Kirčio atitraukimas XX a. 6–7 dešimtmečių rytų aukštaičių uteniškių patarmės rankraštiniuose šaltiniuose

Li huanian Linguis ic Ac This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. Con en s linked o Tu in e e ence ISSN 2669-218X (online o elec onically) Copy igh 2025 by Vilija Ragaišienė. This is a lis o people who we e bo n in, esiden s o , o o he wise closely associa ed wi h Vilija Ragaišienė. Published by he Ins i u e o he Li huanian Language. This is an Open Access a icle dis ibu ed unde he e ms o he C ea i e Commons A ibu ion License, which allows un es ic ed use, dis ibu ion, and ep oduc ion in any medium, p o ided he o iginal au ho and sou ce a e c edi ed. Published by he Li huanian Language Ins i u e. This a icle is open access, dis ibu ed unde he e ms o a C ea i e Commons A ibu ion-Sha eAlike License ha allows unlimi ed use, dis ibu ion, and ep oduc ion o he con en on any medium, including au ho s and sou ce. Recei ed by Gau a: 2025-04-18. Accep ed: Accep ed by: 2025-05-14. 1 A.C.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.- S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.- S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S.S. S ess Re ac ion in he Manusc ip Sou ces o he Eas e n Os ich Subdialec o U ena om he 1950s and 1960s WILLIAM WITNESS: I'm no su e ha 's he case. Ins i u e o Li huanian Language The e-mail add ess is ilija. [email protected] This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. Resea ch a eas include accen ology, dialec ology, e hnolinguis ics, and lexicog aphy. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal. The a icle examines he Li huanian language om he poin o iew o ansli e a ion in he a chi es o he Li huanian Language Ins i u e Geolinguis ics Cen e in Ta myna, p ese ed in he 20 h cen u y. he ma e ial o he sou ces o he eas e n high- ise apa men buildings. The aim o he s udy is o de e mine he e ec o he c oss-sec ional mo emen in he middle o he wen ie h cen u y in he U enish se lemen , o discuss he na u e o he phenomenon and i s p e alence in he se lemen a ea. The analysis shows an une en and a he la e sepa a ion o he c oss as a o ma ion in he igh u eniškių pa a mė. Based on he eas e n eas e n […] kupiškėnų, anykš ėnų and u eniškių […] highlands Le pcige okiečių o he linguis F anco Špech o in he edi ion Li auische Munda en gesammel on A. Ba anowski published in he nine een h cen u y 7[…]9 deš. ex s and 20 h cen u y 67 AD. The in o ma ion on he desc ip ions o he ske ches is p o ided in he new obse a ions on he na u e o he wi hd awal o he c oss in he ad ice o he doc o s. I is assumed ha he Li huanian language a las (1982) compiled a weak condi ional sec ion on he a ea o depa u e o he c oss in he no he n slopes o he slopes and in he wes e n slopes o he 20 h cen u y. a mo e in ensi e, a he han a weake , ac o condi ional disengagemen o he c oss was o med. ESMINIAI WORDS: he eas e n highlands o he U eniski, he displacemen o he c oss, he di iding line, he ki is, he skiemuo, he manusc ip sou ce. This is a e y impo an poin . The a icle examines manusc ip sou ces o he Eas e n Augus ian subdialec o U ena om he 1950s and 1960s, s o ed in he Dialec A chi e o he Cen e o Geolinguis ics a he Ins i u e o he Li huanian Language, om he pe spec i e o accen ua ion. The s udy aims o iden i y he s ess e ac ion phenomena ha we e in e ec in he U ena subdialec in he mid-20 h cen u y and o discuss he na u e and dis ibu ion o his phenomenon wi hin he 2 subdialec a ea. The analysis e eals an une en and a he la e o ma ion o s ess e ac ion as a ule in he U ena subdialec . D awing on 19 h-cen u y ex s ( om he 1860s o he 1880s) co e ing he subdialec s o Kupiškis, Anykščiai, and U ena (which belong o he eas e n pa o he Eas e n Os o-Aus ian dialec ), published by he Ge man linguis F anz Spech in Li auische Munda en, as well as 20 h-cen u y desc ip ions o subdialec s ( om he 1950s and 1960s), he a icle p o ides new insigh s in o he na u e o s ess e ac ion in he U ena subdialec . I is assumed ha be ween he 1950s and mid-1960s, a mo e in ense a he han a weak condi ional s ess e ac ion ule was o ming in he no he n pa and wes e n pe iphe y o he U ena subdialec , an a ea p e iously assigned o he weak condi ional s ess e ac ion by he compile s o he A las o he Li huanian Language (1982). KEYWORDS: Eas e n Uppe dialec o U ena, s ess e ac ion ule, double-peaked s ess, syllable, manusc ip sou ce. The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion. The phenomena o he wi hd awal o he chu ches ha ope a e in he eas e n high- ise apa men buildings ha e ecei ed li le a en ion om esea che s un il now. In he scien i ic li e a u e, he na u e o he sepa a ion o he ci cle is discussed qui e agmen a ily in he scope o his ad ice. I is mos o en s a ed ha he ki is is wi hd awn om he umposius limb only in a pa o he u eniškių a ea […] in he no hwes e n slopes and in he wes e n subu bs nea he anykš ėnai and ši in iškių pa a mių (Zinke ičius 1966: 447, c . No. 2; LKT 1970: 34[…]35). Ea lie wo ks in dialec ology ha e sugges ed ha he e a e wo laws o he wi hd awal o he weak condi ional and he mo e in ense condi ional […] c oss: Mol abou us, Suginčiūs, Debeikiūs, Debeemun lį, Sù ieką ki is is wi hd awn om he umposius end o he skiemenį, which is o med by he longes and longes in he dis ic s o ie, uo, Rõkiškio and Obėki bu be o e he long skiemen (LKA II 123124, see No. 105; G ina ičiū ė-Ke ienė, U bana: 1974: 74). In ecen yea s, he e has been a iew ha he a ea o he ees in ques ion is only expe iencing mo e in ensi e condi ional elling (LKTCH 2004: 126127; RAU 2010: 35). And on he ou ski s o he u eniškių a ea, in he no he n pa o he […] Vabalniñko slope, he […] ki is is de ached om he umposius end in o he p e-las bo h he long and he sho skiemen (Zinke ičius 1966: 447, p. 2; No. LKA II 124, also known as No. 105; LKTCH is he eby epealed. 2004: 126). The da a p o ided in he scien i ic li e a u e on he wi hd awal o he c oss, such as he igh , he ha m in he no hwes e n co ne and in some wes e n subu bs, may indica e changes in his phenomenon h oughou he pa e m a ea. The sou ces, he goals, he me hods. The esea ch ma e ial was collec ed om he 20 h cen u y manusc ip sou ces o he six een h and se en h decades o he Li huanian language, p ese ed in he Ta mių a chi e o he Geolinguis ics Cen e o he Li huanian 1 Language Ins i u e. In collec ing ma e ial o he a las o he Li huanian language, dialec ologis s ha e s udied he se lemen s (poin s) belonging o he eas e n highlands o he U eniski a ea o e wo decades and ha e p epa ed hei linguis ic desc ip ions (see Fig. 2 1). Da a collec ed om almos 3 1 LCA I; and he LKA II; LKA III. This Regula ion shall en e in o o ce on he wen ie h day ollowing ha o i s publica ion. 2 The names and numbe s o he su eyed se lemen s we e de e mined by he au ho s o he Li huanian language a las. 3 The sou ce o he handw i en poin is usually he p esen a ion o he su eyed a ea, he linguis ic ea u es and p esen e s o he slang, he answe s o he lexical, phone ic, mo phological and syn ac ic ques ions o he Li huanian language a las ma e ial collec ion p og am, he ansc ibed ex s (see Ragaišienė 2028: 181183). 3 89 sou ces (app oxima ely 2100 pages) ou o 66 i ems we e ound in he a chi e o all se lemen s in he ou ski s. In analyzing he ma e ial o he manusc ip sou ces, he ex s o he u eniškių 4 pa a mės published in he Li huanian language in he ch es oma ija published in 1970 a e also used. In summa y, he da a ound in he esea ch sou ces can be said o be su icien o discuss he polemic o he wi hd awal o he c usade ha p e ailed in he a ea in he middle o he wen ie h cen u y. The aim o he a icle is o desc ibe he phenomena o c oss-b eeding in he eas e n high-al i ude slums in he middle o he 20 h cen u y and o e eal hei ange in he a ea o he slums. The main asks o he s udy a e: 1) o compile a lis o wo ds ound in manusc ip sou ces in which he wo d ki is can be omi ed; (2) o assess he ela ionship be ween he o ms ha e ained he ki a he end o he wo d and hose ha wi hd ew i o he penul ima e syllable; 3) o de e mine he na u e o he wi hd awal o he c oss in he a ea o he a m. A desc ip i e analy ical me hod is used in he s udy, as well as compa a i e and in e nal econs uc ion me hods. The s udy should be ele an no only o esea che s o he change in he phenomena o accen ua ion o Li huanian dialec s, bu also o esea che s o he de elopmen o he spelling o he Bal ic languages. Fi s o all, because he conclusions p esen ed in he a icle supplemen he published ad ice o kupiškėnai and anykš ėnai o he wen ie h cen u y. he esul s o esea ch in manusc ip sou ces and p o ide new da a on he phenomena o he wi hd awal o he c oss in he a ea o he eas e n highlands o he Eas (Ragaišienė 2017: 176201; 2020a: 8594; 2020b: 211226). The ma e ial o he sou ces o he KIRČIO ATITRAUKIMO REIŠKINIAI: KAITA IR POLINKIAI manusc ip s indica es ha in he 20 h cen u y 67 deš. The sys em o ci cumcision o he eas e n high- anking o ice s was qui e complica ed. Se e al in e ela ed accen ua ion phenomena we e ac i e du ing he pe iod unde s udy: alignmen o he accen ua ion pa adigm, o ma ion o wo ypes o incision […] colony and limb […], analogy o accen ua ion, p ese a ion o he elics o he ancien oo incision (like he cha ac e is ics o he s one) and he igh o m o he wi hd awal o he incision (Rashienė 2024: 184 […] 185). I is no always clea which s one-cu ing o ms a e due o he alignmen o he pa adigm o he o ma ion o a colony-cu ing ype, and which a e ela ed o he emo al o he cu . This is especially ue o snek icks, in which he wi hd awal o he nail is i egula . On he o he hand, accen ua ion phenomena a e discussed, excep o he emo al o he c oss, ela ed o he accen ua ion o unny wo ds. Thus, when assessing he na u e o he wi hd awal o he c oss in speci ic syllables, i is necessa y o ely on he accen ua ion o e b o ms and non-noun wo ds. The esea ch ma e ial indica es ha in he 20 h cen u y, 67 deš. In some pa s o he u eniškių pa a mės a ea, he c op was ha es ed wi h a ying in ensi y […] once egula ly, in o he s o he i s ime o only in indi idual o ms (see Fig. 1). Depending on he na u e (in ensi y) o he phenomenon, he a ea unde conside a ion is di ided in o 5 h ee a eas. In he no he n slopes o he slopes, i.e. in he a ea o Užubaly (87) […] Õnuškis 4 The da a is missing om he h ee poin s […] Vyžuon (275), Aknys lių (307) and Deguli (345). In he Ch es oma ic Li huanian language, only he ex w i en in Vyžuon šnek oje is gi en, in which he e a e no cases o ab oga ion o he c oss The Commission he e o e concludes ha he aid is compa ible wi h he in e nal ma ke wi hin he meaning o A icle 107 (3) (c) TFEU. 5 The numbe o poin s in he Li huanian language a las is indica ed in he b ochu es. 4 The ollowing species a e included in his ca ego y: he ollowing species a e included in his ca ego y: he ollowing species a e included in his ca ego y: he ollowing species a e included in 6 his ca ego y: he ollowing species a e included in his ca ego y: he ollowing species a e 7 included in his ca ego y: he ollowing species a e included in his ca ego y: he ollowing 8 species a e included in his ca ego y: I'm going o go, I'm going o go, I'm going o go, I'm going o go, I'm going o go. I don' know, I don' know, I don' know, I don' know, I don' know, I don' know, I don' know, I don' know, I don' know, I don' know. I'm going o go, I'm no going o go, I'm going o go, I'm going o go, I'm going o go, I'm going o go, I'm going, I'm going, I'm going. I'm going o go, I'm going o go, I'm going o go, I'm going, I'm going, I'm going, I'm going, I'm going, I'm going, I'm going, I'm going, I'm going, I'm going, I'm going, I'm going, I'm going, I'm going, I'm going In addi ion o he usual "sandwiches," he e a e a numbe o o he "sandwiches" ha can be enjoyed in he e ening, such as "sandwiches," "sandwiches", "sandwiches", "sandwiches", "sandwiches", "sandwiches", "sandwiches", "sandwiches", "sandwiches", "sandwiches", "sandwiches", "sandwiches", 9 "sandwiches", "sandwiches", "sandwiches", "sandwiches", "sandwiches", "sandwiches", 10 "sandwiches", "sandwiches", "sandwiches", "sandwiches", "sandwiches", "sandwiches", "sandwiches", "sandwiches", "sandwiches", "sandwiches", "sandwiches", "sandwiches", "sandwiches" and "sandwiches". I don' know wha you' e alking abou . I don' know wha you' e alking abou . I don' know wha you' e alking abou . I don' know wha you' e alking abou . a […] he go e nmen , a. us […] he ga es, i na, ž.si.s […] he ci y o D š. In he manusc ip sou ces o Vabalniñko and Da siškių šnek ų, he e a e some cases o in ensi e condi ional ci cumcision, e.g. wi h k u ki a, èdi Vb; Oh, shake you hand, you' e a doc o . The e a e no cases o a c oss om he unca ed end o he long skele on ha does no wi hd aw om he o ms and a la e al o " wo-headed" c oss in he manusc ip sou ces o he sh ines assigned o he a ea in ques ion. 11 12 13 6 The ansc ip ion o wo ds a ies in he sou ces s udied, he e a e cases o misspellings o spelling mis akes. The ansc ip ion ma ks o he examples gi en in he a icle a e no co ec ed, he lines a e no co ec ed. 7 T ansposed o ms o wo ds ha a e no p onounced a e indica ed unde he ilde sign (). I he ansposed o m, excep o he quo a ion, does no di e om he ansc ibed o m, i is no alid. 8 Skolinys du nas, -à (4) is used in he sense o ‘poo , unwise. 9 The Sla ic wo d pielà (4) is used in he sense o "pickle". 10 The a icle does no p o ide all he examples ound in manusc ip sou ces, no does i indica e he equency o hei eco ding. Many o he wo ds in he desc ip ions o he jokes ha e been epea ed a ew o a dozen imes. Fo example, in he desc ip ion o he ansla ional cha ac e is ics o he Siškų šnek os, he o m i na is gi en 11 imes, […] a […] is […] 10 imes, wi h p u […] ponia […] 4 imes, and so on. 11 Regula ly quo ed in he ex o Da siškių šnek os published in he Li huanian language in ch es oma ija (LKT 1970: 273) This is he case in he Uni ed Kingdom. 12 These o ms should no be conside ed as ules. In he desc ip ion o he ansla ional ea u es o he siški šnek os, i is s a ed ha […] a mė ki į is condi ionally wi hd awn. […]...some imes gene al disloca ion o he spine is obse ed, bu such cases a e e y a e[…] (Ga gasai ė, Misiūnai ė 1958: 6[…]7) This is a lis o people who we e bo n in, esiden s o , o o he wise closely associa ed wi h he ci y o Ga gasai ė. 13 Because o he e m di ide and conque , i is mo e widely used. Gi den in 1978: 75 o 76. The wo-s o ey building is unc ioning in he bounda ies o he wes e n high- ise buildings, he eas e n high- ise buildings, he ou doo buildings, he illas and so on (Gi denis 1978: 75 […] 76; Mikulėnienė, Mo kūnas 1997: 16; Ma ke ičienė 2001: 15 […] 16; U bana ičienė 2006: 224; Ragaišienė 2020b: 214, 219 and so on). This og is also eco ded in he sou he n highland a ea (Leskauskai ė 2004: 164). 5 Figu e one. The eason o he sepa a ion o Ki ch in he 20 h cen u y 67 AD. F om he poin o iew o he in ensi y o he wi hd awal o he Ki ch in he manusc ip sou ces o he U enis, he no he n Panemun lio (177) […] Aleksand a lės (1809) […] K iaun (179) […] Sù ieko (181) and he wes e n pa s o he a ea a e classi ied in he same a ea […] Kiškių (274) […] Sugiñčių (379) […] Biju io (479) […] Giškių (504) […] Alan õs (377) dis ic . In some cases, wi hd awal was a e (only a e cases), in o he s i was i egula (wi hd awal o ms accoun ed o abou 26 o 32 pe cen ). Acco ding o he na u e o he wi hd awal, he a ea in ques ion was also no a uni du ing he pe iod unde in es iga ion. Acco ding o he Li huanian language a las, a weak condi ional c oss emo al law (LKA II 123 […] 124, zml. no. 105) ope a ed he e in he middle o he 20 h cen u y. The ma e ial o he handw i en sou ces indica es ha in he no he n U enish sh ines a mo e in ensi e condi ional disconnec ion o he limb was o med […] ki į he e was inclined o be disconnec ed om he umposius limb o any p e- eco ded long skiing, e.g. αnu […] einu, pi na a, li us, pa di as, di na, di a, pi as ka ias, p igi is, da k i […] da, i na, gi u […] ponia, p a […] u, ka […] anka, u […] an i, giu, giu, na, na, and so on. The use o o ms wi h he c oss "d i i šūniu" (e.g. U bana ičiū ė-Ma ke ičienė, G ina eckis 1992: 12; S undža 1995: 70; Ragaišienė 2020b: 214215; 185) is e idenced by he use o o ms wi h he c oss "d i i šūniu" (e.g. U bana ičiū ė-Ma ke ičienė, G ina eckis 1992: 12; S undža 1995: 70; Ragaišienė 2020b: 214215; 185) in he same con e sa ion. he wo-headed eagle and 14 he d awn eagle, e.g. he 15 owl, he squi el, he u le-do e, 14 I 's a ou -way wine. 15 Kala a is he (2) swinging wheel. 6 he ields, i.e. I 's i e o'clock, i 's lunch ime, i 's i e o'clock, i 's sick, i 's cold, i 's wa m, i 's child en, i 's you, i 's he ields, i 's he people. […] i e, i na Pnm; I'm going o go, I'm going o go, I'm 16 going o go. Two hings indica e he in ensi y, a he han weakness, o he condi ioned c ossing in no he n snails. Fi s , he o ms in which i should be deduced om he long skele on a e spoken wi h a double-edged swo d, e.g. s. nùs […] sūnus, a. nùs […] se nus, sald ùs […] saldo us, ka nàs […] ka ūnas, à […] is, e. n […] eini, ma. šù […] maišu, i. I'm i e, I'm dancing, I'm a gi l, I'm a woman, I'm a man, I'm in a name, I'm in a name, I'm in a name, I'm in a name, I'm in a name, I'm in a name, I'm in a 17 name, I'm in a name, I'm in a name, I'm in a name. Secondly, he use o o ms ha e ain he ki and d aw i in o he p e- inal long skele on o he p imi i e, e.g. iednà i dna biedna, i.e. à a is, i i i i i e, and s i i is he hea and k. . /. See also The si ua ion was di e en du ing he pe iod unde in es iga ion in he ou ski s o he a ea o he wes e n a ms nea he a ms o anykš ėnai and ši in iškių. In mo e han hal o he Snek ex s, he e is an i egula wi hd awal o he ki o any p e-las long skiing, e.g. a nu I go, a u I go, b da, ju di, me ga, pi š u, his us, š i sa, uñ a an a, i na, žm na kʹi ʹu ki iu, miegù, aikùs and k . The Commission shall be empowe ed o adop delega ed ac s in acco dance wi h A icle 26 o supplemen his Regula ion by laying down de ailed ules o he applica ion o his Regula ion. I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . I'm no su e wha you' e alking abou . The ollowing able is inse ed in Annex I: I'm going o he coun yside, I'm going o he coun yside, I'm going o he coun yside, I'm going o he coun yside, I'm going o he coun yside, I'm going o he coun yside, I'm going o he coun yside. Sgn; and I'm no going o die, I'm no going o die, I'm no going o die, I'm no going o die, I'm no going o die. O he , o ci cula c oss-sec ion I'm going o go, I'm going o go, I'm going. […] i e, i s a, […]ška […] ožka, sk […]las […] skyles, a.kus […] child en ai ù […] eisiu, ba zdà, ilg, jaunà, i[…] à […] is, suŋkù […] is di icul , is pu in and so on. The Vdn. In o he snakes, he e a e indi idual cases whe e he ki is is sub ac ed om he unca ed inal skiemens in o he skiemen, which is o med by a long oice, ie, uo o wo-syllable ei, ui, e.g. ka i a, ku nu, ku nus, .bus ūbus (plg. u.bùs ūbus) Lln. Few such cases ha e been ound in he a ea unde conside a ion. 18 19 20 16 A linguis who s udied he language o he illage o Robli in he Panemuni poin poin ed ou ha he elde s o he gene a ion did no wi hd aw he c oss om he sho end o he long b anch, he ep esen a i es o he middle gene a ion in such wo ds " ell wo c osses", and he younge ones wi hd ew he c oss comple ely (G ina eckienė, Ga gasai ė 1956: 4). In he s o ies gi en by he ep esen a i es o he senio gene a ion, he e a e cases o wi hd awal o indi idual chu ches, how many mo e cases o " wo-headed" chu ches a e eco ded. 17 I 's called a "sandwich". 18 The o ms in he ex s o he Sugińcki Snek os, in which he ki is is wi hd awn om he umposius limb in o any p e-paschal long skiemen, accoun o abou 38% (51 cases ou o 13), in he s o ies o he Gi e iškių […] abou 26% (8 cases ou o 31), in he collec ed ma e ial in he Vidniškio dis ic […] abou 22% (7 cases ou o 33). 19 The o m is w i en h ee imes. 20 Some o hese o ms can also be associa ed wi h mo phological pa adigm alignmen o colony-spli ing- ype o ma ion (Ragaišienė 2020b: 222, 2024, 185). 7 XX a. 67 o he yea . The mani es a ions o he sepa a ion o he ci cle we e obse ed in he eas e n and sou he n slopes o he u ensils, which we e no classi ied in he Li huanian language a las as a weak condi ional sepa a ion o he ci cle. The ma e ial o he manusc ip sou ces shows ha his a ea and he wes e n edges o he a ea do no di e subs an ially in e ms o he sepa a ion o he c oss. Eas e n and sou he n slang also has o ms wi h he le e […]d i i šūni[…], e.g. α.nù […] einu, aud jà, su kù […] sunku, e kùs […] eliokus, u ks […] anks i, a.kù […] 21 aiku, i nà Sp and k . As in he sou ces o he e ening hymns, he e a e also ew cases o he ma king o his ype o c oss in he manusc ip s o he mo ning and a e noon hymns. This indica es ha in he 20 h cen u y 67 A.D. The phenomenon discussed in he u eniškių ad ice could be o une en in ensi y, so pe haps no in all cases is he side e ec ma ked. The penul ima e elonga ed skiemuo […] he i s […]d i i šūni[…] c oss-d ess […] could be said o be e en longe han he c oss-d ess and oo indis inguishable om he wi hd awal c oss (see S undža 1989: 184; Gi denis 2003: 95; Ragaišienė 2018: 435). I is possible ha in some cases he esea che s o he peculia i ies o he snails could only indica e he ki in he p e-las skiemeni. The sp ead o he idge in he eas e n and sou heas e n pa s o he pa a m a ea is also e idenced by he occasional cases o he wi hd awal o he idge (see Ragaišienė 2024: 185). In some slang, ki is is mo e o en sub ac ed om a umpe end in o a skiemen, which is o med by ie, uo o a long oice, e.g. li us (pl. ie ùs […] ain, e. aũs […] ain), aud.ni […] ed (pl. audan.s […] ed), s nus […] sūnus (pl. sūnu), i d us […] ied us, i na […] (pl. ienà […] one), i i i […] 22 (pl. ie […] one) Kk ; and I 's no like I don' know wha I'm doing. I don' know wha I'm doing. In o he p o e bs, such as he p o e bs o he e ening, ki is is wi hd awn in o any long skiemen, 23 e.g. a me […] eime, wi h a ba zdu […] ba zda, di nas, g bus […] mush ooms, wi h a pl gu […] plūgu, la ški […] laiške, li us, kas […] hands, sup uñ u […] ši sup an u, us, i na kape ka, ž na Jnš; I'm going o kill you, I'm going o kill you, I'm going o kill you, I'm going o kill you, I'm going o kill you, I'm going o kill you, I'm going o kill you. And one, and elsewhe e o ms wi h he abs ac c oss 24 could be used as g e imines, e.g. diana di na, skū à sk a, sūnùs s nus, ienà i na, o à a and k . Lb; and I don' know wha you' e alking abou . I don' know wha you' e alking abou . I don' 25 know wha you' e alking abou . Bj ; and I. à […] a […] is, pink piñki, pi i […] i e, one o he le o Jnš. I is wo h no ing ha he ki is om he sho leg is e ac ed in o he long one in on o i , bo h he ci cum lex and he acu e skele on (analogical 26 21 The o ma ion o he a ac i e ci cle is connec ed o he double ci cle. The desc ip ion o he linguis ic cha ac e is ics o he Spi -n-Nec a s a es ha he p ocess o sepa a ion o he […]ki i has al eady a ec ed his language. In some wo ds, wo c osses a e clea ly hea d (U bana ičiū ė 1966: 5). 22 I 's called a "kib as". 23 Fo ms wi h a de achable c oss make up less han 10% 24 Skolinys je m is used in he sense o long w apped, milinė. 25 All he o ms ha epel ki ī ound in bo h manusc ip s o he shnek us (suda o 11 pe cen and 9 pe cen ). 26 In he desc ip ion o Labanó o's speech, Jonas Šukys (1958: 5) indica es ha he wi hd awal o he "ki s" is no iced only in wo-syllable wo ds, when he oo is long and he end is sho . 8 accen ua ion endencies a e also cha ac e is ic o eas e n highland a eas, see This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union. 216, 222). The ma e ial o he su i ing manusc ip sou ces indica es an une en and a he la e wi hd awal o he ci cle as a o ma ion in he igh -hand co ne o he u eniškių: in he middle o he 20 h cen u y, he same a ea in he no h and no h-wes e n co ne o he ci cle had al eady been acqui ed, in he no he n Panemun lio (177) […] Aleksand a lės (1809) […] Sù ieko (181) a ea and in he wes e n edges o he anykš ėnai and he b eas o he b eas […]. The ac ha he e m "u ban a ea" began o ake shape ela i ely la e is con i med by he ex s o An ano Ba anauskas o he second hal o he 19 h cen u y (Spech 1920: 52[…]83). In he Vabalnińko (142) sho s o ies in he 27 Li auische Munda en gesammel on A. Ba anowski published in 1920, he ki is was egula ly wi hd awn om he umposios galūnės in o any long skiemen, he Žióbiškio (147) and Vyžuon (275) ex s a e no wi hd awn, only he cases o he pa ieni […]d i i šūnio[…] chu ch a e ound he e, 28 which a e no s a is ically signi ican (Ragaišienė 180 […] 181). In he no he n pa o he a ea o he Kupiškėnai, in he no h-wes e n co ne o he u eniškių and in he wes e n ou ski s o he anykš ėnai, he mo e in ensi e condi ional sepa a ion o he edge o he slope in he sou he n di ec ion ook place du ing he Ba anausko pe iod (see Fig. 2; see mo e Ragaišienė 2015: 180[…]183; 181[…]184; 2020b: 2018: 215). XX a. 67 o he yea . he ma e ial o he manusc ip sou ces indica es ha he ki is was al eady egula ly emo ed in he kupiškėnų pa a mė, al hough no as in ensi ely, and h oughou he a ea o he anykš ėnų pa a mė (Ragaišienė 2018: 185; 2020a: 9093; 2020b: 215216). In he middle o he 20 h cen u y, he adjacen Ki is, which had become es ablished in hese se lemen s, was o med in he wes e n subu b o U enishka and shi ed o he eas e n 29 and sou he n sec s. 27 An anas Ba anauskas, a p o esso a he Kaunas P ies ly Semina y, o ganized his s uden s o collec he ex s o he alks, which he la e sen o he Ge man speake Hugo Webe , be ween 1867 and 1884. 28 The municipali y o Žbiškis An ano Salio is assigned o poin 147 (Ge žo ai ė and k . 2014: 412; see also Ge žo ai ė 2015: 147). Žane a Ma ke ičienė (2011: 306) has also e e ed o his a ea as he poin o he u eniškių pa a mės. 29 The subs a e o he seeds may ha e in luenced he o ma ion o he Ki ch wi hd awal law in hese ecommenda ions (Zinke ičius 2006: 30, 73). 9 Figu e wo. Based on he ma e ial o he manusc ip s o he A. Ba anausko ex s and he manusc ip s o he eas e n highlands, i can be assumed ha in he middle o he 20 h cen u y, he wes e n subu bs o he U enish councils o med a mo e in ense, a he han a weake , condi ional wi hd awal o he chu ch. Fo se e al easons, i may ha e been di icul o he au ho s o he Li huanian language a las o de e mine he ype o abs ac c oss. Fi s ly, because he phenomenon a ied in in ensi y in he adjacen a eas du ing he pe iod unde in es iga ion (see Figu e 1). In some manusc ip s, he o ms wi h a de ached c oss make up abou 21-38%, in o he s only indi idual cases o de achmen o he c oss and (o ) o ms wi h a " wo-sided" c oss ha e been ound. I is possible ha he esea che s may ha e linked he mo phological alignmen o he accen pa adigm wi h he emo al o he c oss (Ragaišienė, 2024). In he manusc ip s o he e ening, mo ning, and e ening chan s, which a ely dis inguish he ki an, mo e han hal o he cases discussed a e o he ci cumsc ibed single-syllable and he plu al-syllable o ms (68 cases ou o 115). I is no ewo hy ha he wo ds o he second syllable, he basis o which is he p e-las syllable, a e p onounced in his way mo e o en, and he long 30 owel and ie, uo, e.g. : 30 The s one is also p one o he c ossing o single-syllable p onoun o ms, e.g. ma.k kla school, s a. kla camp This Decision shall en e in o o ce on he day ollowing ha o i s publica ion in he O icial Jou nal o he Eu opean Union.