he jou nal o
biodi e si y da a
NOTES ON GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION
890
Academic edi o : Ma celo T o ó Lopes
deOli ei a
Recei ed: 20 Ma ch 2025
Accep ed: 2 July 2025
Published: 1 Oc obe 2025
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Abs ac . We epo he i s eco ds o Lonchoca pus schiedeanus (Schl dl.) Ha ms and Bowdichia ni ida
Sp uce ex Ben h. om Colombia. Lonchoca pus schiedeanus ep esen s he i s species o L. sec . Willa dia in
Sou h Ame ica; his sec ion was p e iously known only om Cen al Ame ica and he Ca ibbean. Bowdichia
ni ida is p ima ily known om B azil, wi h sca e ed eco ds in Boli ia. Ou indings ex end he known dis i‑
bu ions o hese species o he Colombian O inoquia and Amazon egions. Comple e desc ip ions, images,
in o ma ion abou habi a , and phenology a e p esen ed.
Key wo ds. Fabaceae, Mille ieae, Willa dia, Bowdichia clade, Sou h Ame ica
A iza-Co es W, Ca ajal-Rojas L, Diaz-C. SE (2025) New eco ds o Papilionoideae (Leguminosae) o Co‑
lombian lo a: Lonchoca pus schiedeanus (Schl dl.) Ha ms and Bowdichia ni ida Sp uce ex Ben h. Check Lis
21 (5): 890–896. h ps://doi.o g/10.15560/21.5.890
INTRODUCTION
Leguminosae comp ises 800 ecognized gene a and app oxima ely 23,000 species (B uneau e al. 2019).
In he Neo opics, he e a e 314 gene a (Miliken e al. 2009), and in Colombia 174 gene a and 1123 species
(Lewis and Cas ellanos 2019). The amily consis s o six sub amilies, i e o which a e ep esen ed in Colom‑
bia; Dupa que ioideae is es ic ed o A ica (TLPWG 2017). Papilionoideae is he la ges sub amily and a
well‑suppo ed monophyle ic g oup (Kaji a e al. 2001; Wojciechowski e al. 2004; TLPWG 2017). In Colombia,
he e a e abou 110 gene a and 640 species o Papilionoideae (Lewis and Cas ellanos 2019).
Lonchoca pus Kun h is a genus o mo e han 180 Neo opical species (C uz‑Du án and And ade‑Mu guía
2019). Th oughou i s axonomic his o y, a ious classi ica ions ha e been p oposed, including subgene a,
se ies, and sec ions (da Sil a 2010). Sousa (1992, 2009a, 2009b, 2011) and Sousa e al. (2014) ou lined ecen ci ‑
cumsc ip ions. Phylogene ic s udies using molecula da a ha e alida ed he clus e ing pa e ns o Loncho-
ca pus sensu la o and econs uc ed i s di e si ica ion e en s. These s udies sugges ha ecen e olu iona y
p ocesses, occu ing app oxima ely h ee million yea s ago, p ima ily ook place in Neo opical o es s wi h
seasonal clima es (da Sil a e al. 2012).
The genus Bowdichia Kun h comp ises wo Neo opical species p ima ily dis ibu ed in he lowland
a eas o he Amazon and he Guiana Shield. I belongs o he Bowdichia clade, along wi h he gene a Lep ol-
obium Vogel, Guianodend on Sch. Rod . & A.M.G. Aze edo, Diplo opis Ben h., and S aminodian hus D.B.O.S.
Ca doso, H.C. Lima & L.P. Quei oz (Ca doso e al. 2012; Ca doso e al. 2013). Bowdichia species a e ecognized
by hei odd‑pinna e lea es wi h al e na e o subopposi e lea le s and an ema gina e apex, lowe s wi h
blue o pu ple pe als, a subo bicula s anda d wi hou au icles, wings much la ge han he keels, an o a y
wi h a capi a e s igma, and sama oid, memb anous, oblong ui s wi h he uppe su u e sho ly winged.
Bowdichia i gilioides Kun h is one o he mos common ees in he wooded sa annas o he Neo opical
egion (Conceição e al. 2011; Soa es e al. 2015).
Rele an s udies on he biogeog aphy o plan s in he Neo opics, including he Fabaceae amily, explain
he mig a ion o ee species and he o igins o biodi e si y in Colombia and Sou h Ame ica (Richa dson
e al. 2001; Sch i e e al. 2005; Penning on and Dick 2010). Se e al e o s ha e been made o documen he
composi ion and ichness o he amily Fabaceae in Colombia, wi h no able con ibu ions om he wo ks o
Ruiz and Fo e o (2005) and A iza (2022). Howe e , gaps emain in ou unde s anding o species dis ibu ion
due o limi ed collec ions and a lack o explo a ion in ecologically impo an ye unde ep esen ed a eas o
21 (5) · h ps://doi.o g/10.15560/21.5.890
21 (5): 890–896
New eco ds o Papilionoideae (Leguminosae) o Colombian lo a:
Lonchoca pus schiedeanus (Schl dl.) Ha ms and Bowdichia ni ida
Sp uce ex Ben h.
William A iza-Co es1, Lyndon Ca ajal-Rojas1, Sebas ian Emilio Diaz-C.2
1 He ba io Fo es al (UDBC), Uni e sidad Dis i al F ancisco José de Caldas, Bogo á, Colombia
2 Depa men o Ma ine, Ea h, and A mosphe ic Sciences, No h Ca olina S a e Uni e si y, Raleigh, NC, USA
Co esponding au ho : Sebas ian Emilio Diaz-C. (sdiaz[email p o ec ed])
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A iza-Co es e al. · New eco ds o Lonchoca pus and Bowdichia, Colombia 891
Colombia (Cas ellanos and Lewis 2012). None heless, ecen s udies ha e documen ed new eco ds in he
Colombian O inoquia and Magdalena Valley (Mija es e al. 2017; Lucas e al. 2023). This manusc ip epo s
he i s eco ds o species om he gene a Lonchoca pus and Bowdichia wi hin Colombia’s opical o es s.
Ou objec i es include a comp ehensi e desc ip ion o key mo phological ai s, along wi h pho og aphic
documen a ion and insigh s in o he ecology and dis ibu ion o hese species.
METHODS
We examined bo anical collec ions o he gene a deposi ed in he UDBC, LLANOS, HUA, JAUM, COAH, FMB,
and COL he ba ia (ac onyms acco ding o Thie s 2025) be ween 2022 and 2024. We also e iewed he gene a
using T opicos (Missou i Bo anical Ga den 2025) and analyzed hei ype collec ions a ailable on he JSTOR
Global Plan s pla o m (Ryan 2018). Addi ionally, we isi ed he Me a and Gua ia e depa men s o moni o
ees in he ield. Te minology o desc ibing lea ena ions was based on Ellis e al. (2009), while he nomen‑
cla u e o ep oduc i e ai s ollowed Been je (2016) and Alemán e al. (2020). We obse ed mo phological
ai s and made measu emen s using a Zeiss S emi SV 11 s e eoscope. Dis ibu ion maps we e c ea ed wi h
QGIS (Rosas‑Cha oya e al. 2022) employing eco ds om GBIF (GBIF 2023).
RESULTS
Lonchoca pus schiedeanus (Schl dl.) Ha ms
Figu es 1, 2
New eco d. COLOMBIA — Me a • Res epo, Ve eda Caney, Finca Villa Espe anza, km 5 pa a c uza a
Cuma al, camino a Cosmopoli ana; 04°15’18.6’’N, 73°32’09.9’’W; 434 m al .; 17.VII.2017; F. Cas o leg.; 22313
Figu e 1. Lonchoca pus schiedeanus. A.
T unk. B. Lea es. C. In lo escences. D.
F ui s.
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A iza-Co es e al. · New eco ds o Lonchoca pus and Bowdichia, Colombia 892
(UDBC) • ibid.; 30.IX.2021; W. A iza‑C. & S.E. Díaz‑C. leg.; 9365 (COL, HUA, LLANOS, FMB, UDBC) • ibid.;
26.VII.1994; F. Cas o leg.; 1131 (LLANOS) • ibid.; 30.IX.2003; F. Cas o leg.; 1169 (LLANOS) • ibid.; 25.V.1994; G.
San iago leg.; 003 (LLANOS).
Desc ip ion. T ee up o 20 m all, 45 cm in diame e , wi h a ibbed s em. Ba k b own wi h whi e spo s ex‑
e nally and pale yellow in e nally. Twigs s ia e, eddish b own, wi h len icels. Lea es odd‑pinna e, al e na e,
a anged in a spi al pa e n, 10.2–12.3 (–12.8) cm long; pe ioles 2.8–3.2 (–3.6) cm long; achis g oo ed owa ds
he apex, sligh ly g oo ed a he base; lea le s 11–13, opposi e, oblong, co iaceous, some imes wi h a e olu e
ma gin, wi h pellucid poin s, and papillose ex u e abaxially; indumen um golden, comose, and dispe sed
along he mid ein and seconda y eins abaxially, apex e use o ob use; ena ion eucamp od omous, e ia y
ena ion black. Pe iolules 1.7–2.0 mm long, g oo ed, d ying yellowish‑b own adaxially and oli e‑yellow ab‑
axially. In lo escence in axilla y pseudo‑ acemes, (8.4) 11.3–16.7 (–19.7) cm long; b achyblas (2.0) 2.5–3.1 (–3.5)
mm long, bea ing wo lowe s each. Flowe s papilionaceous, 16 mm long; pedicels (1.5) 2.1–2.8 (–3.0) cm long;
b ac eoles iangula , 0.3–0.5 mm long, posi ioned be ween he middle and apex o he pedicel; calyx pu ‑
ple, (2.5) 3–3.5 (–4.0) mm long, (3.5) 3.8–4.5 (–5.0) mm wide, gamosepalous, wi h sho lobes, less pubescen
a he apex, and pellucid poin s; co olla pink o lilac, s anda d 0.7–1.1 × 0.8–1.2 cm, sligh ly e lexed, wi h a
whi e spo a he base, subo bicula , apex ema gina e, basal au icles, 0.7–1.0 mm wide, adaxially glab escen ,
abaxially pube ulen , claw 0.7–1.0 × 0.6 mm, wings 0.7–0.9 × 0.3–0.4 cm, alca e, au icula e base, ounded
apex, abaxially pube ulen , claw ca. 2 mm, keel 0.6–0.8 × 0.3–0.4 cm, oblong‑ alca e, acu e apex, acu e base,
wi h spa se pubescence in he lowe hal and pellucid poin s in he uppe hal ; and oecium pseudo‑mona‑
delphous, wi hou enes ae, isomo phic, s amens 0.9–1.1 cm long, glab ous; an he s subo bicula , basi ixed,
wi h longi udinal dehiscence; gynoecium 1.1 cm long; s igma discoidal, 0.5 mm; s yle linea ‑cu ed om he
base, 2 mm; o a y simple, supe io , pubescen , 8–9 mm long. F ui a sama oid legume, oblong, indehiscen ,
wi h a pe sis en and oecium es ige a he base, (4.8) 5.2–7.8 (–10.8) cm long, (0.7) 1.0–1.4 (–1.6) cm wide,
sligh ly hickened a he seed inse ion poin ; seeds 1–4, eni o m, concolo ous.
Iden i ica ion. Lonchoca pus schiedeanus closely esembles Lonchoca pus cas illoi S andl. bu di e s in i s
b achyblas leng h (2.5–3.1 mm s. 1.6–2.1 mm in L. cas illoi), calyx lobes (sho s. p onounced), ui wid h
(1.0–1.4 cm s. 2–3 cm), and seed chambe ( la s. p ominen in L. cas illoi).
Phenology. Collec ed om May o July wi h lowe s, and om Augus o Oc obe wi h ui .
Figu e 2. Dis ibu ion map o Lonchoca -
pus schiedeanus.
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A iza-Co es e al. · New eco ds o Lonchoca pus and Bowdichia, Colombia 893
Bowdichia ni ida Sp uce ex Ben h
Figu es 3, 4
New Reco ds. COLOMBIA — Gua ia e • San José del Gua ia e, Ce o Azul, km 2, ce ca de la ía; 02°33’29’’N,
72°50’51’’W; 215 m al .; 19.X.2022; W. A iza‑C. leg.; 9496 (UDBC) • San José del Gua ia e, Ca e e a que conduce
a Ce o Azul; 02°34’42.22”N, 73°32’9.91”W; 230 m al .; 21.X.2023; W. A iza‑C. & R. López leg.; 10082 (UDBC) —
Guainía • Rio Iní ida; 100‑600 m al .; VII.1978; E. Ace o leg.; 838 (UDBC) — ichada • Pue o Ca eño, sabana
en e el cen o adminis a i o y el apón; 10.IV.1995; M.P. Có doba leg.; 1448 (COL).
Desc ip ion. T ee up o 25 m all, wi h an open c own, pa ially deciduous; ba k len icella e wi h sligh
ex olia ion in pla es; exuda e absen ; e minal b anchle s pubescen . S ipules iangula , pubescen , and
caducous. Lea es impa ipinna e, al e na e, dis ichous; pe iole ounded and sligh ly canalicula e, 1.5–3.5
cm long; achis canalicula e, wi h iangula s ipels 0.5–1.5 mm long; lea le s 9–15, al e na e o suboppo‑
si e, o a e, ellip ic, oblong, o o a e‑oblong; base ounded, acu e, o subco da e; apex acu e o acumina e;
adaxial su ace glab ous; abaxial su ace s igillose, golden, wi h sca e ed black ichomes; ma gin e olu e;
ena ion b ochidod omous; seconda y eins 8–15; in e seconda y eins p esen ; e ia y ena ion e icula e;
pe iolules canalicula e, 1.5–3.0 mm long, wi h s igose indumen um. In lo escences in e minal panicles, up
o 50 cm long; axes sligh ly canalicula e, s igillose; b ac s iangula ; b ac eoles iangula o ili o m, loca ed
a he base and apex o he pedicel. Flowe s 1.4–1.8 cm long; pedicel 1.5–3.5 cm long; calyx u bina e, 0.6–0.8
cm long, 0.4–0.5 cm wide, pu ple, wi h iangula lobes and golden s igose indumen um; co olla lilac,
pe als wi h undula e ma gins; s anda d clawed, lamina ellip ic, 1.2 × 0.8 cm; wings alca e, 13 × 6 mm; keels
linea , 8 × 2 mm. And oecium wi h 10 ee s amens; ilamen s 6–8 mm long; an he s ounded, basi ixed, wi h
longi udinal dehiscence. Gynoecium 1.0–1.4 cm long, wi h s ipi a e o a y; s ipe 0.3 cm long; o a y 0.7–0.9
Figu e 3. Bowdichia ni ida. A. T unk. B.
Lea es. C. In lo escences.
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A iza-Co es e al. · New eco ds o Lonchoca pus and Bowdichia, Colombia 894
cm long, wi h se iceous pubescence; s yle cu ed, 0.3–0.4 cm long; s igma subcapi a e. F ui a sama oid
legume, oblong, ellip ic o linea ‑oblong, 4–8 cm × 1–2 cm, glab ous, sligh ly e icula e; seeds 1–6.
Phenology. Collec ed om Sep embe o No embe wi h lowe s, and om Decembe o Ma ch wi h ui .
Iden i ica ion. Bowdichia ni ida is dis inguishable om B. i gilioides by i s g ow h o m (medium‑sized o
la ge ees s. small ees up o 6 m), glaucous and glab escen abaxial lea su ace ( s. gene ally pubescen ),
and mo e de eloped in lo escences. Addi ionally, in Colombia, B. ni ida occu s mainly in o es s, whe eas B.
i gilioides is p ima ily ound in sa annas and open a eas.
DISCUSSION
The genus Lonchoca pus is p edominan ly ep esen ed in Cen al Ame ica. Howe e , in ecen decades,
nume ous axa ha e been disco e ed in no he n Sou h Ame ica, p ima ily in B azil (da Sil a and Tozzi 2012).
Lonchoca pus schiedeanus ep esen s he i s eco d o L. sec . Willa dia in Sou h Ame ica, a sec ion p e i‑
ously documen ed only in Cen al Ame ica and he Ca ibbean. This g oup is cha ac e ized by lea es wi h a
helical a angemen , o oid o oblong b ac eoles, pe sis en and dis an om he calyx, a glab ous co olla,
and ee wings o he keel (Sousa 1992). No ably, he e a e no eco ds o he species on he wes e n side o
he Andes o in he in e ‑Andean alleys. This new eco d is om he ans‑Andean zone, o e he O inoco
i e basin.
Bowdichia is a genus ep esen ed by wo species: B. ni ida and B. i gilioides. The la e is gene ally a me‑
dium‑sized o small ee, widely dis ibu ed in Sou h Ame ica, and abundan in wooded sa annas and a eas
wi h wa e de ici s. Con e sely, B. ni ida can g ow up o 25 m in heigh . I has been p ima ily eco ded in
B azil, wi h sca ce eco ds in Boli ia. I g ows in o es ed a eas o he Amazon ain o es and in egions wi h
whi e sands on P ecamb ian shields (Ca doso e al. 2015). The wo species o Bowdichia can be con used,
especially in ju enile indi iduals. Howe e , B. i gilioides ypically exhibi s abundan indumen um on he
abaxial su ace o i s lea es and ea u es dis inc i e co ky ba k, whe eas B. ni ida has lea es ha a e usually
glaucous on he abaxial su ace, wi h ba k ha is smoo h o emo able in pla es. The e is a signi ican gap in
collec ions o B. ni ida be ween he mos no hwes e n samples in B azil and he new eco ds o he species
in Colombia.
Figu e 4. Dis ibu ion map o Bowdichia
ni ida.

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A iza-Co es e al. · New eco ds o Lonchoca pus and Bowdichia, Colombia 895
In his con ibu ion, we emphasize he impo ance o bo anical collec ions and esea ch in unde s and‑
ing species dis ibu ions, niches, and conse a ion s a us (Feeley and Silman 2011). Recen ly, new plan pop‑
ula ions ha e been disco e ed a conside able dis ances om hei known popula ions h ough he ba ium
e iews (da Sil a e al. 2023), sugges ing ha sampling emains insu icien in many a eas and o se e al
axa. Finally, we highligh he need o ga he in o ma ion on he popula ion ecology o hese new eco ds.
We also ecommend con inuing bo anical explo a ions in hese a eas due o he lo is ic singula i ies ha
ha e been ound; pa icula ly in he case o L. schiedeanus, i is impo an o con inue explo ing and mon‑
i o ing a eas adjacen o he cu en eco d o loca e addi ional indi iduals. Addi ionally, local p opaga ion
p og ams o he species a e highly desi able.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We exp ess ou since e g a i ude o he s a a he He ba io de la Uni e sidad de Los Llanos (LLANOS) o
hei collabo a ion in he sea ch o bo anical specimens. Addi ionally, we hank Diego Zapa a o his sup‑
po in iden i ying L. schiedeanus, as well as he pe sonnel o UDBC o hei assis ance. Fu he mo e, we a e
g a e ul o he anonymous e iewe s o hei aluable obse a ions ha con ibu ed o he de elopmen
o his pape .
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Con lic o in e es
The au ho s decla e ha no compe ing in e es s exis .
E hical s a emen
No e hical s a emen is epo ed.
Funding
This s udy was inancially suppo ed by he au ho s.
Au ho con ibu ions
Concep ualiza ion: WAC. Da a cu a ion: WAC, LCR, SEDC. Fo mal analysis: WAC, LCR, SEDC. Me hodology:
WAC, LCR, SEDC. Resou ces: WAC, LCR. Visualiza ion: WAC, LCR, SEDC. W i ing – e iew and edi ing: WAC,
LCR, SEDC.
Au ho ORCID iDs
William A iza‑Co es h ps://o cid.o g/0000‑0002‑8423‑8256
Lyndon Ca ajal‑Rojas h ps://o cid.o g/0009‑0003‑4065‑8296
Sebas ian Emilio Diaz‑C. h ps://o cid.o g/0000‑0002‑7387‑5073
Da a a ailabili y
All da a ha suppo he indings o his s udy a e a ailable in he main ex .
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