Rita Miliūnaitė. Įvairuojantys ir nauji lietuvių kalbos reiškiniai XXI a. pradžioje: sistematika ir pokyčių kryptys

Recenzijos / Re iews 309 ERIKA RIMKUTĖ Vy au o Didžiojo uni e si e as ORCID id: o cid.o g/0000-0003-0858-8593 Di ec ions o scien i ic esea ch: ex ual linguis ics, compu e linguis ics, au oma ic mo phological analysis, au oma ic syn ac ic analysis, language cul u e, mo phemics, ixed wo d combina ions. This is a lis o academic disciplines in he ield o linguis ics. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. Ri a Miliūnai ė is a membe o he Wha a e some o he bene i s o s udying he Bible? The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion. SYSTEMS and Changes O he , o ci cula c oss-sec ion Vilnius: Li huanian Language Ins i u e, 2022, p. 721 DOI.o g/10.35321/e-pub.42.lie u iu-kalbos-pokyciai nog a iją Va ia ions and new ISBN 978-609-411-322-2 2022 me ų pabaigoje Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as išleido Ri os Miliūnai ės mo- exp essions o he Li huanian language a he beginning o he 21s cen u y: sys ema ics and di ec ions o changes. This e iew will e iew his book. The au ho o he monog aph con inues sys ema ically o in es iga e he a iabili y o language. Acco ding o R. Miliūnai is, "s udies o language a ia ion co e many heo e ical and p ac ical aspec s: he iden i y o a ian s, hei classi ica ion, unc ioning in he en i onmen , compe i ion wi h each o he , language changes, ela ionship wi h language no ms and language planning and o he simila issues". (p. 9) The ollowing able is inse ed: This di ec ion o esea ch is commendable, as R. Miliūnai ė's a ious wo ks emphasize he idea ha language mus be changed (coded) h ough a ian s, and heo e ical and p ac ical (o hal heo e ical, hal p ac ical) esea ch on a iance, wi hou R. Miliūnai ė's own wo k, is no abundan , so his monog aph is a e y necessa y publica ion o bo h heo is s and p ac i ione s in e es ed in language no ms. ERIKA RIMKUTĖ 310 o he Li huanian Language Ac LXXXVIII As s a ed in he o ewo d (p. 9), […][s] he au ho s o his book p o ide a sys ema ic app oach o he ha m ul laye s o he cu en public Li huanian language.[…] A he same ime, i is an a emp o look a he unexplo ed a eas o he Li huanian language and o g asp he mos impo an o ien a ions ha would XXI a. p adžioje unkcionuoja i kin a iešai a ojama bend inė lie u ių kal- ba i jos no mos.“ (p. 9). 11-ame puslapyje R. Miliūnai ė aiškiai p is a o sa o allow o pe cei e bo h he essence o he monog aph and i s heo e ical and p ac ical alue: a comp ehensi e classi ica ion can be he basis o making he gene al codi ica ion o he Li huanian language mo e sys ema ic and a ge ed, o assess new pa e ns o use o no only linguis ic phenomena, bu also la ge sys ems. This allows us o hink mo e consis en ly abou he con en o language ecommenda ions om a ime pe spec i e and o assess hei impac on he de elopmen o he no ms o he common Li huanian language, and o look e en mo e b oadly a he common language i sel as a memo y, meaning and alue in oday's changing wo ld. A ew wo ds abou he monog aph sanda below. The s uc u e o he book is clea and logical. The book's s uc u e is be e unde s ood by he lis s o illus a ions and ables gi en a he beginning o he book ( he monog aph con ains many au ho ed schemes, ables, ad e isemen s aken om he public po al, sc eensho s, e c., al hough he quali y o some o hem is no e y good, he image is blu ed, e.g. pp. 179, 181, 185, 190, 387 and many o he s), clea ly in o ma i e con en . In he o ewo d (p. 10) he au ho he sel p esen s he s uc u e and essence o he book as ollows: […][m]onog aphy is concei ed in such a way ha , in examining he changing phenomenon o oday's common language, one goes om he mos conc e e phenomena o use and hei changes o he common subjec s […] common language as one o he na ional language changes, he dynamic peculia i ies in o de o e eal he ela ionship and di ec ion o hese mic o- and mac o-changes.[…] As is usual in scien i ic wo ks, he monog aph begins wi h an In oduc ion, p esen ing he essen ial elemen s: pu pose, objec , ele ance, no el y, e c. This pa also discusses he mos impo an e ms: common language, subs anda d, a ia ion, language no m, codi ica ion; he me hodology o he s udy is p esen ed. In he nex pa o he monog aph The c ea ion o a sys ema ic in en o y o new and changing language phenomena, all s anda d publica ions and a ious esou ces c ea ed o he Li huanian language a e p esen ed ( hough no all o hem a e publicly a ailable). This is one o he ad an ages o he monog aph, because i can also be conside ed as a guide o cu en (as well as some ea lie ) wo ks on he no maliza ion o he Li huanian language, in which i is explained in de ail wha and whe e i is possible o ind, how one o ano he publica ion di e s. This sec ion ocuses on he concep o he "Va iable and New Language Phenomena" (Sambadas): i explains wha da a and how o classi y i , p esen s he concep o he "Sambadas" in g ea de ail, and ends his pa o he monog aph by emphasizing he p ac ical alue o he "Sambadas" and i s heo e ical applica ions. Ri a Miliūnai ė. Į ai uojan ys i nauji lie u ių kalbos eiškiniai XXI a. p adžioje: sis ema ika i pokyčių k yp ys Re iews o he Re iews o he Re iews o he Re iews o he Re iews o he Re iews The second pa o he monog aph is qui e adi ional ( his does no mean ha i is unin e es ing o unwo hy): he e he no ms o he language, hei changes, a ia ion, consump ion endencies a e discussed acco ding o he usual le els o he language (lexics, wo d o de , mo phology and syn ax) and he usual classi ica ion in he no ma i e publica ions. The ele an sec ions o his sec ion ieni pa yzdžiai labai išsamiai p is a omi, ki i pa eik i kaip a i inkamos po emės explain why and how language uni s a y, illus a i e examples, bu i is commendable ha he e is no sho age o well-chosen examples in his book o unde s and how language changes, which aises unce ain ies and awai s u he esea ch. The mos in e es ing (and pe haps he mos aluable) pa o he book was he hi d pa "The dynamics o he language o Bend in and i s phenomena". He e you can ind explana ions o whe e he common Li huanian language is going, wha de e mines i , how hese ends a e simila o he de elopmen o o he common languages. I should be acknowledged ha he wo ks o Li huanian linguis ics lack a scien i ically based analysis o he changes in he common language, pe spec i es based on he expe ience o o he languages. This sec ion will con inue o ecei e a g ea deal o a en ion, wi h many quo a ions, so ha hose who may no ha e he ime o ead all he monog aphs discussed he e can ge a mo e comple e pic u e. The monog aph ends wi h summa y conclusions, a lis o sou ces and li e a u e, a de ailed summa y in English. Bo h he wo k i sel and he lis o li e a u e show ha i is based on many wo ks by o eign and Li huanian au ho s. I can be said ha he au ho is well acquain ed wi h he ield, so she can gi e a ai ly objec i e pic u e o he common Li huanian language in he con ex o o he Eu opean esea ch languages. As you migh expec , he language o he monog aph is clea , logical, and o de ly. The ex is smoo h and easy o ead. The e a e only a ew co ec i e e o s, e.g. p. 139 in his sen ence: […]Pa ychka, a bo owed oo om English, has abou 30% less (in descending o de ) o all new wo ds han […] om F ench, I alian, Japanese, Russian, Spanish and A abic (some o which we e also bo owed om English). [...].“ The mos impo an ea u es o he monog aph will be discussed below, as well as some speci ic, discussed a eas o he monog aph. The ad an age o his monog aph is ha i emphasizes he desi e o sys ema ically desc ibe language a ian s ( he wo d "sys ema ic" is also men ioned in he i le o he book), because i is o en necessa y o encoun e equen si ua ions when he no ms o a pa icula language do no qui e co espond o he p inciple o sys ema ici y, so i is di icul o apply hem in p ac ice, o explain o o he s how and why hey should be applied. The ad an ages o he monog aph can be p esen ed on he basis o he objec i e o mula ed by he au ho he sel in he Law (p. 22): […]The aim o he s udy […] is o c ea e a me hodological basis o he quan i a i e and quali a i e analysis o he mos common phenomena o he use o he Li huanian language, o p o ide a sys ema ic de ini ion o hese phenomena, ERIKA RIMKUTĖ 312 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXVIII o iden i y he mos impo an ends and changes in he use o he common language. I should be emphasized ha he au ho managed o achie e he se goal. Thus, he publica ion emphasizes me hodology and sys emici y. The con ac o he con ac , which is jus i ied by he book p. 129: kiamų eiškinių klasi ikacijai paaiškin i monog a ijoje ski iama daug dėmesio. Monog a ijoje ap a iamo Są ado e ę ge iausia ilius uoja ši iš auka iš ap- […]The d a ing and illing ou o he con ac is essen ially a sys ema ic ixa ion o he ypes o INCR1 and hei speci ic exp essions ha unc ion in he cu en en i onmen . This is a necessa y condi ion and a s a ing poin o u he a ia ion o he common language in he esea ch wo ks. In o he wo ds, consciousness is needed o s udy he changes and endencies o he u u e. Wi hou a e e ence poin , wi hou knowing he s a us o he use and codi ica ion, i is impossible o de e mine he changes hemsel es, and i is mo e di icul o ecognize new phenomena. Thus, he concep o NCR is a me hodological ool o measu ing changes in he en i onmen , i is be e o see hei na u e: whe he i is a new change, a ans o ma ion o an exis ing phenomenon, o a single o sys emic change. I should be emphasized ha he monog aph "chooses a linguis ic a he han a sociolinguis ic app oach o language a ia ion" (p. 24). On he one hand, his is a adi ional app oach o language no ms, on he o he hand, as he au ho he sel w i es u he (p. 24): "The sociolinguis ic aspec in he monog aph is also no comple ely igno ed: i is impo an o unde s and he gene al con ex o he ela ionship be ween socie y and language, which de e mines he dynamics o common languages". This iew is suppo ed by he ac ha he hi d pa o he monog aph also deals wi h he sociolinguis ic aspec o language analysis, i.e. how he de elopmen o a common language akes place in he pos -s anda diza ion pe iod. Al hough he au ho p obably did no ha e such a goal, i can be a gued ha his book can also be used as a s udy ma e ial, as i p o ides he mos impo an sys ema ic de ini ions, p esen s ele an sou ces o language no maliza ion, discusses many cases o language s anda diza ion, p o ides ele an examples. F om a his o ical pe spec i e, he e iew o no ma i e publica ions gi en by R. Miliūnai ė can be ansla ed as: Pa icula a en ion is paid o he discussion o he ad ice (abiem leidimais) o language p ac ice, bu his is unde s andable because his publica ion is a book on he no ms o he cu en ( om he eigh h o he nin h decade o he las cen u y) Li huanian language, on he basis o which many o he publica ions o ecommenda ions ha e been p epa ed; Many o he language s anda ds in o ce oday come om his publica ion (and, o cou se, he e a e many p e iously app o ed s anda ds ha a e s ill ele an oday). The guide is p esen ed objec i ely, i is ine i able o show and no o ollow, bu , gi en he ci cums ances o i s c ea ion, such sho comings a e unde s andable. As ye ano he a gumen ha he Consensus can also be used o educa ional pu poses, one can men ion his idea o R. Miliūnai ė: […]Suda ius ĮNKR Consensus, highligh s he a eas o a ied language phenomena and sees whe e he mos abb e ia ed and new linguis ic phenomena a e common in his Monog aph 1. Ri a Miliūnai ė. Į ai uojan ys i nauji lie u ių kalbos eiškiniai XXI a. p adžioje: sis ema ika i pokyčių k yp ys Re iews o 313 language no ms a e no s ong. These da a can be used o each a common language by ein o cing he implemen a ion o he no ms hemsel es and e ealing he shades o he no m a ian s, a he han using an ou da ed e o -co ec ing me hod. (p. 27) This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion. Kažin o ansla ed he ph ases o anks o’, daba inėje kalboje labai ne ipiškų a minių a ejų, p z., p ie su įnagi- he obsole e language, e.g. om he moun ain meaning ‘ om ninku ( o he Ge mans). O cou se, i is possible o oppose such an opinion o he au ho o he e iew and a gue ha he Cou should include all he non-s anda d, a ying cases iden i ied so a (i should be emphasized ha he ex , when discussing some cases in mo e de ail, does no pay a en ion o such a e, non- ypical cases). Bu he ques ion is, how long will he a ious con empo a y con en ions, he no ma i e publica ions, men ion some hing ha is no longe ele an in oday's language? Since such cases a e eco ded in p e iously published publica ions, hey can be ound he e i necessa y, so i is no longe wo hwhile o eco d hem in new wo ks. The au ho encoun e s an unen iable si ua ion when he wan s o discuss a phenomenon ha causes a lo o discussion, e.g., p. 187[…]190 discusses he ollowing wo d. A lo o in o ma ion is p o ided, se e al Li huanian dic iona ies, s anda d publica ions, Russian dic iona ies a e compa ed. F om all his in o ma ion, i is clea o he eade ha […] i seems ha his e b ollows he meaning and he pa icipan ollows he meaning o […]i, co esponding o he meaning o he Russian language […] app oaching, appea ing di ec ly ollowing who, wha , he nea es in line […] and […] o such, p ecisely such as ollows […], is no a na u al esul o he de elopmen o he Li huanian language […] (p. 190). I is also desc ibed ha a a he inconsis en meaning was gi en in he Dic iona y o Con empo a y Li huanian Language and in he P ac ical Ad ice o he Language. This is he i s ime in he his o y o he wo ld ha he e m "co ec " has been used o desc ibe a speci ic ype o wo d, and he i s ime ha he e m "co ec " has been used o desc ibe a speci ic ype o wo d is ound in he book "Co ec " by J. A. S. Toze , Vol. So pe haps he language's no ma i e decision-make s simply lack (al hough he ime has long since come) wha o do wi h he nex meaning o "ano he , coming, u u e"? This is no an objec ion o R. Miliunai e, because, o cou se, he au ho in his monog aph does no ha e o sol e he cases discussed; This is jus an illus a ion o a phenomenon ha has no been clea ly desc ibed in s anda d publica ions o many yea s, because hose use s o he language who will analyze only s anda d publica ions: o example, DLKZ, language ad ice on he po al h ps: h ps: h ps: h ps: h ps: h ps: h ps: h ps: h ps: h ps: h ps: h ps: h ps: h ps: h ps: I is commendable ha he au ho ends he pos on seman ic alues wi h he ollowing summa y pa ag aph: […][s]eman ic mo i a ion is one o he c i e ia ERIKA RIMKUTĖ 314 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXVIII kodi ikacijos p incipų – sis emiškumo iš aiška. No in jį aiky i sp endžian he seman ic s uc u es o he membe s cons i u ing he a ia ions mus be p ecisely analysed and compa ed. Howe e , as has been seen om some examples, he sou ces o Li huanian lexicog aphy a e no always eliable in his espec . Mo eo e , his c i e ion alone is no su icien , as i may encoun e o he p inciples and c i e ia (pu i y, dis inc i eness, no ma i e adi ions, e c.). The e o e, he in e ac ion o hese c i e ia can be pe cei ed di e en ly by each no ma o , and his is whe e subjec i i y a ises (in e ms o age, language expe ience, subjec p epa a ion, a i ude o inno a ion, e c.). (p. 198) This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion. Thus, i is clea ha language s anda dize s ha e had and will ha e mo e and mo e wo k in he u u e o ea he meanings o old and newly eme ging wo ds in he cu en Li huanian language, usually due o he in luence o o he languages. The monog aph p o ides examples o new ph ases, he o ical ph ases (e.g., and yes; and no; and poin ; no, I did no hea ). O cou se, you'd like o see mo e as i in o macijos apie naujus, ypač pas o iuosius kalbos iene us be eik neį- manoma. Lieka bandy i laimę as i okius duomenis kokiame no s s aipsnyje, o hem, because in s anda dized sou ces (whe he hey' e digi ized) in e iews and so on. So, as men ioned se e al imes, his monog aph is e y use ul and a p ac ical sou ce o hose wo king wi h he Li huanian language. A aluable chap e o language p ac i ione s is "Wo ds o Consen " because, as you know, he Wo d Consen Book o Speech has no been p epa ed un il now. In addi ion o he language-speci ic ea u es lis ed in he "Language E o s Lis ," he au ho also p o ides new language ac s om he New Tes amen o o he sou ces, such as a ai ly de ailed discussion o he p ecep s - he usage o he Vedic polynomials. endencies o o m new dungeons wi h he end o he second ga men unchanged, e c. Wha was su p ising in his chap e is ha he s ill cu en ja gon wo ds wi h p eposi ions -(i)akas (e.g. mobile, no ice), -o (e.g. s ylis ), -kė (e.g. labda kė) and o he s a e mainly om Russian. On he o he hand, he e is no need o be e y su p ised, because, as R. Miliūnai ė says, he language used in public discou se is kiškėja“, ad a ojami okie žodžiai, ku ių anksčiau pasi aikyda o ik p i ačioje […]šnešnekamojoje kalboje. Thus, i can be concluded ha […][a]gene al and con inued c ea ion o new Vedas wi h ja gon-based e minology indica es ha he in luence o he o me So ie Russian language on he Li huanian language is s ill being el .[…] (p. 272) This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion. In he sec ion on wo d g amma , mo e ai ly new o unusual wo d-making ools a e discussed: p e ixes, su ixes, diminu i e mo phemes Ri a Miliūnai ė. Į ai uojan ys i nauji lie u ių kalbos eiškiniai XXI a. p adžioje: sis ema ika i pokyčių k yp ys Re iews by Re iews by 315 (pa s o he in e media e wo d […] be ween he a ixes and he oo s)2 and k . The book does no p esen all he inds, bu om he abundance o hem (mos ly om he Naujažodžiai duomenyno) i is possible o make ce ain summa ies o he new wo d-making ends. This chap e ends wi h impo an summa ies, which a e gi en in subsec ion 2.2.7 "Gene al ends in wo d associa ion". How much mo e in o ma ion do you expec o ind? 2.3. in he sub i le o mo phology. O cou se, mo e da a is p o ided he e han in he s anda d publica ions published so a , and many examples om he media o o he sou ces, bu he pa ag aphs o speci ic g amma ical ca ego ies o en end wi h he ollowing sen ences: So, in he case o abs ac objec wo ds, he line be ween he no m and i s iola ions is blu ed. The app op ia eness o he use o polynomial o ms indica es ha he e is a need o e iew and cla i y he codi ica ion esul ing om hese changes, since he abs ac ness o he noun alone is no longe a eliable c i e ion o he sepa a ion o no ms. (p. 343 on he igu es). The analysis o compa a i e sen ences in which he pas ense is used, which a e ele an a he ime o speech, should show whe he he compound o ms a e d awn om he pas ense o whe he compe i ion wi h singula o ms is s ong. Howe e , collec ing quan i a i ely ep esen a i e examples o sankaup, as in o he cases o non-lexical use o g amma ical e bs, would be cumbe some. (p. 352 on he imes). 2.3.1.1.3. he sub i le […]Va ious mo phological o ms[…] (p. 374-375) is ex emely laconic. Acco ding o R. Miliūnai ė, his is no a g oup made up o a ia ions o di e en pa s o he same language. This includes he use o punc ua ion wo ds ha do no e e o he punc ua ion quan i y, such as he e bs o be used (e.g., send, send, accommoda e, accommoda e). This whole subsec ion ends wi h he sen ence: These a ia ions unc ion in he Va osene, bu no no iceable changes ha e been obse ed due o hei a i y. (p. 375) This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion. I emains unclea whe he his is a no mal o a non-no mal si ua ion, wha kind o ecommenda ions could be made in one o m o ano he . I is wo h no ing ha he use o he e m "mo phology" is much mo e complex han ha o he lexical, lexical o lexical o ms, bu he imp ession, he new wo ds, he e bs, he o ni hological and 2 Y a disku uo inų, ne isai ikslių da inių in e p e acijos a ejų, p z., p. 324 30-oje len elėje žodis a os ogos pa eik as kaip skolinys – menamųjų mo emų šal inis. Galima su ik i, kad šis žodis y a so on a e he basis o he wo d, bu he wo d i sel can ha dly be conside ed a loanwo d. T ue, on page 325 he au ho w i es: "I would no be s ange, i , in he Li huanian language, by inc easing he numbe o pai s, one would g adually begin o ind e en smalle mo phemes. Fo example, when he wo d "wo kbook" became widesp ead, new wo ds began o be c ea ed o ansla ed on he basis o i . ND eco ded h ee mo e (men ioned abo e): au os ogs, o ni os ogs, spo os ogs [ iew 2022-07-13]. Thus, i can be said ha in he Li huanian language, he wo d is o med sepa a ely -s ogos. The e o e, holidays he e a e no conside ed as a loan. ERIKA RIMKUTĖ Ac a Linguis ica 316 Li huanica LXXXVIII ha du ing he 2030 yea s he e we e almos no changes in new mo phological no ms. O cou se, one can ejoice ha he Li huanian language's backbone […] he mo phological sys em […] emains unchanged, oo much una ec ed by o he languages. On he o he hand, he idea ha maybe he e's been an unno iced, unno iced shi in his a ea. A he beginning o all he sec ions de o ed o discussing he no ms o a pa icula language le el, he e is a able summa izing he Cou . I indica es he sou ce o he no m, possible a ia ions, he basis o a ia ion, speci ic examples. In o he wo ds, he eade is p esen ed i s wi h he ull lis o wha and how can a y, and hen a e such ables a e p o ided mo e examples, some o which a e commen ed on in mo e de ail. The ex and he syn ax pa a e simila ly s uc u ed. Those who know he ules o un and pleasu e may no e en need o be eminded o how many ules he e a e ha deal wi h his po . The au ho 's choice was o immedia ely p o ide all he sys ema ic in o ma ion o he Cou on links and links, a he han b eak i down by syn ac ic unc ion o speci ic links o links, because he able o links no ms ex ends om page 393 o page 454, and he lis o links ex ends om page 477 o page 549. The e is no doub ha such ables p o ide impo an in o ma ion3, bu he monog aph would like mo e in e p e a ion, explana ions, commen a y on a ying no ms, a he han all he possible ex ac s. Pe haps such ables should ha e been included a he end o he monog aph as appendices o o s uc u e he ex di e en ly. In he pa o he monog aph de o ed o syn ax no ms, he numbe o examples is some imes s iking (i would be possible o gi e e en ewe , since i is s ill impossible o gi e all he collec ed cases), bu some mo e complex cases a e discussed only in a small pa ag aph, e.g. p. 474-475 on g amma iza ion, mo e p ecisely, on he in oduc ion o he placeholde polynx, he e is no a single example wi h a b oade con ex . These cases a e less discussed in s anda d publica ions han, o example, double-sided jokes, so hey should be analyzed in mo e de ail. On he o he hand, i mus be acknowledged ha he la ge numbe o examples gi en in some cases helps o be e unde s and he codi ica ion and he eal no m, illus a ing he pos ula es o he no m. In he case o he i s wo, he wo-digi numbe is used o indica e he numbe o digi s in he sequence, and in he case o he second wo-digi numbe , he numbe o digi s in he sequence is used o indica e he numbe o digi s in he sequence. See also pa ag aph 4.2. S may be. 5.1 To e e o a place wi h some o i s e ec s: he ollowing main example is gi en: [P asmego] kiau ai land: land. Below a e some simila ly used wo ds: inkypai, ins ige, isilgai, and k . ). lanky is izi o, no s jų a osena labai panaši, odėl galėjo bū i apibend in i kaip ienas a ejis pa- Ri a Miliūnai ė. Į ai uojan ys i nauji lie u ių kalbos eiškiniai XXI a. p adžioje: sis ema ika i pokyčių k yp ys Re iews o 317 e iews discussing cases ha o en all in o he g ay zone, abou which he e is no much in o ma ion in s anda d publica ions. The monog aph akes in o accoun he la es linguis ic challenges, o example, i discusses aspec s o a gende -sensi i e language. On page 337, i is s a ed ha " he p oli e a ion o o ms o he emale gende (excessi e consump ion) is encou aged as ea ly as he 20 h cen u y by he misunde s ood ca ego y o he Li huanian language gende , which, due o he p oli e a ion o eminism and gende ism ideologies, is inco ec ly ixed in he public sphe e, ying o na ow he use o o ms o he male gende and no ecognizing hese o ms as a esidual and gene ic unc ion". Fu he on (p. 338) i is w i en ha o en such o ms seem unna u al, because hey a e ela ed no o he de elopmen o he language sys em, bu o he ideologically p opaga ed posi ion. I is also men ioned ha language changes a e de e mined by he esul s o au oma ic ansla ion o au oma ic language gene a ion p og ams. Also in he wo d o de sec ion, he e is a endency o make eminine o masculine nouns unusually (see pa ag aph 2.2.3.). The a icle, published on he social ne wo king si e Facebook, s a es ha "Ins ead o using a social ne wo king accoun , a pe son who has a social ne wo king accoun will au oma ically display hei name and su name on he social ne wo king si e." R. Miliūnai ė, when discussing language no ms, co e s a wide ange o a ying exp essions, illus a ing, o example, he example o he oc agon (see p. 305-306). This is no a ypical compound wo d, acco ding o he au ho , i may ha e a isen as a esul o au oma ic ansla ion. Thus, when discussing Li huanian language usage pa e ns, i is some imes necessa y (and will be e en mo e necessa y in he u u e) o ake in o accoun e en such echnological issues. As he scien is says, he e ec o machine ansla ion on he Li huanian language is no s udied a all, so ansla ion o non- ypical ex s would be an in e es ing a ea o esea ch. The e is an abundance o da a on a ious opics (culina y, spo s, ashion, science, e c.) on In e ne po als, which a e au oma ically ansla ed in o many languages (usually wi hou ad e ising da a). (p. 306) This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion. The syn ax pa discusses qui e ecen cases highligh ed in he li e a u e, some imes no e en included in s anda d publica ions. Fo example, in subsec ion 2.4.8, "Wo d o de ", much a en ion is paid o media headlines and o he examples in which su okiamų sin aksinių yšių, dėl pažeis os ak ualiosios sakinio skaidos apsun- kina eks o su okimą. Ne i in išsamiai no minamuosiuose leidiniuose ap a ų wo d o de causes ambigui y. The wo d "Sop anos" is used in he English language o e e o a g oup o people, bu he wo d "Sop anos" can also be used o e e o a g oup o people, such as a model, a model, a s a , o a celeb i y. abou pa iciples as being easie o use (because hey don' ha e o be combined wi h he subjec ) han pa iciple o ms, he use o pe sonal e bs ins ead o nouns, e c. These phenomena ce ainly need mo e in-dep h esea ch, bu ERIKA RIMKUTĖ The Ac a Linguis ica Li huaniana (LXXVIII) was w i en by John Jablonski in he ea ly 20 h cen u y. […]Mo e han a hund ed yea s o codi ica ion and dissemina ion o i s no ms ha e no ye gi en enough ime o hese no ms o be i mly es ablished a all le els in he educa ed laye s o socie y, and he e o e he dynamics ha e no ye aken a clea di ec ion.[…] Unlike some Eu opean languages, he Li huanian language has li ed o cen u ies unde s ong p essu e om o he languages, cons an ly unde he in luence o language con ac s. The common Li huanian language no ms du ing he 50 yea s o he So ie occupa ion could also no de elop na u ally, as i expe ienced a g ea in luence o he Russian language. The e o e, he a ia ion o he use o he common language is also unequal: he e a e also o eign elemen s ha eme ge om he Li huanian language as a whole, sys ems and no ms. In he 20 h cen u y and 21s cen u y, he common Li huanian language has no ye go id o he Russi ica ion o he pa ades, bu is con e ging wi h new language sys ems (in mos cases wi h he English language) and wi h o he a ian s o he Li huanian language ( egional and subs anda d). The au ho a gues ha due o he ela i ely ecen and incomple e esea ch on he de elopmen o he common Li huanian language and linguis ic p o isions in Li huania, i would no be sa e o ca ego ize he na u e o he dynamics o he common Li huanian language wi hou ese a ions, al hough he moni o ing o usage and he esea ch on linguis ic p o isions show changes a bo h he s uc u al, language egula o y and ideological le els. […]The g owing gap be ween he codi ied and he eal no ms in he cu en pe iod o he de elopmen o he common Li huanian language can be in e p e ed as he o ma ion o a sub-s anda d […] in e media e laye be ween he egiolec s and he common language […]. Li huania seeks o unna u ally accele a e changes in language ideologies: nega i e p o isions a e o med in he public space bo h because o he ideology o he common language and he no ms o he adi ional common language, and because o i s supe iso y ins i u ions and s a e language policy. The las subpa ag aph o he hi d pa o he book ends wi h a a he op imis ic s a emen : "Resea che s o he changes in he common languages o Eu ope no e ha in mos cases he linguis ic p o isions o socie y indica e wi hou a doub he need o he changes in he common languages hemsel es. The gene al endency o changes is mo e o en seen no a he le el o he ideology o he common language, bu a he le el o he language's s anda d. The idea ha a language wi h ew speake s in he global wo ld communi y has a be e chance o su i al and expansion and eco e y i i has a common language is pa icula ly impo an o he Li huanian language communi y. The e o e, e en in he pos -s anda diza ion pe iod, he unc ioning and change o he common Li huanian language should no be le o he disc e ion o he indi idual. (p. 668) This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion. In he closing wo ds o he monog aph (p. 680), R. Miliūnai ė a gues ha i is no necessa y o ask whe he we need a common language (which we ha e o lea n speci ically), bu we need o ask wha kind o common language we need o build in o de o be a con enien and a ac i e ool o uni ing socie y. Bo h he au ho o he monog aph and he au ho o his e iew lea e i o he eade s o answe his ques ion. Ri a Miliūnai ė. Į ai uojan ys i nauji lie u ių kalbos eiškiniai XXI a. p adžioje: sis ema ika i pokyčių k yp ys Recenzijos / Re iews 325 In summa y, his monog aph is an excellen , aluable scien i ic wo k, necessa y o he use s o he language: bo h heo is s and p ac i ione s. Al hough some o he e iews s a ed ha hey wan ed mo e in o ma ion, a clea e p esen a ion o language no ms, a be e explana ion o a ying linguis ic phenomena, hese commen s a e essen ially in ended o he au ho s o he s anda d publica ions (including, o cou se, he au ho o he monog aph unde discussion), and i is expec ed ha u u e discussions will ocus on how language no ms should be p esen ed in a way ha is con enien and clea o use s. Unde s andably, one publica ion - e en one o his size (721 pages!) - canno expec o p o ide all he answe s you wan . Especially since he same language no ms may aise mo e ques ions o some and di e en ones o o he s. The commen s made he e may encou age some esea ch, d awing he a en ion o egula o s o he lack o in o ma ion o Li huanian language use s, whe he i is su icien ly clea ly desc ibed o easily ound. Deli e ed on 17 Feb ua y 2023. ERIKA RIMKUTĖ Vy au o Didžiojo uni e si e as Vlado Pu inskio g. 23-216, LT-44243 Kaunas, Li huania e ika. imku [email p o ec ed] This is a lis o people who we e bo n in, esiden s o , o o he wise closely associa ed wi h he ci y o Kaunas, Li huania.