da ed Decembe 12, 1747 p o ides no only da a o he econs uc ion o his own biog aphy, bu also new knowledge abou he Li huanian language semina o he Uni e si y o Halle. While elling he mos impo an ac s o his li e, he also e ealed hi he o unknown de ails, signi ican o he leas documen ed inal s age o he semina 's ac i i ies. He was bo n and aised in P ussian Li huania, s udied a he Uni e si y o Halle, and a e his s udies se ed as a p eache in Po sdam and nea by, K. E. Tydkė also men ioned ha he lea ned he Li huanian language and augh i a he Li huanian language Ich bin in Li hau=‖en geboh en und e ʒogen, und de ſelben Sp ache ‖ kundig, wie ich de auch in Halle im Semina io ‖ Li h anico gedach e Sp ache doci- semina o he Uni e si y o Halle: e (Tied ke 1747-12-12: [1 ]). E. Tydkė's asse ion ha he augh he Li huanian language a he Li huanian Language Semina y o he Uni e si y o Halle, ano he name allows o add o he now known lis o non-ob ious lec u e s o his semina : besides he al eady men ioned J. Rich e (docen 1727-1728), F. V. Hako (1728-1732), M. Šimelpenig (1734-1740), 7 No embe 1729 K. E. Tydkė's eques is p ese ed he e as well as he al eady men ioned eques o 12 Decembe (G. H. K. A. A.: I 123 No. 7, 90 h. Rep. [S . 1]). 8 This eques by K. E. Tydk is no con ained in he abo emen ioned ile, bu i is men ioned in he eques o 12 Decembe (Tied ke 1747-12-12: [1 ]). 9 K. F. Š ime is known as one o he owne s o he Ge manic-Li huanian manusc ip dic iona y Cla is (XVII-XVIII cen u y; LMAVB: F 137-13[…]14), which was illed in he 18 h cen u y by K. E. Tydkės pa ė is P. G. Milkus (iden i ied by P. G. Milkaus in he manusc ip dic iona y see T iškai ė 2013: 4464). BIRUTĖ TRIŠKAITĖ 70 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIII o he Li huanian Mo emen no. 18. The cen u y in P ussia 2. Das dokumen a ische E be de Familie Mielcke, Vilnius: Ins i u e o Li huanian Li e a u e and E hnog aphy. I is loca ed in he ci y o Vilnius. Vilešis Vincas 2008 [11935]: Na ional ela ions in Li le Li huania in he ligh o he his o y and s a is ics o he G ea Wa , Vilnius: Ve sus au eus. Edua d Win e 1954: The ca e o he Wes and he Sou h Sla ic languages in Halle im 18. The cen u y. The con ibu ion o he his o y o he bou geois na ionali ies o he Wes and he Sou h Sla ic peoples, Be lin: Akademie-Ve lag. Wo schke Theodo 1929-1930: De Pie ismus in Königsbe g nach Rogalls Tode in B ie en, Königsbe g i. He was also a membe o he Ge man pa liamen . This is M . This is he Commission's p oposal. Manu ac u e om ma e ials o any heading, excep ha o he p oduc . I 's called Oppe mann. ZM I[…]VII […] Das […]Zwischenmanusk ip […] zum Al p eußischen e angelischen P a e buch 1[…]7. This is he i s ime ha he Bible has been ansla ed in o English. On he basis o he collec ions by F iedwald Moelle , edi ed by Wal he Mülle -Dul z, Reinhold Heling and Wilhelm K anz, Hambu g: Im Selbs e lag des Ve eins [ o amily esea ch in Os und Wes p eußen e. V. Quellen, Ma e ials and collec ions o old- ime amily esea ch (QMS) 2012], […] 2014. S aipsniai / A icles 71 K is upo E ns o Tydkės 1747 m. g uodžio 12 d. p ašymas: nauji ak ai apie Halės uni e si e o Lie u ių kalbos semina ą PRIEDAS is he name o he game. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal. The documen is published by acsimile 13, ansc ip ion and ansla ion. A documen a y is being w i en. Abb e ia ions, okiškame eks e lo yniškuoju aš u į ašy i lo yniški in a pai – žodžiai i mo - emos – išski iami ku sy u. Komen a ai eikiami išnašose: eks ologiniai – p ie excep o con ac ions, a e no published in Pe ache. In he Go hic sc ip o he new imes, we w i e he ansla ion, he subjec s […] o he ansla ion. KRISTUPO ERNSTO TYDKĖS 1747 M. GRUODŽIO 12 D. PAKARTO- TINIS PRAŠYMAS SLAPTAJAI TARYBAI BERLYNE DĖL SKYRIMO KU- NIGU Į BALĖTUS, Be lynas; GS A PK: I. HA, Rep. 7, N . 90 h, Pk . 1239, [1 –2 ]14 [1 ] ⌜d. 12 [en] Dec[em]b[.] 1747⌝15 ⌜pſ. d[en] 12. Dec. 47.⌝16 I 's called he Alle du chlauch igs e G oßmäch igs e König. The King and he Lo d! This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. The Commission he e o e concludes ha he aid is compa ible wi h he in e nal ma ke wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c) TFEU. D[en] 13 Decembe [174]7. a[…]18 and Ew: Majes ae habe wa am 5 [en] huj: alle = un e hänigs e Vo s ellung ge han, und die E = heilung de Balle hischen P a e im Ins e bu gi= schen Am e in P eußen au s submisses e aus= gebe hen. This is he i s ime ha he Am e in P eußen has been used as a enue o he balle . Tha 's no o be aken ligh ly. So habe selbige gegenwä ig, sub pe i o e adi ionis in o iginalibus alle = 13 Two pages o he documen a e published in acsimiles as illus a ions: T iškai ė 2019: 107[…]108. 14 The documen does no ha e he numbe ing o he a chi e pages. 15 The da e o eceip o he eques is en e ed la e by he o he pe son. 16 The da e o eceip o he eques is eco ded la e by ano he ( hi d) pe son. 18 The esolu ion was signed la e by ano he ( ou h) pe son. 17 Rezoliucija į ašy a i pasi ašy a ėliau ki o ( ečio) asmens. BIRUTĖ TRIŠKAITĖ 72 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIII A icles o he 73 d K is upo E ns o Tydkės 1747 m. g uodžio 12 d. p ašymas: nauji ak ai apie Halės uni e si e o Lie u ių kalbos semina ą BIRUTĖ TRIŠKAITĖ 74 Ac o Linguis ic Li huanian LXXXIII S aipsniai / A icles 75 K is upo E ns o Tydkės 1747 m. g uodžio 12 d. p ašymas: nauji ak ai apie Halės uni e si e o Lie u ių kalbos semina ą Unde he bay uge o he woods. I was bo n in Li hau, and I s udied a he Uni e si y o Halle, and I s udied a he Facul y o Theology. A e Li h anico gedach e Sp ache doci e . Fe ne habe g adua ing om he s udy o habe in und bey einem ſolchen Am e üch ig gemach , wie ſolches Po sdam condi ioni e , also mich im P edigen leißig geübe , wo on eben als ein A es a bey[=] lege; [1 ] he law. Now ha I' e gone o he Balle hische P a e, as my a he old me, he e's a acancy, bu I'm no going o he Königsbe g Facul y, because I'm no going o s udy on my own, so he e's no es imony equi ed. So ha e Ew. His Majes y's wishes a e o be g an ed o him unde he auspices o he P a e Alle gnädigs […]u con e i e[…], and des Endes die Voca ion expedi e[…]u laßen. o which: e ſ e be His Majes y Alle un e hänigſ e Knech Ch iſ oph E nſ Tied cke Be lin Da ed 12 h Decembe 1747. The candida e Theol: Ch is oph E ns Tied cke Balle hischen hu wegen de acan en P a e alle = un e hänigs e nähe e Vo = he posi ion. 19 Co ec ed om 6. BIRUTĖ TRIŠKAITĖ 76 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXIII Ve imas […]Gau a 12 Decembe 1747 […]21 The mos b illian , he mos powe ul King, he mos g acious King and Lo d!22 To be handed o e o M . P obs . B andas⌝23 ⌜Reichenbachas [174]7 m. g uodžio 13 d.⌝24 You Royal Highness has been humbly and diligen ly p epa ed o his [mon h] 5 h day, as s a ed in piausi i labiausiai nusižeminęs meldžiau ski i kunigo ie ą Balė uose25, Įs u- ies alsčiuje, P ūsijoje. Kadangi uoka sa o dokumen ų nepa eikiau, odėl nuolankiausiai juos p idedu šiuosyk p ašydamas g ąžin i o iginalus. Gimiau bei augau Lie u oje26 i moku jos kalbą, šią kalbą aip pa mokiau Halės Lie u ių [kalbos] semina e27. Be o, s udija au Halės uni e si e e28 i esu okiai a ny- he a ached le e om he Facul y o Theology29. 20 The da e o eceip o he eques is en e ed la e by he o he pe son. 21 The da e o eceip o he eques is eco ded la e by ano he ( hi d) pe son. 22 The applica ion is add essed o he hen King o P ussia, F ede ick II, also known as F ede ick he G ea (F ied ich II, F ied ich de G oße, 1712-1786, uled 1740-1786), bu he applica ion has ac ually been submi ed o he Sec e Council (Geheime Ra ) in Be lin, which made decisions on behal o he King. 23 The esolu ion was eco ded and signed by Minis e o S a e on B and. The esolu ion was signed by he p esiden o he consis o y, on Reichenbach. 25 Balle s ( ocal Balle hen) […] chu ches nea he T empels ( ocal T empen) and he Da kiemio ( ocal I 's called Da kehmen. 26 wo ds abou P ussian Li huania. 27 The Li huanian Language Semina y o he Uni e si y o Halle was ounded in 1727 by he will o King F ede ick William I o P ussia (F ied ich Wilhelm I, 1688-1740, uled 1713-1740). P o esso o heology Go hil as Augus F ancke (1696-1769) was appoin ed head o he semina y. He was able o each a he semina y no ea lie han mid-No embe 1741, when he en e ed he Uni e si y o Halle. 28 K. E. Tydkė ma icula ed a he Uni e si y o Halle on 16 No embe 1741 (P euß 1994: 228) and s udied heology o ou yea s. 29 Byloje šios pažymos nė a. A icles by A icles 77 K is upo E ns o Tydkės 1747 m. g uodžio 12 d. p ašymas: nauji ak ai apie Halės uni e si e o Lie u ių kalbos semina ą I'm a g adua e s uden a he Uni e si y o Po sdam, and I' e been s udying o mokslau i, ai liudijan į pažymėjimą31 aip pa p idedu. [1 ] Kadangi minė oji Balė ų kunigo ie a, kaip man p anešė mano ė as32, daba iš iesų a silais ino33, ačiau aš Ka aliaučiaus akul e ui nesu pažįs amas, nes en nes udija au34, aigi iš 30 yea s, and I can' gi e you any g ades, so once again, I humbly ask you, he Jūsų Ka ališkąją Didenybę maloningai eik is man ą kunigo ie ą ski i i uo ikslu leis i p adė i sky imo p ocedū ą. Pasilieku Jūsų Ka ališkosios Didenybės mos humble se an , This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion. This is Be lin. 1747 m. g uodžio 12 d. [2 ] Candida e o heology K is upo E ns o Tydkės Fu he in o ma ion on he acancy o he p ies o Bale 30 Mos likely e e ing o Spandau (p onounced Spandau), now a dis ic o wes e n Be lin, and he 18 h-cen u y […] s ill independen ci y, si ua ed on he wo i e s […] Ha el (p onounced Ha el) and Šp ė (p onounced Sp ee is a sain . 31 The e is no such ce i ica e in he ile. 32 We a e alking abou he la e Pe e Go lyb Milk (Pe e Go lieb Mielcke, 1695-1753), he hen p ies o Mielkiem (p onounced Mehlkehmen). His eal a he Tobias Tydkė (Tobias Tied ke, 1688-1725) died when K is up E ns was only h ee. The sea o Balogh was aca ed on 22 Sep embe 1747 by he dea h o Geo ge Ab aham Balogh. (QPP IV 8 ; ZM I 61) This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal. In ac , K. E. Tydkė ma icula ed a he Royal Uni e si y on Ap il 5, 1741 (E le 1911[…]1912: 386) and s udied he e o one semes e . BIRUTĖ TRIŠKAITĖ 78 Ac o Linguis ic Li huanian LXXXIII Ch is oph E ns Tied ke’s Appeal o Decembe 12, 1747: New Fac s abou he Li huanian Language Semina a he Uni e si y o Halle Summa y The a icle analyzes and publishes he a chi al documen ound a he Sec e S a e A chi es P ussian Cul u al He i age Founda ion (Ge man: Geheimes S aa sa chi P eußische ), Kul u besi z) in Be lin, which e eals new ac s abou he Li huanian Language Semina es ablished a he Uni e si y o Halle in 1727. I is an appeal o Ch is oph E ns Tied ke (1722-1772), a g adua e o he Uni e si y's Facul y o Theology, which was w i en on Decembe 12, 1747, and was add essed o he P i y Council (Ge man: Geheime Ra ) in Be lin (GS A, I, HA, Rep. 7, No. 90, p. This a chi al sou ce is impo an o he his o y o he Li huanian Language Semina a he Uni e si y o Halle, as i p o ides e idence o an almos undocumen ed inal pe iod o he semina 's exis ence. This a chi al documen is a wi ness o he name o one mo e eache o he Li huanian Language Semina a he Uni e si y o Halle, i.e., he au ho o he appeal himsel , Ti us, who was aised in he Mielke amily os e ing Li huanian adi ions and belonged o he known and undispu ed eache s o he semina y. He could ha e augh he Li huanian language Schimmelp ennig amily h ough his ma e nal lineage. Hence, Tied ke is one o he ou a he semina y be ween he end o No embe , 1741, when he ma icula ed a he Uni e si y o Halle, and he beginning o Augus , 1745, which is he da e o his depa u e. An asse ion by Ti us, who en e ed he Uni e si y o Halle in 1741, only ha he augh he Li huanian language a he Li huanian language semina y o ha ime, in i es us o ee alua e a s a emen by he head o he semina y, Go hild Augus F anke, ha he semina y unc ioned un il 1740. F ancke's s a emen was quo ed in Johann Ch is oph Ho baue 's book Geschich e de Uni e si ä zu Halle bis zum Jah e 1805 (Halle, 1805) wi hou a su icien con ex . Due o he lack o o he p ima y sou ces, i has been conside ed o wo cen u ies ha he semina y ceased o exis in 1740. The le e o Decembe 12, 1747 is so a he only au hen ic sou ce p o iding e idence ha he Li huanian Language Semina a he Uni e si y o Halle exis ed longe han he yea es ablished in his o iog aphy. The appeal allows us o asse ha he yea 1740 men ioned by F ancke only ma ked a pause in he ac i i ies o he semina y, which we e esumed soon a e . Howe e , only new a chi al sou ces could e eal how long he semina ac ually unc ioned un il i s inal closu e. Deli e ed on 15 Augus 2020 BIRUTĖ TRIŠKAITĖ Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as Pe o Vileišio g. 5, LT-10308 Vilnius, Li huania This Decision is add essed o he Membe S a es. bi u e. iskai [email p o ec ed]