Identifizierung anonymer Schriften aus dem Deutschordensland Preußen mit Hilfe von Notarsunterschriften

Straipsniai / Articles 11 DIETER HECKMANN The historian-archivist R. Formerly known as the Secret State Archive of Prussian Cultural Property. DOI: doi.org/10.35321/all90-01 IDENTIFIZIERUNG ANONYMER Writings of the Germany Prussia with the help of Notes and footnotes 1. For Prof. Dr. Grasilda Blažienė, the 75th birthday on the 15th. August 2024 Vokiečių ordino Prūsijoje anonyminių raštų identifikavimas based on the notary's parašais2. This is the first time in the history of the country that a notary has been appointed as a notary. This is Prof. Dr. Skiriama. Grasildai Blažienei, 2024 m. rugpjūčio 15 d. švenčiančiai 75th anniversary of the founding of the Czech Republic The annotation This article presents a method for identifying anonymous late medieval usage texts thanks to transmitted notary signatures in the context of the same registry context. SCÜSSELWÖRTER: German Order, public notaries, anonymous writings, notary instruments, notary signatures, history of the German Order, medieval and early modern history of Prussia, Livonia, Lorraine and Silesia. 1 Slightly altered version of the lecture given by the author at the Conference on Western European Manuscripts and Documents from Late Antiquity to Early Modernism in St. Petersburg Collections (1921.9.2019) in St. Petersburg. 2 This article is a glossary report, which covers the antiquities and the early modern times of the Western Europeans, the rankings and the historical documents of the conference, the editorial office. The conference was held in St. Petersburg on September 19-21, 2019. DIETER HECKMANN 12 Acta Linguistica Lithuanica XC also known as Acta Linguistica The annotation This article presents a method to identify anonymous late medieval texts of use thanks to surviving notary signatures in the context of the same registry. KEYWORDS: Teutonic Order, public notaries, anonymous writings, notarial instruments, notary signatures, history often the Teutonic Order, medieval and early modern history of Prussia, Livonia, Lorraine and Silesia. In the editing of the Elbinger Kriegsbuch of 1383 to 1409, which was published in 2013, it was possible, among other things, to use the younger scribe Abb. 1: GStA dem Elbinger Stadtschreiber Bartholomeus Stume zuzuweisen3. PK, XX. This is the first time I've seen it. I'm not sure what you're talking about. No. 9; © GStA 62, PK There were at least two basic conditions for this: 1. The scribe's hand of Bartholomew is first attested in 1408 as a second hand and in 1409 as a single hand. 2. In a document of 10. The tenth. 1403 (Fig. 1) Bartholomew identifies himself as a public notary by means of his own handwritten signature. This result opens up room for further questions, some of which can be addressed below. Is Bartholomeus Stume a singular example of a clerical career in a late medieval Prussian city? 3 Heckmann, Kwiatkowski 2013: 28 […] 30. This is the first time I've seen this. This is 4 Ebd. : 29. Articles 13 and 14 of the Straits Code Identifizierung anonymer Schriften aus dem Deutschordensland Preußen mit Hilfe von Notarsunterschriften Are there comparable careers in the clerical service of other registrars in the German state of Prussia or in non-Prussian law firms? What statements allow identification of scribe's hands with regard to scriptural contexts? This concerns areas such as the influence of public notaries on the administration of documents, provenance research or the existence of writing landscapes. What methodological problems stand in the way of clear assignments of scribe's hands? Specifically, it would be necessary to ask whether there are sufficient text examples at all, whether or to what extent age-related changes in writing have had an effect, or whether the use of new letter forms has created paleographic obstacles. 1. Examples of Writing Careers Official notary Germany Prussia and In the Roman Empire Much more familiar than Bartholomeus Stume is the research of the Kulm city clerk Konrad Bitschin. Bitchin's fame is mainly due to the fact that in 1431 he created the oldest collection of Kulmer law, which has gained great importance in Prussia for both urban and rural settlement forms. When Bitschin Bischin entered the service of the city council of Kulm and in 1431 he is there as the owner of a seine Approbation als öffentlicher Notar erlangt hat, ist unbekannt. Im Jahre 1423 begegnet er zum ersten Mal als Stadtschreiber von Danzig, 1430 wechselte vicarage in the city parish church. Bitschin gave up his Kulmer town clerk's office in 1443 at the latest, which is probably related to the acquisition of two parish councils in the diocese of Pomesania. Despite further careers, Bitschin remained loyal to the city of Kulm, because he was active for the local council as an occasional writer, was the owner of another vicariate and maintained at least an apartment in Kulm between 1453 and 1456. Bitsch's handwriting is known not through his notarial signature, but through the incipit of his legal collection. 5 Heckmann 2020: 187209. This is the first time I've seen this. DIETER HECKMANN 14 Acta Linguistica Lithuanica XC also known as Acta Linguistica The abb. 2:GStA PK, XX. This is the first time I've seen it. Straipsniai Articles 15 and 15 Identifizierung anonymer Schriften aus dem Deutschordensland Preußen mit Hilfe von Notarsunterschriften In comparison, the public notary Peter von Wormditt was in the service of the Order from the beginning of his career, initially as secretary of the House Committees of the Cathedral Chapter of Samland. As such, he is the seventh. August 1376 occupied. After studying law in Prague, Peter von Wormditt joined the writing service of the Oberstmarschall of the German Order, where he is attested from 1396 to 1399. From there he moved to the Chancellery. In July 1403, the Grand Master appointed him Procurator of the Curia in Rome. Wormditt held the position of prosecutor until his death on 27 April. August of 14196. Peter von Wormditt's handwriting is mainly evidenced by his correspondence, so that the research in its identification was not only dependent on his notary signature (Fig. 3). The abb. 3: GStA PK, XX. This is the first time I've seen it. I'm not sure what you're talking about. L, No. 28; © GStA PK Another prominent example is provided by Stefan Mathias von Neidenburg. Like his sponsor, the Chancellor Andreas Santberg, Stefan had studied at the University of Vienna. At the latest since 1441 Stefan was in the clerical service of the Bishop of Pomesania. From this time is also the earliest evidence of his signature as a public notary in a transumpt of a document of Pope Clement III made by him. HA, OF 83, S. 2; © GStA PK of 1191 Febr. This is the first time that this has happened. 6 is known (Fig. 4). 6 Prosecutors General in 1960: 29-34; Armgart in 1995: 253-259. 7 Santberg and Heckmann 2007. DIETER HECKMANN 16 Acta Linguistica Lithuanica XC The abb. 4: GStA PK, XX. This is the first time I've seen it. I'm not sure what you're talking about. 1, number 1a; This is GStA PK Straipsniai Articles 17 and 17 Identifizierung anonymer Schriften aus dem Deutschordensland Preußen mit Hilfe von Notarsunterschriften From the office of the Pomesan bishop, Stefan Mathias of Neidenburg moved in 1448 to that of the High Master on the Marienburg. Stephen was initially provided with an Armenian canonry, then with the parish of St. Nicholas in the old town of Elbing, and since 1462 with an Armenian cathedral post, which he lost after the death of the Grand Master Ludwig von Erlichhausen in 1467 as a result of the newly erupted war conflicts with Poland for political reasons. After the reconciliation between Poland and the Order, which was accompanied by a political amnesty of the supporters of both conflicting parties, Stephen received his canonry back in 1479. At the instigation of the Polish king, the cathedral chapter of Kulmsee postulated him bishop of Kulm in the same year. The office of Bishop of Kulm was held by Stephen of Neidenburg from 1481, the year of his consecration, until his death in The year is 14958. For the Roman Empire, from which the German state of Prussia had taken over the public notary service, Peter-Johannes Schuler has demonstrated similar careers as a public notary. There, too, a notary public often ended his freelance work when he had obtained a well-equipped office or a lucrative position, such as town clerk, university professor, lawyer or syndic10. This finding provides sufficient approaches to equalize anonymous writings with the help of the existing notary signatures in the registries or collections of the Reich territories and Reich cities. 2. Summary of documents Der hochmeisterliche Kanzler Andreas Santberg oder Johann Birsmit, der Bartholomeus Stume's predecessors in the Elbing City Clerk's Office, as far as is known, had no approvals as a public notary. Although they represent a number of examples in which the identification of anonymous writings has also succeeded without a notary's signature, the public notaries in the county or municipal clerical service should, however, deserve special attention. This is probably due to the fact that from their ranks came the impetus for the reorganization of the Prussian 8 Karp 1996: 498 […] 499. This is the first time I've seen this. 9 Heckmann 2009: 4041. This is the first time I've seen this. 10 School year 1976: 138. DIETER HECKMANN 18 Acta Linguistica Lithuanica XC also known as Acta Linguistica The administration of literature came. This benefited mainly the registry system of both the provincial and municipal offices, which was accompanied by a strengthening of the public faith in the registry and the archives associated with it11. One of the outstanding activities in this context is the registration of the certificates of appointment or award of the Marshal's Office, which was initiated by the then secretary to the Supreme Marshal, Peter von Wormditt. The almost 20-year stay of Stefan von Neidenburg in the High Master's Office or Stume's activity from 1408 to 141713 in the service of the Elbing City Council, are certainly among the exceptions, what the search for their own handwritten documents in the existing in different archives or archive ruins would be to determine. However, the frequent change of employers and, not least, the personal Überlieferung merklich erleichtert. Die meisten anderen Schreiber wechselten dagegen häufig ihre Dienstherren, sodass ihre eigenhändigen Schriftbeispiele intertwining also promoted normative tendencies, such as the emergence of official books to rationalize the administration of documents or the formation of a chancery with a uniform chancery language or uniform chancery habits14. These observations can be seen as a challenge both for the creation of further scribe biograms and for provenance research, in particular of the registry fragments or individual pieces preserved in the manuscript collections of large libraries. They also stimulate the cataloguing of notarial signatures and notarial signatures, the two interacting authentication features of public notaries […] summarised as notarial certification […], at […]16. 11 Heckmann 2011: 57 […] 67; 2013: 207 […] 220. This is the first time that this has happened. 12 Conrad 1963: 22 […] 25. This is the first time I've seen it. 13 Karp 1996: 498; Heckmann, Kwiatkowski 2013: 30. This is a list of people who have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. 14 Heckmann 2016: 106107, 110. This is the first time I've seen this. 15 Weileder 2019: 82 years old 16 Heckmann 2009: 52[…]53. This is the first time I've seen this. Straipsniai Articles 19 and 19 Identifizierung anonymer Schriften aus dem Deutschordensland Preußen mit Hilfe von Notarsunterschriften 3. Methodical problems BEI The Assignment of Writer's hands In addition to the lack of text examples, the often irritating change of ink, the scattered tradition and the hidden scribe's career, age-related changes in writing often stand in the way of identifying an anonymous scribe's hand (Figures 5 and 6 with the youth and old age hand of Johann Birsmit). The abb. 5: Youth hand of the Elbinger writer Johann Birsmit to 1387, Heckmann, Kwiatkowski 2013: 23 Heckmann, Kwiatkowski 2013: 24 Abb. 6: Altershand des Elbinger Schreibers Johann Birsmit zu 1405,