Arctic geopolitics – another Greenland conflict in the Nordic Council
Abstract
This working paper provides a brief overview of the Greenland conflict within the Nordic Council and the current developments in the parallel Greenland conflict with the United States. While the international community focuses on the ongoing conflict between the United States and Denmark over control of Greenland, another largely unnoticed conflict concerning Greenland is currently taking place within the Nordic Council. This conflict, also centered on Greenland's status, has reached a critical stage with the now-planned revision of the 1962 Treaty of Helsinki on cooperation between the Scandinavian states. As a result, Denmark must now defend the status quo in Greenland simultaneously against the United States and President Trump on the one hand, and within the Nordic Council on the other, with the threat of losing control over Greenland looming in both conflicts. In 2024, the Faroe Islands and Greenland declared that they would no longer accept their exclusion from Nordic summits on foreign and security policy, to which they were not invited, and that they wished to become full members. An agreement was reached to conduct a legal review of the Helsinki Treaty and a revision is planned in 2026. However, at the end of 2025, the Nordic Council created a fait accompli by amending its rules of procedure, without waiting for the revision of the Helsinki Treaty. Effective January 1, 2026, Greenland, the Faroe Islands, and Åland became equal members of the Presidium and now participate equally in all important decisions of the Nordic Council. Furthermore, they were officially designated as ‘three countries’. The revision of the treaty was declared a priority by the joint presidency of Denmark and the Faroe Islands. The Faroe Islands want to transform Denmark into a confederation of states, although the details (association, federation, dominion, etc.) are still unclear, but the loss of Danish control over Greenland is a very real possibility. According to the Wall Street Journal, the intelligence coordinator Tulsi Gabbard instructed the US intelligence agencies Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), and National Security Agency (NSA) in May 2025 to intensify their gathering of information on the Greenlandic independence movement, whereupon Denmark summoned the US ambassador. In mid-June 2025, the US strengthened Greenland's military ties by removing it from the European Command (EUCOM) and integrating it into the Northern Command (NORTHCOM), which serves homeland defense. A strategy paper was subsequently developed, outlining a concept for the integration and transformation of Greenland. According to the proposal, Greenland would be granted associated status (Associated Territory of the United States), which would give Greenlanders the greatest possible freedoms but also allow the United States to have political influence and the opportunity for a systematic modernization of air, sea, and road transport, as well as of the digital infrastructure. Greenland would then vote on its final status after approximately 10 to 15 years. Further cooperation within NATO and with Denmark would be continued. In addition, the United States is further expanding its military presence: Denmark granted the US military free access to three air bases in Karup, Skrydstrup, and Aalborg on the Danish mainland in 2025. The foreign ministers of Denmark and Greenland met in Washington on January 14, 2026, with Vice President JD Vance and Foreign Minister Marco Rubio. Both sides maintained their positions ("We agree to disagree") but agreed to form a high-level working group. According to the US, this group will conduct technical talks on the acquisition agreement for the U.S. to acquire Greenland, while the Danes assumed that it will focus on resolving the differences. In summary, Denmark is under intense political pressure from two sides simultaneously, and the loss of control over Greenland is a realistic possibility.
Full text
Geopoli ics_G eenland_No dic_Council_2026 1
Apl. P o . D . D . K. Saalbach
Geos a egy and Geopoli ics
Depa men 1
49069 Osnab ueck
A c ic geopoli ics – ano he G eenland con lic in
he No dic Council
19 Janua y 2026
Summa y
This wo king pape p o ides a b ie o e iew o he G eenland con lic wi hin he No dic Council
and he cu en de elopmen s in he pa allel G eenland con lic wi h he Uni ed S a es. While he
in e na ional communi y ocuses on he ongoing con lic be ween he Uni ed S a es and Denma k
o e con ol o G eenland, ano he la gely unno iced con lic conce ning G eenland is cu en ly
aking place wi hin he No dic Council. This con lic , also cen e ed on G eenland's s a us, has
eached a c i ical s age wi h he now-planned e ision o he 1962 T ea y o Helsinki on coope a ion
be ween he Scandina ian s a es. As a esul , Denma k mus now de end he s a us quo in
G eenland simul aneously agains he Uni ed S a es and P esiden T ump on he one hand, and
wi hin he No dic Council on he o he , wi h he h ea o losing con ol o e G eenland looming in
bo h con lic s. In 2024, he Fa oe Islands and G eenland decla ed ha hey would no longe accep
hei exclusion om No dic summi s on o eign and secu i y policy, o which hey we e no in i ed,
and ha hey wished o become ull membe s. An ag eemen was eached o conduc a legal e iew
o he Helsinki T ea y and a e ision is planned in 2026. Howe e , a he end o 2025, he No dic
Council c ea ed a ai accompli by amending i s ules o p ocedu e, wi hou wai ing o he e ision
o he Helsinki T ea y. E ec i e Janua y 1, 2026, G eenland, he Fa oe Islands, and Åland became
equal membe s o he P esidium and now pa icipa e equally in all impo an decisions o he No dic
Council. Fu he mo e, hey we e o icially designa ed as ‘ h ee coun ies’. The e ision o he ea y
was decla ed a p io i y by he join p esidency o Denma k and he Fa oe Islands. The Fa oe Islands
wan o ans o m Denma k in o a con ede a ion o s a es, al hough he de ails (associa ion,
ede a ion, dominion, e c.) a e s ill unclea , bu he loss o Danish con ol o e G eenland is a e y
eal possibili y. Acco ding o he Wall S ee Jou nal, he in elligence coo dina o Tulsi Gabba d
ins uc ed he US in elligence agencies Cen al In elligence Agency (CIA), De ense In elligence
Agency (DIA), and Na ional Secu i y Agency (NSA) in May 2025 o in ensi y hei ga he ing o
in o ma ion on he G eenlandic independence mo emen , whe eupon Denma k summoned he US
ambassado . In mid-June 2025, he US s eng hened G eenland's mili a y ies by emo ing i om
he Eu opean Command (EUCOM) and in eg a ing i in o he No he n Command (NORTHCOM),
which se es homeland de ense. A s a egy pape was subsequen ly de eloped, ou lining a
concep o he in eg a ion and ans o ma ion o G eenland. Acco ding o he p oposal, G eenland
would be g an ed associa ed s a us (Associa ed Te i o y o he Uni ed S a es), which would gi e
G eenlande s he g ea es possible eedoms bu also allow he Uni ed S a es o ha e poli ical
in luence and he oppo uni y o a sys ema ic mode niza ion o ai , sea, and oad anspo , as well
as o he digi al in as uc u e. G eenland would hen o e on i s inal s a us a e app oxima ely 10
o 15 yea s. Fu he coope a ion wi hin NATO and wi h Denma k would be con inued. In addi ion,
he Uni ed S a es is u he expanding i s mili a y p esence: Denma k g an ed he US mili a y ee
access o h ee ai bases in Ka up, Sk yds up, and Aalbo g on he Danish mainland in 2025. The
o eign minis e s o Denma k and G eenland me in Washing on on Janua y 14, 2026, wi h Vice
P esiden JD Vance and Fo eign Minis e Ma co Rubio. Bo h sides main ained hei posi ions ("We
ag ee o disag ee") bu ag eed o o m a high-le el wo king g oup. Acco ding o he US, his g oup
will conduc echnical alks on he acquisi ion ag eemen o he U.S. o acqui e G eenland, while
he Danes assumed ha i will ocus on esol ing he di e ences. In summa y, Denma k is unde
in ense poli ical p essu e om wo sides simul aneously, and he loss o con ol o e G eenland is
a ealis ic possibili y.
Geopoli ics_G eenland_No dic_Council_2026 2
Con en
1 The G eenland Con lic in he No dic Council ...................................................................................... 3
1.1 In oduc ion ................................................................................................................................... 3
1.2 The Re ision o he T ea y o Helsinki ........................................................................................... 3
2 Recen De elopmen s in he Con lic wi h he Uni ed S a es .............................................................. 4
3 Summa y ............................................................................................................................................... 5
4 Li e a u e Re e ences ........................................................................................................................... 6
Geopoli ics_G eenland_No dic_Council_2026 3
1 The G eenland Con lic in he No dic Council
1.1 In oduc ion
This wo king pape p o ides a b ie o e iew o he G eenland con lic wi hin he No dic
Council and he cu en de elopmen s in he pa allel G eenland con lic wi h he Uni ed S a es.
While he in e na ional communi y ocuses on he ongoing con lic be ween he Uni ed S a es
and Denma k o e con ol o G eenland, ano he la gely unno iced con lic conce ning
G eenland is cu en ly aking place wi hin he No dic Council. This con lic , also cen e ed on
G eenland's s a us, has eached a c i ical s age wi h he now-planned e ision o he 1962 T ea y
o Helsinki on coope a ion be ween he Scandina ian s a es.
1.2 The Re ision o he T ea y o Helsinki
The Helsinki T ea y o 1962
1
is he legal basis o he No dic Coope a ion and he No dic
Council, he o icial body o No dic in e -pa liamen a y coope a ion be ween No way,
Sweden, Finland, Denma k, Iceland, and he sel -go e ned coun ies G eenland, he Fa oe
Islands, and he au onomous egion o Åland
2
. Wi hin he No dic Council o Minis e s as
pla o m in e -go e nmen al coope a ion, he Fa oe Islands, G eenland, and Åland a e also
ep esen ed, bu do no ha e o ing igh s
3
.
In 2024, he Fa oe Islands and G eenland s a ed ha hey will no longe accep exclusion om
No dic summi s on o eign and secu i y policy whe e hey we e no in i ed in 2024 and wan
o be ull membe s
4
. The Fa oe Islands h ea ened o exi he No dic Coope a ion: “We A e
ei he All in o No a All”
5
The ull membe s we e ini ially hesi an o g an a new s a us
6
, bu
ag eed on a legal e iew o he Helsinki T ea y, and a e ision is planned in 2026
7
.
Howe e , a he end o 2025, he No dic Council c ea ed a ai accompli by amending i s ules
o p ocedu e, wi hou wai ing o he e ision o he Helsinki T ea y. E ec i e Janua y 1, 2026,
G eenland, he Fa oe Islands, and Åland became equal membe s o he P esidium and now
pa icipa e equally in all impo an decisions o he No dic Council
8
. Fu he mo e, hey we e
o icially designa ed as h ee coun ies
9
. The e ision o he ea y was decla ed a p io i y by
he join p esidency o Denma k and he Fa oe Islands
10
.
The “ h ee in one” concep o Denma k and i s coun ies Fa oe Islands and G eenland is based
on he e m Rigs ællesskabe ha can be ansla ed as ‘Communi y o he Realm’ which indica es
legal equali y be ween he h ee s a es while he Danish go e nmen p e e s he e m ‘Uni y o
he Realm’
11
. The ac i i ies o he Fa oe Islands na u ally also a ec G eenland and a e
suppo ed by G eenland. Howe e , Denma k is ying o a oid hese deba es, as hey could
1
O icial ile o he No dic Council o Minis e s and No dic Council 2018
2
Åland is an au onomous and demili a ized a ea o Finland. The coope a ion is cu en ly egula ed in A icle 44
o he Helsinki T ea y as ollows: “A icle 44 I is in he No dic Council ha he popula ly elec ed assemblies o
he No dic coun ies and hose o he Fae oe Islands, G eenland and he Åland Islands, he Go e nmen s o he
No dic coun ies and he Home Rule Go e nmen s o he Fae oe Islands and G eenland and he Regional
Go e nmen o he Åland Islands co-ope a e.”
3
Ed a dsen 2025
4
Dam 2024, Ed a dsen 2024
5
Ed a dsen 2024
6
Dam 2024
7
Ed a dsen 2025
8
No dic Council 2025. The solu ion o he ques ion how h ee equal coun ies can simul aneously be a
subo dina e pa o o he equal coun ies will be in e es ing.
9
No dic Council 2025
10
No dic Council o Minis e s 2026
11
Denma k 2020
Geopoli ics_G eenland_No dic_Council_2026 4
ul ima ely lead o he dissolu ion o Denma k as a union s a e in o h ee s a es, which would
sh ink Denma k’s land a ea o 43,100 km²
12
.
Models unde discussion include ee associa ions o small island s a es like he New Zealand
model
13
, a ede a ion, he Ne he lands model o cons i u ional coun ies
14
, a Commonweal h,
o a Dominion cons uc whe e mainland Denma k would s ill be la ges ac o , bu only a pa
o legally equal and independen na ion s a es.
Ano he op ion is a ee associa ion. In G eenland, ee associa ion is being discussed as a
possible solu ion, like he a angemen p ac iced by some Paci ic Island s a es wi h he US,
which assumes de ense esponsibili ies bu in e u n has a e o igh on de ense policy (de ense
e o) and s a egic issues ( igh o s a egic denial)
15
. In he A c ic, his could e ec i ely block
Russia and China.
As a esul , Denma k mus now de end he s a us quo in G eenland simul aneously agains he
Uni ed S a es and P esiden T ump on he one hand, and wi hin he No dic Council on he o he
hand.
2 Recen De elopmen s in he Con lic wi h he Uni ed S a es
A he end o Ma ch 2025, US Vice P esiden J.D. Vance, Na ional Secu i y Ad iso Mike
Wal z, and Ene gy Sec e a y Ch is W igh made a b ie isi o he US mili a y base a Pi u ik
in G eenland, al hough no o icial mee ing wi h G eenlandic go e nmen ep esen a i es ook
place
16
. Acco ding o he Wall S ee Jou nal, he Di ec o o Na ional In elligence Tulsi
Gabba d ins uc ed in May 2025 he US in elligence agencies Cen al In elligence Agency
(CIA), De ense In elligence Agency (DIA), and Na ional Secu i y Agency (NSA) o in ensi y
hei collec ion o in o ma ion on he G eenlandic independence mo emen , whe eupon
Denma k summoned he US ambassado
17
.
Bu also Denma k ecognized he need o an in ensi e examina ion o G eenlandic eli es, and
in 2025 Danish esea che s p esen ed a comp ehensi e and de ailed s udy analyzing he
a ilia ions o 2,052 indi iduals wi h 3,412 posi ions in 456 ins i u ions. This s udy iden i ied a
co e g oup o 123 ne wo ked indi iduals in poli ics, adminis a ion, business, and academia
Vi ually all he poli icians had a close biog aphical connec ion o G eenland.
18
In mid-June 2025, he US s eng hened G eenland's mili a y ies by emo ing i om he
Eu opean Command (EUCOM) and in eg a ing i in o he No he n Command (NORTHCOM),
which se es homeland de ense.
19
A s a egy pape was subsequen ly de eloped, ou lining a
concep o he in eg a ion and ans o ma ion o G eenland. Acco ding o he p oposal,
G eenland would be g an ed associa ed s a us (Associa ed Te i o y o he Uni ed S a es), like
Pue o Rico's ini ial s a us
20
, which would gi e G eenlande s he g ea es possible eedoms bu
also allow he Uni ed S a es o ha e poli ical in luence and he oppo uni y o a sys ema ic
12
Tho wa h 2025
13
Pea ce 2025. The Cook Islands and Niue a e in ee associa ion wi h New Zealand wi h independen na ion
s a us, bu hey emain pa o New Zealand.
14
Auswä iges Am 2025. The Kingdom o The Ne he lands consis s o 4 cons i uen coun ies, he Ne he lands,
A uba, Cu acao, and Sin Ma een. All coun ies egula e hei domes ic a ai s on hei own, bu ac oge he i
a ai s o he en i e Kingdom a e conce ned.
15
Lam/Vaughn 2017, Ch is ensen 2024
16
Ha ding/Mu ay 2025
17
O’Rou ke e al., 2025
18
Si e sen e al. 2025
19
Robe son 2025
20
Pue o Rico la e gained Commonweal h s a us.
Geopoli ics_G eenland_No dic_Council_2026 5
mode niza ion o ai , sea, and oad anspo , as well as o he digi al in as uc u e.
21
.
G eenland would hen o e on i s inal s a us a e app oxima ely 10 o 15 yea s. Fu he
coope a ion wi hin NATO and wi h Denma k would be con inued.
22
.
In addi ion, he Uni ed S a es is u he expanding i s mili a y p esence: Denma k g an ed he
US mili a y ee access o h ee ai bases in Ka up, Sk yds up, and Aalbo g on he Danish
mainland in 2025 and accep ed ha Ame ican, a he han Danish, law applies unde he
ag eemen
23
.
Meanwhile, Denma k is in ensi ying coope a ion among all ac o s. In he new 2024–2033
De ence Ag eemen , he Danish Minis y o De ence aims o close coope a ion. In elligence
b ie ings be ween he Danish De ence In elligence Se ice (DDIS) and he Fa oe Islands and
G eenland will be in ensi ied
24
.
In Decembe 2025, he Danish in elligence se ice publicly wa ned o a po en ial mili a y h ea
o G eenland om Donald T ump, who, a e a longe pause, e i ed he G eenland issue a he
end o 2025
25
. A he end o Decembe , a US Special Rep esen a i e o G eenland was
appoin ed: Louisiana’s
26
Go e no Je Land y, who decla ed he acquisi ion o G eenland by
he Uni ed S a es as his goal.
27
The o eign minis e s o Denma k and G eenland, La s Løkke Rasmussen and Vi ian
Mo z eld , me in Washing on on Janua y 14, 2026, wi h Vice P esiden JD Vance and Fo eign
Minis e Ma co Rubio
28
. Bo h sides main ained hei posi ions ("We ag ee o disag ee") bu
ag eed o o m a high-le el wo king g oup
29
, which, acco ding o US s a emen s, is in ended o
conduc “ echnical alks on he acquisi ion ag eemen ” o he U.S. o acqui e G eenland
30
,
while he Danes assumed i was in ended o esol e he di e ences.
Se e al Eu opean coun ies, including F ance, Ge many, G ea B i ain, No way, Sweden, and
he Ne he lands, sen a small g oup o soldie s o assess he si ua ion in G eenland as a sign o
solida i y wi h Denma k
31
, p omp ing US P esiden T ump o h ea en a i s
32
.
3 Summa y
This wo king pape p o ided a b ie o e iew o he G eenland con lic wi hin he No dic
Council and he cu en de elopmen s in he pa allel G eenland con lic wi h he Uni ed S a es.
While he in e na ional communi y ocuses on he ongoing con lic be ween he Uni ed S a es
and Denma k o e con ol o G eenland, ano he la gely unno iced con lic conce ning
G eenland is cu en ly aking place wi hin he No dic Council. This con lic , also cen e ed on
G eenland's s a us, has eached a c i ical s age wi h he now-planned e ision o he 1962 T ea y
o Helsinki on coope a ion be ween he Scandina ian s a es. As a esul , Denma k mus now
de end he s a us quo in G eenland simul aneously agains he Uni ed S a es and P esiden
T ump on he one hand, and wi hin he No dic Council on he o he , wi h he h ea o losing
21
Gunaseka a-Rockwell 2025
22
Gunaseka a-Rockwell 2025
23
Gunaseka a-Rockwell 2025
24
Danish Minis y o De ence 2025
25
Associa ed P ess 2025
26
This has also a symbolic dimension. O iginally, Louisiana was a F ench colony which was much la ge han
he mode n ede al s a e and was sold om F ance o he Uni ed S a es in 1803.
27
Tamsu /Shel on 2025
28
Beigang 2026
29
Tagesschau online 15 Jan 2026
30
Bu ows e al. 2026
31
Bu ows e al. 2026
32
Bi nbaum/Tucke 2026
Geopoli ics_G eenland_No dic_Council_2026 6
con ol o e G eenland looming in bo h con lic s. In 2024, he Fa oe Islands and G eenland
decla ed ha hey would no longe accep hei exclusion om No dic summi s on o eign and
secu i y policy, o which hey we e no in i ed, and ha hey wished o become ull membe s.
An ag eemen was eached o conduc a legal e iew o he Helsinki T ea y and a e ision is
planned in 2026. Howe e , a he end o 2025, he No dic Council c ea ed a ai accompli by
amending i s ules o p ocedu e, wi hou wai ing o he e ision o he Helsinki T ea y.
E ec i e Janua y 1, 2026, G eenland, he Fa oe Islands, and Åland became equal membe s o
he P esidium and now pa icipa e equally in all impo an decisions o he No dic Council.
Fu he mo e, hey we e o icially designa ed as h ee coun ies. The e ision o he ea y was
decla ed a p io i y by he join p esidency o Denma k and he Fa oe Islands. The Fa oe Islands
wan o ans o m Denma k in o a con ede a ion o s a es, al hough he de ails (associa ion,
ede a ion, dominion, e c.) a e s ill unclea , bu he loss o Danish con ol o e G eenland is a
e y eal possibili y. Acco ding o he Wall S ee Jou nal, in elligence coo dina o Tulsi
Gabba d ins uc ed he US in elligence agencies Cen al In elligence Agency (CIA), De ense
In elligence Agency (DIA), and Na ional Secu i y Agency (NSA) in May 2025 o in ensi y hei
ga he ing o in o ma ion on he G eenlandic independence mo emen , whe eupon Denma k
summoned he US ambassado . In mid-June 2025, he US s eng hened G eenland's mili a y
ies by emo ing i om he Eu opean Command (EUCOM) and in eg a ing i in o he No he n
Command (NORTHCOM), which se es homeland de ense. A s a egy pape was subsequen ly
de eloped, ou lining a concep o he in eg a ion and ans o ma ion o G eenland. Acco ding
o he p oposal, G eenland would be g an ed associa ed s a us (Associa ed Te i o y o he
Uni ed S a es), which would gi e G eenlande s he g ea es possible eedoms bu also allow
he Uni ed S a es o ha e poli ical in luence and he oppo uni y o a sys ema ic mode niza ion
o ai , sea, and oad anspo , as well as o he digi al in as uc u e. G eenland would hen o e
on i s inal s a us a e app oxima ely 10 o 15 yea s. Fu he coope a ion wi hin NATO and
wi h Denma k would be con inued. In addi ion, he Uni ed S a es is u he expanding i s
mili a y p esence: Denma k g an ed he US mili a y ee access o h ee ai bases in Ka up,
Sk yds up, and Aalbo g on he Danish mainland in 2025. The o eign minis e s o Denma k
and G eenland me in Washing on on Janua y 14, 2026, wi h Vice P esiden JD Vance and
Fo eign Minis e Ma co Rubio. Bo h sides main ained hei posi ions ("We ag ee o disag ee")
bu ag eed o o m a high-le el wo king g oup. Acco ding o he US, his g oup will conduc
echnical alks on he acquisi ion ag eemen o he U.S. o acqui e G eenland, while he Danes
assumed i will ocus on esol ing he di e ences. In summa y, Denma k is unde in ense
poli ical p essu e om wo sides simul aneously, and he loss o con ol o e G eenland is a
ealis ic possibili y.
4 Li e a u e Re e ences
Associa ed P ess (2025): Danish In elligence Repo Wa ns o US Mili a y Th ea Unde
T ump Published Decembe 12, 2025 by Mili a y.com
Auswä iges Am (2025): Niede lande: Poli isches Po ä 11.03.2025
Beigang, M. (2026): US-Vize emp äng Außenminis e : Heu e könn e sich im Weißen Haus
die Zukun G önlands en scheiden. Tagesspiegel 14 Janua y 2026
Bi nbaum, M., Tucke , B. (2026): T ump announces a i s on Eu opean coun ies opposing
G eenland akeo e . Washing on Pos online Las upda e 18 Janua y 2026
Bu ows, E. e al. (2026): Eu opean oops a i e in G eenland as alks wi h US highligh
‘disag eemen ’ o e island’s u u e. Associa ed P ess online 15 Janua y 2026
B yan , M. (2025): Denma k app o es US mili a y bases on Danish soil as T ump eyes
G eenland. The Gua dian. h ps://www. hegua dian.com/wo ld/2025/jun/11/denma k- o e-
de ence-bill-us-ai bases
Geopoli ics_G eenland_No dic_Council_2026 7
Ch is ensen, J.T. (2024): G eenland ge s i s own s a egy o o eign, secu i y and de ence
policy: No hing abou us, wi hou us. Canadian Global A ai s Ins i u e.
h ps://asse s.na ionbuilde .com/cd ai/pages/5625/a achmen s/o iginal/1719270426/G eenlan
d_ge s_i s_own_S a egy_ o _Fo eign_Secu i y_and_De ence_Policy_No hing_abou _us_wi
hou _us.pd ?1719270426.
Dam, R.W. (2024): Fa oese independence is suddenly back on he able - No dic Labou
Jou nal Ap il 29, 2024
Danish Minis y o De ence (2025): Fac Shee : Fi s ag eemen on he A c ic and No h
A lan ic Unde he 2024-2033 De ence Ag eemen
Denma k (2020): The P ime Minis e 's O ice Depa men al esponsibili ies: The uni y o he
Realm h ps://web.a chi e.o g/web/20200801120418/h ps://www.s m.dk/_a_2752.h ml
Ed a dsen, A. (2025): Suppo o Independen Membe ship o G eenland and he Fa oe
Islands in No dic Coope a ion. High No h News Upda ed a 02 May 2025
G eenland (2024): G eenland in he wo ld – No hing abou us wi hou us.
h ps://paa oq.gl/wp-con en /uploads/2024/03/G eenlands_Fo eign_-
Secu i y_and_De ense_Policy_2024_2033.pd
Gunaseka a-Rockwell, E. (2025): NORTHCOM P oposal o US–G eenland In eg a ion A
Pa h o he Fu u e In. S a egic Ho izons, Fall 2025, page 270-285 A ailable on he websi e o
he Depa men o Wa media.de ense.go
Ha ding, A., Mu ay, A. (2025): Vance scolds Denma k du ing G eenland ip. BBC News
h ps://www.bbc.com/news./a icles/c 525e49m2do
Lum, T., Vaughn, B. (2017): The Paci ic Islands: Policy issues. Cong essional Resea ch
Se ice. h ps://sgp. as.o g/c s/ ow/R44753.pd .
No dic Council (2025): No dic Council e o m: G eenland, he Fa oe Islands and Åland join
he P esidium. No dic Council News
No dic Council o Minis e s (2026): Denma k and he Fa oe Islands ake o e p esidency o
No dic Council o Minis e s 01.01.26 News
No dic Council o Minis e s and No dic Council (2018): The Helsinki T ea y - T ea y o Co-
ope a ion be ween Denma k, Finland, Iceland, No way and Sweden. O icial PDF File om
2018 ISBN 978-92-893-5833-0 (PDF) h p://dx.doi.o g/10.6027/ANP2018-746
O’Rou ke, R. e al. (2025): Changes in he A c ic: Backg ound and issues o cong ess.
Cong essional Resea ch Se ice. h ps://c s epo s.cong ess.go /p oduc /pd /R/R41153
Øs e gaa d, M. e al. (2023): F ee associa ion in a G eenlandic con ex . Nasi ik Wo king
Pape
Robe son, N. (2025): Pen agon shi s G eenland o US No he n Command in shakeup.
De ense News. h ps://www.de ensenews.com/pen agon/2025/06/17/pen agon-shi s-
g eenland- o-us-no he n-command-in-shakeup/
Si e sen, M.F. e al. (2025): The Powe Eli e in G eenland B i ish Jou nal o Sociology,
2025; 00:1–8 1 h ps://doi.o g/10.1111/1468-4446.700027
Tamsu , F. Shel on, J. (2025): Denma k umes o e new US en oy o G eenland. Deu sche
Welle h ps://www.dw.com/en/denma k- umes-o e -new-us-en oy- o-g eenland/a-75267414
Decembe 22, 2025
Tho wa h, K. (2025): Fä öe -Inseln wollen eigene S aa we den. F ank u e Rundschau
23.08.2025