Rec. zool. Su . India: Vol. 124(3)/273-286, 2024
DOI: 10.26515/ zsi/ 124/i3/2024/170418
ISSN (Online) : 2581-8686
ISSN (P in ) : 0375-1511
* Au ho o co espondence
In oduc ion
D agon lies comp ise h ee subo de s - Anisop e a
(D agon lies), Zygop e a (Damsel lies) and
Anisozygop e a (Sub amanian e al., 2024). Wo ldwide,
686 odona e gene a wi h 6407 species a e known, while
504 species o 157 gene a a e p esen in India (Paulson
e al., 2024; Sub amanian e al., 2024). Odona es, due
o hei close associa ion wi h he we lands espond
apidly o an h opogenic o na u al al e a ions in hei
habi a (Co be , 1999; Sil a e al., 2010; Oli ei a Júnio
e al., 2015). Odona es a e used as model o ganisms o
s udy beha iou al ecology, gene ics, and e olu iona y
biology (Co doba-Aguila , 2008). The e a e many epo s
abou ole ance o physicochemical ac o s in Odona es
(Ca chini & Ro a, 1985) accumula ion o me als in la ae,
e ec s o inc eased wa e empe a u e, sewage discha ge
and pes icide pollu ion (Tho p & Diggins, 1982; Wa son
e al., 1982).
Cy ologically, he o de Odona a is well s udied and
i plays an impo an ole in desc ibing he e olu iona y
Abs ac
No h India’s di e se geog aphy and clima e make i he mos biodi e si y- ich egion in he coun y. Va ious species
( lo a and auna) ha e been s udied cy ogene ically o s udy gene ic di e si y and hei e olu iona y ela ionships. The
p esen s udy aims o compile he cy ogene ic da a o Odona a species a ailable in he egion. A o al o 90 cy ogene ically
s udied Odona a species ha e been lis ed. The ch omosome numbe a ies om n=12 o n=14 in all he s udied species.
Sex de e mina ion is XX/X0 ype excep o Nychogomphus dua icus (F ase , 1964) and Scalmogomphus schmid i (F ase ,
1937). m ch omosomes a e p esen in 84% o he s udied species. Mo phological a ia ions in he di e en popula ions o
species o ch omosome ma ke s ha e also been enlis ed. This will p o ide a holis ic iew o he numbe o species s udied
in a pa icula s a e/UT in No h India and e alua e he gene ic a ia ions/ adap a ions in he geog aphically isola ed
Odona a. The e iew also iden i ies gaps in he exis ing li e a u e and highligh s he need o u he esea ch on he
cy ogene ics o species in No h India.
Keywo ds:Keywo ds: Cy ogene ic, No h India, Odona a, Va ia ions
A e iew o he cy ogene ically s udied Odona a species o
No h India
Ha deep Singh and Gu inde Kau Walia*
Depa men o Zoology and En i onmen al Sciences, Punjabi Uni e si y, Pa iala – 147002, Punjab, India;
E-mail: gu inde k[email p o ec ed].in
ela ionships be ween di e en g oups o Odona a
(Dasgup a, 1957). In Odona a, he cen ome e is o di used
ype which is esponsible o a la ge numbe o a ia ions
ei he due o ch omosomal usion/ agmen a ion
o he p esence/absence o m-ch omosomes in he
popula ions (Kuzens o a and Golub, 2020). The
ances al ch omosome numbe is n=9, which inc eased
in s epwise manne s as specializa ion inc eases in he
o de (Kiau a, 1967) m ch omosomes a e he smalles o
equal o he hal size o immedia ely la ge ch omosome
and show nega i e he e ozygosis (Mola, 1992). The e
a e wo di e en hypo heses ega ding he o igin o m
ch omosomes- g adual diminu ion in he olume o
no mal au osomes un il hey e en ually disappea ed
(Oguma, 1930; Dasgup a, 1957; Cumming, 1964) and he
no mal agmen a ion o au osomes (Kiau a, 1968). The
agmen a ion can occu a any ime, a any place which
is esponsible o a ia ions in he size o m ch omosomes
in di e en and in he same specimen. Fusions and
agmen a ions play an impo an ole in he a ia ions in
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274
A e iew o he cy ogene ically s udied Odona a species o No h India
he odona es ch omosomes and hese a ia ions pe sis
o e gene a ions h ough he ac ion o na u al selec ion
and also play a ole in specia ion (Bueno, 1982).
No he n India is one o he mos clima ically di e se
egions whe e he empe a u e anges om 35°C o 50
°C du ing summe (Tha dese , Rajas han, Delhi) and
dips o ze o empe a u e in he win e mon hs. Snow all
occu s in Himachal P adesh, Ladakh, Jammu and
Kashmi and U a akhand (Rowell, 1980; Kaul, 1998;
Singh, 2003). The Indian Monsoon is esponsible o he
hea y ain all as i b ings mois u e no hwa ds om he
Indian Ocean (Da a & Gup a, 1968; Dim i, 2004; Wang,
2006). I is cha ac e ized by he di e se ange o o es s
(T opical d y deciduous o es s, sub opical b oad-
lea ed hill o es s, Himalayan mois empe a e o es s,
Himalayan d y empe a e o es s and Sub-alpine o es s)
(Roy e al., 2015) and we lands which a y in opog aphy,
clima e and wa e quali y (P asad e al., 2002). I p o ided
sui able habi a o nume ous lo a and auna. A o al, o
2356 insec species a e p esen in Himachal P adesh, 1941
species in U a P adesh, 1049 species in Rajas han, 986
species in Delhi, 695 species in Jammu and Kashmi and
557 species in Ha yana (Chand a, 2011). The Odona a
species a e highes in U akhand (127) and dec ease
subsequen ly in Himachal P adesh (122), U a P adesh
(70), Jammu and Kashmi (67), Rajas han (51), Delhi (48),
Punjab (41), Ha yana (26) and Chandiga h (41) (Table
1, Sub amanian e al., 2024). The p esen s udy in ol es
Table 1. S a es/UT o No h India wi h hei Odona a species coun s (Sub amanian e al., 2024) and cy ogene ically
s udied species
S. No. S a es/UT Numbe o Odona a species No. o species s udied o
cy ogene ics
1 Punjab 41 31
2 Himachal P adesh 122 59
3 U a akhand 127 27
4 Jammu and Kashmi 67 10
5 Ha yana 26 -
6 Rajas han 51 -
7 U a P adesh 70 3
8 Chandiga h 41 2
9 Delhi 48 -
a comp ehensi e li e a u e e iew on he cy ogene ic
s udied species o No h India, India (Table 2) and was
necessa y o ill he knowledge gap in he ield. I p o ides
an unde s anding o gene ic di e si y and he impo an
gene ic ma ke s o he species in his a ea. This s udy can
also boos conse a ion e o s and u u e esea ch ields.
Concluding Rema ks and Fu u e
Di ec ions
In No h India, 92 Odona a species ha e been s udied
cy ogene ically which includes 76% o o al odona e
species p esen in Punjab, 48% o o al species p esen
in Himachal P adesh, 21% o o al species p esen in
U akhand, 15% o o al species p esen in Jammu and
Kashmi , 5% o o al species p esen in Chandiga h and
only 4% o o al species p esen in U a P adesh (Figu e
1).
The ch omosome numbe is n=12 in he amily
Gomphidae, n=13-14 in he amily Aeshnidae, n=13
in he amily Mac omiidae, n=13-12 in he amily
Libellulidae, n=13 in he amily Co dulogas idae,
Chlo ogomhidae, Pla ycnemididae and Synles idae,
n=14 in amily Coenag ionidae. m ch omosome is
p esen in 90% o s udied Odona a species. Howe e ,
ce ain species popula ions show a ia ions in he
ch omosome complemen like he p esence/absence
o he m ch omosome, inc ease/dec ease in he
Vol 124(3) | 2024 | www. eco dso zsi.com Zoological Su ey o India 275
Singh and Walia
Table 2. Lis o Cy ogene ically s udied species o No h India
S.No. Species name Loca ion Ch omosome
numbe Re e ence Rema ks
ANISOPTERA
a) Family: Gomphidae
1Anisogomphus bi i a us (Selys,
1854)
Deh adun (U.K.)
n=12m
Tyagi, 1982 -
And e a (H.P.) Walia & Chahal
2020 -
2 Anisogomphus occipi alis (Selys,
1854) Deh adun (U.K.) n=12m Tyagi, 1978b,
1982 -
3 Bu magomphus a bo eus Lie -
inck, 1964 Deh adun (U.K.) n=12m Tyagi, 1978b,
1982 -
4
Bu magomphus
di e ica us
Lie inck, 1964
Badhagha and
Andh e a (H.P.) n=12m Walia e al.,
2021 -
5
Bu magomphus
py amidalis
Laidlaw, 1922
Deh adun (U.K.) n=12m Tyagi 1977,
1982
4 la ge , 4
medium-sized
and 2 smalle
ch omosomes
obse ed
Dadhahu (Pb.) n=12m Chahal, 2019 -
6
Bu magomphus
si alikensis
Laidlaw, 1922
Andh e a (H.P.) n=12m Walia e al.,
2021 -
7
Bu magomphus
williamsoni
Fo s e , 1914
Dadhahu (Pb.) n=12m Chahal, 2013 -
8 Da idius zallo ensis
Hagen in Selys, 1878
Mansa and
Su insa Lake,
Jammu (J.K.)
n=12m Chahal, 2019 -
9 Ic inogomphus angulosus (Selys,
1854)
Mansa and
Su insa Lake,
Jammu (J.K.)
n=12m Chahal, 2019 -
10 Ic inogomphus apax
(Rambu , 1842)
Deh adun (U.K.)
n=12m
Tyagi, 1982 -
Renukaji and Shah
Talai (H.P.) Chahal, 2019 -
11 Lamelligomphus bi o ceps
(Selys, 1878) Andh e a (H.P.) n=12m Chahal, 2019 -
12 Nepogomphus modes us (Selys,
1878)
Palampu and
Andh e a (H.P.)
n=12m
Waliae al.
2006
La ges X
ch omosome
Palampu and
Andh e a (H.P.)
Guchupani (U.K.)
Walia &
Chahal, 2014
X is medium
sized
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276
A e iew o he cy ogene ically s udied Odona a species o No h India
13 Nychogomphus du a icus (F ase ,
1964)
Deh adhun (U.K.) n=12, 13m Tyagi, 1977,
1985 neoXY
Lachhiwala (U.K.) n=12m Chahal, 2019 -
14
Onychogomphus
g ammicus
(Rambu , 1842)
Chama he i and
Ha ike We land
(Pb.)
n=12m Chahal, 2019 -
15 Scalmogomphus schmid i (F ase ,
1937) Deh adhun (U.K.) n=12m, neo
XY
Tyagi, 1978b,
1985 -
16 Pa agomphus linea us (Selys,
1850)
Deh adun (U.K.)
n=12m
Tyagi, 1982 -
Ba nala (Pb.) Walia &
Chahal, 2014
La ges X
ch omosome
17 Pla ygomphus dolab a us Selys,
1854
Dadhahu
and Ha ike
We land (Pb.)
n=12m Chahal, 2019 -
18
Scalmogomphus
bis iga us
(Hagen and Selys, 1854)
Deh adun (U.K.) n=12m Tyagi, 1978b,
1985 -
Lacchiwala
(U.K.), And e a
(H.P.)
n=12m Chahal, 2019
Family: Aeshnidae
19 Anaciaeschna jaspidea (Bu -
meis e , 1839) Khajjia (H.P.) n=13m Walia &
Sandhu (1999) -
20 Anax immaculi ons
Rambu , 1842 Kandagha (H.P.) n=14m Walia e al.
2018 -
21 Anax nig o ascia us
F ase , 1935
Khajjia (H.P.) n=13m
Sandhu &
Malho a
(1994)
-
Khajjia (H.P.) n=14m Walia &
Sandhu (1999) -
Kandagha (H.P.) n=14m Walia e
al.(2018) -
22 Anax pa henope (Selys, 1839)
Jammu &
Kashmi ,
Himachal P adesh
n=13m
Sandhu &
Malho a
(1994)
-
23 Cephalaeschna sp.
Selys, 1883 Khajjia (H.P.) n=13m
Sandhu &
Malho a
(1994)
-
24 Gynacan ha eschna
sikkima (Ka sch, 1891) Dalhousie (H.P.) n=13m Walia e
al. (2016)
One la ges
au osomal
bi alen p esen
25 Gynacan ha hyaline
Selys, 1882 Deh adun (U.K.) n=14m Tyagi 1978a,b -
26 Gynacan ha subin e up a
Rambu , 1842
And e a,
Palampu (H.P.) n=14m Walia &
Somal, 2020
One la ge
au osomal
bi alen
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Singh and Walia
Family: Mac omidae
27 Mac omia moo ei Selys, 1874 And e a (H.P.) n=13m Walia &
Chahal (2018)
Family: Co dulgas idae
28
Co dulegas e
b e is igma
Selys, 1854
Summe Hills,
Shimla (H.P.) n=13m Walia & Chahal,
2019
X ch omosome is
he Second
la ges om he
complimen
Family: Chlo ogomphidae
29 Wa anabeo pe alia
a kinsoni (Selys, 1878)
Summe Hills,
Shimla (H.P.) n=13m Walia &
Chahal, 2019
La ges X
ch omosome
Family: Libellulidae
30 Aciosoma pano poides Rambu ,
1842
Jammu and Kashmi ,
U.P. n=13m Walia & Sandhu,
1998 -
Ha ike We land (Pb.) n=12m Kau , 2016
Reduc ion in ch o-
mosome
numbe due o he
absence o he m
ch omosome;
La ges and bipa -
i e X ch omosome
31 B achydiplax
sob ina (Rambu , 1842)
Ha ike We land
(Pb.) n=13m Kau , 2016 -
32 B achy hemis con amina a
Fab icius, 1793
Chandiga h n=13m Mi al & Gan-
dhi, 1982
The la ges
au osomal
bi alen p esen
Punjab, Himachal
P adesh n=13m Walia and
Sandhu, 1998
La ges X
ch omosome
Punjab, Himachal
P adesh n=13m Walia e al., 2010
The la ges au o-
somal
bi alen p esen
Anandpu Sahib,
Ha ike We l and
(Pb.)
n=13m Kau , 2016 -
33 B adinopyga gemina a Rambu ,
1842 Ba nala (Pb.) n=13m Kau , 2016 -
34 C oco hemis se ilia
D u y, 1773
Chandiga h
n=13m
Mi al & Gan-
dhi, 1982
One la ge
au osomal
bi alen p esen
Punjab, U.P. Walia & Sandhu,
1998
La ges X
ch omosome
Punjab, Himachal
P adesh Walia e al., 2010 -
Bahadu ga h (Pb.) Kau , 2016 -

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278
A e iew o he cy ogene ically s udied Odona a species o No h India
35 Diplacodes i ialis
Rambu , 1842 Pa iala (Pb.) n=13m Kau , 2016 -
36 Neu o hemis ul ia
(D u y, 1773)
Paon a Sahib
(H.P.) n=13m Kau , 2016 -
37 Neu o hemis ullia
D u y, 1773 Ha ike We land (Pb.) n=13m Kau , 2016 -
38 O he um anceps
Schneide , 1845 Dalhousie (H.P.) n=13m Kau , 2016 -
39 O he um cancella um Pa hanko
(Punjab) n=13m Dasgup a,
1957 -
40 O he um glaucum
B aue , 1865 Andh e a (H.P.) n=13m Kau , 2016 -
41 O he um p uinosum
Neglec um (Rambu , 1842)
Punjab, Himachal
P adesh n=13m
Walia e al.,
2010 -
Pa iala (Pb.) Kau , 2016 -
42 O he um sabina
D u y, 1773
Punjab, Himachal
P adesh n=13m
Walia e al.,
2010 -
Anandpu Sahib
(Pb.) Kau , 2016 -
43 O he um aeniola um Schnei-
de , 1845
Punjab, Jammu &
Kashmi n=11m Walia e al.,
2014
Two au osomal
bi alen a e ex a-
la ge due o usions
and show in e s i-
ial chiasma a
Dalhousie (H.P.) n=13, 12m Kau , 2016
In n=12, 3
au osomal bi alen s
a e
la ge in size
44 O he um iangula e (Selys,
1878)
Andh e a, Gi ipul,
Bilaspu (H.P.),
Naini al
(U.K.)
n=13m Kau , 2016 -
45 Palpopleu a sexmacula a
Fab icius, 1787
Gi ipul, Andh e a
(H.P.) n=13m Kau , 2016 La ges X ch omo-
some
46 Pan ala la escens
Fab icius, 1798
Jammu &
Kashmi and
Punjab
n=13m Walia & Sandhu,
1998 -
Su ounding a ea o
Ha ike We land (Pb.) n=12m Walia e al., 2011
The la ges
au osomal bi-
alen p esen due
o he
usion o ch omo-
somes
Pa iala, Ha ike
We land (Pb) n=13m Kau , 2016 -
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Singh and Walia
47 Po ama cha congene
(Rambu , 1842) Naini al (H.P.) n=12m Sandhu &
Walia, 1995 -
48 Rhyo hemis a iega a
(Linnaeus, 1763) Ha ike We land (Pb.) n=13m Kau , 2016 -
49 Tholymis illa ga
Fab icius, 1798 Deh adun (U.K.) n=13, 12m Kau , 2016
2 ypes o cells: 1
wi h m-
ch omosomes and
o he wi hou m
ch omosomes
50 T i hemis au o a
Bu mies e , 1839
Punjab, Himachal
P adesh
n=13m
Walia e al.,
2010 -
Bilaspu ,
Andh e a
(H.P.)
Kau , 2016 -
51 T i hemis es i a
Rambu , 1842
Gi ipul,
Andh e a,
Bilaspu (H.P.)
n=12m Kau , 2016
Reduc ion in
ch omosome
numbe due o he
absence o
m ch omosomes
52 T i hemis pallidine is Ki by,
1889 Naini al (U.K.) n=13m Kau , 2016 -
53 U o hemis signa a
Rambu , 1842 Ha ike We land (Pb.) n=13m Kau , 2016 -
54 Zygonyx o idus
(Ki by, 1889)
Gi ipul,
Andh e a,
Dalhousie (H.P.)
n=13m Kau , 2016 -
55 Zyxomma pe iola um
Rambu , 1842 Deh adun (U.K.) n=13m Kau , 2016 -
Zygop e a
Family: Calop e ygidae
56 Neu obasis chinensis
(Linnaeus, 1758)
Na kanda, Bhuna
(H.P.) n=13m Walia &
Sandhu, 2002
La ges X ch omo-
some
And e a,
Mcleodganj (H.P.) n=13m Walia e al.
2016
La ges
au osomal
bi alen can be eas-
ily iden i ied.
Solan, Bilaspu
(H.P.),
Lachhiwala (U.K.)
n=12m
Walia &
Ka no ia,
2018
a ia ion seen in
he ch omosome
size o specimens
om
3 popula ions
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280
A e iew o he cy ogene ically s udied Odona a species o No h India
Family: Chlo ocyphidae
57 A is ocypha i ascia a (Selys,
1853)
And e a, Kullu,
Chamba (H.P.) n=12m Ka no ia
(2020)
The x
ch omosome is he
second
la ges and
shows bipa i e
beha iou
58
A is ocypha
quad imacula a
(Selys, 1853)
And e a, Kullu,
Chamba (H.P.) n=12m Ka no ia
(2020)
One la ge
au osomal
bi alen
59 Libellago linea a
(Bu meis e , 1839) Himachal P adesh n=13,12m Walia e al.,
2018
Mo phological
a ia ions in he
ch omosomes o
bo h
complemen s
60 Pa acyphauni macula a (Selys,
1853)
And e a, Kullu,
Chamba (H.P.) n=12m Ka no ia
(2020)
One la ge
au osomal
bi alen
Family: Euphaeidae
61 Anisopleu a les ides
Selys, 1853
And e a (H.P)
Deh adun (U.K.)
Udampu (Jammu)
n=13, 12m
Walia &
Ka no ia,
2017
Reduc ion in
ch omosome
numbe occu s
due o he
absence o m
ch omosome
62 Bayade a indica
(Selys, 1853)
And e a, Kullu,
(H.P.), Deh adun
(U.K.)
n=13m
Walia &
Ka no ia,
2017
-
Family: Pla ycnemididae
63
Sub amily-Calicnemia Calic-
nemia eximia
(Selys, 1863)
And e a,
Palampu ,
Chamba (H.P.)
n=13m De i, 2020 -
64 Calicnemia ch omo ho ax
(Selys, 1891) And e a (H.P.) n=13m Walia & De i,
2020
Bipa i e X
ch omosome
65 Calicnemia eni e a
(Selys, 1896) Bilaspu (H.P.) n=13m Walia & De i,
2020 -
66
Sub amily
Pla ycnemidinae
Cope a annula a
(Selys, 1863)
Mansa (J&K) n=13m Walia, 2012 -
67 Cope a ma ginipies
(Rambu , 1842)
And e a, Una,
Bilaspu (H.P.)
Mansa lake
(Jammu)
n=13m Walia & De i,
2018 -
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Singh and Walia
68 Cope a i a a assamensis
Laidlaw, 1914
Udampu (J&K)
n=13m
Walia, 2012 -
Renuka lake,
Si mou (H.P.)
Walia & De i,
2018 -
69
Sub amily:
Dispa oneu inae
P odasineu a nig a
F ase , 1922
Bilaspu (H.P.) n=13m De i, 2020 -
Family: Coenag ionidae
70 Aciag ion hisopa
(Selys, 1876)
Dalhousie (H.P.)
n=14m
Sandhu &
Walia, 1993 -
And e a, Bilaspu
(H.P.)
Naini al (U.K.)
Kau , 2018
X ch omosome
Showed bipa i e
beha iou
71 Aciag ion palladium
Selys, 1891 Bilaspu (H.P.) n=14m Kau , 2018 -
72 Ag iocnemis emina
(B aue , 1868)
Pa iala, Ha ike
we land, Muk sa
(Pb.)
n=14m
Walia &
Hallen, 2016a -
Kau , 2018
73 Ag iocnemis pygmea
(Rambu , 1842)
Pa iala, Ha ike
we land, Muk sa
(Pb.)
Deh adun (U.K.)
Bilaspu (H.P.)
n=14m Kau , 2018 -
74 Ag iocnemis pa um
(Selys, 1876) Bilaspu (H.P.) n=14m Kau , 2018 -
75
Ce iag ion
ce ino ubellum
(B aue , 1865)
Ha ike we land,
Muk sa (Pb.)
Renukaji (U.K.)
n=14m
Walia & Hallen,
2016a
X ch omosome
Showed bipa i e
beha iou
Kau , 2018
76
Ce iag ion
co omandelianum
(Fab icius, 1798)
Ha ike we land,
Muk sa (Pb.)
Deh adun (U.K.)
Kau , 2018 -
Rajpu a (Pb.)
n=14m
Sandhu &
Walia, 1994 -
Chamba,
Na kkanda,
Nahan, Khajjia
(H.P.)
Sandhu e al.,
1994
La ges X
ch omosome
Jammu
&Kash mi ,
Punjab, Himachal
P adesh, UP
n=14m, 30-50 Walia &
Sandhu, 1999
F agmen a ion o
ch omosomes due
o pollu ion