EFFoST2024_Poster_Risk assessment and prediction models for fungal spoilage in strawberries post-harvest

Risk assessmen and p edic ion models o ungal spoilage in s awbe ies pos -ha es Acknowledgemen s: FRIETS P ojec unded unde he Eu opean Union’s Ho izon 2020 F amewo k, G an Ag eemen No.101007783. Alessand a Ma con Gaspe ini1, 2 and Vasilis P. Vald amidis1, 3 1 Depa men o Food Sciences & Nu i ion, Facul y o Heal h Sciences, Uni e si y o Mal a, Msida MSD 2080, Mal a 2 MycoLab, Depa men o Clinical, Pha maceu ical and Biological Sciences, School o Li e and Medical Sciences, Uni e si y o He o dshi e, Ha ield AL10 9AB, Uni ed Kingdom 3 Labo a o y o Food Chemis y, Depa men o Chemis y, Na ional and Kapodis ian Uni e si y o A hens, Zog a ou, 157 71 A hens, G eece Fungal spoilage in s awbe ies ep esen s a signi ican economic challenge o g owe s and dis ibu o s and poses se ious ood sa e y conce ns due o he po en ial o myco oxin con amina ion. The esea ch in he p ojec FRIETS ocuses on de eloping p ocessing echniques o imp o e he quali y, nu i ional alue, and shel -li e o so ui s like s awbe ies. The aim o his wo k was o iden i y he mos common ungal con aminan s able o p oduce myco oxin in s awbe ies and o cons uc a compa a i e isk assessmen sys em o e alua ing and anking ungal and myco oxin haza ds. Published da ase s and pee - e iewed s udies we e used as ep esen a i e e e ences (n=71). Fungal con aminan s in s awbe ies we e clus e ed by genus, and myco oxin concen a ions we e s anda dized o same uni and anked o compa ison o assess he mos epo ed. P ima y models we e used o es ima e he g ow h a es (µ) and lag phases (λ) o Al e na ia, Penicillium and Aspe gillus, wi h adjus men coe icien s (k) o ield condi ions*. Al e na ia, Aspe gillus and Penicillium spp. we e he mos common spoile s in s awbe ies, wi h associa ed myco oxins posing isks. Tempe a u e con ol is c ucial o mi iga e spoilage, bu species-speci ic g ow h ac o s mus be in eg a ed in o isk assessmen s. Fu u e esea ch will assess myco oxin isk o build model-based p ocess op imiza ion o p oduce sa e and s able p oduc s. Risk assessmen models p edic ed a low isk o spoilage when s awbe ies we e s o ed and e ailed a 4°C. Howe e , inc easing he e ail s o age empe a u e esul ed in an inc eased isk o spoilage by Al e na ia spp. Addi ionally, a scena io wi h s o age a 4°C and e ail a 24°C p edic ed a high isk o spoilage by Al e na ia spp. and mode a e spoilage isk by Aspe gillus and Penicillium spp. d: Time elapsed a e ha es (7 days = 5 in s o age and 2 in e ail ) Ts: S o age empe a u e T : Re ail empe a u e µ: G ow h a e (mm/day) To: Op imal empe a u e o g ow h : Lag phase a op imal empe a u e (days) Ta g,: A e age empe a u e µadj.: G ow h a e adjus ed T a g = T s i d ≤ 5 T s + d − 5 2 × T − T s i 5 < d ≤ 7 T s + T 2 i d > 7 µ adj = µ × exp ቆ 0 . 1 × T a g − T o i T a g ≤ T o − 0 . 05 × T a g − T o i T a g > T o Fungal g ow h = ቊ 0 i d ≤  max ( µ adj × ( d −  ) , 0 ) i d >  P edic ion o ungal g ow h pos -ha es High - I spoilage is p edic ed and he p opo ion is g ea e han 20% Mode a e - I spoilage is p edic ed bu he p opo ion is 20% o less Low - no spoilage is p edic ed R isk le el = " High" i ∑ P leng h P > 0 . 2 and any P . " Mode a e" i ∑ P leng h P . ≤ 0 . 2 and any P "Low" i any P Risk le el o ungal spoilage The p obabili y o spoilage o each spoile g oup was based on he colony sizes (g ow h) P obabili y o spoilage Visible spoilage o he naked eye Colony size h eshold = 2 mm Uppe le el = 2.4 mm (+20%) lowe le el = 1.6 mm (-20%) METHODS RESULTS SUMMARY S awbe ies had he highes numbe o epo s on myco oxin con amina ion wi hin so ui s sea ched in he li e a u e. The p esence o Al e na ia associa ed myco oxins (al e na iol monome hyl e he and al e na iol) we e obse ed. Myco oxins wi h egula o y limi s, including umonisins, a la oxins, och a oxin A, and pa ulin, we e equen ly epo ed. Al e na ia ssp. Penicillium ssp. Aspe gillus ssp. ----- Visible spoilage cu -o Days pos -ha es (5 days s o age, 2 days e ail) Simula ed ungal g ow h (mm) Figu e 2. Simula ed colony g ow h ajec o ies o h ee ungal g oups (Aspe gillus, Penicillium, and Al e na ia) unde di e en s o age and e ail empe a u e condi ions pos -ha es . G ow h was modelled o assess ime o isible spoilage, de ined as eaching a h eshold colony diame e o 2 mm. Shaded a eas ep esen a iabili y in g ow h a es based on uppe and lowe es ima es. Ho izon al lines indica e he isible spoilage h eshold, beyond which spoilage is conside ed isually de ec able. Figu e 3. Fungal spoilage isk assessmen ma ix conside ing e ail and s o age empe a u es o e 7 days pos - ha es . 1) Ac emonium spp.; 2) Au eobasidium spp.; 3) Epicoccum spp.; 4) Neosa o ya spp.; 5) Rhizoc onia spp.; 6) T ichode ma spp.; 7) Clonos achys spp.; 8) Geosmi hia spp.; 9) Geo ichum spp.; 10) Monilinia spp.; 11) Phy oph ho a spp.; 12) Sphae opsidales spp.; 13) Ulocladium spp. Al e na ia spp. Aspe gillus spp. Penicillium spp. Fusa ium spp. Bo y is spp. Cladospo ium spp. Muco spp. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Rhizopus spp. Figu e 1. The assessmen o con amina ion in s awbe ies has shown a high p e alence o Al e na ia spp. ollowed by Aspe gillus, Penicillium spp. *Hypo hesis o he adjus men coe icien (k) o ield condi ions: g ow h abili y is 90% educed and he lag phase is p olonged by a 3.0 ac o