Aurelija Tamulionienė, Nida Poderienė, Sonata Vaičiakauskienė. Lietuvos mokyklų lenkų ir rusų kalba mokinių kalbos vartojimo polinkiai ir kalbinės nuostatos

Re iews o he Re iews o he Re iews o he Re iews o he Re iews IRENA SMETONIENĖ Vilniaus uni e si e as Resea ch a eas include he o ic, s ylis ics, no m heo y and p ac ice, language policy, and cul u al linguis ics. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. Au elija Tamulionienė, Nida Pode ienė, Sona a Vaičiakauskienė, also known as Au elija Tamulionienė, was bo n in Vienna, Aus ia. The Li huanian MOKYKL link Russian-speaking s uden s The use o language Polish and Calab ian The ollowing able is inse ed in Annex I: Vilnius: Li huanian Language Ins i u e, 2023, 178 p. DOI doi.o g/10.35321/e-pub.63. eaching language in Russian ISBN 978-609-411-347-5 This ime I'm going o s a wi h he conclusion ha he eade will immedia ely unde s and ha his is no going o be a e iew ha we' e been looking o o a long ime. We inally ha e. Fo language policy make s, his is a handy book, wi hou which I can' imagine u u e guidelines, alks wi h ep esen a i es o he Minis y o Educa ion, Science and Spo s, na ional associa ions. Fo hose o us who ha e no doub abou wha has been said he e, i will also be he pilla o ou wo k and o ou a ious lec u es, because i is no longe possible o emain silen and hope ha e e y hing will wo k ou on i s own. Cong a ula ions o he au ho s who ha e done a emendous job. You ead page a e page and eel ha i hu s hem, ha hey don' ca e as much abou wha 's happening in Li huanian educa ion and public li e as you go h ough he 34 h The yea o independence. This is a comple ely new and di e en s udy om wha is usually ead in he wo ks o Vilnius Uni e si y colleagues (Lo e os Vilkienė, Lau os Vilkai ė-Lozdienė, Jus inos B užai ės-Liseckienė and o he s). A new, di e en ques ionnai e and analysis o he answe s is gi en o he linguis ic p o isions he e. A good o e iew o he esea ch allows you o unde s and he heo e ical basis o he esea che s, bu he heo ies a e no ollowed blindly, he ma e ial is sough IRENA SMETONIENĖ 342 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica XC would dic a e obse a ions and summa ies. The same can be said o he me hodology. I is based on he clea […] heo e ical basis o Howa d Giles' concep o e hnolinguis ic i ali y, bu app op ia e quali a i e me hods a e also used in he p ocessing o su ey da a. A he beginning o he s udy, he eade inds impo an s a is ics: how many and in wha yea s he e we e pupils in he na ional communi y schools, as well as he numbe o o he s. I is e y impo an o p o ide in o ma ion on he educa ion o pupils om e hnic communi ies in o he Bal ic coun ies, as well as an o e iew o simila esea ch. When we alk abou educa ion, all eyes a e on he eache s -- hey ha e his hea y bu den on hei shoulde s, bu li le is said abou he p oblems aced by eache s in hese schools, wha kind o help hey need. We ead abou his in he i s chap e o his s udy. The au ho o he i s pa is pleased wi h he summa y hough ha […] he e a e Li huanian language eache s wi h ex ensi e expe ience in e hnic mino i y schools, who a e ac i ely in ol ed in he educa ional p ocess bo h as c ea o s and as shape s o educa ional con en , who a e able o choose app op ia e o ms o educa ion and c i ically e alua e educa ional con en and ma e ials[…] (p. 23). Howe e , he p oblems aised by eache s encou age conce n abou he g ow h o he younge gene a ion, i hei ocabula y is poo , he e is a lack o mo i a ion o lea n Li huanian, Li huanian language s uden s hea only h ough Li huanian language lessons. I is unlikely ha he si ua ion would imp o e i ep esen a i es o schools and he adminis a ion, eache s o o he subjec s, who would encou age and in ol e pupils in e en s, p ojec s, o he c ea i e ac i i ies ca ied ou in he Li huanian language, came o he escue. O cou se, he language o he s uden s is also in luenced by he en i onmen ( amily, iends, online sea ches, mo ies, music, games, books). As he eache s who pa icipa ed in he s udy claim, " he absence o a posi i e en i onmen is di ec ly co ela ed wi h poo s uden ocabula y" (p. 25), bu no only eache s bu also poli icians a e powe less o be a ec ed by he en i onmen . The chap e p esen s a ious me hodologies on how o encou age pupils o lea n, how o sol e p oblems a e discussed by he eache s hemsel es, bu in he absence o amily suppo , he mo i a ion o he igh u o s canno be c ea ed by one eache […] […]M]o ecei e le alone[…] (p. 36). The o he wo sec ions o he s udy, which analyze pupils' su eys, hei pe sonal ela ionship wi h hei mo he ongue and he Li huanian language, a e pa icula ly in e es ing and aluable. When i comes o pupils lea ning Polish, i is expec ed ha hey speak only Polish a home, bu he s udy showed ha less han hal o he pupils speak Polish a home, a hi d a e bilingual o mul ilingual, and a i h speak Russian a home (p. 79). Language, as we know, shapes cul u e, shapes alues, shapes hinking, so his kind o da a has o make e e yone submissi e: poli icians, shape s o language policy, he unques ioned pa o socie y, by he way, and he Polish communi y. The in luence o he pa en s, a leas in he younge age, is g ea : […][T]he pa en s adop an open o ole an iew o people, pass on and main ain adi ions, cul i a e mo ali y Au elija Tamulionienė, Nida Pode ienė, Sona a Vaičiakauskienė. She is also known o he wo k in he ilm "The Gi l wi h he D agon Ta oo". Language endencies and language p o isions o Li huanian schools in Polish and Russian Re iews o 343 p ope ies, o mula es p o isions on he need o lea ning, de elops li es yle habi s, de e mines he quali y o daily li e, housing. pupils base hei no ms, e hical alues on he alues o med by hei pa en s […] (p. 47), […][Š]heimos kalba p e ails in mos a eas o daily pupil li e […] in communica ion wi h pa en s, siblings and g andpa en s, in wa ching ele ision p og ammes, in playing games, in a ending se ices and in many o he con ex s o amily language consump ion[…] ( en pa el). A en ion should be paid o ables 6 and 7, which languages a e used o communica e wi h iends, social ne wo ks, w i e messages, and ables 10 and 11, which languages a e used o wa ch mo ies and b owse he In e ne . And mos impo an ly, in his medium ( om he amily o he In e ne ) he e a e so many Russian-speaking Polish amilies? Wha a joy and wha oppo uni ies open up o un iendly neighbo s! And when i comes o he use o he Li huanian language, he esea che s see ha […][I]sky us eading, in all o he a eas o linguis ic ac i i y, he scope o use o he Li huanian language is e y na ow[…] (p. 61), al hough he s uden s hemsel es emphasize ha i is impo an o speak Li huanian well, so ha you can communica e e e ywhe e, ge a good job, so he language has a high social alue. Howe e , in hese schools oo, English is becoming mo e and mo e aluable, and he olde he pupils, he mo e English occupies a pa o hei daily li e and he mo e hey use i . S uden s s udying in Russian in Ugandan schools answe ed he same ques ions o he esea che s somewha di e en ly: […][ ]aikai mos o en indica ed ha hey speak Russian a home e e y day (90 pe cen ), e y a ely […] Li huanian (1 pe cen ), ha hey use se e al languages […] Russian and Li huanian, indica es only 5 pe cen o s uden s, ha hey speak Polish, ma ked 0.6 pe cen o s uden s[…] (p. 83). Essen ially, Russian is he only language used o communica e wi h iends, on social ne wo ks, o ead books, i domina es he selec ion o ilms, and his […][I]n o ma ion on he In e ne is almos always sea ched in h ee languages: he majo i y (69%) in Russian, 15% in Li huanian, 14% in English and in some cases (2%) in Polish [...] […] (p. 98). 70% o s uden s unde s and ha li ing in Li huania equi es lea ning he Li huanian language, bu i is mo e impo an o lea n English, because i is ashionable. I is also necessa y o commend he au ho s o he e y clea and logical s uc u e o he s udy, he indi idual pa s o which a e linked by he same au ho s' goal and idea. Indi idual pa s o he s udy a e based on scien i ic esea ch, hus gi ing he s udy weigh and eliabili y. Wha is a ac i e is ha all he answe s a e discussed in de ail, conclusions a e d awn and, e y impo an ly, ecommenda ions a e made on how o sol e he p oblems ha ha e a isen. e y aluable summa ies o chap e s, hey gi e ise o a lo o hough s, e lec ions. The au ho modes ly w i es who migh bene i om such an in es iga ion. I hink i 's in aluable, and as I said, i 's a mus - ead o e e yone. F om wha pupils and eache s say, i is easy o see wha he s a egies o educa ion and language policy should be, wha o do so ha he Li huanian language occupies a p ope place in he schools o na ional communi ies. I hink o all o us (and he Polish communi y) IRENA SMETONIENĖ 344 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica XC i is necessa y o pay a en ion o he domina ion o he Russian language, because ou goal om he e y es o a ion o independence […] in hese a eas o li e he e should be a lo o Li huanian language, no any o he . So, he s udy o science causes a lo o hough s and his is i s good quali y. I would ask he au ho s o con inue he wo k hey ha e s a ed so well, and I hink such a s udy would be impo an in Li huanian schools, so ha we could see he eal language si ua ion he e as well. The s udy is he au ho 's wo k. The ideas i con ains can be discussed, some nuances can be cla i ied, bu his has o be ans e ed o con e ences, semina s, discussion e en s, and now we ha e o say ha we ha e a g ea job, I would sugges ha e e yone ead i and hink abou i ... Deli e ed on 6 May 2024 IRENA SMETONIENĖ Vilniaus uni e si e as Facul y o Philology Ins i u e o Peace ul Languages Depa men o Li huanian Language Uni e si y g. 5, LT-01131 Vilnius, Li huania i ena.sme [email p o ec ed] This is a lis o uni e si ies in Li huania.