Der Name Leipzig und die Germanische Lautverschiebung

70 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica XC JÜRGEN UDOLPH Cen e o Name Resea ch […] Gö ingen Lowe Saxony Academy o Sciences o The Gö ingen ORCID id: o cid.o g/0000-0002-8475-7857 Scien i ic esea ch a eas: his o ical linguis ics, wa e names, place names, amily names. I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . The name Leipzig And he Ge man B oadcas ing I 's called he Ge man P ebalsi Pe kai a. The anno a ion This a icle is abou he e ymology o he place name Leipzig. Fo a long ime i has been assumed ha he Sla ic wo d lipa […]Linde[…] is he basis. A close examina ion o his o ical w i ings such as Libzi and o he s, especially by Thie ma o Me sebu g, who mas e ed Sla onic, led o a co ec ion o he e ymology. Howe e , i has no ye been obse ed whe he Ge manic ibes lea ned his name be o e o a e he e ec o he i s o Ge manic sound shi . Bu his is c ucial o he ques ion o which Indo-Ge manic g oup o wo ds can be conside ed he basis o he place name. SCHLÜSSELWÖRTER: Leipzig, place names, Ge man p onuncia ion, e ymology. The anno a ion The a icle deals wi h he e ymology o he place name Leipzig. Ini ially, i was widely belie ed ha he Sla ic wo d lipa […]linden ee[…] o med i s basis. Howe e , a close examina ion o his o ical spellings, especially hose ci ed by Thie ma on Me sebu g, who was luen in Sla ic, such as Libzi and o he s, p omp ed a eassessmen . Ne e heless, no a en ion has been paid so a o whe he Ge manic ibes adop ed his name be o e o a e he onse o he Ge manic sound shi . This aspec is c ucial in de e mining which Indo-Eu opean wo d g oup can be iewed as he basis o he place name. KEYWORDS: Leipzig, place names, Ge manic sound shi , e ymology, Indo-Eu opean. S aipsniai A icles 71 and 71 De Name Leipzig und die Ge manische Lau e schiebung This is an in oduc ion. Fo decades, i was assumed ha he place name Leipzig was Sla ic. *Lip-sken s and and can be associa ed wi h he bes a es ed wo d in he Sla ic languages lipa […]Linde[…]. This hesis wen h ough he s udy o names and his o y since he beginning o a scien i ic p eoccupa ion wi h geog aphical names and was s ill (1999: 180). The la e sums up he in e p e a ion as ollows: bis zum Ende des 20. Jah hunde s e e en. Man denke nu s ell e e end an die A bei en on E ns Eichle , Hans Wal he (1986: 165) und Die e Be ge […]The name 1459 Leipczigk, 1350 Lipzcik, 1213 Lipzc, Lipz is Ge manized om slaw. *Lipć o *Lip ́sk[o], he name o he So bian se lemen (1012-18 in u be Libzi oca a = ci y named in Libzi. This name belongs o aso b. Lipa […]Linde[…] and means […]Place whe e linden g ows[…]. A u ning poin o his iew occu ed when one u ned mo e closely o he oldes e idence o he place name, especially wi nessed by Thie ma o Me sebu g (975-76-1018), who appa en ly had knowledge o he Sla ic language (s). 1. Thie ma 's siege and dea h Co ec ion o he Bishop ic This is he i s ime ha he Commission has unde aken o p esen a epo on he s a e o play in his a ea o Pa liamen . The iew ou lined he e was undispu ed un il abou 25 yea s ago. A u ning poin occu ed when he oldes adi ion o he name was examined mo e closely: his includes he documen men ioned by D. Be ge om 1012-18 Libzi, which comes om Thie ma o Me sebu g, who is ce i ied o ha e good knowledge o he Sla ic language. The his o ical e idence wi h -b led o a e ision o he Sla ic lipa/Linden e ymology. This e ised e sion o he old Lipa decla a ion, in which one p oceeds om an app oach o Libund no Lip(a), is based on a ca e ul 1 The hough s abou he place names o Leipzig, whe e I was allowed o wo k o almos en yea s, also led me back o he ime. These we e he mos scien i ically pleasan yea s o me, which could also be so success ully designed hanks o he ui ul coope a ion wi h he s ill li ing Leipzige name esea che s Die lind K eme ( o whom I am pa icula ly g a e ul), Ka lheinz Hengs and Wal e Wenzel. JÜRGEN UDOLPH 72 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica XC also known as Ac a Linguis ica Taking in o accoun he his o ical e idence o he place name, which Be nd Koeni z (2016: 443[…]446) has compiled. I o e he oldes o hem: 1015 (1015-18) in he U be Libzi oca u (Thie ma VII 25) 1017 (1017-18) aecclesia in Libzi (Thie ma VII 66) also known as he Chu ch o Libzi 1017 (10 17 18) in he U be Libizi oca u (Thie ma o Co eye manusc ip VII) 25) 1021 (copy a ound 1300, la e o al o ge y) oppidum Libziki (UB Me sebu g 60) This is he i s ime I' e seen i . 1050 (copy o 1427-30) in bu cua do Libizken (UB Me sebu g 71) 1080 (copy o 1150) usque Libiz (Annales Pega ienses 241) 1088/89 (copy o 1150) Libiz oppidum (Annales Pega ienses 266) This is he i s ime ha his has happened. 1165/70 (Kopie um 1215) Lipz (Codex diploma icus Saxoniae I 2,372; II 8,2) 1185 Albe us de Libz e a e suus bu zlaus (Codex diploma icus Saxoniae I 2,510) 1190 (Ac um e da um) in Lipz (Codex diploma icus Saxoniae I 2,560) 1195 in Lipzk (Codex diploma icus Saxoniae I 2,561) 1200 in ci i a e nos a Lipz (Codex diploma icus Saxoniae I 3,48) 1210 (copy a ound 1229) ci i a em Lipczk (Codex diploma icus Saxoniae I) This is he i s ime ha a copy o he Codex has been published. 3,148) 1212 apud Libuiz unda i (Codex diploma icus Saxoniae II 9,1) 1213 in Lipz, Lipzc (Codex diploma icus Saxoniae II 9,2; II 9,3) 1215 in Lipz (Codex diploma icus Saxoniae I 3,207) 1216 Lipzenses, -ium, -ibus (Codex diploma icus Saxoniae II 8,3) This is he i s ime ha he da e has been changed. 1216 Johannes Miles de Lipzc (UB Me sebu g 162) was bo n in he ci y o Leipzig, Ge many. 1217 in ci i a e Lipzc (Codex diploma icus Saxoniae II 9,4) 1219 quod ipse apud Lybzek unda i (Codex diploma icus Saxoniae II 9,6) This is he i s ime ha he ex has been ansla ed in o English. 1220 Lipz (2x) (Codex diploma icus Saxoniae II 9,7) be o e 1221 Lipzensi, in Lipzc (Codex diploma icus Saxoniae II 9,8) 1221 ad oca us de Lipz (Codex diploma icus Saxoniae I 3,289) 1221 in Lipzc (Codex diploma icus Saxoniae II 9,8) 1222 in Lipck (Codex diploma icus Saxoniae II 9,8) 1222 in Lipzk (Codex diploma icus Saxoniae II 1,92) This is he i s ime ha his has happened. 1224 Eckeha dus p eposi us de Lipz (UB Me sebu g 185) a ound 1225 Libzke, Lipzke (Eike on Repgau, Sachsenspiegel) 1229 ci i as Lipczk (Codex diploma icus Saxoniae I 3,148) 1231 in Lipz (Codex diploma icus Saxoniae II 10,3) This is he i s ime ha his has happened. 1232 Lipzic (Codex diploma icus Saxoniae II 9.10) This is he i s edi ion o he Codex. 1236 Lipzk, Lipzc (Codex diploma icus Saxoniae II 9,11) This is he i s ime ha he Codex has been published. 1240 Lipizk (3x) (Codex diploma icus Saxoniae II 9.13) This is he i s ime ha he Codex has been published. 1248 Lipzc (Codex diploma icus Saxoniae II 10,10) This is he i s ime ha he Codex has been published. S aipsniai A icles 73 and 73 De Name Leipzig und die Ge manische Lau e schiebung 1252 in Lipsk (Codex diploma icus Saxoniae II 1,162) 1255 in Lipsk (Codex diploma icus Saxoniae II 8,4) 1259 ci i as Lipz (Codex diploma icus Saxoniae II 10,12) 1268 in Lypzk (Codex diploma icus Saxoniae II 8,6 .) This is whe e you can b eak o . The u he adi ion only occasionally shows a -b w i ing. This lis essen ially co esponds o 12-14 and Eichle , Wal he (2010: 129 .). eben alls um assenden Sammlungen his o ische Belege bei Wal he (2009: The new iew o hings was ini ially ep esen ed p ima ily by E. Eichle and K. Hengs . The ollowing is an o e iew o he cou se o e en s. Ko ek u en, die o allem on Leipzige Namen o sche n o genommen In a lec u e gi en by K. Hengs in Leipzig in 2000 ( e e ence by Eichle 2001: he -b 28, Anm. 26; auch nähe ausge üh bei Hengs 2010: 134) au die Bedeu ung insc ip ions poin ed ou and la e also w i en abou i (Hengs 2003: 165 .): "Today's s a e o esea ch is di e en : he ea ly documen a y e idence o Leipzig sugges s, a e ho ough examina ion, a he an o iginal p e-Sla ic o m o a wa e name o an idealized Eu ope. Fo mo e in o ma ion on his oo , see: Udolph, 1990, 136139. This is he i s ime I' e seen you. In his con ex , K. Hengs poin s o he con ibu ion o E. Eichle (2001: 28 .), in which he also concludes on he basis o he ea ly -b o ms on a p e-Sla ic app oach *Libьcь > Libc, p onounced Lipc. which can be linked o an Indo-Ge manic-Al eu opean oo *leb/*līb and he las o idg. […]le[…]-le[…]- […]ge ing, lowing, d ipping[…] is shown. […] E. Eichle e e s o he appella i e s ock o his oo as K. Hengs e e s o Jü gen Udolph 1990: 136 . These concep s we e hen also inco po a ed in o he His o ische O snamenbuch on Sachsen (HONBS I 577 .) in 2001: […]The oldes w i ings wi h *Lib can be w i en on an aeu . (idg.) oo *le(b)- ‘g ow, low and hus on a GewN *Le-bbe uhen, which is o *Libslawized and wi h slaw. Su ixes such as -c- (-code -ica) ha e been ex ended. Tha would be ON wi h he slaw. The su ix […]skum is o med and slaw. *lipa […]Linde[…] was based on: aso. "Lipsk" o "Lippa Linde" and so on. - Sk- […] Linden place. […] Wha a e you doing? Howe e , he oldes documen s also allow ano he basic o m wi h he same meaning, namely aso. Lipc, olde han Lipc. By diph hongizing he i o he s em syllable and inse ing an i be ween he consonan and he -k su ix, he cu en o icial name was c ea ed. This iew has hen become widely accep ed, i is subs an ia ed in de ail by Wal he (2009: 14), whe e i is assumed ha […] he name change o *Lib(i)z > *Lip ́ske s in he las hi d o he 12 h cen u y. o he cen u y, JÜRGEN UDOLPH 74 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica XC d.h. a e he ounding o he ci y a ound 1165, will ha e occu ed. The iew is also ound in he co esponding lemma in he Ge man Book o Places (2012: 359) and in Eichle (2007: 82), which emphasize: "Since Thie ma on Me sebu g e y ca e ully ep oduces he Sla ic sounds and he oldes insc ip ions -buildings, one mus calcula e wi h an old wa e name *Lib, which is also common in Eu ope o wa e names and can also be ound he e, as well as wa e names in his a ea such as Luppe, Pa he, Pleiße, e c. Appa en ly so. They a e o he same o igin. A summa y o he discussion in Leipzig, in pa icula E. Eichle , K. Hengs 's p e ious explana ion, which was based mainly on he -p-con aining name documen s and de eloped on he basis o he -b-con aining ea ly sou ce documen s und H. Wal he be eilig wa en, gib Wal he 2009. Man ko igie e die he e ymology al eady men ioned abo e, which led o a oo *leibh ( his app oach mus , howe e , be included in he oo s a emen , see below). Finally, Wal he (2009) and Eichle (2010: 129-133) o e a new in e p e a ion and a numbe o o he new poin s o iew. The la e suspec ha he app oach o Lib[i]z is less a wa e Eine aus üh liche Da legung de P oblema ik des Namens einschließlich name han a he a […] i e - ich, slippe y, clay a ea[…] and empha ically poin o he wa e ichness o he a ea nea Leipzig. A ew pages u he on, Hengs (2010: 135) has also w i en abou he Leipzige ich in wa e cou ses. Landscape indica ed. 2. A coun e -mo emen : can Unde he Wa ch ul Eye o -B w i ings NOT DOCH I is a Sla ic e ymology. Wha do you hink hey' e doing? O cou se, you can y […] and you also ha e […] he name Leipzig including he old documen s wi h -like Libzi, Libizi e c. om he Sla ic language. This possibili y has been discussed by K. Hengs ea ly on and he ema ks (Hengs 2010: 135): "So he ques ion a ises again whe he Sla ic o e s any possibili y o explain he b- o ms in he ea ly adi ion o he place name Leipzig". He discusses a numbe o Sla ic oo s ha migh come in o ques ion unde ce ain ci cums ances, bu inally concludes (2010: 137): "The ON Leipzig s ands o a suspec ed ini ial o m o aso. I 's called Lib-cim. The e's absolu ely no oom o language. S aipsniai / A icles 75 De Name Leipzig und die Ge manische Lau e schiebung The same opinion was exp essed by Wal e Wenzel (2017: 171): "Since he Sla ic language did no ha e a oo "libnachweisen", which would be app op ia e o he name, [...] Ka lheinz Hengs econs uc ed a Ge manic name "Lībja" in a i e - ich a ea". Sla s adop ed he name a e W. Wenzel, in eg a ing i in o he Sla ic name sys em and wi h he su ix u slaw. - I saw i . Thus, a e he loss o he educed owels, "Libsk", "Libsk" was o med, hen by alignmen o "b" o "s" "Lipsk". I'm no going o lie o you. Agains hese and simila opinions, B. Koeni z (2016) has ehemen ly objec ed in he nomencla u e in o ma ion, which is al eady clea in he i le o his con ibu ion: […]Leipzig […] he o igin o he name is pu ely Sla ic! […] Koeni z […] ollowing he ecen esea ch […] om he -b-con aining e idence and sees in hem an al so bic basic o m […]Libci[…]*Libce, o med as he plu al o a single name on he basis o […]clib, a lean, weak, meek human being[…]. He a emp s his explana ion by a se ies o simila ly s uc u ed and seman ically compa able Czech place names on he one hand and by his o ical e idence o he oo *libin o se e al Sla ic languages on he o he . In addi ion, Koeni z doub s ha la e o ms o he name, he -zik-, -zk-, -zigusw. o iginally con ained he su ix -skwide spiegeln. I is a he an ea ly al e na i e diminu i e o m o "Libki," which ex ends he cha ac e o he oponym as a nickname, wi h he o ms "Lipsk" and "Lipsko" o mode n Polish, So bian and Czech p obably he esul o he in e p e a ion o (w i en and spoken) Ge manized o ms om he 14 h cen u y. I 's he cen u y. Indi idually, i e poin s speak agains he in e p e a ion wi h one -b-con aining app oach: 1. The wo- old Thie ma sch no a ion […]Libzi> does no lea e on he Close he name o m *Libc. 2. The e idence o Libyans, Libyans a Thie ma look s ongly a e Sla s Plu al o ms. 3. The possibili y o a Sla ic e ymology was ejec ed only e y gep ü und o schnell zuguns en eines o slawischen, nu ekons uie en lee ingly (Ge manic) wa e wo ds. 4. Ob iously, he sea ch in he Sla ic language was also limi ed om he ou se o he aspec o he po en ially name-gi ing […] especially he […] low-wa e - ich[…] […] e ain. A de i a ion om a pe sonal name o a pe sonal name was no conside ed. JÜRGEN UDOLPH 76 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica XC Koeni z's own p oposal, as al eady no ed, is o associa e he place name wi h a (Sla ic) pe sonal name. Libzi is o be explained as Libci and wi h an o iginal nomina i e plu al *Libci o al so bic *libc < *libcj < leane , weake [o.ä.] Mensch < o.ä. o connec . Acco ding o Koeni z, he Czech place name Slabce is a compa a i e name. I 's called a "weakling". K. Hengs commen ed on his iew a li le la e and ini ially emphasized ha "in he Sla ic oponymy om Rügen o he Black Sea as well as be ween he U als and no heas e n Ba a ia [...] no compa able geog aphical name wi h a base *libzu [sei] can be ound", and i is he e o e likely ha Sla s ook o e he name and did no c ea e i (Hengs 46 2016: 2). In he u he cou se o his a icle, he discusses he ques ion o whe he a Sla ic geog aphical o se lemen name wi h a his o ical adi ion could be ound, wi h he help o which a p oo o Sla ic could be ound. *lib could be occupied in he oponymic a ea. The Sla ic oo *libъ wi h he dazzling meaning […]weak, unsigh ly, lean, a -poo […] as well as wi h di e en ep esen a ions in he indi idual Sla ic languages has been well known o abou a cen u y as a legacy om he Sla ic pe iod. Bu wha is s ill missing is a oponym exac ly o his *libъ. I esea ch can e eal such a hing, he p obabili y inc eases d ama ically ha he o iginal Sla ic name o m o ou p esen name Leipzig can also be associa ed wi h i and hus he e is an o iginal Sla ic name […] (ibid.: 463). Bu despi e his es ic ion, K. Hengs essen ially accep s he p oposal o B. Koeni z and sees i as "a esilien Sla ic s a ing poin o he ON Leipzig" (ibid.: 475). A sho con ibu ion. He and B. Koeni z conside he assump ion o a Ge manic and o Sla ic composi e *Liby o *Liby(o) ‘Loca ion in an a ea wi h abundan i e wa e o be ques ionable and accep i s Al so bic app oach *Libys se lemen o he weak, Kumme lings o an U sla ic app oach *libys ‘weak, hin, sickly o also Diese Au assung olg im Wesen lichen auch W. Wenzel (2016) in einem ‘Se lemen o a Liby amily ́c ́ wi h *Liby as a pe sonal name. This in e p e a ion is u he suppo ed by he Russian su names Liba, Libo and aking in o accoun he Czech place names S udce, T ubce, Chylec, e c. I would like o ask he P esiden -in-O ice o he Council whe he he is p epa ed o accep he amendmen s abled by he Commi ee on Economic and Mone a y A ai s and Indus ial Policy. Se lemen o he Libc amily. Bu he ques ion a ises: does a Sla ic e ymology wi h an app oach o *Lib- con ince? Das is mi hohe Wah scheinlichkei deshalb aglich, weil Ve gleichsnamen ehlen. Mi Rech ha Koeni z (2016: 441 da au e wiesen, dass die ühe S aipsniai A icles 77 and 77 De Name Leipzig und die Ge manische Lau e schiebung The gene ally accep ed combina ion o he name Leipzig wi h he Sla ic lipa […]Linde[…] […] has been suppo ed by enough o he ON in he Sla ic en i onmen (Czech, Polish, Uppe and Lowe So bian, Polish, c . Hey: 1893: 250). Howe e , one mus also ask onesel whe he his is also he case in he case o Leipzig ( om an app oach wi h -b). And he e o e has also been epea edly e e ed om he o he side o he lack o con incing Sla ic compa a i e names, compa e Hengs 2010: 137 and Wenzel 2017: 171. B. Koeni z ied o sol e his p oblem by d awing on possible Name pa allels o be ound. In o de o a i e a a conclusi e answe , i makes sense o look a a collec ion o geog aphical names ha has been eely a ailable on he In e ne o abou wo yea s. I ha e epea edly e e ed o his collec ion o abou 450,000 names, mos o which a e o Sla ic o igin (see, o example, Udolph 2021, 2022, 2022a, 2023). I is a ailable on he In e ne on he websi e h ps: www.adw- e wal ung. Uni-goe ingen.de o place name o images_ligh box.php can be accessed. I is ad isable o look he e o Sla ic geog aphical names ha could poin o an app oach o Lib and hus con ain clues o a possible Sla ic e ymology. The yield is conside able. The ollowing species a e included in his ca ego y: Lab ado e iculi, Lab ado e iculi, Lab ado e iculi, Lab ado e iculi, Lab ado e iculi, Lab ado e iculi, Lab ado e iculi, Lab ado e iculi, Lab ado e iculi, Lab ado e iculi, Lab ado e iculi, Lab ado e iculi, Lab ado e iculi, Lab ado e iculi, Lab ado e iculi, Lab ado e iculi, Lab ado e iculi, Lab ado e iculi, Lab ado e iculi, Lab ado e iculi, and Lab ado e iculi.This is a lis o he species included in his ca ego y. As a as he lis ing o he names eco ded in he In e ne ile is conce ned. The abundance makes i clea ha he assump ion ha he place name Leipzig can be aced back o a Sla ic app oach wi h -b has no ye been used wi h a Libi , Libi z, Libni z, Libniza, Liboń, Liboměřice, Libos á y, Libo a, Libouchec, mul iple In e ne ile. An examina ion o he nume ous names now e eals, howe e , ha he numbe o hose who, in a con ex wi h he Sla ic assumed he e o p esen a comple e analysis o all he names, bu i is possible o wo k ou di e en g oups, which o e y di e en easons dem zu Ve ügung s ehenden O snamenma e ial gep ü wo den is . Die hie Ansa z ü Leipzig s ehen könn en, e heblich sch ump . Es is nich möglich, JÜRGEN UDOLPH 78 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica XC in no con ex wi h he app oach *Lib ́cě ‘se lemen o he weak, Kümme linge o ‘se lemen o a amily Lib ́c ́ wi h *Libьcь as a pe sonal name can be b ough . When lis ing he names, I do no gi e exac sou ces, hey can all be iewed and checked in he In e ne ile. The ollowing g oups can be iden i ied: 1. The ollowing names a e o med wi h o he su ixes, so ha a connec ion is unlikely: Libano o, place name in Macedonia (Vasme 1970: 206); Liebelose, Libelose, wa e name in Ho s (Eas e n Pome ania), 1180, 1208 Ni lose, 1618 LeweloseFluss is loca ed in he sou he n pa o he coun y. (Bosse om 1939). 2.O he o igin o de i ed om pe sonal names a e he ollowing: Names and add esses Libbich, Ge man name (Ganslewei 1982: 190 .); Libe ec and Reichenbe g, Libe k (P o ous 1949: 582 .); also known as Libe ec and Reichenbe g Libocho á Dolní and Ho ni, place names in Mo a ia, 1350 illam Lubcho , 1366 Lybochau and he like. (Hosák, Š ámek 1970: 527) This a icle is pa o a se ies on he subjec . Libocho ice, Libucho á, Libucho ka, Libusza, Libuše, Libušin and o he s. This is a lis o he municipali ies o he Czech Republic. a e ecognizably de i ed om pe sonal names; Liebieżka, Libiszka, wa e names in he a ea o he Wa a/Wa he, a e also de i ed om pe sonal names (Riege , WolniczPawłowska 1975: 78); This also applies o Libišany, place name nea Pa dubice (Czech Republic), 1436 Libšany (P o ous 1949: 591), Libí , place name nö dl. I 's called Böhm. Budweis, 1484 om Libie i, 1485 om Libie i and so on. (ibid.), Lubiana, om he D.T. Libbehne, 1337 Llaben, 1352 Libene and he like. (see NMP VI 189 .), Lib ažd, place name and dis ic in Albania (Zaimo 1967: 179); Lib an owa, place name in sou he n Poland, 1347 Pa ambam Elb andi, 1350 de Po amba, u sp ünglich Po ęba Elb anda ode Hildeb anda (NMP VI 100 .), Lib ówka, place name nea Nowy Sącz, de i ed om a pe sonal name Libe (Pawłowski 1975: 52). The su name Liban ́ in Ca pa hian Uk aine was de eloped om *Lebán ́ja acco ding o M. V. Bank (1971: 65). Libějice, a place name in Bohemia, is in he 13 h, 14 h and 15 h cen u ies. Jh. is e e ed o as Lubějo ici, Libějo ici and is de i ed om *Libějo ice acco ding o An onín P o ous 1949: 580. Ano he o igin is also Libouchec, place and wa e name no h o Ús í nad Labem, 1169 Lupuhce (P o ous 1949: 600 .). O en in he coun ies occupied by Sla s oday and in he pas , place names and wa e names, whose younge o ms a e linked o Libau de elopmen s om L(j)ubzu ückgehen (also men ioned by Hengs 2009: Liběcho , also Libín, moun ain 26). Hie können genann we den: nea P acha ice, he e also wa e name Liběcho ka, p obably o connec wi h he place name Libín. Acco ding o P o oe (1949: 590) his is de i ed om a pe sonal name Liba, o S aipsniai A icles 85 and 85 De Name Leipzig und die Ge manische Lau e schiebung Lba, igh ibu a y o he Obscha (→ Meža → Wes liche Düna D ina), Poland. Lba, Łba (Wd G III 155), also known as Lba. I am no awa e o any in e p e a ion. 10. Lìbė, Libe, i e names in Li huania and La ia, go o Aleksand as Vanagas (1981: 188) is p obably e e ing o L[…]bia. He suspec s a connec ion wi h Li huanian liba […]s o e e , s ammle […] and le . I'm no going o lie o you. I'm no going o lie o you. The s ange sugges ion may ha e been ela ed o ce ain sounds o he wa e . I hink i makes mo e sense o assign he name oge he wi h he names lis ed he e o he g oup o wo ds men ioned below in G eek λείβω […] ampling, pou ing, pou ing ou d inking cup[…]. O he declining o ma ions, which a e common in - de i a i es […] bu a e no always ound in wa e names, such as Alle , Ode , Ede , e c. a e ound mainly in Wes e n Eu ope: 11. Lib a, i e name nea Reims, (abou 950) ex illa, ha oca u Canoella (No e o he publishe : Pe haps Cau el), secus Lib am i olum si a [...] la gi e e luens, p o eo quod an umdem ue i emp us, Lib a ocaci u (MGH SS( ) XXXVI 119, 12. Lib e, i e name in he a ea o he Aude (sou heas o Toulouse) (Dauza , Deslandes, Ros aing 449). 1978: 60). 13. Li e , i e in Sco land, New Gaelic Libhi < goidelisch *Libe ā, i e name in Sco land (Fö s e 1941: 410 wi h e e ence o he ac ha -e as a owel can also a ise seconda ily). 14. Acco ding o Jacques As o (1984: 23), he e is an ex ended - o ma ion wi h a […]su ixe [...] p éla in[…] in he wa e name Lib on, 972 Leb on is, in sou he n F ance. Albe Dauza , Gas on Deslandes, and Cha les Ros aing (1978: 60) s a e ha he basis o de i a ion is […]Racine obscu e[…]. 15. J. As o (1984: 23) also e e s in his con ex o Liou e, wo i e names in he D ôme egion and he name o a ca e nea Cla ie s. 16. Possibly also he one handed down in he Tabula Peu e ingiana Place name *Lib i, ad Lib os (on he s ee Salona-A gen a ia), e e ing o a i e name (access: h ps://omnes iae.o g/#!i e _TPPlace2110_ TPPlace1707 [access 16.1.2024]), o connec he e. 17. Lly ni, a i e in No h Wales, appa en ly men ioned by P olemy as he Li nian po amus […] έκβολαι (Holde 1904: 205; Fö s e 1941: 397), an -n de i a ion as well as he place name λοιβάνα also a es ed by P olemy. The name is ex ensi ely discussed by Eile Ekwall (1968: 251), who also iden i ies i wi h he i e name men ioned by P olemy and also includes English i e name a ian s such as Lyne, Le en and o he s. The B i ish name may belong o he oo (s)leib- ‘ o d ip &c. ound in La . lībo ‘ o pou ou , Gk. I'm he same, o mo e likely o he o me JÜRGEN UDOLPH 86 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica XC iden ical oo (s) leib- ‘ o glide, o be slippe y &c., ound in OI sliab ‘hill, La lībo ‘ o ouch ligh ly, o as e [u.a.m.]. I will e u n o his e ymology, which has so a gone unno iced, a he end o he compila ion o he names o he wa e s belonging o *leib, *loib, *lb, *līb. 18. A b ie summa y is p obably also con ained in he place name Lei a men ioned by Al ed Holde (1904: 205) in he egion o La Rioja, old Libia43, on he lowe cou se o he Rio Ti ón (hence pe haps he old pa name o he i e ). 19. O pa icula impo ance o he alleged e ymology o Leipzig is he wa e name o Leppe, a i e in he ca chmen a ea o he Sieg in he Obe be gische K eis, 1555 he Leppe, he e also he place name Leppe, 13. Jh. de Leppe, 1373 an de Leppe, 1413 Leepp, which G eule (2014: 311) has deal wi h and in which […] wi h e e ence o Udolph (1990: 139[…]141) […] sees a -j de i a ion o Ge manic *lipaus Indoge manish *leib- […]ge ing, lowing, we […]. I is impo an o assume he ace o he i s o Ge manic sound shi (*-b- > -p-). I we now wan o include Leipzig in wha is being desc ibed, his can only be done on he assump ion ha in he case o Leipzig he assumed sound shi has no occu ed. (d) he ollowing: E en ually may be assumed in: Ľubica is he name o a abou 20 km long igh ibu a y o he Pop ad in he Zips/Spiš, 1269 l. Lubicha, Ge manized as Leibi z, Leibi zbach, 1294 Lubicha, Wenige Lewbicz, also Libi za, Lybicha (Šmilaue 1932:Ľ 280 wi h he adop ion o a basic o m *ubica and a change o Ľu > Li). Again, one has o wonde why he e should ha e been a change om Lu > Li, whe eas he e e se is much mo e con incing ( om a basis unknown o Slo ak Lib- > Ľub-). Again, when i comes o a wa e name, i is wo h asking whe he he connec ion wi h a wo d g oup ha is bes sui ed o hyd onyms is no a mo e con incing assump ion. This concludes he compila ion o wa e names (which can also […] o en p o en […] in place names). The lis o hese and o he names (Udolph 1990: 140) was supplemen ed by he ema k: "Only on he sidelines do I men ion - n o ma ions such as Libu ni, in Ca in hia, old Teu nia, ex oppido Tibu niae, Libu nia, in Libu nia, e c. ; Li o no, old Liba na, Liba num, ON in wha is now Tuscany; Liba na, now Se a alle, ON in Ligu ia. This is he i s ime I' e seen i . Some o hese names Völke bezeichnung und Name eines Lands iches an de Ad ia; den Lu ngau may belong o he ibe discussed he e, bu his should no be discussed u he a his poin . Some hing else is mo e impo an . S aipsniai A icles 87 and 87 De Name Leipzig und die Ge manische Lau e schiebung Es is die F age, welche appella i ische Basis diesen doch ech zahl eichen Wa e names a e he basis. The igh way, which I ha e no ye aken in o accoun , has p obably al eady been aken by Ekwall (1968: 252) in he ea men o he B i ish wa e name Lyne. E. Ekwall w i es: […]The B i ish name may belong o he oo (s)leib- […] o d ip[…] &c., ound in La . lībo […] o pou ou […], Gk. λείβω he same, o mo e likely o he o mally iden ical oo (s)eib- ‘ o glide, o be slippe y &c., ound in OI sliab ‘hill, La . lībo ‘ o ouch ligh ly, o as e, OHG slī an &c. [...]. Since i is a ques ion o wa e names, i is much mo e con incing o use a G eek wo d syllable ha has al eady been used se e al imes o e e o he wea ing o a body, which has been occasionally e e ed o (E. Eichle , K. Hengs , e c.) (pa ly also omi ed: *leibh-), bu wi hou men ioning he ma e ial. I is ad isable o look a i again he e, c . Udolph 1990: 139, o be named: G eek. λείβω, Ao is λειψαι (mainly poe ic since he Iliad) […] umpe , pou , pou ou he d inking cup[…]; De i a i es o he genus Lieb honus, Lieb hon (Lieb hon) and Lieb hon (Lieb hon). The place whe e he wa e d ips, λείβδην […]d opwise[…]; wi h he abb e ia ion: λοιβή […]T ankop e , dona ion[…], λοιβείον […]Vessel o dona ion[…]; wi h a declining s age: *lips, handed down only Gen. λιβός, Akk. I is he name o he ain-bea ing […]Südwes -[…], he name o he ain-bea ing […]Südwes -[…], he name o he ain-bea ing […]Südwes -[…], he name o he ain-bea ing […]Südwes -[…], he name o he ain-bea ing […]Südwes -[…]. Wes winds, please. I is also known as he "mois meadow", he "mois meadow", he "mois meadow", he "mois meadow", he "mois meadow", he "mois meadow", he "mois meadow", he "mois meadow", he "mois meadow", he "mois meadow". λιβpóς, a ibu ed o λóς ([…] cloudy liquid[…]), o ίýî and o he s (F isk 1970: 96[…]97). H. F isk ce ainly igh ly conside s […] a connec ion o La in lībō […] pou ing ou , dona e, sac i ice, consec a e […] […] *loibāiō (well denomininal), declining dēlibū us […] we o smea ed wi h a ( a y) mois u e, also ans e ed ‘übe gossen, ie end’. Zu wei e en Anschlüssen und de en sp echenden See also li e a u e. This is Udolph (1990: 139). I is o pa icula impo ance ha he G eek ibe has he h ee s ages o d ainage *leib-, *loib-, *lbbi, in acco dance wi h he abo e lis o wa e names. The ac ha i is an old Indo-Ge manic wo d g oup is also made clea by he ac ha he oo is used as *le[…]H- (H = hypo he ical la yngeal) wi h he meaning […] pou […] also in LIV, including G eek. is called λείβω. The e can ha dly be any doub ha he wa e names compiled abo e […] he e a e always dispu ed cases […] ind hei e ymology he e. I you look mo e closely a he geog aphical dis ibu ion o he names compiled abo e, i is no iceable ha in he Bal ic, Sla ic and a wes e n adjacen a ea he e a e o ma ions o he ype L[…]bā[…]Leiba a o no necessa ily o be concluded ha hey a e monolingual, Cel ic o ma ions), while he o he de i a i es (Leb on is, Λιβνίου ποταμου[…], Λίβηθπα, Λίβηθπον, Βάνα, *Lība a o he schen, - -Ablei ungen (mi de ypischen Schwunds u e in de JÜRGEN UDOLPH 88 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica XC also known as Ac a Linguis ica Wu zel) begegnen dagegen o allem im kel ischen Gebie (wo aus alle dings e c.) a e also ound in he o iginally Cel ic a ea (F ance, I aly), bu also in Spain and Illy ia. I he no h o Poland. I he i e name Łeba/Leba goes back o Loibā, i will belong o his g oup o names. In he case o a e u n o a *Lēba app oach (which would also be possible due o he sound de elopmen ), he e ymology o he name emains un esol ed. Fo he possibili y discussed abo e, he i e name wi h an idg. To connec he oo o he leib, m.E. could. The e is also he ac ha a mix u e o Polish wa e names wi h G eek appella ions has been obse ed on se e al occasions (see Cyba a […] τιφος, Bzu a […] φpέαp, D ama […] δpóμος and Udolph 1990: 336 .), so ha ano he pa allel (see abo e all G eek λοιβή) would no be su p ising. In addi ion, he e a e se e al G eek appella i es ha ha e le hei aces in Eu opean wa e names, a pa icula ly beau i ul example is he genus a ound G eek λιμήν […]Ha en[…], λιμνή […]See, Teich[…], λειμών […]mois meadow[…], which can be ound in nume ous names, including in Lac Léman, Ge man Lake Gen e (see Wol gang P. Schmid, The G eek and he Old Eu opean Hyd onym In: Schmid 1994: 167[…]174). 5. LEIPZIG […] A o me Sla ic name? The sugges ion ha he place name Leipzig should go back o a p e-Sla ic subs a e has been epea edly oiced since he ime when he -b spellings we e aken in o accoun by Thie ma on Me sebu g. So i says in Eichle (2007: 82): "Because Thie ma on Me sebu g he Sla ic mus be calcula ed wi h an old wa e Lau ungen seh so g äl ig wiede gib und die äl es en Sch eibungen -b- au weisen, name *Lib echnen, which is also commonly used in Eu ope o wa e names and can also be ound he e, as well as wa e names in his a ea such as Luppe, Pa he, Pleiße e c. Appa en ly so. They' e om he e. The name is hen slaw. lipa […]Linde[…] and unde s ood as Lipsk(o), Lipc […]Lindeno […]. The las s a emen s abou he place name Leipzig come om Ha ald om an app oach wi h *-bhaus, which is no a ge ed in iew o he G eek ibe, which he lea es unmen ioned. Ins ead, he Bichlmeie (2013, 2015). In seinem Bei ag on 2013 geh e as ausschließlich o e s se en o he Indo-Ge manic oo s, some o which a e supposed o con ain an elemen *-h2p, which, gi en he loca ion o Leipzig ou side he U -Ge manic 2015, he S aipsniai A icles 89 and 89 De Name Leipzig und die Ge manische Lau e schiebung assigns an app oach wi h he help o an Indo-Ge manic oo *lēi, *lī and a labial elemen *-bh- (supposedly o unclea o igin) and akes ins ead an U -Indo-Ge manic Siedlungsgebie s – dazu s. un en – unwah scheinlich is . In dem Bei ag on su ix *-bhoan, which could se e o o m he elemen pa izi. Fu he mo e, he ci es hal a dozen oo s ha could come in o ques ion and also conside s he e ec o Ve ne s' law o be possible. This also p esupposes ha he a ea o Leipzig belonged o he p imi i e Ge manic se lemen a ea. This is o be ejec ed bo h because o he in es iga ions in o Old Ge manic se lemen names (Udolph 1994) and also because he name Leipzig i sel has no been punc ua ed by he change om Indo-Ge manic *-b-> and also o he names (see below) omi ea ly Ge manic sound de elopmen s. All his can be a oided by including he abo e wa e names and paying a en ion o he G eek wo d sip, which is bes sui ed o he explana ion o wa e names, which is also men ioned in LIV (2001: 405 .) wi h he men ion o G eek λείβω unde an app oach *le[…]H- […]gießen[…]. The e o e, one ge s by wi h an app oach o *leib-*libnich , which is also con i med by he abo e-men ioned Wes phalian i e name Leppe, which ob iously e ains he Indo-Ge manic *-b->. This leads o he consequence ha he place name Leipzig goes back o a p e-Ge manic app oach *Libā o simila . The shi o Ge manic *-pun e emained. Howe e , he o ma ion o names could be well ansla ed in o Ge manic in e e ence o a whole se ies o simila o ma ions, I men ion he e Hee e, Weh e, Lesse, Ecke de, Hemmingen, Mei ze, and e e ences o u he compa a i e names and explana ions o NOB (III 425 […] 427) and Udolph (2004: 141142). Wie ich schon meh ach angedeu e habe, sp echen – abgesehen on de hie discussed he e ymology o he name Leipzig […] o he names and also o he a gumen s o he ac ha he a ea o Leipzig did no belong o he ancien Old Ge manic se lemen a ea. F om he s udies o Ge manic names (Udolph 1994) i is only necessa y o e e he e o he sp ead o he o ma ions on -i hi-, he su ix o ma ions wi h - -, -s-, -s und -s -, he dispe sion o he -leben-, la und and haugaz names. This idea o a la e Ge maniza ion o he Leipzig a ea, which has ne e been discussed, may now also shed new ligh on some place and wa e names ha ha e no ye been able o be gi en a sa e cla i ica ion. In sho , le us say: JÜRGEN UDOLPH 90 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica XC also known as Ac a Linguis ica 1. Luppe: The name is p obably o be unde s ood wi h Eichle (1981: 49), Eichle , Wal he (2010: 121) and Udolph (1990: 152 .) as a p e-Ge manic o ma ion *Lupā and o he clan compiled by Udolph a ound Łupawa, Łupia e c., (so also Eichle , hie zu auch die Lippe < Lupia, zu s ellen. Das -p- is un e schoben geblieben Wal he 2010: 121) o bu i is assumed ha a Fim Sla ic esul ing om he sound shi was pe secu ed. 2. Pa he: Eichle , Wal he (2010: 122) w i e: […]1040 ( alsi ica ion o copy) (1285 Pa da lu ius, a ound 1165 Pa da, 1215 in medio Pa de and so on. The consis en P-w i ing o ces us o assume he same om he o igin o he name: a Ge manic basis is he e o e unlikely, since he psyche would ha e o ha e e ol ed. 3. Pleiße wi h Pleißengau (which o iginally also called i sel Plisna, Plisni, 976 pagus Plisina). The name o he i e : 1021, 1040, 1118, 1285 and so on. Plisina and Plisna; In any case, he name mus be assigned o one wi h an o iginally Panlau enden oo . Since an in e p e a ion om Sla ic pleso […]see[…] is no possible, one can ha dly ge pas a connec ion o Indo-Ge manic *Ple[…]sa o *pel-/*pl- […] low, un, pou […], which has he consequence ha he name has no been subjec ed o he Ge manic sound shi (Udolph 1979: 386, 388; Eichle 1981: 51). The Ge mans appa en ly did no ye know he name, since o he wise hey would ha e de eloped i in o "Flwei e " (Eichle , Wal he ). 2010: 123). 4.: Aga is also an impo an place and i e name, which lies abou 50 km sou h o Leipzig and appa en ly also shows no ace o he Ge manic sound shi : i is Aga, a ibu a y o he Whi e Els e o abou 15 km, whose name is also bo ne by he Ge ae pa s o G oßaga and Kleinaga. The his o ical eco ds ha e been men ioned elsewhe e2, he e is a sho ened lis : 1248 (copy) Hein icus de Ogawe, a ound 1250 Hein icus de Ogawe, Hein icus de Ogau, 1251 Hen icus de Ogawe, 1262 Be oldus de O[gau], 1296 in Ogawa, 1273 Be holdus de Ogene , 1364 in Agow, a ew Agow, 1424 Agaw, G ossen Agow, 1432 in he Agaw, 1501 in G ossen Agow, 1501 in G ossen Agow, 1518 in Agaw, (abou 1530) in Agaw, 1542 in G ossen Ogau, 1550 in Klain Agaw, 1553 in G ossen Agaw (B omme 31), 1567 in (c unching) and so on. Tha 's a di icul name, bu esea ch is p e y su e i 's he name o he i e . El iede Ulb ich (1957: 237) has no sugges ion o in e p e a ion, H. Wal he (2004: 31, 37) assumes a Sla ic name and a basic o m o *Oga a, bu gi es no e ymology. A. G eule (2014: 25) sees an al so bic basic o m o Oga a as 2 access: h ps: www.p o -udolph.com/ge a-aga [accessed 24.1.2024]. S aipsniai / A icles 91 De Name Leipzig und die Ge manische Lau e schiebung a Sla iza ion om Ge manic *Agw(j)ō an, whe e -a(h)wa is en e ed. The wo componen s would hen ha e been Au(e) and -aha ‘wa e , i e . This is e y unlikely, because his combina ion is o he wise unknown. In addi ion, Au(e) would ha dly appea in Sla ic as an age . You ha e o go a di e en way. We know ha -a a in Sla ic has been a ypical elemen o i e name o ma ion, well ecognizable in names such as Wi awa, Ila a, Tyna a, Gliniawa, Dub a a, T na a. The e o e, p e-Sla ic names, when hey came in o Sla ic mou hs, we e no in equen ly ex ended wi h his elemen . We can see his, among o he s, in Opa a (T oppau), Mo a a […]Mäh en[…], Pilawa in Silesia and o he s. When his is included, he ollowing sequence o names is ob ained: basic o m *Agā > sla ized Oga a ( o eign -awi d in Sla ic almos always o -o-) > Ge man Aga. Then, as W. P. Schmid has al eady said, he name "Aga" belongs o a g oup o e y old i e names, some o which can be men ioned he e: Aga, i e name in La ia; Ai e in F ance, 8. Jh. This is Agei a, 11. Jh. Agi a, wha a e you doing? Age in Aus ia, 810 Agi a; he Ege , 805 Aga a; Ege , N l. Wha a e you doing? This is Wö ni z. Ais in Aus ia, 853 Agas a, 985 Ages a and he like. The basis o hese old names is a g oup o wo ds a ound al ind. I 's called "d i ing". Agō […] eibe, üh e[…] ( o eign wo d o ac ), old no he n. I 's called "d i ing". I'm going o be quick, I'm going o be quick. As so o en, wa e names a e e y simply o med; This is o be unde s ood as "d i ing apidly, mo ing". The ollowing s a emen s can be d awn om he s a emen s compiled he e: D aw he consequences: 1) The in e p e a ion o he ON. Leipzig, as always in he ield o disciplined name esea ch, mus p oceed om he oldes e idence ha clea ly indica es *-b, no *p-. 2) An impac o he in e nal High Ge man consonan weakening is excluded in iew o he s able de elopmen o he place name ( i s -b, la e -p). 3) An explana ion om Sla ic is e y unlikely, as he name o Sla s has been oben du chge üh e de aillie e Analyse gezeig ha . Spä e alle dings is de compa ed o Sla ic lipa […]Linde[…] and o o ma ions wi h -skwie Omsk, Vi ebsk, Gdańsk. In Ge man, i was he High Ge man diph hongiza ion o *-ī- > -eiun e zogen. 4) The bes combina ion o an old app oach is o e ed by he G eek appella i e um λείβω […] ap, pou […]. In his con ex , i should be no ed ha wa e names mus con inue o be based im Allgemeinen mi sogenann en Wasse wö e n beleg wu den. Mag man JÜRGEN UDOLPH 92 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica XC also c i ically conside s he esea ches o Hans K ahe, bu his obse a ions ega ding he appella i e ounda ions o he old and olde wa e names s ill e ain hei alidi y. He w o e: "In e ms o semasiology and e ymology, he mos o iginal and undoub edly oldes name laye is de i ed om so-called wa e wo ds, ha is, om e ms o " lowing wa e ", "sou ce", " i e ", " i e ", o " low" [...] wi h coun less ine and ine shades o meaning, as hey we e ichly o e ed o he ea lie man in his p ecise obse a ion o na u e". No much di e en ly al eady judged Robe Fe guson (1862: 5) when he emphasized: "They we e indeed o he mos pa simple appella i es, being mos commonly no hing bu wo ds signi ying wa e ". How co ec hese obse a ions a e was p o ed 50 yea s ago in a collec ion o hyd og aphic e ms by Ma ian Ju kowski (1971) o he Uk ainian. His book b ings oge he abou 6,000 appella i es associa ed wi h wa e . I is he e o e a om con incing ha in ecen imes he names o wa e s ha e meanings such as " o join oge he ", "g ound, g ound, boa d wall", " o eed", " o p ess, o pu ", "way, jou ney" and so on. o be suspec ed. I is also wo h men ioning he in es iga ion o Dunja B ozo ić-Ronče ić (1997) on appella i es in C oa ian hyd onymy. The ques ion emains as o which wa e s o which wa e y a ea in o nea Leipzig has been called by his name. The ques ion is di icul o answe . This is due o he ( o me ) wa e managemen ne wo k, which I would like o discuss b ie ly in conclusion. 6.Wild i es in and a ound Leipzig Die F age is , wie die ühe Topog aphie de S ad bescha en wa . Dabei on he wo k o Geo g G ebens ein (see below) (Koch 2008: 11). Acco ding o Koch (2008: 10), Leipzig was bo n a he co ne o he Els e , Pleißen and Pa heaue. The g own soil shows i sel in he u ban a ea as sand o e g a el. In he alley o he no h o i lies up o h ee me e s high clay. The name o he ci y is p obably de i ed om he Sla ic wo d o "Linde", bu i could also come om " ließen" (Koch 2008: 10 wi h e e ence o Eichle , Wal he 2001: 577 .). A S . Koch i goes on o say: "This is a ques ion which is no wi hou signi icance o he loca ion o he ea ly se lemen , since one explana ion speaks o a heigh abo e he mois i e alley, he o he a he o a descen on he Pa he". A icles 93 and 93 o he S aipsniai De Name Leipzig und die Ge manische Lau e schiebung Den Ve lau de Gewässe im Mi elal e ekons uie e G. G ebens ein 1981 (1953, as well as 1995), on whose wo k he ci y his o ian Pa he ini ially an on egelmäßig ges ü z haben und wei e hin s ü zen. Die on Os en kommende oday's T öndlin ing and lowed no hwes o he ci y cen e in o he Els e , whe e he i e c ea ed a ma shy plain. The Pa heniede ung s e ched om oday's B ühl almos 500 m o he no h almos o oday's U e s aße. I is assumed ha he Pa hians al eady exis ed in he 12 h cen u y a he la es . I was eloca ed in he 19 h cen u y and mo ed u he no h so ha an a ea adjacen o he ci y could be gained, on which he "Hallish subu b" was buil along Ge be s aße. The na u al lowing wa e s o he Leipzig inland del a include o included, among o he s, in he sou h, he Paußni z, he Rödel, and he Cobu g wa e and in he no hwes he dog wa e and he many b anched Luppeläu e, such as he Sou he n and No he n Old Luppe, Red Luppe, Heuweg-Luppe, Schlohbachs-Luppe, Nameless Luppe. In addi ion, he Gösel and he Pa he as la ge backwa e s in old Muldeu s om alleys as well as he No he n and Eas e n Rie zschke and he Zschampe as small s eams lowed in o he Leipzig Inne Del a. The s ill un egula ed i e s we e cha ac e ized by coun less ibu a ies, old wa e s and s eams, which lowed in o each o he , hen di ided again, o en changing hei cou se a e loods and hus o ming an ex ensi e wa e ne wo k. Relics o his include he Ba schke, he Paußni z, he Kleine Luppe, he Al e Luppe o he Hundewasse . In o al, he ci y a ea o Leipzig is c ossed by i e s, s eams and di ches wi h a o al leng h o a ound 176.4 km. I is impossible o de e mine which wa e s may ha e o iginally been named as *Libā o simila . In my opinion, he mos likely easoning is ha hey we e made by Eichle , Wal he (2010: 129 […] 133): acco dingly, he o iginal name should no ha e e e ed o a (indi idual) wa e name, bu o he one (2009), which has he name Leipzig as a e e ence o an a ea wi h wa e ichness; See also Hengs (2010: 135). The name was hen ans e ed o he se lemen ha de eloped in o Leipzig. an Wasse läu en eiche Landscha . Dem en sp ich de Bei ag on Hengs LITERATUR As o Jacques 1984: Lio an au e gna e Lieu an languedocien. ‒ Nou elle e ue d’onomas ique 3/4, 23–24. JÜRGEN UDOLPH 94 Ac a Linguis ica Li huanica XC Babik Zbigniew 2001: Najs a sza wa s wa nazewnicza na ziemiach polskich w g anicach wczesnoś edniowiecznej Słowiańszczyzny, K aków: Uni e si as. Bank M.V.1971: Банк М. В. 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