Apie kai kuriuos determinatyvinius XIX a. pab. – XX a. pr. medicinos terminus dūrinius su daiktavardiniu antruoju sandu

S aipsniai / A icles 47 PALMIRA ZEMLEVIČIŪTĖ Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as ORCID id: o cid.o g/0000-0002-8679-3253 Di ec ions o academic esea ch: Li huanian e minology, his o y o Li huanian medical e minology. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . DETERMINATIVE o he A. The 19 h PAB. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal. Medical e m F eshwa e SU This is DAIKTAVARDINIU. O he , no u he wo ked han ho - olled, in coils On Ce ain De e mina i e Medical Compound Te ms o La e 19 h – Ea ly 20 h Cen u y wi h Noun as he Second Componen This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal. The a icle deals mainly wi h he s uc u al aspec s o he de e mina i e e ms o he 19 h and 20 h cen u ies in medical and heal h- ela ed publica ions, which (o only hei meanings) a e no eco ded in he LKZ, and discusses one o hose ypes o du ian p oduc ion, he du ian wi h he second owel sound, and i s s uc u al models, explaining pa adina dū iniai, kokios pi mųjų sandų eikšmės, sandų jungimo būdai, s a s omi p oble- miniai sandų san ykio, pama inių žodžių pa inkimo i ki i susiję klausimai. Ti iamiesiems wha a e he s uc u al models o he du ian + D + D, B + D, V + D. The mos p oduc i e species, bo h o which ha e nouns. Mos o en, he basis o he wo sands and hei ela ionship a e easily unde s ood, he e minological meanings low om he cons uc i e meanings, so hey a e easy o iden i y. The e m "o gan" e e s o he pa s o he body, o gans, and diseases. Howe e , he ounda ions o some du ian sands a e based on he keblu, and i is possible o ea sand sand ela ionship in di e en ways o i is di icul o desc ibe i a all. D + D is he i s syllable o he s uc u al model mos commonly indica ed PALMIRA ZEMLEVIČIŪTĖ 48 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXVIII a ilia ion and ype o concep , and B + D, V + D […] ea u e. The D+D s uc u al model mos o en ela es he du ian sands o he conjuga e owels ( he dominan owel -a-), a he han wi hou hem, while B+D, V+D and P+D, on he con a y, ela e mainly o he conjuga e owels. ESMINIAL WORDS: medicine, e m, de e mina i e, ype o wo k, ype o wo k, ype o wo k, ype o wo k, ype o wo k, ype o wo k, ype o wo k, ype o wo k s uk ū inis modelis, e mininė eikšmė, da ybinė eikšmė. ANNOTATION The a icle akes a p edominan ly s uc u al app oach in analyzing he de e mina i e cen u y, compound e ms om medical and heal hca e publica ions o he la e 19 h – ea ly 20 h which (o he meanings o which) we e no eco ded in The Dic iona y o he Li huanian Language. I ocuses on a peculia ype o o ma ion o he said compounds, i.e., compounds wi h he noun as he second componen , and i s s uc u al models; I aims o ind ou wha is designa ed by compounds, wha meanings a e con eyed by he i s componen s and in wha ways hese componen s a e combined. I also discusses he p oblema ic ques ions o ela ionship be ween he componen s, he choice o base wo ds, e c. The compound e ms unde analysis demons a e he ollowing s uc u al models: D + D, B + D, V + D, P + D (whe e D s ands o noun, B s ands o adjec i e, V s ands o e b and P s ands o p eposi ion). The mos p oduc i e compounds a e wi h nouns as hei bo h componen s. As a ule, he base wo d o he wo componen s and hei ela ionship a e easy o iden i y. hei e minological meanings de i e om hei wo d- o ma ion meanings, and hey a e he e o e easily iden i iable. Compound e ms deno e body pa s, o gans and diseases. Howe e , he base wo ds o ce ain componen s a e di icul o explain; he ela ionship be ween componen s can be in e p e ed in di e en ways o i is di icul o desc ibe al oge he . The i s componen s o he D+D s uc u al model usually designa e belonging and he concep o ype, whe eas he B+D and V+D s uc u al models a e usually combined wi hou linking owels. exp ess a ea u e. The componen s o he D + D s uc u al model a e mo e commonly combined by means o linking owels (whe e he owel -a- akes he lead), whe eas in he case o he B + D, V + D and P + D s uc u al models, on he con a y, bo h componen s KEYWORDS: medicine, e m, de e mina i e compound, o ma ion ype, s uc u al model, e minological meaning, wo d- o ma ion meaning No es o he pu poses o his Annex: T adiciškai lie u ių kalbo y oje dū inys sup an amas kaip uni e bacijos ke- liu is a wo d o med om he combina ion o wo independen wo ds wi h a lexical and e b meaning ( he las one is o med by he lexical meaning o he A icles o he T ea y Apie kai ku iuos de e mina y inius XIX a. pab. – XX a. p . medicinos e minus dū inius su daik a a diniu an uoju sandu wo ds and hei ela ionship o each o he ). The e is no p oblem in iden i ying and de ining i in he Li huanian language1 (U bu is 1961: 65; LKG I 1965: 437; KTŽ 1990: 196; LKE 2008: 148, 281, p. S undžia, Ja mala ičius 2019: 18–19, 52). Acco ding o P ano Ska džis, a esea che o Li huanian wo d p oduc ion, he p oduc ion o dū ī eaches e en he ime o he Indo-Eu opean dialec s hemsel es. s a biausia y a „žodžių idinė ( eikšminė) sąjunga“, i jie nuo seno daugiausia bu o naudojami „specialinėje mokslo e minologijoje“. Būdami „specialesnio In he case o con en , he e bs "by hei e y na u e" a e mainly sui able o a mo e p ecise, condensed and meaning ul way o exp essing, a common subjec o be desc ibed (Ska džius 1996 [1943]: 396-397, 401, 403). S asys Keinys, a classic o Li huanian e minology who discussed he wo k o Li huanian e minology in he mos de ailed way in he 20 h cen u y, d ew a en ion o he g ea ac i i y o he language in con empo a y Li huanian e minology, which he explained p ima ily by he need o in e nal e minology o name complex concep s. The me hod o cul i a ion is also con enien because i helps o compa e sho species names, which helps o a oid he clus e ing o signs. The e bs a e usually mo e e minic han he co esponding wo d combina ions (Keinys 2005 [1983]: 129130). The subjec o his a icle is he 72 de e mina i e medical e ms o he pe iodic able wi h he seconda y a ian s (wi hou a ian s) which (o hei 1 Fo a b oade iew o he new app oach o he pe iodic able and hei classi ica ion, see Liebe and Š ekaue 2009: 48; Gue a a, Scalise 2009: 101 […] 128. This is a lis o people who ha e been awa ded he Nobel P ize in Physiology o Medicine. 2 The P . Ska dijus called he e m a compound wo d (Ska dijus 1996 [1943]: 39). In addi ion o he e m du ian, he e m sudu inis wo d (KTŽ 1990: 196; LKE 2008: 148, 281), composi e (LKE 2008: 148; S undžia, Ja mala ičius 2019: 18) is also used in linguis ic li e a u e. 3 The e m smoke is mo e o less esea ched: Aukso iū ė 2001, 2015, 2016; Gai enis 2014 [1998]; The Commission conside s ha he aid is compa ible wi h he in e nal ma ke wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c) o he T ea y. This is a lis o people who ha e been awa ded he Nobel P ize in Physiology o Medicine, so ed by he yea o hei dea h. The a icle is sepa a ed om he s uc u al and (o ) seman ic aspec s o p oblema ic sen ences, one o which is di icul o jus i y o is comple ely unclea (e en om he con ex ) and he meaning o he sen ence i sel , e.g. in he ex s hemsel es. The e m is used in a na owe sense, i.e. i is conside ed kas ligē. 5 Kalbamojo laiko a pio publikacijose a ian inių dū inių iksuo a ne ik ski inguose, be i uose a o mal a ian o he same wo d, ha ing he same lexical and g amma ical meaning and mo phological conno a ion (Miliūnai ė 2009: 141, c . Mi ke ičienė 2004: 124, 140). In o he wo ds, i is a o mal s uc u al a ia ion ha does no anscend he bounda ies o he e m iden i y and does no cause any seman ic e m shi , i.e. i is no ela ed o he di e en ia ion o he seman ic e m con en . Howe e , he a iabili y o medical e ms is no he pu pose o his a icle, so he a ian s a e no S aipsnyje ais a ejais, kai dū inys u i a ian ų ( isoje empi inėje medžiagoje a ijuoja 11 ski - ingų medicinos e minų), pa eikiama jų eilu ė, a ski ian jos na ius pas i aisiais b ūkšniais. discussed in mo e de ail, hey a e he subjec o a sepa a e s udy. I is only necessa y o say ha some du ies a y di e en ly wi h g aphically shaped oices, e.g. s o ža nė and s o ža nė. These a e PALMIRA ZEMLEVIČIŪTĖ 50 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXVIII meanings) a e no eco ded in he LKŽ. The de e mina i e 6 he e is conside ed o be hose e bs whose i s owel usually de e mines he second owel, na owing i s meaning (U bu is 1961: 68; 2009: 205; LKG I 437; KTŽ 1990: 196; LKE 2008: 148; S undžia, Ja mala ičius 2019: 52). This is he i s ime in he his o y o he Eu opean Union ha he e m "Jamaican" has been used. The a icles published in he newspape s and calenda s o he ime, w i en o ansla ed no only by doc o s bu also by ep esen a i es o o he p o essions, we e collec ed om he 19 h- and 20 h-cen u y publica ions on medicine and heal h. The e is no equi alence be ween hose publica ions in e ms o subjec ma e (medical), bu hei con en has no in luence on he pu ely linguis ic pu pose o […] o examine he s uc u e o medical e ms wi h he second wo d […]. The seman ic aspec is also explained, wha concep ual ma ke s a e he subjec s o s udy, wha a e he meanings o he i s wo ds. To sol e hese p oblems, he mos sui able analy ical desc ip i e me hod, he me hod o quali a i e analysis, is based on he in e p e a ion and, i necessa y, he adjacen me hod, he me hod o calcula ion o show quan i a i e ela ionships. In he desc ip i e analy ical pa o he a icle, nex o he sen ences, he abb e ia ion o he sou ce, he lexical meaning o he sen ence (i is o mula ed by he au ho o he a icle, based on he in o ma ion in he sou ce) and he c ea i e meaning a e highligh ed om he basic wo ds gi en in he pa ag aphs. I he wo d is eco ded in sou ces wi h di e en meanings, gi e hose meanings wi h he bibliog aphical da a o he sou ces (sho cu , yea , numbe (i newspape ), page). Some imes he meanings o sen ences a e no exp essed by he au ho , bu illus a i e sen ences o exce p s om hem a e p o ided, especially in cases whe e he minimum con ex is in o ma i e o mo i a e he meaning o he sen ence. conside ed spelling a ian s. O he species a y in hei claws, join s, and sounds, such as na ikaulis and na ykaulis, k iokligē, and k iokliga. They a e conside ed o be de i a i e a ian s (see Vaskelienė 2013: 208[…] 210 o mo e in o ma ion abou hem). C ea i e a ian s a e unde s ood he e as […] he same basic wo ds and he same c ea i e a ix, which di e in some seconda y c ea i e means[…] (šaknies (plg. Mi ke ičienė 9. 2004: 133[…]135), bu c ea i e a ian s ( o mo e on he ela ionship balsių kai a, jungiamuoju balsiu i (a ) galūne) (Vaskelienė 2019: 212). Čia į galūnę žiū ima ne kai ybos, be da ybos aspek u, aigi a ian ai, besiski ian ys galūne, laikomi ne mo ologiniais be ween c ea i e and mo phological a ian s, see Vaskelienė 2019: 20) 6 De e mina i e du ies o he P . Ska djus called hem p uning, discussing du ian, because hei i s coa decides he second coa (Ska djus 1996 [1943]: 407, 410, plg. U bu is 1961: 68). S aipsniai / A icles 51 Apie kai ku iuos de e mina y inius XIX a. pab. – XX a. p . medicinos e minus dū inius su daik a a diniu an uoju sandu MEDICINOS TERMINAS DŪRINIAI SU DAIKTAVARDINIU ANTRUOJU SANDU The seman ic and g amma ical cen e o Li huanian e ms (as well as simple wo ds) is usually he second syllable, which is de ined in one way o ano he by he i s syllable. Fo mally, mo phologically, he dis inc ion be ween he wo is based on he ela ionship be ween he oo wo d o he second sanda and he pa o he speech. Acco ding o his classi ica ion, one o he main and dominan ypes is he dualis ic wi h a daik a a dine second sound, based on a daik a a dy. The i s syllable o his ype o du ian may be based on o he pa s o he language, so he syllables a e u he subdi ided acco ding o which pa o he language he basic wo d o he i s syllable belongs o (U bu is 1961: 68[…]104; The Commission conside s ha he aid is compa ible wi h he in e nal ma ke wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c) TFEU. The ollowing s uc u al models (see able 1) a e dis inguished om he abo e in e ms o he ype o cons uc ion o he s udy: s uc u al models om: wo nouns (D + D), adjec i e and noun (B + D), e b o ms and noun (V + D), adjec i e and noun (P + D), discussed in mo e de ail below. The second ank based on he nouns o hese sen ences usually de e mines he meaning o he whole sen ence (conc e e o abs ac ), and mos o hese sen ences a e usually he species names o hings ha a e ma ked by he basic nouns o he second ank (See also Keinys 2005 [1983]: 135). One LENTEL. De e mina i e 19 h-cen u y li e a u e […] 20 h-cen u y medical e minology o he dungeons wi h he second wo d o he objec s uc u al models acco ding o he pa o he language o he i s lesson S uc u al model numbe o a ms Pe cen age exp ession (%) D and D 48 67 B + D 14 and 19 V and D 8 11 P + D wo h ee 1.1. A combina ion o wo nouns. In his s uc u al model, he e m meaning o he du s is la gely o med om he meaning o he wo sands, in o he wo ds, oughly coincides wi h he meaning o he e b (al hough, as we will see om he examples discussed below, his coincidence is no o he same deg ee). The second sando depends on he ype o du ian, and he i s , which indica es he ype o du ian, in he ques ion o classi ica ion o 7 b oade du ians. Scalise, Bise o 2005: 319[…]332. This is he i s ime ha he Commission has been able o ob ain a sa is ac o y answe o his ques ion. PALMIRA ZEMLEVIČIŪTĖ 52 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXVIII no s į a dijamojo daik o b uožą, nulemia, kad dū inys eina siau esnės eikšmės by species name. The la e , he de e mining ac o , indica es he ollowing: (1) a ilia ion: • he pa o o gan o he body o which he second wo d e e s: di ksnia inklis […] he mos impo an ne e cen e[…], […]is in he abdomen[…] Z in 1911 107 (: di ksnis […]ne es[…] LKŽe + ne wo k), inpilks a is […]inks o geldelė[…] KS 160 1911 (: ink + abdomen 5. […]linked […] LKŽe). Bo h sides o his du ian a e named a e o gans, and he du ian is named a e he o gan, he name o which is based on he i s side, he s uc u al pa . Acco ding o he Manual o Human Ana omy, he alking pa is usually simila o he jawbone, bu i s shape is e y a ied (ŽA 2005: 200). Figu e 1 shows ha he le e C is pažymė a inks o dalis a odo kiek išlinkusi. Sunku pasaky i, koks bu o knygos au o iaus mo y as enkan is an ojo sando pama u daik a a dį pil as. Gal am u ėjo į akos os dalies o ma, gal lo yniškasis a i ikmuo pel is enalis, o gal isai o he hings? 1 PAV. O he The igh kidney was se e ely cu . 1911 KS 160 8 This and mos o he o mula ions o he meanings o he i s wo ds o o he passages a e based on hese sou ces: U bu is 1961: 68[…]71; Keinys 1983: 135[…]176; LKG I 438[…]472. A icles by A icles 53 Apie kai ku iuos de e mina y inius XIX a. pab. – XX a. p . medicinos e minus dū inius su daik a a diniu an uoju sandu S 1907 142 (skin + a ), belly a S 1907 44 (belly + skin). The skin (epide mis) LKŽe, he as e o he as e o he as e o he as e o he as e o he as e o he as e o he as e The e minological meaning o his du ian can be in e p e ed in wo ways. In he case o he la e , i is assumed ha he la e de i es om he meaning o he e b, bu his hypo hesis is ques ionable. I is likely ha he e b e e s di ec ly o he on pa o he lowe jaw, he jawbone (Zach . 2005: 76), ai, kad os eologijos nomenkla ū oje oks eido kaulas neski iamas. Tad labiau and he e b e e s o he bone o he jawbone (Zach . 1907: 168; Zach . 1903: 373, Zach . 1912: 373, Zach . 1912: 37). LK is ixed only in one meaning o he in es inal ac , bu i is also used in o he medical meanings in he sou ces o he s udy […] […] la ge in es ine […] J 21, 1903 […] exc e ion o he in es ine (p olapsus ani) […] om MTV 36, 1896 […] he in es inal ac […] DN 28 […] (sea […] LK in es ine), […] he maxilla a ba išk i us iš lopšio i su enkus sp andą’ MTV 1898 27, plg. sp andoligė (p. 5) (: sp andas + liga). Šis da inys įdomus uo, kad jo an uoju sandu eina o gano, […] MG 2 […] + 1913 […] he in es inal ac […] mininė eikšmė nu olusi nuo da ybinės, • o which, acco ding o i s o igin, belongs he hing men ioned in he second syllable: balsodēžē ‘o gan abo e he h oa KS 1911 110 (: oice + box). This is a lis o he mos commonly used e ms and de ini ions in he ield o medicine, including diso de s a ec ing he elde ly, mild illness, espi a o y illness, espi a o y illness, espi a o y illness, espi a o y illness, espi a o y illness, espi a o y illness, espi a o y illness, espi a o y illness, espi a o y illness, espi a o y illness, espi a o y illness, espi a o y illness, espi a o y illness, espi a o y illness, espi a o y illness. auplapuliai ‘skiepai nuo aupų’ VL 1891 10 116 (: auplės + pūliai), skil iaka szcziai ‘sk andžio ka š inė’ LAK 1885 57 (: skil is ‘sk andis’ + ka š- čiai 1. ‘ka š inė, ka š ligė, šil inė’ LKŽe); In he case o he la e , he e m 'bone' is used o e e o he pa o he body consis ing o wo pa s: he 'bone' (U 1892) and he 'bone' (U 1892); he 'bone' (U 1892) and he 'bone' (U 1893); he 'bone' (U 1892); he 'bone' (U 1893); he 'bone' (U 1893); he 'bone' (U 1894); he 'bone' (U 1894); he 'bone' (U 1899); he 'bone' (U 1899); he 'bone' (U 1899); he 'bone' (U 1899); he 'bone' (U 1899); he 'bone' (U 1899); he 'bone' (U 1899) Based on he minimum e m PALMIRA ZEMLEVIČIŪTĖ 54 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXVIII con ex in o ma ion: […] ulose giminėse mės ma ome ie galio ligą (hip. disease), nuga kaulio suda ką[…] VL 1890 38 9 i can be assumed ha his is he case apie su nuga a, s ubu u susijusias ligas, o ai pag įs ų kalbamojo dū inio pi mo- jo sando ie as eikšmę ‘juosmuo, s ėnos, pusiaujas’; 2) he species name: • he e m o he species included in he second sen ence o he e m o he ima gal oje: genus men ioned, ne ous diso de s S […] 1907 255 (: di ksnis […] ne ous […] LKŽe + league), d igan ligē (: d igan (l. d ygan ) […]e žilas, kumelys […] LKŽe + league). The ašoma, kad „ a liga użpuola jaunus y us isz użsimanymo su didżiu no u mo e- iszkēs“ MTV 1898 33. Hipo e iškai galima numany i, kad ašoma apie ligą, ku- ollowing is a lis o playe s who ha e played o o ha e had he oppo uni y o 492, play o he eam in he NHL: A. J. O'Conno , B. J. O'Conno , F. J. O'Conno , F. J. O'Conno , F. J. O'Conno , F. J. O'Conno , F. J. O'Conno , F. J. O'Conno , F. J. O'Conno , F. J. O'Conno , F. J. O'Conno , F. J. O'Conno , F. J. O'Conno , F. J. O'Conno , F. J. O'Conno , F. J. O'Conno , F. J. O'Conno , F. J. O'Conno , F. J. O'Conno , F. J. O'Conno , F. O'Conno , F. J. O'Conno , F. O'Conno , F. J. O'Conno , F. O'Conno , F. O'Conno , F. O'Conno , F. O'Conno , F. O'Conno , F. O'Conno , F. O'Conno , F. O'Conno , F. O'Conno , F. O'Conno , F. O'Conno , F. O'Conno , F. O'Conno , F. O'Conno , F. O'Conno , F. O'Conno , F. O'Conno , F. O'Conno and O'Conno . O'Conno , O'Conno , O'Conno , O'Conno , O'Conno , O'Conno , O'Conno , O'Conno , O'Conno , O'Conno , O'Conno , O'Conno , O'Conno , O'Conno , O'Conno , O'Conno , O'Conno , O'Conno , O'Conno , O'Conno , O'Conno , O'Conno and O'Conno , O'Conno , O'Conno , O'Conno , O'Conno , O'Conno , O'Conno , O' which is which is which is which is which is which is which is which is which is which is which is which is which is which is which is which is which is which is which is which is which is which is which is which is which is which is which? The mos common o m o he disease is a disease o he s omach o duodenum, known as icke s, which is ansmi ed by he bi e o a ick. The s uc u e o his compound can be suppo ed as an example by aking he wo d om a simila compound, saldymedis, which, P . Acco ding o Ska dis, i could ha e o igina ed om he sal yb- ee (Ska dis 1996 [1943]: 421). Thus, i would be analogously possible o aise he swee ness o he du ian in he i s d ess […] saldyb-ligė. As you can see, he base o he i s building is a sho ened s one o he basic objec name. Such a basic s em o ma ion is called a simple phone ic basic s em abb e ia ion by V. U bu is (U bu is 2009: 235), sp andoligē ‘mażų aikų liga: a ba supan , a ba nesziojan , a ba jei aikas nu- k in a nuo lopszio, nusik eczia sau sp andą’ MTV 1898 27, ž . sp andakaulis (p. 4) (: sp andas + league), he name o he auklige. he ollowing able is added: […] LKA 1907 79 ( aukai + league) […] LKA 1907 79 ( aukai + league) […] LKA 1907 79 ( aukai + league) […] LKA 1907 79 ( aukai + league) […] LKA 79 […] LKA 79 […] LKA 79 […] LKA 79 […] LKA 79 […] LKA 79 […] LKA 79 […] LKA 79 […] LKA 79 […] LKA 79 […] LKA 79 […] LKA 79 […] LKA 79 […] A icles by A icles 55 Apie kai ku iuos de e mina y inius XIX a. pab. – XX a. p . medicinos e minus dū inius su daik a a diniu an uoju sandu LKA 79 […] LKA 79 […] LKA 79 […] LKA 79 […] LKA 79 […] LKA 79 […] LKA 79 […] LKA 79 […] LKA 79 […] LKA 79 […] LKA 79 […] LKA 79 […] I is he only one o he in es iga i e du s ha can u ēllige ‘u ėlių sukeliama odos liga’ DMS 1912 21 (: u ėlė + liga). be iden i ied wi h he e m meaning o keblu, because i does no di ec ly de i e om he meaning o he basic sandal wo ds ‘ aukų liga. The con ex o he use is no in o ma i e […] he e m is only gi en among he names o o he lis ed diseases, so i is a p oblem o decide which disease is named by he a o emen ioned du ian, he meaning o he e m du ian djio aligė, k upligė, niežligė, opligė, aupleligė comple ely coincides wi h he meaning o he i s wo d o he wo ds […] džio a, k upas, niežai, opa, auplės and […] (plg. U bu is 1961: 71; LKG I 440). Va ious subjec s a e ma ked by he i s sands o o he dungeons. Some o hem a e he names o body pa s and o gans (di ksnis, ches , highs) ha indica e he loca ion o he i em men ioned in he second sen ence. This g oup includes wo ds whose i s syllable is he name o an animal (d igan , ca e pilla , ca e pilla ), a subs ance ( a ) o a p ope y (ca e pilla , ca e pilla ), and which, depending on hei lexical meaning, may be mo e likely o be placed in he ca ego y o wo ds whose i s syllable is a sign. Al hough he e is no one-wo d de ini ion o he seman ic de ini ions o all he abo e-men ioned diseases, he diseases hemsel es a e species names o diseases classi ied on di e en g ounds. he ecu ing seconda y league allows hem o be g ouped in one e m g oup; (3) he cha ac e is ic: • Wha is he subjec ma e o he second sen ence: "Dilge auplės ‘isbė imai an odos dėlei blogo žlebčiojimo" (Dilge auplės ‘isbė imai on he skin o bad w inkles); Ve y i i a ing ashes ha cause nausea and g ea discom o SK 1905 50 (see dilgė dilgėlė 1. ‘A he baceous plan wi h s ems and lea es wi h sp eading hai s (U ica) […] LKŽe + ashes, dilgia aupiai […] ashes in he o m o non-uni o m lumps, seizu e ashes and unaccep able i ching, usually [bo n] om ashes ha do no heal (SK 22 1905 (: dilgė + ashes). The i s sands o hese wo ca es a e based on he same wo d dilgė, and he name gi en o he ca es esembles he leng hening o he plan by which he a o emen ioned sand is named, kai asłoges nom. The e m 'dysen e y' is used in he Uni ed Kingdom o e e o an in lamma ion o he mucous memb anes o ano he o gan. (4) in ended use: • kam judė i (ei i, slink i, ekė i) inka an uoju sandu pasaky as daik as: mēšlaža nē ‘ iesioji ža na’ KS 1911 240 (: mėšlas 2. ‘išma os’ LKŽe + ža na), o ange […] opening be ween he ocal co ds […] KS 1911 278 (: ai + ai ). The e minological meaning o he e m is p obably he same as ha o he wo d "balsodėžė" (see p. 5). In his case, he e m "medicinal" and he e b "medicine" a e e e ences, and he e b "medicine" mos likely e e s o he i s unc ion PALMIRA ZEMLEVIČIŪTĖ 62 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXVIII siu bgįslė ‘ža nos gau elis’ S 1907 245 (: siu bia, siu bė < siu b i + gysla). Šio pe o med by he second e b, so he e b "medicine" is "medicine", "medicine", "medicine", "medicine", "medicine", "medicine", "medicine", "medicine", "medicine", "medicine", "medicine", "medicine", "medicine", "medicine", "medicine", "medicine", "medicine", "medicine", "medicine", "medicine", "medicine", "medicine", "medicine", "medicine", "medicine", "medicine". This is how he disease is desc ibed by his du ian: " his disease is he esul o si ing o a long ime, [...] i begins o pass and ends in abdominal pain; A e an hou 's play, she's in he middle o he oom, like a balloon, and she's using all he middle o he oom, like a ca 's claw. And when you s a walking, you s a building and selling in he middle. The basis o he las wo i s wo ds does no look p oblema ic ob iously hei connec ion wi h he e b o m also he mos likely e ec o he ype o pa icipan . How o ela e he V + D s uc u al model o he du ian sands is shown in ables 2, 3 1.4. Names de i ed om p e e ences and nouns. The e ha e only been wo e sions o his s uc u al model. I 's a bi o a s e ch, bu i 's wo h no ing ha he wo d is de i ed om he G eek wo d o " o be," " o be," " o be," " o be," " o be," " o be," " o be," " o be," " o be," " o be," " o be," " o be," " o be," " o be," " o be," " o be," " o be," " o be," " o be," " o be," " o be," " o be," " o be," " o be," " o be," " o be," " o be," " o be," "be," " o be," " o be," " o be," "be," " o be," "be," " o be," "be," " o be," "be," " o be," "be," "be," " o be," "be," "be," " o be," "be," "be," " o be," "be," "be," "be," " o be," "be," "be," "be," "be," "be," "be," "be," "be," "be," "be," "be," "be," "be," "be," "be," "be," "be," "be," "be," "be," "be," "be," "be," "be," "be," "be," "be," "be," "be," "be," "be," "be," "be," "be," "be," "be," "be," "be," "be." […]wall, pa i ion, pa i ion o he in e io o he LKŽ. The unc ional meaning o hese e bs di e s om he e minological meaning […] bo h e ms li e ally name he o gans o di e en o gan sys ems. By he way, he connec ion be ween he wo can be explained by he connec ion o he i s sando o hese u ns. On he one hand, i would be possible o connec hei epea ing i s sand wi h a p e ix be ween hem. In his case, he s uc u al model o he dungeons would be p e e ed + he name o he objec . On he o he hand, he i s syllable can also be linked o he space o he noun (see U bu is 1961: 103). Then he s uc u al model o hese dungeons would be objec wo d + objec wo d. Howe e , V. U bu is seems o be mo e inclined o associa e he speech sand wi h he p e e ence be ween. Fo example, in he case o du s, whe e he second syllable indica es a pa o he body o an o gan, he i s syllable is conside ed o be an adjec i e wi h a place meaning (see U bu is 1961: 104). In his and he ollowing sen ences, he au ho o he a icle, P. Z. S aipsniai / A icles 63 Apie kai ku iuos de e mina y inius XIX a. pab. – XX a. p . medicinos e minus dū inius su daik a a diniu an uoju sandu O he , o a a con en , by weigh In he publica ions on he subjec o medicine and heal h om he 19 h o he 20 h cen u y, he e a e 72 de e mina i e medical e ms wi h a second noun, which a e no eco ded in he LKZ o in he dic iona y o hei medical meanings. They a e cha ac e ized by ou s uc u al models […] D + D, B + D, V + D and P + D, which co espond o he s uc u e o cu en Li huanian language e ms, as well as wo ds, smoke polinki. The mos common, and he e o e he mos p oduc i e, a e he nouns, bo h o which a e nouns (67% o all he examples examined). The e a e almos i e imes ewe e bs wi h he i s owel as an adjec i e (19%), and e bs wi h he accompanying e b o m and p onoun […] a e qui e a e (11 pe cen and 3 pe cen , Kai ku ių dū inių p iesky a ienam iš minė ųjų modelių gali bū i ak uojama ne iena eikšmiškai, . y. gãlima d ejopai a ne ejopai aiškin i okių dū inių sandų sąsają su iena a ki a kalbos dalimi. espec i ely). The basis and ela ionship o mos o he du ian sands is clea , and he e minological meanings a e easily iden i ied […] hey oughly coincide wi h he meaning o he e bs, al hough he coincidence is some imes no uni o m. In cases whe e i is no so b igh , he con ex o he po is sa ed. The e m "dysen e y" e e s o a medical condi ion in which he body's o gans and issues a e damaged dinimais, no s esama pa ienių dū inių, ku ių sunku nusaky i sandų san ykį i aiškiai pag įs i jų pama inių žodžių pasi inkimą, ad okių dū inių eikšmė ik o o he wise unable o unc ion p ope ly. The i s syllables o he D+D s uc u al model mos o en indica e belonging ( o which pa o he body o o gan he second syllable e e s) and he concep o he species, o a he he sign (by which he subjec is dis inguished om he second syllable), he pu pose ( o which he second syllable e e s) and he simila i y (by which he second syllable is dis inguished). he cha ac e is ic cha ac e is ic o he second wo d is indica ed B + D, V + D s uk ū inių modelių dū inių pi mieji sandai daugiausia nu- by he hing said. I has been ound ha he D + D s uc u al model's du ian sands a e mos commonly associa ed wi h conjuga e owels (dominan owel -a-), a he han wi hou hem (du ian a io 31 and 20), while B + D, V + D and P + D s uc u al model's du ian sands, on he con a y […] bo h sands a e mos ly associa ed wi hou conjuga e owels (du ian a io 10 and 6, 7 i 1, 2 i 0). Ty imas pa odė, kad iš dū inių an aisiais sandais einančių daik a a džių -ligė -liga is he mos ac i e sand o he g oup o species e ms o o m. PALMIRA ZEMLEVIČIŪTĖ 64 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXVIII SHALTINIAI This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion. BOOKS and bookle s BL […] On he illness o syphilis (F ench), acco ding o D . M. Člėno 's shop, edi ed by D . A. V., Tilžė, 1904. BGL […] Būdai o he ea men o non-communicable diseases, iszleido S eiklinkis o he elie o his Li huanian b o he s, 1s edi ion, Tilže, 1895. […] Doc o 's pocke : clea ins uc ions on how o main ain heal h and how o p o ec you sel om disease, wi h many ecipes collec ed om he bes doc o s, edi ed by M. Pal ana ich, Wo ces e Mass, DK: p in ed by M. Pal ana ich, 1908. DMS […] Doc o and he science o heal h: he la es book, Philadelphia, Pa.: published The Philadelphia Medical Clinic, in he yea 1912. […] Doc o s a home, o , T ea men o illness and i s ea men , acco ding o doc o s Basana icius, Vileiszi, Collins, S ou and many o he s K. W. Gediminas, So. DN. This is Bos on, Mass. Published by Gediminas and Micke ičius, 1906. D . Siegmund A. Knop : Jio and he igh agains i : a popula compe i i e dance in Tilžė, 1902. bas, apdo ano as an kong eso Be lyne (24–27 geg. 1899 m.), susi inkusio aps a s y i ko os į ankius su džio a, su aisė D- as A. V., Tilžėje, 1903. GŽK – Kaip apsi eiškia gy as is žmogaus kune? Su aisė pagal Lunke yčių D- as A. V., "Heal h, o , Tiesus and he Sho Way o Heal h", edi ed by D . A. L. G aičiunas, Chicago, Ill., KS, 1911. LP […] Ligonius he F iendly. Guidance o hose who ha e been in con ac wi h he Ligû hemsel es saw he i s help o apply o and his is a good oppo uni y Namû P yp owas F ied ich Adoph Rich e , Leipcikej’ Rik e io Iszleidimo I aisymas (D ukawo os p ie o ge in ol ed wélyjas, F. Ad. This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. MTV […] Medega musu au iszkai ais inykys ai, edi ed by D . J. Basana iczius, is p in ed by […]Di os[…], Shenandoah, Pa, in he yea 1898. NamG – Naminis gydy ojis, pa ašė A. Ai a as, Ryga: lėšos A. Maceje skio, [i.e. 1906] (Ryga: H. Hempel i ko), 1907. NG […] GP: B ie desc ip ion o he wo s diseases and he wo s medicines o comba hem: D. 1. On human diseases and hei ea men , edi ed by D . A. Vileis, Sinai, 1908. The mos common No Gyd – Isz dyka suglaudimas isz D . Ai y’o „No u ôs-gydymo-mokinimo“, a ba ea men o ch onic b onchi is is a single-dose, single-dose, single-dose, double-dose, A icles and a icles 65 Apie kai ku iuos de e mina y inius XIX a. pab. – XX a. p . medicinos e minus dū inius su daik a a diniu an uoju sandu double-dose, double-dose, double-dose, double-dose, double-dose, double-dose, double-dose, double-dose, double-dose, double-dose, double-dose, double-dose, double-dose, double-dose, double-dose, double-dose, double-dose, double-dose, double-dose, double-dose, double-dose, double-dose, double-dose, double-dose, and iple-dose. Heal h, ansla ed om he Ge man by he p ies J. Ge u is [Jonas Bal očius], Kaunas, SŽK […] How o p epa e a human being, w i en by S. M., Plymou h: Pa, 1902. S.L. […] The mos impo an disease o he monkey, by Pe o Ne i, Tilžė, 1886. The mos impo an human diseases, by D . Mikols, Tilje, 1906. Wha you need o know 1907. abou Jiowa, ansla ed om Ge man by D- as Bagdona ičius, Vilnius, Žin […] Zinynas: a book o knowledge om my hology, his o y, e hnog aphy, as onomy, a i hme ic, medicine and o he sciences and hei b anches collec ed om a ious sou ces by J. Laukis [Dominik Kunelik], Chicago, Ill.: […]Auš os[…] books, (Chicago, Ill.: […]Lie u os[…] p ess), LAIKRAŠČIAI 1913. 1911. A […] Dawn o 1915 32418 This is he i s ime I ha e seen his. This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. […] Medicine and na u e MG 1913 2 11. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. […] Ukininkas 1890 4 5; 1891 9 419; 1892 6 234 7; 8 294. […] Ukininkas was bo n in he illage o Ukininkas in he no he n pa o he coun y. V – Va pas 1890 3 38; 10 153; 1891 4 54. VL – Vienybė lie u ninkų 1890 27 4; 28 6; 38 9; 1891 10 115–116. […] The ea h 1909 2 14. Calenda s and calenda s LAK […] Li huanian Ausz os calenda a he ime o 1885, Bi ėnai: Kasz u M. Jankaus and J. Mikszo, in he yea 1885. LK […] Li huanian calenda o he yea ... 1891, Vilnius: Spauda and Kasz u Jůzapo Za adskio, 1890. PALMIRA ZEMLEVIČIŪTĖ 66 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica LXXXVIII (Linguis ic Ac o Li huania) is he law go e ning he use o language in Li huania. LKA […] Li huanian Calenda s o he yea 1907 in Ab uzzo: Tilē: D uck und Ve lag on O o . Maude ode, 1907. LUK […] Li huanian calenda o he yea 1887, in Tilžė: Spauda and kasz a Veye io & A nold, in he yea 1886. S.K. […] Se e us Calenda o he Republic o Li huania, W. F. Se e a Co. Ceda Rapids, Iowa, in he yea 1905. VK […] Vilnius calenda o he yea 1914 in Vilnius: Juozapo Za adzkio p in ing house, 1913. LITERATŪRA Aukso iū ė Albina 2001: L. I inskio mine alogijos naujada ai. – Te minologija 8, 95–111. Aukso iū ė Albina 2015: Naujieji deko a y inių augalų genčių a dai. – Te minologija 22, 61–77. Aukso iū ė Albina 2016: Lie u iški blakių pobū io a dai. – Te minologija 23, 175–194. AV – Ana omijos a dynas [elek oninis iš eklius], au . R. S opus, N. Paužienė, D. H. Pauža, J. Tu ku ienė, E. M. Jakima ičienė, P. Zemle ičiū ė, Kaunas: Lie u os s eika os mokslų uni e si e o Leidybos namai, 2020. Bui ydienė Vaida, Ru kienė Lina 2016: Daba inės echnikos mokslų kalbos lek- sikos hib idizacija. – Bal u iloloģija 25(1), 5–19. P ieiga in e ne e: h ps://dspace.lu.l / dspace/bi s eam/handle/7/38317/Bal u_Filologija_25_1.pd ?sequence=1#page=5. DLKG – Daba inės lie u ių kalbos g ama ika, ed. V. Amb azas, 4-as pa ais. leid., Vilnius: Mokslo i enciklopedijų leidybos ins i u as, 2005. Gai enis Kazimie as, Keinys S asys 1990: Kalbo y os e minų žodynas, Kaunas: Š iesa. Gai enis Kazimie as 2014 [1998]: Apie d i lie u iškų sudu inių e minų se ijas su ais pačiais sandais. – Kazimie as Gai enis. Rink iniai aš ai, Vilnius: Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as, 243–248. Gue a a Emiliano, Scalise Se gio 2009: Sea ching o Uni e sals in Compounding. – S udies in Na u al Language and Linguis ic Theo y 76, ed. by S. Scalise, E. Magni, A. Bise o, Sp inge Science + Business Media B. V., 101–128. Kaulakienė Angelė 2014 [1981]: Sudu iniai e iniai lie u ių poli echnikos e mi- nijoje. – Te minologija. Te minog a ija. Te minija, Vilnius: Technika, 212–223. S aipsniai / A icles 67 Apie kai ku iuos de e mina y inius XIX a. pab. – XX a. p . medicinos e minus dū inius su daik a a diniu an uoju sandu Kaulakienė Angelė 2014 [1983]: Sudu iniai e iniai būd a džiai lie u ių po- li echnikos e minijoje. – Te minologija. Te minog a ija. Te minija, Vilnius: Technika, 224–232. 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On Ce ain De e mina i e Medical Compound Te ms o La e 19 h – Ea ly 20 h Cen u y wi h Noun as he Second Componen Summa y The a icle add esses he de e mina i e compound e ms om he medical and heal hca e publica ions o he la e 19 h and ea ly 20 h cen u ies wi h he noun as he second componen , which do no appea in he Dic iona y o he Li huanian Language o hei medical meanings a e no eco ded in he dic iona y. I discusses hei s uc u al models and a emp s o ind ou wha is designa ed by compound e ms, wha meanings a e con eyed by hei i s componen s, in wha ways he componen s a e combined; I also conside s he p oblema ic ques ions o ela ionship be ween componen s, he choice o base wo ds, e c. A o al o 72 compound e ms demons a ing D + D, B + D, V + D and P + D s uc u al Mos compound e ms models and esponding o he compounding endencies appa en in he e ms and wo ds o Mode n Li huanian we e iden i ied in he s udy. ha e nouns as hei bo h componen s (67% o he examples). The e a e nea ly i e imes ewe compounds ea u ing he adjec i e as he i s componen PALMIRA ZEMLEVIČIŪTĖ 70 The Li huanian Language Ac LXXXVIII 19), whe eas he compounds wi h he e b and he p eposi ion as he i s componen a e e y a e (11% and 3% espec i ely). The a ibu ion o ce ain compounds o one o he abo e models may be a he ambiguous. The base wo ds o mos o he componen s and hei ela ionships a e anspa en , whe eas hei e minological meanings a e easy o iden i y as hey oughly coincide wi h hei wo d- o ma ion meanings. When he coincidence is no so p onounced, he con ex o use is o help. Compounds deno e body pa s, o gans and diseases. The ela ionship be ween componen s is di icul o iden i y, and he choice o hei base wo ds is di icul o subs an ia e in isola ed cases only. As a ule, he i s componen s o he D+D s uc u al model exp ess belonging ( o which body pa o o gan he hing exp essed by he second componen belongs) and he concep o ype. Less commonly, i designa es a ea u e (wha makes he hing exp essed by he second componen dis inc om o he s), pu pose (wha mo emen he hing exp essed by he second componen is in ended o ), and simila i y (wha he hing exp essed by he second componen is simila o). The i s componen s o compounds ea u ing he B + D and V + D s uc u al models mos ly designa e a ea u e cha ac e is ic o he hing exp essed by he second componen . The componen s o compounds ha all unde he D+D s uc u al model a e mo e commonly combined by means o linking owels (wi h he owel a acking he lead) han wi hou hem (p opo ion 31:20), whe eas in he case o he B+D, V+D and P+D s uc u al models, on he con a y, bo h componen s a e usually combined wi hou linking owels (p opo ions 6:6, 10:1, 7:2, 0). The s udy e ealed ha ou o all he nouns used as he second componen o compound e ms, -ligė -liga is he mos ac i e componen in o ming he g oup o e ms exp essing ype/kind. Deli e ed on 28 Ma ch 2023. PALMIRA ZEMLEVIČIŪTĖ Lie u ių kalbos ins i u as This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.