Exploring Endearing Metaphors among Swahili Youths in Mombasa County, Kenya: Insights from Conceptual Mappings
Abstract
Swahili youths in Mombasa County to woo their beloved. The research was anchored within a descriptive research design. Primary data was collected from four purposively sampled Swahili male youths through an interview schedule. The collected data were then subjected to the Metaphor Identification Procedure Vrije Universitei (MIPVU) in which four annotators were used to identify endearing metaphors. Seven endearing metaphors that are commonly used by the Male Swahili youths in Mombasa County were identified through MIPVU. The endearing metaphors were then subjected to the principle of conceptual mappings to reveal their meaning. The paper reveals that young Swahili men in Mombasa County use endearing metaphors to express affection, admiration, and romantic interest in their beloved. They also use these metaphors to inspire a sense of connection and emotional intimacy while aiming at building a relationship based on care and mutual affection. The study concludes that endearing metaphors are useful communication tools, and should be interpreted within the Cognitive Linguistics framework.
Full text
S aipsniai / A icles 287
VICTORO.NTABO
Depa men o Languages,Ka a inaUni e si y
ORCIDid:o cid.o g/0000-0002-2618-7884
Fieldso esea ch:Cogni i eLinguis ics,EcoLinguis ics,
IndigenousLanguageEduca ion.
CATHERINEW.NDUNG’U
Depa men o Languages,Ka a inaUni e si y
ORCIDid:o cid.o g/0000-0002-9345-3388
Fieldso esea ch:Englishlanguageeduca ion,special
educa ion,AppliedLinguis ics.
DOI: doi.o g/10.35321/all91-12
EXPLORINGENDEARING
METAPHORSAMONGSWAHILI
YOUTHSINMOMBASA
COUNTY,KENYA:INSIGHTS
FROMCONCEPTUAL
MAPPINGS
Susiža ėjimąiš eiškiančiųme a o ų, a ojamų
Mombasosapsk i ies,Kenijoss ahilių
jaunuolių, y imas:įž algosiškoncep ų
žemėlapių
ANNOTATION
Endea ingme apho sa e aluable o en ichingcommunica ionand os e ingclose
and mo e meaning ul ela ionships h ough he exp ession o a ec ion and in imacy.
In e p e ingendea ingme apho scan,howe e ,bedi icul due o hei cul u aldis inc ions
andcon ex -dependen meanings.Agains hisbackd op, hiss udyemployed hep inciple
o concep ualmappings oanalyze heendea ingme apho scommonlyusedby hemale
VICTORO.NTABO,CATHERINEW.NDUNG’U
288 Ac aLinguis icaLi huanicaXCI
Swahili you hs in Mombasa Coun y o woo hei belo ed. The esea ch was ancho ed
wi hin a desc ip i e esea ch design. P ima y da a was collec ed om ou pu posi ely
sampledSwahilimaleyou hs h oughanin e iewschedule.Thecollec edda awe e hen
subjec ed o heMe apho Iden i ica ionP ocedu eV ije Uni e si ei (MIPVU)inwhich ou
anno a o swe eused oiden i yendea ingme apho s.Se enendea ingme apho s ha a e
commonlyusedby heMaleSwahiliyou hsinMombasaCoun ywe eiden i ied h ough
MIPVU. The endea ing me apho s we e hen subjec ed o he p inciple o concep ual
mappings o e eal hei meaning.Thepape e eals ha youngSwahilimeninMombasa
Coun yuseendea ingme apho s oexp essa ec ion,admi a ion,and oman icin e es in
hei belo ed.Theyalsouse heseme apho s oinspi easenseo connec ionandemo ional
in imacywhileaiminga buildinga ela ionshipbasedonca eandmu uala ec ion.The
s udyconcludes ha endea ingme apho sa euse ulcommunica ion ools,andshouldbe
in e p e edwi hin heCogni i eLinguis ics amewo k.
KEYWORDS: Endea ingMe apho s,Swahili,Concep ualMappings,Cogni i e
Linguis ics,MIPVU.
ANOTACIJA
Susiža ėjimą(meilinimąsi)iš eiškiančiosme a o osp a u inabend a imąi ska inaa -
imesniusi p asmingesniussan ykiussiekian p ie aišumoi in ymumo.Dėlšiųme a o ų
kul ū iniųski umų i nuo kon eks op iklausančių jų eikšmiųpaaiškin i me a o as ga-
libū isudė inga.A siž elgusį ai,šiame y imeanalizuojan susiža ėjimą(meilinimąsi)
iš eiškiančiasme a o as,ku iasdažniausiai a ojaMombasosapsk i iess ahiliųjaunuo-
liai,no ėdamiužkalbin imylimąžmogų, aiky askoncep ųžemėlapiųp incipas.Ty imas
a lik aspagalap ašymą.Pi miniaiduomenysbu osu ink iin e iume uiške u ių iks-
lingaia ink ųs ahilių au ybėsjaunuolių.Po osu ink iemsduomenimsp i aiky ame a-
o ųiden i ika imop ocedū aV ije Uni e si ei (MIPVU),pagalku iąke u i y imodaly iai
iden i ika o susiža ėjimą (meilinimąsi) eiškiančias me a o as. Naudojan MIPVU bu o
nus a y os sep ynios me a o os, ku ias dažniausiai a oja Mombasos apsk i ies s ahilių
jaunuoliai.Tam,kadbū ųa aizduo osšiųme a o ų eikšmės, ėliaujomsbu op i aiky as
koncep ųžemėlapiųp incipas.S aipsnyjea skleidžiama,kadMombasosapsk i iess ahilių
au ybėsjaunuoliai a ojaža ėjimosime a o asno ėdamiiš eikš imeilę,susiža ėjimąi
oman iškąsusidomėjimąmylimužmogumi.Šiasme a o asjie aippa naudojasiekdami
paska in i yšioi emocinioa umojausmą,oka ui siekdamisuku i ūpesčiui abipuse
meilepag įs ussan ykius.Ty imeda omaiš ada,kadsusiža ėjimo(meilinimosi)me a o os
y anaudingoskomunikacijosp iemonės,ku ios u ė ųbū iaiškinamoskogni y inėsling-
is ikossis emoje.
ESMINIAIŽODŽIAI:susiža ėjimą eiškiančios me a o os, s ahilių kalba, koncep ų
žemėlapiai,kogni y inėling is ika,MIPVU.
S aipsniai / A icles 289
Explo ing Endea ing Me apho s among Swahili You hs
in Mombasa Coun y, Kenya: Insigh s om Concep ual Mappings
1. INTRODUCTION
Endea ing e msplayapi o al oleinnu u ingin imacywi hin oman ic
ela ionships.These e msa ea ec iona ewo dso ph asesused oexp ess
lo eo emo ionalclosenessbe weenindi iduals,o enin oman ico in ima e
ela ionships.Theuseo hese e mso enhelps onu u easenseo connec ion
andin imacy.Acco ding oSu iT.Koi anen(2015),endea ing e msusually
se easlinguis icexp essionso a ec ionandemo ionalcloseness.These e ms,
anging omclassicendea ingslikeda ling and swee hea omo epe sonalized
nicknames,o enca ylaye so meaningunique oeachcouple(Floyd2006).
Endea ing e ms also se e as e bal ma ke s o he bond sha ed be ween
pa ne s,andhelp o os e asenseo wa m handconnec ion.Koi anen(2015)
alsono es ha inin ima e ela ionships,endea ing e msc ea easa espace
whe e ulne abili yisemb acedandlo eisopenlyceleb a ed.
Beyondme ewo ds, heuseo endea ing e msinin ima e ela ionships
e lec sadeepe unde s andingo oneano he ’semo ionalneedsanddesi es
(Floyd, Ri o gia e 2008). These e ms also ac as gen le eminde s o he
admi a ionandapp ecia ionpa ne shold o eacho he whichhelps o ein o ce
he ounda ion o mu ual espec and a ec ion. Whe he whispe ed so ly
du ingmomen so in imacyo casuallywo enin oe e ydaycon e sa ions,
endea ing e ms se e as cons an a i ma ions o lo e and de o ion (ibid.).
These e msa ealso undamen alinen iching heemo ionallandscapeo he
ela ionshipands eng hening hebondbe weenpa ne s.Thep esen s udy
seeks oes ablishhowo ena ec ionisenac ed h ough heuseo e mso
endea ing.Thisismo i a edbyKoi a en(2015)whoa gues ha heuseo
e mso endea ingisana ea ha hasno beenadequa elys udied.
Among heSwahilicommuni yinMombasaCoun y,endea ing e msa e
no jus linguis ic oolsbu cul u alexp essionsdeeplyembeddedin he ab ic
o omance.Acco ding oJaneM.Omba iandPhilesN.Onchieku(2021),
maleyou hsamong heSwahiliinMombasaCoun y,o enemploya icha ay
o endea ing e ms owooandcha m hei belo ed.These e ms, anging om
heclassichabibi(belo ed) omo ecolloquialexp essionslikekidege (ali le
bi d)se easpoe icdecla a ionso lo eandde o ion ha esona ewi h he
melodious hy hmso heSwahililanguage.
The use o endea ing e ms by male you hs also e lec s no only hei
oman icin en ionsbu alsoadeepapp ecia ion o he adi ionso cou ship
and omance.Addi ionally, hese e msa eemployedwi h inesse ocap u e
heessenceo Swahili omancewhe eges u eso a ec iona ein e winedwi h
hebeau yo language.Th ough heuseo endea ing e ms,maleyou hsin
MombasaCoun yexp ess hei desi e o o gemeaning ulconnec ionswi h
VICTORO.NTABO,CATHERINEW.NDUNG’U
290 Ac aLinguis icaLi huanicaXCI
hei belo edbyd awinguponcen u ies-oldcul u alp ac ices ona iga e he
in ica ejou neyo lo eandcou shipin hei communi y.
Acco ding oKoi anen(2015),endea ing e mso eneme geasme apho ical
exp essions.These e mso en anscendme ewo ds.Theyemployme apho s
o e lec hedep h o a ec ionsha edbe weenpa ne s. Theme apho ical
language o en ele a es he o dina y in o he ealm o he ex ao dina y,
in usinge e ydayin e ac ionswi hasenseo magicandwonde ,anda i ming
heuniquebondbe weenindi idualsinlo e.Acco ding oVic o O.N abo
(2022),al houghme apho sa epowe ulin hei abili y ocon eycomplex
emo ions, heycano enbechallenging oin e p e due o hei abs ac na u e.
Themeaningbehindame apho may a yg ea lydependingon indi idual
pe spec i esandcul u alcon ex s.Thiscanlead opo en ialmisunde s andings.
In e p e a ion o me apho s equi es a clea unde s anding o language and
con ex , as well as an app ecia ion o he me apho ical in en behind he
wo ds.I isagains hisbackd op ha hep esen s udysubjec sme apho ical
endea ing e msusedby heyou hsamong heSwahiliinMombasaCoun y o
hep incipleo concep ualmappings ocomp ehensi ely e eal hei meaning.
I is impo an o no e ha endea ing me apho s a e igu a i e exp essions
used ocon eya ec ionandemo ionalclosenessbycompa ingalo edone o
some hingche ishedo admi ed.Theseme apho sgobeyondli e allanguage
oe okedeepe eelings, hus,enhancing heemo ionalconnec ionbe ween
indi iduals h oughsymbolicimage y.
The s udy aims o analyze he endea ing me apho s employed by young
SwahilimeninMombasaCoun yas ools o exp essinga ec ionand oman ic
in en ions owa ds hei belo ed.Byexamining heseme apho swi hin hei
cul u alcon ex , hes udyseeks ounco e how hey e lec heemo ionaland
socialdynamicso cou shipin heSwahilicommuni y.Toachie e his, he
s udy ocusesoniden i ying hecommonlyusedendea ing e ms,de e mining
whicho hema eme apho ical,analyzing hei concep ualmappingswi hin
he amewo ko Cogni i eLinguis ics,andin e p e inghow heseme apho s
e lec he cul u al no ms and alues o lo e and cou ship among Swahili
you hs. This helps e eal how me apho ical endea ing e ms in he Swahili
con ex no onlycon eya ec ionbu also e lec deepe cul u al aluesand
cogni i epa e nsin oman iccommunica ion.
Ame apho canbede inedasa igu eo speech ha desc ibesone hing
in e ms o ano he . Acco ding oGeo ge O.Ogal,MosesG. Ga higia and
JosephN.Mai a ia(2019), hes udyo me apho acesback oancien G eece,
whe eA is o le i s explo ed heconcep inhiswo k i ledPoe ics.Howe e ,
i wasn’ un il he20 hcen u y ha me apho s udies ulybegan o lou ish
asadis inc ieldo inqui y.Theseminalwo ko linguis sandphilosophe s
S aipsniai / A icles 291
Explo ing Endea ing Me apho s among Swahili You hs
in Mombasa Coun y, Kenya: Insigh s om Concep ual Mappings
likeGeo geLako andMa kJohnson(1980)laid he ounda ion o mode n
me apho heo y.Thei insigh s e olu ionizedou unde s andingo languageby
emphasizing ha me apho sa eno me ely he o icalde icesbu undamen al
cogni i emechanisms h oughwhichwecomp ehendandconcep ualize he
wo ld.
Dalibo Pa las,OndřejV abel’andJiříKozmé (2018)de ineme apho sas
linguis icexp essions ha desc ibeone hingin e mso ano he .This,acco ding
oPa las,V abelandKozme ,isachie edbyhighligh ingsimila i iesbe ween
wo hingsandimbuing hesubjec wi haddi ionalmeaningo signi icance.
Me apho s,acco ding oMosesG.Ga higia(2014), anscend heli e almeaning
o wo dsandallowus ocon eycomplexideas,emo ions,andexpe iences
h oughsymboliclanguage.Mo eo e ,me apho s unc ionascogni i e ools,
shapingou pe cep ionsandin luencinghowwemakesenseo eali y(Naicke
2016).Byd awingpa allels be weendispa a econcep s, me apho s acili a e
unde s andingbyp o iding amilia ameso e e ence,enablingus og asp
abs ac o un amilia concep sin e mso mo econc e e, angibleimage y.
Theme apho sin hep esen esea chwe eexaminedwi hin heCogni i e
Linguis icspa adigm.Cogni i elinguis ics(CL)isamul idisciplina yapp oach
o he s udy o language ha iews language as an in eg al pa o human
cogni ion, shaped by ou expe iences, pe cep ions, and concep ual sys ems
(Janda2015).Unlike adi ionalapp oaches olinguis ics ha p io i ize o mal
s uc u es and g amma ules, CL ocuses on unde s anding how language
e lec sandin luences hewaywe hinkandpe cei e hewo ld(Onchoke2018).
A heco eo CLis hebelie ha languageisno as a icsys emo symbolsbu
a he adynamic ool o cons uc ingmeaningandunde s anding.Cogni i e
linguis so enin es iga ehowlanguages uc u essuchasme apho s,idioms,
analogy,andcoun e - ac ual easoningeme ge omcogni i ep ocesseslike
ca ego iza ion,imageschema a,andconcep ualmappingsamongo he s.
Wo hwhile o no e is ha me apho is a cen al concep in cogni i e
linguis ics(CL).Acco ding oPamelaFabe (2002),me apho is undamen alin
highligh ing hesymbolicandconcep ualna u eo languageinCL.Cogni i e
linguis s a gue ha me apho s a e no jus he o ical embellishmen s bu
undamen al mechanisms h ough which we concep ualize and make sense
o ou expe iences.Lako andJohnson(1980)alsono e ha me apho sa e
pe asi e in language and hough . Consequen ly, me apho s help o shape
howweunde s andabs ac concep sbymapping hemon omo econc e e
domains. This a gumen is bu essed by Fabe (2002) who posi s ha in
CL, me apho ical exp essions like ime is money o lo e is a jou ney a e no
jus linguis icqui ksbu e lec ionso unde lyingconcep ualmappings ha
s uc u eou unde s andingo hewo ld.Byexamininghowme apho sa e
VICTORO.NTABO,CATHERINEW.NDUNG’U
292 Ac aLinguis icaLi huanicaXCI
g oundedinembodiedexpe iencesandcogni i ep ocesses, hep esen s udy
p o ides aluable insigh s in o he in ica e ela ionship be ween language,
hough ,andpe cep ionin ela ion o heendea ingme apho susedbyyou hs
inMombasaCoun y.
The p ima y da a o he p esen s udy was d awn om Swahili you hs
in Mombasa Coun y. The Swahili people a e a di e se and cul u ally ich
communi ywhosehis o yandiden i ya edeeplyin e winedwi h heIndian
Ocean coas (Mwalewa 2018). O igina ing om a usion o Ban u-speaking
peopleswi hA ab,Pe sian,Indian,ando he A icanin luences, heSwahili
cul u e is a ib an mosaic o adi ions, languages, and cus oms (ibid.).
His o icallyknown o hei olein adeandma i imecomme ce, heSwahili
es ablishedp ospe ousci y-s a esalong hecoas ,suchasKilwa,Mombasa,and
Zanziba ,whichbecamecen eso cul u alexchangeandeconomicac i i y.
Wi hSwahilias hei lingua anca, hey acili a edcommunica ionand ade
be ween hein e io o A icaand hewide IndianOceanwo ld(Chebe -Choge
2012).Today, heSwahilipeoplea esp eadac osscoas al egionso Kenya,
Tanzania,Mozambique,ando he pa so Eas A ica,and heymain aina
s ongsenseo cul u aliden i y h ough hei language,cuisine,music,and
dis inc i e a chi ec u al s yles cha ac e ized by in ica ely ca ed doo s and
A ab-in luenceddesigns.Thei endu inglegacycon inues oshape hecul u al
landscapeo Eas A ica, e lec inga ichhis o yo he i ageand esilience.
Si ua ed along he pic u esque sho es o he Indian Ocean, he Swahili
communi yo MombasaCoun yembodiesauniqueblendo coas alhe i age
andcul u aldi e si y(Mwalewa2018).A hehea o hei iden i ylies he
Swahililanguagewhichse esasauni ying o ce ha b idgesdi e see hnic
backg oundsandhis o icalin luences.SusanChebe -Choge(2012)no es ha
ma iage i esamong heSwahilio MombasaCoun ya es eepedin adi ion.
Theya eo encha ac e izedbyelabo a ece emonies ha symbolize heunion
o amiliesand hes eng heningo communi ybonds.Impo an ono eis
ha mos youngSwahilimeno enemploya epe oi eo poe icendea ings o
woo hei belo ed.
2. THEORETICALFRAMEWORK
Analysiso heme apho ical e msemployedbymaleSwahiliyou hs owoo
hei belo edinMombasaCoun ywasguidedby hep incipleso Concep ual
Me apho Theo y(CMT),p oposedbyLako andJohnson(1980).Oneo he
basic heo e icalpilla so CMTis ha me apho sa ep ima ilyacha ac e is ic
o language ha belongs o he ealmo hinking(ibid.).CMTsugges s ha
S aipsniai / A icles 293
Explo ing Endea ing Me apho s among Swahili You hs
in Mombasa Coun y, Kenya: Insigh s om Concep ual Mappings
me apho isno jus alinguis icde icebu a undamen alcogni i emechanism
h oughwhichweunde s andone hingin e mso ano he .
Ano he undamen al ene o CMT is he p o ision ha he e a e wo
concep ualdomainswhicha e: hesou cedomain(SD)and he a ge domain
(TD).TheSDis heconcep ualdomain omwhich heme apho isd awn
while heTDis heconcep ualdomain owhich heme apho isapplied(N abo
2022).Lako andJohnson(1980)alsono e ha heSDiswha isusuallyconc e e,
angibleo physicalwhile heTDiswha isabs ac andin angible.Acco ding
oZol ánKö ecses(2005), heSDand heTDa ealsomen al ep esen a ions
inwhich heTDisunde s oodbasedon hecha ac e is icso heSD.
The exis ence o concep ual mappings be ween he SD and he TD is
ano he signi ican pilla o CMT ha o ms hebasis o hiss udy.Concep ual
mappings a e a sys ema ic se o co espondences ha exis be ween he
cons i uen elemen s o he SD and he TD (N abo 2022). The concep o
concep ualmappingsp o idesamodelo hinking ha links wole els ha
include heSDand heTDwi h he esul beingmeaning o ma ioninwhich
one hingisunde s oodin e mso ano he .Fo example,in heme apho lo e
is a jou ney,lo e( heTD)isunde s oodin e mso ajou ney( heSD).In his
case,concep slikep og ess,obs acles,anddes ina ionsa emappedon o he
expe ienceo lo e ohelpmakesenseo wha lo eisbasedon heconc e e
expe ienceo hejou ney.I is heco espondences ha a ed awnbe ween
heconc e eSDand heabs ac TD ha cons i u e hep incipleo concep ual
mappings.
3. METHODOLOGY
Thes udyadop edadesc ip i e esea chdesign.CellyneN.Anudo(2012)
asse s ha he objec i e o a desc ip i is is o p o ide an accoun o he
cu en s a eo a ai sa aspeci icmomen .Consequen ly, esea che s ocuson
ecognizing,ca ego izing,andassessing esea chphenomenain hei cu en
s a e.HosseinNassaji(2015)simila lyobse es ha desc ip i is s equen ly
s i e o un eil exis ing eali ies by p ecisely po aying a phenomenon
andi s a ibu esas i is. In he p esen s udy, hep ima yda a whicha e
heendea ing e ms ha a ecommonlyusedby hemaleSwahiliyou hs o
woo hei belo edinMombasaCoun ywe ecollec ed h oughanin e iew
schedule ompu posi elysampledmaleyou hs.Theselec edsamplewasmade
upo ou Swahilimaleyou hswhowe eknowledgeableabou hecommon
endea ing e ms used by young men o woo young women in o in ima e
ela ionships in Mombasa Coun y. The ac o o male Swahili you hs was
VICTORO.NTABO,CATHERINEW.NDUNG’U
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conside edaninclusionc i e ion o he esea chsamplebecause,inSwahili
cul u e, adi ionalgende oleso endic a e ha youngmen ake heini ia i e
incou ingyoungwomenwhichembodies ai so b a e yandasse i eness
in pu sui o oman ic ela ionships (Mwaliwa 2018). This dynamic e lec s
his o ical no ms and socie al expec a ions, whe e young men a e cul u ally
encou aged odemons a e hei a ec ion and commi men h ough ac so
cou shipandwooing.
Thein e iewschedule,whichwasdesignedas hep ima yda acollec ion
ool,includedopen-endedques ionsaimeda explo ingbo h heli e aland
me apho icaluseo endea ing e ms.Thein e iewswe econduc edo e i e
weeks oallow o ho oughengagemen wi h hepa icipan s.Theques ions
sough o iden i y speci ic endea ing e ms, hei meanings, and cul u al
ele ance,aswellashow hese e mswe epe cei edby hei belo ed.The
pa icipan swe ealsoaskedabou heemo ionalimpac o usingsuch e msin
cou ship.Thiswasuse ulin e ealinghowlanguagein e wineswi hSwahili
cul u alp ac iceso omance.
Thes udyob ainedse enendea ing e ms ha a ecommonlyusedbymale
Swahiliyou hs owoo hei belo edinMombasaCoun y.These enendea ing
e mswe e ansla edin oEnglish oenablenon-Swahilispeake s omakesense
o hem.The esea chu ilizedNo malSen en ialT ansla ion(NST) o ansla e
ex omSwahili oEnglish.Thischoicewasin luencedbyJohnM.Kobia
(2016),whocon ends ha se e alcompellingaspec so me apho ical e msa e
easily ansla able.NSTisalsoideal o hiss udybecause he ocuso hep esen
enqui yis oe alua e heendea ing e msusedby heSwahilimaleyou hs o
un eil hesocie alandcul u alpe cep ionsabou in ima e ela ionshipsamong
he Swahili you hs in Mombasa Coun y.The s udy employed he Me apho
Iden i ica ion P ocedu e V ije Uni e si ei (MIPVU)byGe a dJ.S eene al.
(2010) oes ablish heme apho ici yo hese enendea ing e ms.MIPVUis
ame apho iden i ica ionp ocedu e ha wasde elopedbyme apho schola sa
V ijeUni e si y,Ams e dam(N aboe al.2018).Thes udyused ou anno a o s
(including he esea che s) o alida e heme apho icna u eo eacho he
se en e msusing heMIPVUp ocedu e.All ou anno a o swe eiden i ied
basedonbeinguni e si yg adua es.Conside a ion o heeduca ionalle el
quali ica ion ac o in choosing he anno a o s o his s udy was in o med
byU milaUma dian i,Supa inah andWahuyKu niawa i(2023) whoposi
ha human being’s capaci y o c i ically syn hesize abs ac in o ma ion o
objec i ely e ealmeaningissigni ican lyin luencedbyone’sle elo educa ion.
The esea che s ained he iden i ied anno a o s on MIPVU o help hem
makein o meddecisions.Asp o idedbyMIPVU,a e mwasconside eda
me apho Rela edWo d(MRW)i i scon ex ualmeaningcon as edwi hi s
S aipsniai / A icles 295
Explo ing Endea ing Me apho s among Swahili You hs
in Mombasa Coun y, Kenya: Insigh s om Concep ual Mappings
basicmeaning.Theendea ing e mswe ealsoma kedme apho icala e a
leas h eeo he ou anno a o sma kedeacho hemasame apho .Each
anno a o assigned0.25o 25% oeachendea ing e mwhichwasconside ed
me apho ical.I h eeanno a o sag eed, hes udymul iplied0.25 imes h ee
oa ain0.75whichis75%.Acco ding oLynneCame onandCh is ophe
Candlin(2003),a e mwhicha ains75%inanin e - a e eliabili y es is
ma kedno unanimousbu accep ableasame apho .Se enMe apho - ela ed
Rela ed Wo ds (MRWs) we e iden i ied h ough he anno a ion guidelines
adap ed om heMIPVU.Theiden i iedme apho swe e hensubjec ed o he
p incipleo concep ualmappings o analysis.
4. RESEARCHFINDINGSANDDISCUSSION
Thes udyiden i iedse enme apho swhicha ep esen edinTable1.1below.
Theme apho swe esubjec ed o hep incipleo concep ualmappings o e eal
hei meaning.Thep incipleo concep ualmappings,whichisakey ene o
Lako andJohnson’s(1980)Concep ualMe apho Theo y(CMT),se esas
a amewo k o unde s and how language e lec s and shapes ou cogni i e
p ocesses.I sugges s ha ou unde s andingo abs ac o complexconcep s
o en eliesonmapping hemon omo econc e eand amilia domains.This
p ocess acili a es comp ehension by g ounding abs ac ideas in angible
expe ienceso physical ep esen a ions.
TABLE1.1:Endea ingMe apho sCommonlyUsedbyMaleSwahiliYou hsin
MombasaCoun y
No. Swahili Gloss
1. Ua la wa idi Rose lowe
2. Kidege Ali lebi d
3. Ba a u wa moyo Iceo hehea
4. Asali Honey
5. Malaika Anangel
6. Dawa ya mapenzi Lo epo ion
7. Malkia Queen
Theendea ingme apho s,asindica edinTable1.1abo e,a ecommonly
usedby hemaleSwahiliyou hsinMombasaCoun y owoo hei belo ed.
VICTORO.NTABO,CATHERINEW.NDUNG’U
302 Ac aLinguis icaLi huanicaXCI
No. SD: asali (honey) TD: mpenzi (a lo e )
4. Honeyisana u alsubs ance,
ee oma i icialaddi i es.
Thissymbolizes hegenuineand
au hen icna u eo helo esha ed
be ween woindi iduals,emphasizing
since i yand us .
AsshowninTable1.5abo e,me apho (4)p esen sconcep ualmappings
ha e lec heessenceo oman ic ela ionshipswi hin hecon ex o young
SwahilipeopleinMombasaCoun y.Fo example, heassocia iono honeywi h
swee nessalignswi h hepe cep iono alo e assomeonewhob ingsjoyand
deligh in oone’sli e.AsopinedbyGa zae al.(2016),alo e iso ena adian
beacon ha ills ano he ’s hea wi h boundless joy. This concep ualiza ion
emphasizes heemo ionalaspec o lo ebypo aying hebelo edasasou ce
o happinessandcon en men .
Mo eo e , hecha ac e iza iono honeyass ickyco esponds o hesense
o closenessanda achmen inhe en in oman ic ela ionships.Thismapping
sugges sabond ha isno onlys ongbu alsoendu ingwhich e lec sadeep
emo ionalconnec ionbe weenpa ne s.Thes ickinesso honeysymbolizes he
in ima ena u eo lo e.I alsoimpliesale elo closeness ha isdi icul ose e .
Addi ionally, heassocia iono honeywi hnu i ionandsus enancehighligh s
he oleo alo e inp o idingemo ionalnou ishmen andsuppo .Jus ashoney
isasou ceo ene gyand i ali y,alo e ,aspoin edou byPaule oe al.(2017),
o enen ichesone’sli ewi hlo e,ca e,andunde s andinghencecon ibu ing
ope sonalg ow handwell-being.Finally, hepo ayalo honeyasana u al
subs ance, ee oma i icialaddi i es,unde sco es heau hen ici yo helo e
sha edbe ween woindi iduals.Thisconcep ualmappingemphasizes us and
genuinenessin oman ic ela ionships.I highligh s heimpo anceo since i y
and anspa encyin os e ingas ongandlas ingbond.I is, he e o e,clea
ha hemaleSwahiliyou hsuseame apho (4) opo aylo easasou ceo
swee ness,in imacy,nou ishmen ,andau hen ici ypa icula ly ega ding hei
belo edinMombasaCoun y.
Me apho (5) e e s oanangel.Angelisaubiqui ousendea ing e m,o en
used o con ey a ec ion o admi a ion o someone’s bene olen na u e o
lo ingac ions(Ma lowee al.2005).I usuallysymbolizes he oleo abelo ed
oneasasou ceo com o andsuppo in heli eso o he s.I susage anscends
cul u esandlanguagesandisuni e sally ecognizedasahea el exp essiono
app ecia ion o hegoodnessandg ace oundin hoseweholddea .Theuse
o he e mangel by hemaleSwahiliyou hs o e e o hei belo edonesin
MombasaCoun yis, he e o e, alid.Thus:
S aipsniai / A icles 303
Explo ing Endea ing Me apho s among Swahili You hs
in Mombasa Coun y, Kenya: Insigh s om Concep ual Mappings
(5)Mpenzi ni malaika–‘alo e isanangel’.
Me apho (5)wassubjec ed o hep incipleo concep ualmappings o e eal
i sconno a ions.Malaika (anangel)is heSDwhilempenzi (alo e )is he
co espondingTD o me apho s(5).Theco espondingin o ma ionbe ween
heSDand heTD,in hiscase,includes: i s ly, hepu i yandg aceassocia ed
wi hangelsa ecompa ablewi h hecompassionandlo eo encha ac e izedby
lo e s.Secondly,mi o ing hep o ec i ena u eo angels,whoa e hough o
wa cho e andsa egua d hoseunde hei ca e,alo e isseenasagua diano
hehea ha o e ssolace,guidance,and eassu ancein imeso need.Las ly,
likehowangelsa e e e ed o hei celes ialbeau yande he ealp esence,a
lo e isadmi ed o hei cap i a ingallu eand adian cha m.
The concep ual mappings o me apho (5) highligh he emo ional
signi icancea ached o oman ic ela ionshipsamong heyoungSwahilipeople
inMombasaCoun y.Fi s ly, hecompa isono alo e oanangelhighligh s
hepe cep iono lo e sasbeingso pu i yandg ace.Lo e so enpossess
quali ies o i ue, kindness, andcompassion ha ele a eandinspi e hose
a ound hem.Thissugges sadeepapp ecia ion o hemo alandemo ional
suppo p o idedbylo e swhosesel lesslo eandbene olen spi i se eas
sou ceso com o andencou agemen .Secondly, heme apho d awspa allels
be ween hep o ec i ena u eo angelsand he oleo lo e sasgua dianso
hehea .Jus asangelsa ebelie ed owa cho e andsa egua dindi iduals,
lo e sa eseenassou ceso solace,guidance,and eassu ancedu ing imes
o emo ional u moilo ulne abili y.This e lec s heideao lo e so e ing
emo ional secu i yand s abili ywi hin ela ionshipswhichhelps o os e a
senseo us anddependabili y.Las ly, hecompa isonbe weenlo e sand
angelse okesno ionso celes ialbeau yande he ealp esence.Byadmi ing
lo e s o hei cap i a ingallu eand adian cha m, heme apho emphasizes
heenchan ingandawe-inspi ingna u eo oman iclo e.Thissugges s ha
wi hin hecul u alcon ex o MombasaCoun y, oman ic ela ionshipsa eno
only alued o hei emo ionalsuppo andp o ec ionbu alsoceleb a ed o
hei inhe en beau yandenchan men .
Me apho (6)belowd awsacompa isonbe weenalo e andalo epo ion.
Ma ga e E.Toye(2010)a gues ha alo e canbecompa edwi halo epo ion
becausebo hlo eandalo epo ioncane okepassiona eemo ions ha eel
enchan ing and ans o ma i e. Jus as a lo e po ion can c ea e an in ense
a ac iono in a ua ion,alo e cancap i a eanddeeplya ec one’shea and
mind.Useo (6)belowby heyoungSwahilimale o e e o hei belo edis,
hence,accep able.Thus:
(6)Mpenzi ni dawa ya mapenzi–‘alo e isalo epo ion’.
VICTORO.NTABO,CATHERINEW.NDUNG’U
304 Ac aLinguis icaLi huanicaXCI
Dawa ya mapenzi (lo epo ion)is heSDwhilempenzi (alo e )is heTD
in hiscase.Toes ablish heconcep ualmeaning o (6)abo e, heconcep ual
in o ma ionin heSDwasmappedon o heco espondingonein heTDin
linewi hLako andJohnson’s(1980)Concep ualMe apho Theo y(CMT).
Thes udyes ablished he ollowingconcep ualmappings o (6)abo e:one,
a lo e po ion o en causes a eupho ic and o e whelming sensa ion o lo e
anddesi ewhichco esponds o hes ong eelingso passionandin a ua ion
o enelici edbyone’slo e ; wo,lo epo iono en ans o ms hed inke ’s
emo ionals a e,c ea ingsuddenandin ense oman ic eelings.Thisisequa ed
wi h hepowe ha alo e usuallyhas o ans o mone’smoodandou look
byb ingingjoy,exci emen ,andasenseo beingemo ionally e i alized,and;
h ee,lo epo ionno mallyc ea esasenseo c a ingo need o hepe sonone
isenchan edby.Thiscanbecompa edwi h hes ongemo ionala achmen
andlonging ha alo e o eninspi esinone’sbelo ed.
Theconcep ualmeaningde i ed om heconcep ualmappings o (6)abo e
is ha alo e has he ans o ma i epowe oe okein enseemo ional esponses.
Assugges edbySa aCan illonandKa hleenLynch(2016),abelo edo en
cap i a esone’shea esul inginanemo ionalhighsimila o ha p oduced
byapo en elixi .Thiso enmakesape son eeleupho ic,deeplyin a ua ed,
and in ensely d awn o hei lo e . The concep ual mappings o (6) abo e
alsosugges ha alo e cansigni ican lyal e one’smoodandpe spec i eby
b ingingjoy,exci emen ,andasenseo emo ional eju ena ion.Thisclaim
au hen ica esKo yFloyd’s(2006)posi ion ha hep esenceo one’slo e can
in useli ewi hnew oundhappinessand i ali y.Alo epo ionisalsoknown
ogene a eac a ing o hepe sononeisenchan edby(Toye2010).The eis
no mallydeepyea ning ha usuallyaccompanies oman iclo e.I is, he e o e,
clea ha abelo edbecomesanindispensablesou ceo emo ional ul ilmen
o one.
5. CONCLUSIONS
Thes udyconcludesin he ollowingmanne basedon he esea ch indings:
Endea ing me apho s play a signi ican ole in enhancing communica ion
amongSwahiliyou hsinMombasaCoun y.The me apho sa epa icula ly
use ulinexp essinga ec ionandemo ionalcloseness.Theseme apho sno
only acili a e hea icula iono oman ic eelingsbu alsose e os eng hen
he emo ional bond be ween pa ne s by allowing o bo h uni e sally and
cul u ally ele an exp essionso lo e ha esona edeeplywi hin hei social
con ex . Addi ionally, by employing he p inciple o concep ual mappings,
S aipsniai / A icles 305
Explo ing Endea ing Me apho s among Swahili You hs
in Mombasa Coun y, Kenya: Insigh s om Concep ual Mappings
he esea chillus a eshow heseme apho sse easb idgesbe weenabs ac
eelings and angible exp essions, hus, enabling indi iduals o a icula e
complexemo ionsinacul u ally esonan manne .Themappingsno only
illumina e hecul u alandemo ionalcon ex s ha shape heuseo a ec iona e
e msbu alsohighligh hedynamicna u eo heSwahililanguageasi e ol es
o e lec hein icacieso human ela ionships.
In he con ex o he Swahili language, he use o endea ing me apho s
eme ges as a powe ul means o communica ing lo e and a ec ion. These
me apho icalexp essionsen ichin e pe sonal ela ionshipsbywea ing oge he
cul u al aluesandemo ionaldimensions.Thisallowsindi iduals ocon ey
hei eelingsinways ha esona edeeplywi h hei pa ne s.Thes udyalso
concludes ha endea ingme apho sa eno me elydeco a i elanguagebu
essen ialcomponen so heSwahililexicon ha encapsula e hebeau yand
complexi y o oman ic exp ession. Thus, he e ec i e use o me apho ical
languagein heSwahilicon ex se esasa es amen o hep o oundconnec ions
ha lo eanda ec ion o gewi hin hecul u al ab ico MombasaCoun y.
6. RECOMMENDATIONS
The s udy ecommends he useo he p inciple o concep ual mappings
oin e p e emo ionalme apho ssuchas heendea ingones.Thisp inciple
p o ides deepe insigh s in o how abs ac emo ions a e s uc u ed and
unde s ood h ough mo e angible and amilia expe iences. Concep ual
mappingsalsohelp ounco e hecul u alandcogni i epa e ns ha in luence
emo ionalexp ession,hence,enhancingc oss-cul u alcommunica ion.
Mo eo e ,s udyingemo ionalme apho ssuchasendea ing e msusing he
Cogni i eLinguis ics(CL) amewo kis ecommended.ThisisbecauseCLallows
o acomp ehensi eanalysiso how hese e ms e lec unde lyingcogni i e
p ocessesandcul u alin luences.Thisapp oachcan e eal heme apho ical
and concep ual s uc u es ha shape a ec iona e language which helps o
enhanceou unde s andingo howpeopleexp essin imacyandconnec ion.
Mo eo e ,CLp o ides aluableinsigh sin o hedynamicin e playbe ween
language, hough ,andsocialin e ac ion, hus,o e ingp ac icalapplica ionsin
communica ionand ela ionships udies.
VICTORO.NTABO,CATHERINEW.NDUNG’U
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Susiža ėjimąiš eiškiančiųme a o ų, a ojamų
Mombasosapsk i ies,Kenijoss ahilių
jaunuolių, y imas:įž algosiškoncep ų
žemėlapių
SANTRAUKA
Ty imome ubu onag inėjamossusiža ėjimąiš eiškiančiosme a o os,ku iasdažniau-
siai a ojas ahiliųjaunuoliaiMombasosapsk i yje,no ėdamiužkalbin isa omylimąją.
Ty imepažymima,kadšiosme a o osy alabais a biosska inan in ymumą oman iškuose
san ykiuose.Me a o osy ažodinėmeilėsi emocinioa umoiš aiška,s ip inan ipa ne-
ių yšį.Mombasosapyga doss ahiliųjaunuolių a pe ie inėssusiža ėjimąiš eiškiančios
me a o os u igilųkul ū inįkon eks ą,ku iss ip inapa ne ių yšį.Tokiosme a o oskaip
habibi (mano mylimasis, -oji)i moyo wangu (mano ši dis)dažnai a ojamosp ie aišumui
iš eikš i.Be o,susiža ėjimąiš eiškiančiųme a o ų a ojimaspadedaku isaugiąe d ę,
ku iojea i ai eiškiamameilėi p iimamaspažeidžiamumas.Me a o os aippa p ime-
naabipusįsusiža ėjimą.Pas ebė a,kadMombasosapsk i iesjaunuoliai,no ėdamiiš eikš i
meilęi oman iškuske inimus, a ojapoe iniusp ie aišumožodžius,kylančiusiš eikš-
mingųkul ū inių adicijų.Šiosme a o osįp as usposakiuspa e čia im aispa eiškimais
aipsuku damosbend ąemocinį kolo i ą, a spindin įunikaliąs ahilių oman ikos dina-
miką.Šiame y imeme a o osbu oanalizuojamospe koncep ualiosiosme a o os eo i-
josp izmę.Išnag inė a,kaipjosa spindikul ū iness ahiliųgalan iškumosub ilybeska -
ua skleisdamoskalbos,min iesi adicijųsą eiką.Duomenysbu osu ink iin e iusu
s ahiliųjaunuoliaisme u.Jiea skleidė,kaipme a o ospe eikiameilęka uišpildydamos
S aipsniai / A icles 309
Explo ing Endea ing Me apho s among Swahili You hs
in Mombasa Coun y, Kenya: Insigh s om Concep ual Mappings
i kul ū iniusmeilika imolūkesčius.Taipab ėžiakalbos aidmenį o muojan oman ikos
su okimąbend uomenėje.
Ty imome ubu onus a y osi išanalizuo ossep yniossusiža ėjimąiš eiškiančiosme-
a o os,ku iasdažniausiai a ojas ahiliųjaunuoliai,no ėdamiužkalbin isa omylimąją.
Suda iuskoncep ųžemėlapiusnus a y a,kad am ik oss i ys, okioskaipgėlės,paukščiai,
ledasi medus,y ame a o ųiš akųs i ys,ku ioseabs akčiosmeilėsi susiža ėjimosą o-
kosg indžiamospažįs amais aizdais.Pa yzdžiui,me a o ajauna mo e is y a ožės žiedas
emiasig ožio,g akš umoi š elnumoasociacijomis,a spindinčiomiss ahiliųjaunųmo-
e ųpa auklumoi pažeidžiamumosą oką.Panašiaime a o ajauna mo e is y a paukš elis
iš yškinaelegancijos,nep iklausomybėsi nekal umob uožus,omylimoji y a ši dies ledas
suponuoja amybę, i umąi paslap ingumą, .y.ypa ybes,ku iass ahilių y aisiejasu
oman iškaissan ykiais.Galiausiai,kalban apiemylimąžmogųkaipapiemedų,iš eiškia-
mossaldumo,p isi išimoi mais oypa ybės,simbolizuojančios oman iškųsan ykių ei-
kiamąšilumąi pas o umą.Kiek iename a o ai a i inkamikoncep ųžemėlapiaia spindi
kul ū ines e ybesi emocinįgylį,ku įšiejaunuoliaip iski iameileii meilėssan ykiams,
aizduodamisa omylimąsiaskaippuoselėjamas,g akščiasi ža iais a biasjųgy enimo
igū as.Taigišisme a o ų y imaspab ėžias ip ųpe kel inėskalbospo eikįiš eiškian su-
dė ingusmeilėsjausmusi a skleidžiakul ū iniupožiū iupag įs ąMombasoss ahiliųjau-
nuolių oman ikospe spek y ą.
Į eik a2024m. ugpjūčio5d.
VICTORO.NTABO
Depa men o Languages, Ka a ina Uni e si y
P. O. Box 1957-10101
Ka a ina, Kenya
n abo ic [email p o ec ed]om
CATHERINEW.NDUNG’U
Depa men o Languages, Ka a ina Uni e si y
P. O. Box 1957-10101
Ka a ina, Kenya
cwai he [email p o ec ed]om