@ 2025 | PUBLISHED BY GJR PUBLICATION, INDIA
67
Global Jou nal o Resea ch in Ag icul u e & Li e Sciences
ISSN: 2583-4576 (Online)
Volume 05 | Issue 05 | Sep .-Oc . | 2025
Jou nal homepage: h ps://gj publica ion.com/gj als/
Resea ch A icle
In e c opping o So ghum / Soya Bean on Yield and Land Use E iciency in Dasenech Wo eda
*Bi uk Gezahegn
Sou he n E hiopia Ag icul u al Resea ch Ins i u e, Jinka Ag icul u al Resea ch Cen e , P.O. Box 96, Jinka, E hiopia.
1. In oduc ion
Wo ld popula ion is g owing exponen ially and i is expec ed o ul ill he ood equi emen s by se ing s a egies' o
inc easing c op p oduc i i y pe uni a ea o a ailable land h ough g owing by ime and space combina ion (Se an and
B in ha, 2010). In e c opping which is an ancien p ac ice s ill used in mos o de eloping coun ies o maximize c op
p oduc i i y (Machado, 2009), basically consis s o cul i a ing wo o mo e c ops in he same a ea o land a he same
ime. The aim o his c opping sys em is o op imize ac o s and en i onmen al esou ces usage, hus leading o an
inc eased yield o ou pu o he mix u e (Li w., e al., 2005; Dwi edi e al., 2015).
E hiopia has expanded ag o ecological condi ions ha a o cul i a ion o majo ood c ops; howe e , he e a e limi ing
ac o s o c op p oduc ion. T adi ional c opping sys ems, poo cul i a ion me hods, inapp op ia e plan ing ime, low soil
e ili y, poo weed managemen , diseases and insec pes s, low yielding a ie ies a e he main ones (Tole a, 2003). The
imp o emen o c op p oduc i i y is he common aim o a me s and ag icul u is s. Thus, he key o sus ainable
ag icul u e p obably lies in inc eased ou pu pe uni a ea oge he wi h a able land expansion.
When c ops a e cul i a ed in mul iple c opping sys em like in e c opping esul highe yield on a gi en piece o land by
making mo e e icien use o he a ailable en i onmen al esou ces (Li hou gidis e al., 2011) using a mix u e o c ops
wi h di e en oo ing abili y, canopy s uc u e, heigh and nu ien equi emen s based on he complemen a y u iliza ion
o g ow h esou ces by he componen c ops (Dwi edi e al., 2015). Complemen a y e ec s be ween componen c ops,
mo e e ec i e use o wa e , nu ien s and sola ene gy, bu e ing e ec o he mix u e on disease and insec pes
enhances in e c op p oduc i i y o e sole c opping (Li e al.,1999 and Chen e al., 2004).
Bes u iliza ion o g ow h esou ces and modi ied mic oclima e by componen c ops o in e c opping o hei be e yield
pe o mance a e p ac ical only when he igh plan ing pa e n o componen c ops is ollowed. Plan ing pa e n de ines
he pa e n o dis ibu ion o plan s o e he g ound, which de e mines he shape o he a ea a ailable o he indi idual
plan s (Willey, 1979b). Inc eased p oduc i i y o in e c opping o e sole c opping has been a ibu ed o be e use o
sola adia ion, nu ien s and wa e and ewe incidences o insec pes and disease (Willey, 1990). Plan ing pa e n o
in e c ops is an impo an managemen p ac ice ha can imp o e be e use o hese esou ces and oppo uni ies (Reddy
e al., 1989; Willey, 1990).
Abs ac
The aim o he s udy was o de e mine he e ec o in e c opping so ghum and soya bean on yield and land use
e iciency o bo h c ops in Dasenech dis ic o sou h Omo zone, Sou he n E hiopia. The s udy was ca ied ou
om 2018 o 2019 c opping season. Fou in e c opping sys ems (sole so ghum, sole soya bean, one ow so ghum
o one ow soya bean and one ow so ghum o wo ow soya bean) we e a anged in a andomized comple e block
design wi h ou eplica ions. One ow so ghum o one ow soya bean and one ow so ghum o wo ow soya bean
esul ed in 50.2 and 26.7% g ea e land use e iciency han o ei he c op g own alone. G owing o one ow
so ghum o one ow o soya bean and one ow so ghum o wo ows o soya bean ga e (15575.18) and (8128.03)
MAI. One ow so ghum and one ow soya bean addi ional mone a y bene i han he o he c op combina ion o
g own alone. So, one ow so ghum o one ow soya bean is mo e p o i able o pas o alis / a me s in he s udy a ea.
Keywo ds: In e c opping, so ghum, soya bean, land use e iciency, yield.
Global J Res Ag i Li e Sci. 2025; 5(5), 67-71
@ 2025 | PUBLISHED BY GJR PUBLICATION, INDIA
68
E en hough in e c opping is adi ionally common in E hiopia including so ghum bean on small land o he home
ga den wi h di e en o he pulses, no scien i ic a emp ha e been done deeply o de e mine so ghum/soya bean
in e c opping sys em. So, examining bes componen popula ion o so ghum and soya bean de ining he igh
in e c opping a io and will ha e g ea signi icance o sus ainable p oduc ion. Hence, he s udy was conduc ed o
e alua e he bene i o in e c opping wi h sole c opping on yield and yield componen s.
2. Ma e ials and Me hods
2.1 Desc ip ion o he S udy A ea
On a m expe imen conduc ed a Dasenech wo eda Sou h Omo Zone du ing 2018/19 c opping season. The si es a e
si ua ed a 4°37′–4°48′ N la i ude and 35°56′–36°20′ E longi ude wi h 126 mm o 500 mm. 800-1000 mm and 32-42°C
mean annual ain all and empe a u e, espec i ely. The al i ude o he a eas di e s be ween 353 m.a.s.l and 606 m.a.s.l.
2.2 Expe imen al T ea men s and P ocedu es
Field expe imen conduc ed using 4 ea men s and laid in andomized comple e block design in 4 eplica ions. The
ea men s included ou c opping sys em sole so ghum, sole soya bean, one ow so ghum o one ow soya bean and one
ow so ghum o wo ow soya bean. So ghum plan ed using 80×15 cm o in e and in a ow spacing and wo ows o 40
and 20 cm apa we e le made be ween he wo so ghum ows o plan soya bean. Seeds o soya bean placed a 10 cm
in a spacing. The expe imen design was Randomized Comple e Block Design (RCBD) wi h ou eplica ions.
2.3 Land equi alen a io
This e i ies he e ec i eness o in e c opping o using he esou ces o he en i onmen compa ed o sole plan ing. The
LER alues we e compu ed using he ollowing o mula desc ibed by (Abdul Jabba e al.,2009 and Takim F. O. 2012).
LER= Yab/Yaa + Yba/Ybb
Whe e,
Yab = In e c op yield o c op „a‟
Yba = In e c op yield o c op „b‟
Yaa = Pu e s and c op yield o „a‟
Ybb = Pu e s and c op yield o „b‟
LER= 1: no ad an age o in e c op
LER<1: in e c opping educes o al yield
LER>1: in e c opping inc ease o al yield hus bene icial
2.4 Mone a y Ad an age Index (MAI):
The mos impo an pa o ecommending a c opping pa e n is he cos : bene i a io mo e speci ically o al p o i ,
because a me s a e mos ly in e es ed in he mone a y alue o e u n. The yield o all he c ops in di e en in e c opping
sys ems and also in sole c opping sys em and hei economic e u n in e ms o mone a y alue we e e alua ed o ind
ou whe he maize yield and addi ional Ha ico bean yield a e p o i able o no . This was calcula ed wi h mone a y
ad an age (MA). I is exp essed as
MAI= (Pab+pba) × LER-1/LER
Whe e, Pab = Pa ×Yab; Pba =Pb ×Yba; Pa = P ice o species 'a' and Pb = P ice o species 'b'. The highe he index alue,
he mo e p o i able is he c opping sys em (Mahapa a Sc., 2011).
2.5 Da a collec ion
Plan heigh , panicle leng h, housand seed weigh and g ain yield we e aken om so ghum plan . Plan heigh , numbe
o pods pe plan , numbe o seed pe pod, housand seed weigh and g ain yield we e aken om soya bean plan .
2.5.1 So ghum da a collec ion
2.5.1.1 Plan heigh (cm): Plan heigh was eco ded as he heigh o plan g own om he g ound le el om i e
andomly sampled plan s a he end o 50% lowe ing in each plo .
2.1.1.2 Panicle leng h (cm): Panicle leng h was measu ed o cobs om om i e andomly sampled plan s a he end o
ha es in each plo .
2.5.1.3 G ain Yield (kg/ha): G ain yield we e measu ed om he ne plo a ea and exp essed as kg/ha. G ain yield was
adjus ed o 12.5% mois u e con en using a digi al mois u e es e .
Global J Res Ag i Li e Sci. 2025; 5(5), 67-71
@ 2025 | PUBLISHED BY GJR PUBLICATION, INDIA
69
2.5.1.4 Thousand Seed weigh : Seed weigh was de e mined by aking a andom ha es ed g ain yield by using seed
coun e and adjus ed hem o 12.5% mois u e con en
2.5.2 Soya bean da a collec ion
2.5.2.1 Plan heigh (cm): Plan heigh was eco ded as he heigh o plan g own om he g ound le el om i e
andomly sampled plan s a he end o 50% lowe ing in each plo .
2.5.2 .2 Numbe o pods pe plan : Numbe o pods was coun ed om he same i e andomly selec ed plan s a he end
o ha es in each plo
2.5.2.3 Numbe o seeds pe pod: Was aken om he same i e andomly selec ed pods a he end o ha es and each
o seeds we e coun ed manually in each plo .
2.5.2.4 G ain Yield (kg/ha): Bean yields we e measu ed om he ne plo a ea and exp essed as kg/ha. Bean yield was
adjus ed o 12% mois u e using a digi al mois u e es e
2.5.2.5 Hund ed Seed weigh : Seed weigh was de e mined by aking a andom ha es ed g ain yield by using seed
coun e and adjus ed hem o 12.5% mois u e con en
2.6 S a is ical analysis o da a
Analysis o a iance was ca ied ou using SAS-s a is ical so wa e (SAS Ve sion 6.12, 1997). Signi ican ly di e ing
means we e sepa a ed using he leas signi icance di e ence (LSD) es a 5% le el o signi icance as pe he p ocedu e
desc ibed by Gomez and Gomez (1984).
3. Resul and discussion
3.1 E ec o c op mix u e on so ghum
Analysis o a iance showed ha plan heigh , panicle leng h and housand seed weigh we en’ signi ican ly (P< 0.05)
in luenced by c opping sys em o so ghum (Table 1). Analysis o a iance showed ha g ain yield signi ican ly (P< 0.05)
in luenced by c opping sys em o so ghum. The highes g ain yield (3406.67 kg ha-1) was ob ained by sole c opping
sys em. This could be a ibu ed o high plan densi y and lack o compe i ion o esou ces such as ligh , nu ien s and
wa e Be ween he in e c ops, he g ain yield o so ghum is highe when in e c opped wi h he a io o one ow so ghum
o one ow soya bean 2755.47 kg ha-1 ollowed by one ow so ghum o wo ow soya bean 2445.00 kg ha-1 (Table 1).
Fac o s ha a ec compe i ion in in e c opping sys ems we e no de e mined in he p esen s udy. Howe e , di e ences
in he dep h o oo s, la e al oo sp ead and oo densi ies a e some o he ac o s ha a ec compe i ion be ween he
componen c ops in an in e c opping sys em o nu ien s (Eskanda i and Ghanba i, 2009).
Table 1: Mean alue o so ghum plan heigh , panicle leng h, 1000 seed weigh and g ain yield
T ea men s
PH(cm)
PL (cm)
TSW
GY (Kg ha-1 )
Sole
so ghum
221.2
24.6
30.00
3406.67a
1S:1SB
219.27
24.42
29.35
2755.47b
1S:2SB
220.18
24.0
30.17
2445.00c
LSD 5%
NS
NS
NS
283.29
CV (%)
16.94
36.3
14.5
19.2
3.2 E ec o c op mix u e on soya bean
Analysis o a iance showed ha plan heigh , numbe o pods pe plan , numbe o seed pe plan and hund ed seed
weigh o soya bean we en’ signi ican ly (P< 0.05) in luenced by c opping sys em o soya bean (Table 2).
Soya bean yield was signi ican ly in luenced by c opping sys em. The highes g ain yield (1840.13 kg ha-1) was ob ained
by sole c opping sys em. The g ain yield o soya bean is highe when in e c opped wi h he a io o one ow so ghum o
one ow soya bean 1556.77 kg ha-1 ollowed by one ow so ghum o wo ow soya bean 1091.63 kg ha-1 (Table 2). This is
consis en wi h he indings o Sajjad S.K (2014) he obse ed so ghum- mung bean in e c opping dec eased mung bean
biological yield as compa ed o sole c opping o mungbean. I migh be due o less pho osyn he ic ac i i ies by mung
bean c op due o less exposu e o sunligh and canopy co e ed by so ghum lea es.
Global J Res Ag i Li e Sci. 2025; 5(5), 67-71
@ 2025 | PUBLISHED BY GJR PUBLICATION, INDIA
70
Table 2: Mean alue o soya bean plan heigh , numbe o pod pe plan , numbe o seed pe
pod, 100 seed weigh and g ain yield
T ea men s
PH(cm)
NPPP
NSPP
HSW(gm)
GY (Kg ha-1 )
Sole SB
80.26
80.20
3
80.42
1840.13a
1S:1SB
82.13
79.10
3
80.04
1296.77a
1S:2SB
80.83
78.40
3
79.65
1011.63b
LSD 5%
NS
NS
NS
NS
255.78
CV (%)
19.30
11.90
6.9
14.5
9.98
3.3 C op p oduc i i y and mone a y ad an age
Land equi alen a io and g oss mone a y alue we e used o e alua e he p oduc i i y and economic ad an age o
so ghum – soya bean in e c opping, espec i ely. The analysis o he pa ial land equi alen a io o he componen c ops
showed ha a ia ion on densi y o soya bean had signi ican e ec on he pa ial land equi alen a io o he bean
componen (Table 3). Since 50.20% yield ad an age was ob ained om in e c opping o so ghum wi h soya bean as
compa ed o sole c opped one, in e c opping was mo e e icien in land use han sole c opping. In e c opping ad an age
may come om be e esou ces (mois u e, ligh and nu ien ) u iliza ion wi h low in e speci ic in e ac ion and be e
complemen a y e ec .
In e c opping o so ghum wi h soya bean mo e economic ad an age (15575.18 Ebi ) han he o he c op combina ion
(Table 3). Soya bean unde sole c opping highe economic ad an age han when i was in e c opped wi h so ghum ha
may be ela ed o mo e numbe o popula ions, absence o in e speci ic in e ac ion and be e esou ce u iliza ion unde
sole c opping sys em han when i was in e c opped. In line wi h his esul , Ni ingiye e al. (2005) epo ed ha
in e c opping o maize wi h di e en popula ion densi y o bean esul ed mo e yield and economic ad an age han sole
c opping o he componen c ops.
Table 3: Land Equi alen Ra io (LER) and Mone a y Ad an age Index (MAI) o in e c opped
so ghum wi h soya bean.
T ea men s
G ain yield (Kg ha-1)
LER
MAI
Value/ha (E h. Bi )
So ghum
Soya bean
Sole so ghum
3406.67
-
-
-
25550.025
Sole SB
-
1840.13
-
-
36802.60
1S:1SB
2755.47
1296.77
1.502
15575.18
46601.425
1S:2SB
2445.00
1011.63
1.267
8128.03
38570.10
4. Conclusion and Recommenda ion
The s a is ical analysis o da a e ealed ha non-signi ican a ia ion was obse ed on plan heigh , panicle leng h, and
housand seed weigh o so ghum and plan heigh , pod numbe pe plan , seed numbe pe pod and hund ed seed weigh
o soya bean. Sole c opped soya bean had signi ican ly highe g ow h and yield pe o mance han in e c opped bean.
F om his in es iga ion i can be conclude ha in e c opping o one ow so ghum and one ow soya bean mo e economic
ad an age (46601.425 Ebi ) han he o he c op combina ion o g own alone. Fo be e p oduc i i y o he in e c opping
sys em, u he s udy should be done by conside ing o he ac o s o p oduc ion in conjunc ion wi h popula ion densi ies
o componen c ops.
Re e ence
1. Abdul Jabba , R., Ahmad, R., Bha i, I. H., Vi k, Z. A., Wasi-u-Din, & Khan, M. M. (2009). Assessmen o yield
ad an ages, compe i i eness and economic bene i s o di e si ied di ec -seeded upland ice-based in e c opping
sys ems unde s ip geome y o plan ing. Pakis an Jou nal o Ag icul u al Sciences, 46(2).
2. Chen, C., Wes co , M., Wichmann, K., & Knox, D. (2004). Row con igu a ion and ni ogen applica ion o ba ley–
pea in e c opping in Mon ana. Ag onomy Jou nal, 96(6), 1730–1738. h ps://doi.o g/10.2134/ag onj2004.1730
3. Dwi edi, A., De , I., Kuma , V., Yada , R. S., Yada , M., Gup a, D., Singh, A., & Toma , S. S. (2015). Po en ial
ole o maize–legume in e c opping sys ems o imp o e soil e ili y s a us unde smallholde a ming sys ems o
sus ainable ag icul u e in India. In e na ional Jou nal o Li e Sciences Bio echnology and Pha ma Resea ch, 4(3).
Global J Res Ag i Li e Sci. 2025; 5(5), 67-71
@ 2025 | PUBLISHED BY GJR PUBLICATION, INDIA
71
4. Eskanda i, H., & Ghanba i, A. (2009). In e c opping o maize (Zea mays) and cowpea (Vigna sinensis) as whole-
c op o age: E ec o di e en plan ing pa e n on o al d y ma e p oduc ion and maize o age quali y. No ulae
Bo anicae Ho i Ag obo anici Cluj-Napoca, 37(2), 152–155.
5. Gomez, K. A., & Gomez, A. A. (1984). S a is ical p ocedu es o ag icul u al esea ch (2nd ed.). John Wiley &
Sons.
6. Li, L., Yang, S., Li, X., Zhang, F., & Ch is ie, P. (1999). In e speci ic complemen a y and compe i i e in e ac ions
be ween in e c opped maize and aba bean. Plan and Soil, 212(1), 105–114.
h ps://doi.o g/10.1023/A:1004656205144
7. Li, W., Li, L., Sun, J., Guo, T., Zhang, F., Bao, X., Peng, A., & Tang, C. (2005). E ec s o in e c opping and
ni ogen applica ion on ni a e p esen in he p o ile o an O hic An h osol in No hwes China. Ag icul u e,
Ecosys ems & En i onmen , 105(3), 483–491. h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j.agee.2004.07.006
8. Li hou gidis, A. S., Do das, C. A., Damalas, C. A., & Vlachos e gios, D. N. (2011). Annual in e c ops: An
al e na i e pa hway o sus ainable ag icul u e. Aus alian Jou nal o C op Science, 5(4), 396–410.
9. Machado, S. (2009). Does in e c opping ha e a ole in mode n ag icul u e? Jou nal o Soil and Wa e Conse a ion,
64(2), 55A–57A. h ps://doi.o g/10.2489/jswc.64.2.55A
10. Mahapa a, S. C. (2011). S udy o g ass–legume in e c opping sys ems in e ms o compe i ion indices and mone a y
ad an age index unde acid la e i ic soil o India. Ame ican Jou nal o Expe imen al Ag icul u e, 1(1), 1–6.
h ps://doi.o g/10.9734/AJEA/2011/185
11. Ni ingiye, C. S., Sskambe, & Kyamanywa, S. (2005). E ec o plan popula ion on yield and yield componen s o
maize and climbing beans g own in an in e c opping sys em. A ican C op Science Jou nal, 13(1), 83–93.
12. Reddy, S. N., Reddy, E. V. R., Reddy, V. M., Reddy, M. S., & Reddy, P. V. (1989). Row a angemen in
g oundnu /pigeon pea in e c opping. T opical Ag icul u e, 66, 309–312.
13. Saban, Y., Mehm , A., & Mus a a, E. (2007). Iden i ica ion o ad an ages o maize–legume in e c opping o e
soli a y c opping h ough compe i ion indices in he Eas Medi e anean egion. Tu kish Jou nal o Ag icul u e, 32,
111–119.
14. Sajjad, S. K. (2014). E ec o di e en in e c opping pa e ns on yield and yield componen s o so ghum (So ghum
bicolo L.) and mungbean (Vigna adia a L.). In e na ional Jou nal o Biosciences, 4(12), 117–123.
h p://www.innspub.ne
15. Se an, T. H., & B in ha, I. (2010). Re iew o maize-based in e c opping. Jou nal o Ag onomy, 9(3), 135–145.
16. SAS Ins i u e. (1997). S a is ical me hods (Release 6.12). SAS Ins i u e Inc.
17. Takim, F. O. (2012). Ad an ages o maize–cowpea in e c opping o e sole c opping h ough compe i ion indices.
Jou nal o Ag icul u al Biodi e si y Resea ch, 1(4), 53–59.
18. Tole a, A. (2003). E ec s o ni ogen, phospho us, a mya d manu e and popula ion o climbing bean on he
pe o mance o maize (Zea mays L.)/climbing bean (Phaseolus ulga is L.) in e c opping sys em in Al isols o Bako
(Mas e ’s hesis). Alemaya Uni e si y, E hiopia.
19. Willey, R. W. (1979). In e c opping: I s impo ance and esea ch needs. Pa 2. Ag onomy and esea ch app oaches.
Field C ops Abs ac s, 32, 73–81.
20. Willey, R. W. (1990). Resou ce use in in e c opping sys ems. Ag icul u e and Wa e Managemen , 17(1), 215–231.
h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/0378-3774(90)90069-B