M. Petkevičiaus katekizmo (1598) denominatyviniai veiksmažodžiai

Li huanian Linguis ic Ac This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. Con en s linked o Tu in e e ence ISSN 2669-218X (online o elec onically) This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. Published by he Ins i u e o he Li huanian Language. This is an Open Access a icle dis ibu ed unde he e ms o he C ea i e Commons A ibu ion License, which allows un es ic ed use, dis ibu ion, and ep oduc ion in any medium, p o ided he o iginal au ho and sou ce a e c edi ed. Published by he Li huanian Language Ins i u e. This a icle is open access, dis ibu ed unde he e ms o a C ea i e Commons A ibu ion-Sha eAlike License ha allows unlimi ed use, dis ibu ion, and ep oduc ion o he con en on any medium, including au ho s and sou ce. Recei ed by Gau a: 2024-08-01. Accep ed: Accep ed by: 2025-01-24. 1 M. PETKEVIČIAUS CATEKIZMO (1598) DENOMINATYVINIAI I is also known as he "Ca echism o he Ca holic Chu ch". The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion. Denomina ional Ve bs in he Ca echism o M. Pe ke ičius (1598) This is ANELIKA SMETONIAN. Ins i u e o Li huanian Language The El. The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion. The di ec ion o scien i ic esea ch: wo d making. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal. The i s edi ion o he Ca echism o S . Pe e was published in 1598 and is en i led "The S udy o he Ca echism o S . Pe e ." In his sou ce, 70 such e bs a e ound, hey a e di ided in o ou denomina i e ca ego ies: he meaning o making, he meaning o con o ming o he s a e, he meaning o he s a e and he meaning o pa icipa ion. The a icle p esen s he equency o PK denomina i e e bs, he cha ac e is ics o he basic wo ds, in gene al he endencies o PK denomina i e e bs, emphasizing he mo e complex cases o e b in e p e a ion. ESMINIAI WORDS: ac ion wo ds, denomina ions, he ca ego y o he wo k, he p e ace. This is a e y impo an poin . The a icle p esen s a s udy o he denomina i e su ix e bs in he Ca echism o M. Pe ke ičius (PC) published in 1598. A o al o 70 such e bs we e ound in his sou ce, and hey a e di ided in o ou ca ego ies o denomina i e e bs: ac i i e, simila i e, s a i e, and pa icipa o y. The a icle p esen s he equency o PC denomina ional su ixes, he ea u es o he base wo ds, and he gene al ends in he de i a ion o PC denomina i es. The pape also ocuses on he mo e complex cases o de i a ional in e p e a ion. KEYWORDS: denomina ional e bs, ca ego y o de i a ion, su ix. The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion. The Ca echism o Me kel Pe ke ičius (la e […] PK) has no been s udied o his day. I was i s discussed in mo e de ail by Jono K uopo (1970), bu hese a e mo e gene al commen s. The Ca echism o he Ca holic Chu ch is o en e e ed o as he " e o med" Ca echism. 2 This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. Recen ly, he PK lexicon, mos commonly he bo owing (Sme onienė 2016; 2017; 2018; 2019a; 2019b), and he addi ion o e bs (Sme onienė 2021) ha e been s udied. In his a icle, a en ion is paid o denomina i e p eposi ions o e bs, i.e. e bs om nouns. Al hough he wo k o con empo a y Li huanian spellchecke s has been s udied, he spellchecke s o he old sc ip ha e so a been s udied li le, in his a ea mainly w i en by Ju gis Pake ys (2005; 2017; 2019; 2015); A kadie , Pake ys and Dalia Pakalniškienė (2019). D. Pakalniškienė (2019: 10) has emphasized ha he s udies o he ca ego ies o he c ea ion o " a ious ch onological laye s" a e ele an and meaning ul as p oduc s o he knowledge and ca ego iza ion o he wo ld, he "o ganiza ion" and e lec ion o he wo ld in language. The pu pose o his a icle is o examine he ca ego ies o PK denomina i e p eposi ional e bs and, i any, o dis inguish be ween PK and he di e ences in his a ea o he cu en Li huanian language. Fo his pu pose, all he o ms o p eposi ional e bs and hei de i a i es, a es ing o he ellowship o he e b, he p esen and he u u e, ha e been selec ed om he ca echism dic iona y o M. Pe ke ičius compiled by J. K uop and he pho og aphic edi ion o his ca echism published in 1939. Ve b conjuga ions (dis inc om p eposi ional e bs, i hei non-p eposi ional e b o ms a e egula , he e is no essen ial di e ence in meaning be ween hem), di ided in o ad e bs and denomina i es. In o al, 70 denomina ions o p e-emp i e ac ion we e ound. As men ioned, he denomina i e p eposi ional e bs a e called edic om nouns, p onouns, p onouns and p onouns o p onoun o igin. T adi ionally, hose who keep he oa h in all s ones a e called oa h- ake s, and hose who do no keep i a e called mixe s. I has also been sugges ed ha hey be called p eposi ional equal and non-equal e bs, espec i ely (Pake ys 2002: 235 […] 236). I is p ecisely hese wo mo phological ypes o p eposi ional e bs ha a e discussed in his wo k. This a icle applies synch onous wo d-making analysis, he main p inciples o which a e o mula ed by Vinco U bu ius (2009 [1978]). The gi en PK denomina i e p eposi ions a e o mally and seman ically based on he basic wo ds, he Vedic and he basic wo d a e linked by he clea mo i a ion o he wo k. In cases whe e he mo i e o ac ion al eady seems dis an , e bs a e no included in he a icle because hey a e conside ed synch onously unclea . Addi ional c i e ia ( equency, quan i y) o de e mining he di ec ion o p oduc ion we e also aken in o accoun when conside ing po en ial compounds and hei base wo ds (U bu is 2009 [1978]: 101). The main o ms o e bs ha a e spelled acco ding o he cu en Li huanian language and e b-w i ing sys em, bu no in PK, a e w i en in b acke s. I is wo h men ioning ha due o he b e i y o he ex , only he meanings o he Vedic and basic wo ds used in PK a e gi en. In some cases, he meaning o he e b is gi en o cla i y he connec ion o he e b wi h he gi en oo wo d a he han wi h ano he o mally possible one. Sepa a ely, i is necessa y o men ion he bo owings, mo e p ecisely, Sla ism, because i is possible o ha e a wo-sided app oach o hem. Some imes i is di icul o dis inguish be ween Sla ic and Li huanian de i a i es o bo owed wo ds, because when a e b and i s common oo a dažodis a e adop ed in o Li huanian om Sla ic languages, he ques ion may a ise whe he he e b connec ion can be es ablished in Li huanian, i.e. 3 Fi s o all, a su name could be bo owed in o Li huanian, om which a e b wi h Li huanian p eposi ions is de i ed. Fo his eason, some imes ob iously bo owed oo e bs a e conside ed equi alen o Li huanian language e bs om bo owed nouns and no o he possibili y is conside ed. This a icle akes a di e en iew. When examining he Sla ic oo e bs, he o mal mo phological associa ions we e i s es ablished (adjec i es a e assigned analogously acco ding o he e bs o he Li huanian language ha a e explici ly p onounced). The e bs usually bo owed om Sla ic languages ha e analogues in Sla ic languages, co espond o he sys em o in eg a ion o Sla ic languages, i.e. by adop ing Sla ic e bs and in eg a ing hem in o Li huanian, he a achmen o p eposi ions is main ained: Polish, Eas Sla ic p eposi ions -o a , -o a o , -a a , -e a . he e bs o he Li huanian language wi h -y i, -ija, -ijo co espond o he Sla ic e bs wi h he p eposi ions -ić (-yć), -i i (-y i), and wi h -i-o i, -i-oja, -i-ojo […] he e bs o he Sla ic languages wi h -ać, -aću (-ać, -ać, -ja). Bo owed e bs in Li huanian, i he common oo wo d also unc ions in he language, can heo e ically be conside ed as e bs in a clea way, bu i s o all i is necessa y o look o po en ial ull ma ches o he bo owed e b in he Sla ic languages o he ime unde conside a ion. When assessing he possibili y o Li huanian language p oduc ion, i is necessa y o ake in o accoun he ca ego y o possible Vedic p oduc ion, c ossing, he meanings o bo h wo ds […] possible Vedic and possible base wo d […], he ch onology o hei a i al in Li huanian. A e he a o emen ioned analysis o bo owings om Sla ic languages, a he han Li huanian denomina i es, he ollowing e bs we e assigned: blūdy i ( źbłudi PK 244.21), [-ija], [-ijo]; [bu sa o i], [-a oja], -a ojo (bu sawoio PK 121,4) This is a lis o he municipali ies o he Czech Republic. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. he ollowing able is inse ed in Annex I: The Commission he e o e concludes ha he aid is compa ible wi h he in e nal ma ke wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c) o he T ea y. Smoking (dumo PK 42,4), smoking (dumoia PK 103,10) and sleeping (nudumoiau PK 57,2); also known as sleep dep i a ion P epa edness (p iga awi ą PK 111.26), -ija (ga a ii PK 51.7), -ijo (ga awiima PK 205.15) The ollowing de ini ions shall apply: [g ol a o i], -a oja (gwoł awoiami PK 191,13), [-a ojo], which is he name o he game. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. The Cou o Jus ice o he Eu opean Communi ies I is also known as paku a o i (paku awo umbim PK 147,6), [-a oja], [-a ojo]; o be eleased PK 73,2, [-ija], [-ijo]; ėdy i [ edi i PK 149,27], [-o], -ė (pa edey PK 142,10) and many o he s. This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. Ca ego ies o goods The e a e signi ican ly ewe e b p eposi ions compa ed o nouns, so he same e b p eposi ions can belong o di e en ca ego ies o e bs. The e a e ou main ca ego ies o P.K.s: sequen ial, con ingen , condi ioned, and pa icipa o y. They a e o med wi h he p eposi ions -(i)au i, -en i, -e i, -in i, -y i, -(i)o i, -(i)o i. Mos o hem a e o Vedic signi icance. 1.1. Sequence indica es an ac i e ac ion by which some hing is c ea ed. The gene al meaning o he ca ego y is ‘ o do ha o ha which is said by he base wo d (DLKG 1997 [1994]: 387). The e bs o he subjunc i e meaning can ha e di e en shades o meaning ha depend on he oo wo d, o example, o ha den o make ha d, o glo i y o gi e glo y. This ca ego y o wo k is 4 accompanied by he ollowing annexes: […] o ma k, o ma k, o ma k […] LKŽe: ma k […] some emaining ma k, oo p in ; con ac ual a i icial objec o igu a i e ma k, ma king and he like LKŽe; and • -in i, -ina, -ino: [close], -ina (close o PK 183.10), [-ino]: nea (place o ma k) […] LKŽe; ugly (no o be con used wi h PK 209,6), -ina ( o be con used wi h PK 72,25), [-ino]: ugly […]who is ugly, ugly, ugly, ugly, ugly[…] LKŽe; [Pg 116, 10] [Pg 116, 10] [Pg 116, 10] [Pg 116, 10] [Pg 116] [Pg 116] [Pg 116] [Pg 116] [Pg 116] [Pg 116] [Pg 117] [Pg 117] [Pg 117] [Pg 117] [Pg 117] [Pg 117] [Pg 118] [Pg 118] [Pg 118] [Pg 118] [Pg 118] [Pg 118] [Pg 129] [Pg 129] [Pg 129] [Pg 129] [Pg 129] [Pg 129] [Pg 129] [Pg 129] [Pg 129] [Pg 129] [Pg 129] [Pg 129] [Pg 129] [Pg 129] [Pg 129] [Pg 129] [Pg 129] [Pg 129] [Pg 129] [Pg 12] [Pg 12] [Pg] [Pg] [Pg] [Pg] [Pg] [Pg] [Pg] [Pg] [Pg] [Pg] [Pg] [Pg] [P] [P] [P] [P] [P] [P] [P] [P] [P] [P] [P] [P] [P] [P] equency LKŽe; he plu al (dauksink PK 118, [-ina], [-ino]: he plu al […]daugus, gausus, aps us[…] LKŽe; [inc ease], [-ina], -ino (inc ease PK 31,19): g ea ‘ amous o i s size, la ge; ma u e, adul , o an olde age, and so on. LKŽe; and o be iends (PK 6,24), o be joined o a iend, o associa e wi h LKŽe: o be iends, o be iends; he communi y, he iendship; a g oup o iends o he same gene a ion, e c. LKŽe; and D u in i (d u in i PK 79,6), [-ina], [-ino]: d u as ‘s o as, which means ha he d u in i a e he ones who a e he s onges . wi h a lo o s eng h, s ong LKŽe; In he case o he Uni ed Kingdom, he Cou o Fi s Ins ance has ju isdic ion o hea he appeal agains he judgmen o he Cou o Fi s Ins ance. In he case o he Uni ed Kingdom, he Cou o Fi s Ins ance uled ha he Cou o Fi s Ins ance did no ha e ju isdic ion o hea he appeal agains he judgmen o he Cou o Fi s Ins ance. good name […] LKŽe; (G owing up in PK 113,4) [sic] [sic] o a kind used in mo o ehicles ui ul; ou own; ich, wi h a capaci y o LKŽe; The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion. [g ažin i], [-ina], -ino (apg azinay PK 129.8): beau i ul ‘dailus, ha monious composi ion o he sound; Swee LKŽe; [g e in i], -ina (Sug ia in PK 238,4), [-ino]: g e a […]shalia, wi h he slopes, he G eeks, close o each o he […] LKŽe; o accuse (accusing PK 125,23), o accuse, o accuse): o blame o some hing badly done, o ha e done w ong, o ha e sinned, o ha e sinned, o ha e sinned; wo h, dese ed (punishmen ) […] LKŽe; bloody (blooded PK 164.6), [-ina], [-ina]: bloody ‘blooded, bloodied, wi h blood lowing, bloodied; ela ed o bloodshed, gallbladde , blood clo […] LKŽe; he p aise o he p aise o he p aise o he p aise o he p aise o he p aise compa e (see PK 55,11), [-ina], [-ino]: equal o […]wi hou inse ions and ex ac ions, gas; wi hou b anches, unb anched and so on LKŽe; and chee ul (linksmin i PK 144,5), [-ina], -ino (palinksminay PK 70,12): chee ul […] cha ac e ized by joy, un; p omising a good mood, chee ul and so on. LKŽe; and small (mażin usi 72, PK11), [-ina], [-ino]: small ‘which is o small heigh , heigh , small dimensions; no much olde , child o he yea and so on and so o h LKŽe; and minkš in i (iszminksz ink PK 23,23), [-ina], [-ino]: minkš as ‘submi ing o he p essu e o ano he body, easily squeezed; lexible, lexible, no lexible and so on. LKŽe; and [swimming], [-ina], -ino (ina inom PK 22.6): swimming is cha ac e ized by high humidi y, bu ning, as , ho , hick; Quickly ang y, ang y a LKJ; -in ( e u n PK 63,15), -in ( e u n PK 175,14), -in ( e u n PK 201,16): a new one has ecen ly appea ed, been made, acqui ed; no ye used o unde used, e c. […] LKŽe; and [no o be unde s ood], -ina, -ino (is no o be unde s ood) 120,24): no hing […]unnecessa y, unnecessa y, bad, hings o li le alue[…] in he LKŽ; [punished], -ina (punished PK 204.25), [-ino]: he punished ‘who ge s ang y quickly, beha es badly; illed wi h ange , ang y, i i a ed, and so on. LKŽe; and The Commission conside s ha he aid is compa ible wi h he in e nal ma ke wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c) o he T ea y. [Ramin i], -ina (nusi amine PK 66,23) which is used in he manu ac u e o cosme ics 5 calm […] no mo ing o ba ely mo ing; no o be mo ed; which is slow, unma ked and so on and so o h. LKŽe; and The wo d "so e eign" is used in he Bible o e e o a pe son o en i y ha is "so e eign" o "so e eign" o "so e eign" o "so e eign" o "so e eign" o "so e eign" o "so e eign" o "so e eign" o "so e eign" o "so e eign" o "so e eign" o "so e eign" o "so e eign" o "so e eign" o "so e eign" o "so e eign" o "so e eign" o "so e eign" o "so e eign" ela ed o kinship, close ela ionships, e c. LKŽe; and Sa is ied (sa is ied PK 121.18), sa is ied, sa is ied: sa is ied wi h wha you ha e, sa is ied, sa is ied, sa is ied; which does no need much o be ea en, is nu i ious, sa is ying, e c. LKŽe; and [Page 25] (Page 26) (Page 26) (Page 27) (Page 27) (Page 28) (Page 28) (Page 28) (Page 28) (Page 29) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) (Page 30) in good heal h; able o unc ion well, e c. LKŽe; and di icul y (apskinkim PK 149,6), [-ina], [-ino]: he di icul y o weighing he dog; I akes a lo o ene gy, a lo o e o , and so on. LKŽe; and g ee ings (sweykin PK 146,19), [-ina], [-ino]: a wo d o g ee ing, a wish o heal h in LKŽe; oo (iszaknin PK 31,10), [-ina], [-ino]: he pa o he oo o he plan by which i akes oo in he g ound and eeds; he o igin, basis, sou ce and so on. LKŽe; and The e m "glo y" (PK 40,8), "glo y" (PK 150,6), "glo y" (PK 24,10): glo y is he glo y o he public, he espec shown o g ea deeds, wo k, alen , g ea hono ; good name, epu a ion LKŽe; [Sanc i ied], -ina (paszwen ina PK 124,14), -ino (paszwen inay PK 72,9): a sac ed one wi h a e y noble noble pu pose; a dea hea , a g ea espec , and so on. LKŽe; and o co ec (PK 242.12), legal, legal: a igh eous pe son who beha es mo ally, adhe es o mo al no ms, does no lie, can be us ed, is igh eous; co esponding o he u h, based on he u h, mo al equi emen s, e c. LKŽe; and o e i y (con i med by PK 246.22), [-ina], [-ino]: o be ue ‘ eal, o be unde s ood, no o be decei ed; and na u al, pu e . . […] LKŽe; and [ olin i], -ina (a olin PK 173,15), [-ino]: a away ( he place o ma k, whe e some hing is, happens, happens, happens o o which one goes, mo es, c osses); indica es a long pe iod o ime, a long pe iod o ime, a dis an ime in he pas o u u e, e c. LKŽe; and o s eng hen ( wi inki PK 119,4), o be s ong, o be esis an o ex e nal o ces, o be du able; ha ing a lo o physical s eng h, s eng h, s eng h; in good heal h, e c. LKŽe; and alnin i (walnink PK 69.10), [-ina], -ino (iszwalninay PK 30.15): alnas ‘ne a žomas, ee, independen ; unlocked, able o mo e eely, ha ing eedom […] LKŽe; lowe ing (downwa d PK 44,15), -ina (downwa d PK 163,18), [-ino]: low ‘ha ing a small e ical mas , no high; no eaching he no mal le el, alleys, e c. LKŽe; and [link], -ina (in he link PK 125,16), [-ino]: a sign ‘has been o has a isen ma k; a i icial objec o igu a i e ma k, ma king, e c. LKŽe; and • -y i, -ija, -ijo: [di ide], -ija (di ide by PK 7,24), -ijo (di ide by PK 220,21): pa o he ‘a ce ain amoun o he whole hing; he cons i uen elemen o any objec , e c. […] LKŽe; and The glo y (nuga bysiu PK 80,17), he glo y, he glo y, he glo y; good name […] LKŽe; Pechė y i (pećie i umbim PK 208.6), pečija, [-ijo]: pechė is ‘is a ma k o be p in ed; he ma k is p in ed o s amped wi h ha de ice; s amp […] LKŽe; and (P o .19:16) The wo d "s eng hening" means "s eng hening" o "s eng hening" o "s eng hening" o "s eng hening" o "s eng hening" o "s eng hening" o "s eng hening" o "s eng hening" o "s eng hening" o "s eng hening" o "s eng hening" o "s eng hening" o "s eng hening" o "s eng hening". in good heal h; able o unc ion well, e c. LKŽe; and • -y i, -o, -ė: [ o change], change (mayna PK 48,20), change (apmayne PK 133,12): change is o change, o change; change, change and so on. LKŽe; and calm (PK 59,17) 6 [ amo], [ amė]: calmly no mo ing o ba ely mo ing; no o be mo ed; which is slow, unma ked and so on and so o h. LKŽe; and • -o i, -oja, -ojo: o gi e (adjowano PK 38,20), -oja (adjowanoie PK 38,14), -ojo (adjowanoio PK 166,20): a gi is a gi ed hing; and . . […] LKŽe; and • -o i, -o, -ojo: o keep (sa e PK 37,15), [-o], -ojo (sawgaia PK 19,17): o keep sa e ‘p o ec ed om dange s; ese es and so on. LKŽe; and • - o, - o, - o: o lie (KJV 139.27), o lie, o lie: o lie is he law, o lie is he law. Mos o he PK sequences a e homogeneous p eposi ions -in i ediniai. I is his appendix ha is mos cha ac e is ic o his ca ego y. In addi ion, he basic wo ds o his ca ego y and o his p e ix a e usually adjec i es, in which case he meaning o he Vedas ully co esponds o he meaning o he gene al ca ego y o c ea ion (DLKG 1997 [1994]: 387), e.g. o amuse […] o make amuse[…], o dis ibu e […] o make wide[…]. Typical adjec i e sequences d aw a en ion o blood, whe e haplology has occu ed (blood > blood- o-blood > blood- o-blood). F om nouns wi h he p e ix -in i, less Vedic is made, hei meanings ha e di e en shades o meaning. The basic wo ds o he -in i sequen ial PK p eposi ions a e usually abs ac : iend, hono , shame, p aise, glo y. The meaning o such Vedas has a b igh hin o gi ing, o aising, o example, o shame […] o aise shame[…], o p aise […] o gi e glo y[…]. The emaining p eposi ions -in i sequen ial meanings ully co espond o he gene al meaning o he ca ego y (ženklin i o make a ma k) o ha e mo e special shades o meaning (šaknin i o make oo s g ow). Al hough PK is a ela i ely small sou ce, i con ains a e cases o sequences wi h he p e ix -in i whe e he basic wo ds a e p onouns and p onouns: a i, g e a, oli and sa as. The Vedic meanings ully co espond o he meaning o he gene al ca ego y, e.g. app oach […]do, o be close[…], own […]do you own, you own[…] (DLKG 1997 [1994]: 388). I would be wo hwhile o commen mo e b oadly on he Vedas. Mos o he p ecep s o his Vedas a e daik a a dinis (LKG 1971: 261), bu , al hough a ely, he e a e o he basic wo ds […] adjec i es. In gene al, he Vedic meanings o such p ecep s a e almos iden ical o he Vedic meanings o -in i p ecep s. In Li huanian dialec s and old Li huanian sc ip s, hese wo p eposi ions a e some imes used in pa allel, such as PK: hono hono . o s eng hen o s eng hen. In he cu en Li huanian language, he a ian wi h -in i (e.g., aušin i aušy i; gesin i gesy i, e c.) is p e alen . He e, oo, i is wo h paying a en ion o he ac ions o alni y and peče y. As al eady men ioned, his a icle is o he opinion ha i a e b wi h a conspicuously bo owed oo in Li huanian has a bo owed e b nex o i , i.e. a po en ial base wo d, such a e b is no au oma ically conside ed a Li huanian e b. The e b alnin i can be classi ied as a hyb id o Li huanian due o he ob ious eason […] he p e ix -in i does no ha e ma ches in Sla ic languages, in o he wo ds, i co esponds o he de ini ion o hyb ids: […]These wo ds also ha e hei own non-li e al mo phemes in o he languages. Hyb ids usually occu due o calci ica ion, ecycling o loans o h ough wo d p ocessing, using al eady bo owed mo phemes. 7 [1999]: 207). E en i he a o emen ioned change o p ecep s occu ed he e and alnin i is a de i a i e o alny i ( his e b PK is no omi ed), i s ly, adi ionally deb de i a i es a e conside ed hyb ids, secondly, a e analysis, i was ound ha he e b alny i is mos likely a Li huanian language e b om he e b alnas (< sen. us. вольный […]добровольный, commi ed acco ding o one's own desi e; possessing he powe , he igh o ac on one's own will; ee, unhinde ed F ee, independen and so e eign (SRJA III 17); Russian ee, bene olen […] (HSBM IV 165); волный ‘вольны, свабодны; не вінаваты, апраўданы; незалежны, непадуладны; and and len. ee, independen and un es ic ed; ha one can use eely; ha e a pe sonal eedom; and so on. (SS X 292) is no applicable. The e b peche y i could be bo owed om Sla ic languages ( om eas e n Sla s) i only he p eposi ion was aken in o accoun , bu he Sla ic languages o he co esponding age do no ha e e bs ha could gi e p ecisely peche y i […] ind da a suppo only whe e he o m is used […] o ed (old Russian […] печатовати, печативать, прикреплять, запрещать печеть[…] (SRJA 36 XVII); Russian p in ing, p in ing and p ocessing o прикладывать печать, запечатывать печатью, скрепив края документа; закрывать, documen s he ollowing pa ag aph is added: he ea he s. close, close; The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion. Please, Len. o be ea ed as a p isone (SPol XXIV 44)). Thus, peche y i could be conside ed a Vedic om he bo owed peche as (< old Russian: печать […]знак, symbol, ace, imp in ) чего-л.; прибор с выпуклыми знаками для оттискивания их на чем-л; печать, печатка; he ollowing able is inse ed: igu a i ely ‘p in seal (p in ), usually on a piece o wax, lead, which was a ached, a ached o he documen ; he imp in […] (SRJA XVII 36); Russian seal, seal, seal, seal, seal, seal, seal, seal, seal, seal, seal, seal, seal, seal, seal, seal, seal, seal, seal, seal, seal, seal, seal, seal, seal, seal, seal, seal, seal, seal, seal, seal, seal, seal, seal, seal, seal, seal, seal, seal, seal (The insc ip ion o his sign, made o wax, lead and lead and a ached by a ope o he documen in place o he insc ip ion) seal (SSM II 143). Mos o he PK equi alence sequences a e ypical Li huanian-language sequences o his ca ego y, as i is unusual o e bs o be calm and lying. The la e e b is dis inguished by i s oo wo d […] DLKG men ions ha he p eposi ions -o i, -uoja, -a o a e made o he Vedic meanings o he oo wo d mos o en go o he conc e e nouns (DLKG 1997 [1994]: 388), bu mela i, -uoja, -a o is de i ed om he abs ac melas. Pe haps ha is why i s meaning is somewha dis an om he meaning o he gene al ca ego y and is " o ell a lie". Ano he e b is mo e in e es ing because o i s o m. In he cu en Li huanian language and in gene al in ancien w i ings, i is no common o calm down, bu knowing ha he e is a pa allel be ween p eposi ions -in i -y i, such a e b is comple ely belie able, bu a e. How much do non-linea sequences s and ou om his g oup? The e a e signi ican ly ewe o hem. In he cu en Li huanian language, he p e ix -ė i and i s a ian s a e no longe associa ed wi h any nouns, howe e , he opposi ion be ween he nouns ma ked and ma ked is clea , so he noun is assigned o he nouns clea ly. The Busan Vedas, also known as he S a i es, a e a se o 12 s a ic s a es o inde ini e du a ion associa ed wi h a gi en basic wo d. The gene al meaning o he ca ego y can be explained as being 8 o such and such; o eel, o ha e wha is said in he basic wo d. In he case o he i s wo, he i s wo a e usually used in conjunc ion wi h he i s h ee, as in he case o he i s h ee, as in he case o he i s h ee, as in he case o he i s h ee. [wikipedia.o g] [wikipedia.o g] [wikipedia.o g] [wikipedia.o g] [wikipedia.o g] [wikipedia.o g] [wikipedia.o g] [wikipedia.o g] [wikipedia.o g] The e a e also se e al ypes o PK s and a achmen s: • -au i, -auja, -a o: [pa eikau i], [-auja], -a o (pa eikawiman PK 234,20): has been used ‘ a o , kindness and so on. LKŽe; and o oppose (p ies a au i PK 78,25), [-auja], [-a o]: o oppose is o oppose, o qua el; a decision in which one opinion con adic s ano he opinion, con adic ion, e c. LKŽe; and [ e e ence], -auja ( e e ence PK 205,25), [-a o]: a ma e is a wo k, a ask, an in e es ; necessi y, necessi y, need and so on and so o h. LKŽe; and The ollowing de ini ions shall apply: (a) (a) (b) (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) ( ) ( ) ( ) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) ough, ough, e c. LKŽe; and • -en i, -ena, -eno: o li e (giwen i PK 71,2), [-ena], [-eno]: a li ing pe son who has a li e, who li es, who has no died, e c. LKŽe; and • This, his, his is: gaye i (gayle i PK 71,11), gayli (gaylis PK 84,15) and -ėja (nesigayleia PK 164.4, - wen o: he gallus […] galles ing; he peni en ial alue, he g ain, he po e y, he po e y; sadness and sadness LKŽe; and I 's a shame, i 's a shame, i 's a shame, i 's a shame, i 's a shame, i 's a shame, i 's a shame, i 's a shame [need], wan (no wan PK 133,19), [-he]: desi e ‘in e nal u ge o do some hing, o ge some hing, o ha e, o sa is y onesel ; he powe o decide, he will and so on. LKŽe; and • -o i, -oja, -ojo: abejo i (abeio umbim PK 25,6), -oja (neabeioiam PK 214,11), -ojo is he name o he language spoken in he coun y. (doub ul PK 246,13): doub ul […] doub ul […] LKŽe; he soul (ne siełok PK 59,14), he soul […] he inne psychic wo ld o a pe son, his consciousness, eelings, expe iences; in eligion […] he immo al imma e ial human p inciple ha connec s man o God; spi i and so on. LKŽe; and • - o, - o, - o: o be silenced (no silenced in PK 60,16), o be silenced, o be silenced ‘Susk im imas, ūpes is, ši dgėla LKŽe; This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. g een (źaluodams PK 43,17), [-uoja], [-a o]: g een is one o he main colou s in he spec um, be ween yellow and blue; he colou o g ass LKJ. Wha a e you alking abou ? In he 12 h cen u y, only ou basic wo ds in he Bible a e adjec i es: "li ing," "li ing," "li ing," "li ing," "li ing," "li ing," "li ing," "li ing," "li ing," "li ing," "li ing," "li ing," "li ing," "li ing," "li ing," "li ing," "li ing," "li ing," "li ing," "li ing," "li ing." The emaining base wo ds o he s a i es a e abs ac nouns. One PK s and is o he mixed ype (no e i), ano he one's cu en ime PK a ies […] is ouched and he unw i en o m is gaili, and he p omise is gaile. As you can see, he e b žalio i has he p e ix o i, which is e y common in Li huanian and is common in almos all denomina i e ca ego ies. I g een and g een a e connec ed by an a i icial connec ion, he Vedic meanings can be wo: o be g een and o be g een. Whe he he Vedas a e mu a i e o s a ic can only be deduced om he meaning o he Vedas, which can only be e ealed om he con ex : I will be like a ee plan ed on a g een g ass and will gi e way o wisdom. As can be seen om he PK exce p , in he ca echism his e b is used in he mos common sense ‘ o be g een in he LKŽ, so i is a s a e o being. The lowe case o he iad is he s a e o con o mi y o he meaning o ca ego y 1.3. Fo he mos pa , s a e-complian e bs a e made up o nouns, and he gene al meaning o he ca ego y unc ions is " o do ha , o wo k ha , o ac as said by he base wo d" (DLKG 1997 [1994]: 39), e bs a e in ansi i e. Mos o he PK s a e-complian ediniai 9 a e made wi h he la es addi ion o his ca ego y -(i)au i: king (ka alau PK 113,10), -auja (ka alauien i PK 207,14), [-a o]: king ‘ aldo o, he i le o mona ch in some egions; he pe son holding ha i le and so on LKŽe; and P a akau i (p a akau i PK 160,18), [-auja], -a o (p a akawa PK 178,3): he announce o he e en s o he pas ; Holy in hea en, God's help, LKJ; se an ( a nau umbim PK 22,21), -auja ( a nauia PK 227,5), [-a o]: a se an ‘a domes ic se an who pe o ms a ious asks o de ed by he mas e , se ing him; he sla e LKŽe; he ule (wieszpa aus PK 85,17), [-auja], [-a o]: he ule […]any man who has any powe , he ule ; he sup eme being, God, and so on. LKJ. Wha a e you alking abou ? Some o he meanings o he ma ching o he abo e-men ioned Vedas a e o make kings and lose s ou o deb o s. The king is a assal o he old clade, he came om he eas e n Sla s (plg. old Russian: король […]король, правитель[…] (SRJA VII 338), he king o he Rus' […]король, монарх[…] (HSBM XVI 21). LKZ has no o eign o igin, so a leas LKZ and kingship a e no known as hyb ids, i.e. hey a e no used in he cu en Li huanian language, al hough o mally kingship is no di e en om losing. The la e e b is classi ied as a hyb id, because i s oo wo d p a akas ‘p anašas came in o Li huanian language in la e imes (< old Russian: пророк, p edсказатель, предвестник (SRJA XX 207)); The Russian p ophe , he p ophe , he p ophe , he p ophe (HSBM XXIX 213); and len. The wo d "p ophe " is de i ed om he e b " o p ophesy" (P ophe xxxxxxxxxxx) and he e b " o p ophesy" is a s a e-complian e b, oday pe cei ed as a ypical hyb id: i s p e ix has no analogues in Sla ic languages and does no belong o he Sla ic in eg a i e sys em ( aking in o accoun he Sla ic e bs, he e b should be -a o i). I has a oo wo d, a loanwo d, a Sla ic oo . Assigning one e b o his ca ego y is p oblema ic. The p e ix -in i, al hough a e in he ca ego y o con o mi y o he s a e, is ne e heless possible, so he e b o aise ( zauklin u [- 239,21), [-ina], could belong o i , he base wo d would be he noun PKlė ‘nešio ė, aikų auklė oja LKŽe. Howe e , he DLKG s a es ha such p eposi ion s a e compliance e bs a e in ansi i e, and in his case he e b is ansi i e. 1.4. The meaning o pa icipa ion in he Vedic P.K. is o igh (ka iau P.K. 141.17), [-iauja], [-ia o]: he wa is o igh , o ca e, o che ish LKŽe; as ing ( o as ing PK 88,26), [-auja], [-a o]: as ing […] abs aining om ce ain oods (e.g. mea , old and milk) on he days se by he eligion […] LKŽe. Al hough he e b o sigh is a hyb id, bo h wo ds in his ca ego y a e ypical pa iciple e bs o he e b ca ego y ediniai […] hey ha e he p eposi ion -(i)au i ( he e bs in his ca ego y a e only done wi h he p eposi ions -(i)au i and -(i)o i), hei base wo ds a e abs ac nouns. The ca ego ies o he Glaus ai PK denomina ions, he equency o hei base wo ds and he p oduc i i y o p eposi ions a e gi en in he able (see able).