1
S anda dized 400-yea p oxy clima e eco ds e lec ing su ace ai empe a u e o si es om A c ic Eu ope eas o
Canada and G eenland. Red indica es empe a u es g ea e han one s anda d de ia ion wa me han a e age o
he e e ence pe iod (1901-1960), whe eas da k blue indica es a leas one s anda d de ia ion colde han his a e age.
All se ies p esen ed as i e-yea a e ages, excep o si es 8 and 29 which a e plo ed a hei o iginal, lowe esolu ion.
All ime se ies ep esen su ace ai empe a u e, excep si e 29, which ep esen s sea-su ace empe a u e. These da a
a e a ailable a he NGDC Web si e (h p://www.ngdc.noaa.go /paleo/paleo.h ml) (illus a ion by K. Hughen).
con inued on nex page
ARCTIC
Published by he A c ic Resea ch Conso ium o he Uni ed S a es • 600 Uni e si y A enue • Sui e 1 • Fai banks, AK 99709
Ch onicles o he A c ic Sys em Science Resea ch P og am Sp ing 1998, Volume 6 Numbe 1
Pas En i onmen al Change in he A c ic:
A PALE Con ibu ion o A c ic Sys em Science
The A c ic, al hough a p esen one o
he leas dis u bed egions on Ea h,
may also be one o he mos suscep ible o
bo h na u al and human-induced clima ic
changes. The e ec s o global clima e
change a e likely o be ampli ied in he
A c ic due o posi i e eedback
mechanisms. Mel ing o ice and snow, o
ins ance, educes he o al su ace a ea ha
e lec s sunligh ; as mo e sola adia ion is
abso bed by ock, soil, and wa e , he
ea h wa ms. O he eedback mechanisms
ope a ing in a c ic egions may include:
• empe a u e in e sions esul ing in
s able a mosphe ic condi ions, which
can ap wa m ai nea he ea h’s
su ace; and
• local o egional inc eases in cloud co e
ampli ying a wa ming end, because in
he A c ic, clouds, like g eenhouse gases,
abso b hea (in a ed adia ion) escaping
om he ea h’s su ace.
Because o his sensi i i y, clima e change
may be e iden in he A c ic be o e i is
disce nible in o he pa s o he wo ld.
The A c ic, in u n, may be capable o
in luencing clima e a lowe la i udes, o
e en globally, h ough:
• impac s on empe a u e g adien s in
he no he n hemisphe e and on
a mosphe ic ci cula ion,
geog aphically spa se, indica es ha he
A c ic wa med by abou 1.2°C be ween
1910 and 1945. While some a eas o he
A c ic ha e cooled ecen ly, he obse ed
a e age empe a u e inc ease o he A c ic
exceeds ha o he No he n Hemisphe e
as a whole.
In o de o ex end he eco d o a c ic
en i onmen al a iabili y bo h spa ially
and u he back in ime, esea che s
depend upon indica o s o pas clima ic
• modula ion o a mosphe ic g eenhouse
gas (e.g., CH4) concen a ions
and, possibly,
• complex in e ac ions in ol ing high-
la i ude i e uno and subsequen
e ec s on global oceanic ci cula ion.
Fo hese easons, he A c ic is an
impo an egion o he s udy o pa e ns
o na u al clima e a iabili y.
The ins umen al eco d o a c ic
clima e change, hough b ie and
by Kon ad Hughen and he PALE high- esolu ion esea ch g oup1
1. J. O e peck, K. Hughen, D. Ha dy, R. B adley,
R. Case, M. Douglas, B. Finney, K. Gajewski,
G. Jacoby, A. Jennings, S. Lamou eux, A. Lasca,
G. MacDonald, J. Moo e, M. Re elle, S. Smi h,
A. Wol e, and G. Zielinski
2
Fea u e A icle
condi ions ha a e p ese ed in ice; ocean,
lake, and we land sedimen s; and ee
ings. Such paleo eco ds:
• pe mi he e alua ion o ecen clima ic
changes om he pe spec i e o he pas ;
• help de e mine whe he changes
obse ed du ing his cen u y a e unique;
• allow he iden i ica ion o in e annual
o cen u y-scale clima ic a iabili y in
he ci cuma c ic egion; and
• p o ide e idence o he ole ha
na u al o cing mechanisms play
in d i ing a c ic clima e.
The Paleoclima es om A c ic Lakes
and Es ua ies (PALE) ini ia i e wi hin
ARCSS (see page 8) has iden i ied as one
o i s goals he eco e y o high- esolu ion
paleoclima e eco ds om a ne wo k o
si es h oughou he A c ic. He e we
p esen a b ie summa y o he esul s o
a ecen , PALE-sponso ed s udy o pas
clima e change in he A c ic (O e peck
e al. 1997).
The Paleoclima ic Pe spec i e
Paleoclima e eco ds a e de i ed om
indica o s such as ee- ing wid hs,
summe mel laye s in ice co es, a e
hicknesses in lake sedimen s ( igu e
his page), and mic o ossils including
o amini e a and dia oms. Such “p oxy”
da a ha e demons a ed ha he a c ic
en i onmen unde wen la ge changes
du ing he Holocene ( he las 10,000
yea s). Du ing he ea ly o middle
Holocene, mos o he A c ic expe ienced
summe s 1-2°C wa me han oday.
Local e ec s o opog aphy, sea-su ace
empe a u es, and land-ice co e esul ed
in a ia ions in he iming o maximum
wa m h. In he la e Holocene, dec easing
summe empe a u es culmina ed in
he Li le Ice Age, a pe iod ha began
be o e AD 1500 and ended du ing
he las cen u y.
The new PALE paleoclima e
compila ion ( igu e page 1) is based on
o e 20 eco ds o summe empe a u e
om he No h Ame ican A c ic and
subs an ially ewe om he Eu asian
A c ic. This compila ion o annually
esol ed eco ds p o ides a 400-yea iew
o a c ic a iabili y supe imposed on he
Holocene ends desc ibed abo e. The
mos no able pa e n o change seen in
eco ds h oughou he A c ic is he
ansi ion om anomalously cold
condi ions o he 19 h cen u y o peak
wa m condi ions in he 20 h cen u y
( igu e page 3). The 20 h-cen u y A c ic
is wa me han du ing any pe iod since
1600. The 19 h-20 h-cen u y wa ming
was 1-3°C locally and a e aged
app oxima ely 1.5°C ac oss he A c ic.
The 20 h-cen u y wa ming obse ed in
he ins umen al eco d was, hus, only
pa o a la ge ci cuma c ic clima ic e en
ha began in he mid-19 h cen u y and
ma ked he end o he Li le Ice Age.
Ano he s iking aspec o a c ic
empe a u e change o e he las 400 yea s
is ha mos o he A c ic expe ienced
cooling in he i s pa o he 19 h
cen u y, leading o he coldes pe iod o
he Li le Ice Age. Du ing pa s o he
17 h cen u y, much o he A c ic was
colde han oday. Se e al o he eco ds,
howe e , show empe a u es du ing he
18 h cen u y nea ly as wa m as oday.
A c ic clima ic change p io o 1800
was mo e egional in na u e han a e his
ime. Fo example, many si es a ound he
A c ic we e wa me a some ime be ween
1700 and 1820 han hey we e la e in he
19 h cen u y, bu he iming and du a ion
o his wa m h a ied signi ican ly om
egion o egion. This is also ue o he
p eceding 17 h-cen u y pe iod o gene ally
colde condi ions.
These eco ds we e combined o
cons uc a spa ially weigh ed eco d o
a e age ci cuma c ic summe empe a u es
o he pas 400 yea s. The indi idual ime
se ies, oge he wi h he a c ic a e age
eco d and addi ional in o ma ion on each
si e a e a ailable online om he Na ional
Geophysical Da a Cen e (h p://www.
ngdc.noaa.go /paleo/paleo.h ml).
Clima e Fo cing Mechanisms
The econs uc ion o a e age
paleo empe a u e o he ci cuma c ic
egion e eals signi ican a iabili y o e
all o he las 400 yea s. The eco d is
domina ed, howe e , by he d ama ic
wa ming end om app oxima ely 1840
o he 1950s. Du ing his pe iod,
a mosphe ic concen a ions o CO2, CH4,
and o he g eenhouse gases inc eased
apidly as a esul o human
(an h opogenic) ac i i y. Because
g eenhouse gases ap ou going long-wa e
adia ion in he a mosphe e, ising
concen a ions a e belie ed o cause
inc eased global empe a u es.
Hal o he pos -1840 wa ming
(app oxima ely 0.75°C), ook place du ing
he 80 yea s om 1840 o 1920, du ing
which ime a mosphe ic CO2 and CH4
inc eased by only 14 and 25% (20 ppm
and 200 ppb ), espec i ely. The cu en
bes es ima es o clima e sensi i i y o ace
gases sugges ha ace gases alone may be
able o explain only 0.1-0.4°C o he p e-
1920 wa ming. The e o e, he in luence
o o he clima e o cing mechanisms mus
be conside ed be o e a ibu ing ecen
changes in he A c ic o human ac i i y.
The possibili y ha he sun
signi ican ly in luences clima e is sugges ed
by he ac ha high in e ed sola
i adiance co ela es wi h wa m a c ic
empe a u es du ing bo h he 18 h and
20 h cen u ies. In pa icula , he s ong
inc ease in empe a u es a e 1840 may
ha e been a pa ial esponse o high sola
i adiance. A leas wo ac o s, howe e ,
a gue agains a dominan ole o sola
o cing o e he pas 400 yea s:
• he absence o a dis inc p olonged
cold pe iod associa ed wi h he la e
17 h-cen u y Maunde sunspo
minimum pe iod (a pe iod o low
in e ed sola i adiance); and
• he es ima ed low sensi i i y o clima e
o econs uc ed changes in sola
i adiance (less han ha o
g eenhouse gases).
Wi h e idence moun ing ha human
( ace gas) and sola ac i i y may be
esponsible o only a ac ion o a ia ion
Pho omic og aph o annually lamina ed sedimen s om
Ogac Lake, nea Uppe Sope Lake, on sou he n Ba in
Island. Ligh laminae esul om dia oms blooming
du ing he summe ice- ee season. Da k laminae a e
mine al g ains washed in o he lake wi h uno om
ea ly summe snowmel . Many idewa e lakes in he
A c ic con ain simila a ed sedimen s.
3
in clima e, insigh in o he possibili y ha
olcanic ac i i y o ces clima e was gained
h ough collabo a ion wi h a eam
wo king on he G eenland Ice Shee
P ojec Two (GISP2) ice co e (see page 8).
Compa ison o he PALE empe a u e
eco d wi h a olcanic sul a e eco d om
GISP2 indica es ha mos decade-scale
pe iods o a e age ci cuma c ic cooling
co espond o peaks in econs uc ed
olcanic ac i i y. These indings ag ee wi h
ea lie e idence o signi ican olcanic
o cing o a c ic empe a u es, in addi ion
o a mo e egional 100-200-yea eco d
o olcano-clima e linkages o suba c ic
No h Ame ica. I is qui e likely ha
he pe iod o anomalously low olcanic
ac i i y om 1935 o 1960 may ha e
con ibu ed o he peak a c ic summe
empe a u es a his ime, educing he
implied sensi i i y o he clima e sys em
o ace-gas and sola o cing du ing his
same pe iod. Renewed olcanic ac i i y
a e 1960 likely con ibu ed o he
obse ed a c ic cooling a e peak
mid-cen u y wa m h.
Thus, he i s hal o he
unp eceden ed 19 h-20 h-cen u y inc ease
in a c ic empe a u es appea s o be a
na u al eadjus men as olcanic o cing
weakens and i adiance (and, o a lesse
ex en , g eenhouse gases) ise be ween
1840 and 1920. A e 1920, bo h
anomalously high sola i adiance and
low olcanic ae osol loading likely
con inued o in luence a c ic clima e,
bu exponen ially inc easing a mosphe ic
ace-gas concen a ions appea o ha e
played an inc easingly dominan ole.
The Response o A c ic Clima e
Va iabili y
An ob ious impac o ecen clima e
change is he obse ed e ea o glacie s
h oughou he A c ic du ing he pas
cen u y. Al hough i has been sugges ed
ha clima e wa ming may be accompanied
by a su icien inc ease in snow all o
expand ice shee s, i appea s p obable ha
mos a c ic glacie s will con inue o mel
i he A c ic con inues o wa m.
High-la i ude pe ma os condi ions
ha e also changed du ing he pas 200
yea s. G ound empe a u e eco ds
suppo o he e idence ha d ama ic
wa ming has aken place since he 19 h
cen u y. Fu he hawing o ozen g ound
will, in u n, a ec hyd ology, ecology,
ace-gas luxes, cons uc ion, and
anspo a ion in he A c ic.
The paleoen i onmen al eco d o he
pas ou cen u ies, oge he wi h ecen
ecological s udies, indica es ha po en ial
u u e clima ic wa ming is capable o
d i ing changes in he a c ic biosphe e
ha will likely i al any changes d i en by
non-clima ic p ocesses, including human
land use. Fo example, s udies o ecen
seedling es ablishmen and iabili y no h
o p esen eeline, oge he wi h e idence
om annually da ed ossil pollen eco ds,
sugges ha hose a c ic plan species
abundances and/o anges ha e a ied
signi ican ly in esponse o a ying
empe a u es.
The limnology o a c ic lakes is also
likely o con inue o espond o clima ic
change. Sedimen s om shallow ponds
and lakes on Ellesme e Island show ha
wa ming since he mid-19 h cen u y
caused d ama ic shi s in dia om
popula ions such as an inc ease in species
di e si y. These shi s a e consis en wi h
a longe g owing season. F eshwa e algae
a e sensi i e eco de s o en i onmen al
change; changes in hei popula ions
may in luence he s uc u es o highe
ophic le els.
Implica ions o he Fu u e
PALE econs uc ion o pas
en i onmen al change in he A c ic
sugges s ha na u al a iabili y in his
egion is la ge and is wo king oge he
wi h human ac i i y o cause
unp eceden ed a c ic en i onmen al
change. Fu he mo e, he eedbacks ha
ha e ampli ied a c ic empe a u e changes
in he pas ha e been nonlinea . Fo hese
easons, linea ex apola ions o obse ed
pa e ns o change in o he u u e will ail
o p edic a c ic clima ic change.
Reliable p edic ions o u u e change
will equi e clima e-sys em models ha
ha e p o en o be e ec i e in simula ing
pas changes, including in e ac ions and
eedbacks, such as hose econs uc ed
he e. E en as hese models a e de eloped
and es ed, howe e , he a c ic
en i onmen is likely o con inue i s
pa e n o apid change.
Kon ad Hughen is a NOAA pos doc o al
ellow in he Depa men o Ea h and
Plane a y Sciences a Ha a d Uni e si y,
whe e he con inues his esea ch on a c ic lakes.
Re e ences
O e peck, J., K. Hughen, D. Ha dy, R. B adley,
R. Case, M. Douglas, B. Finney, K. Gajewski,
G. Jacoby, A. Jennings, S. Lamou eux, A. Lasca,
G. MacDonald, J. Moo e, M. Re elle, S. Smi h,
A. Wol e, and G. Zielinski. 1997. A c ic
en i onmen al changes o he las ou cen u ies.
Science 278:1251-1256.
Spa ially weigh ed a e age empe a u e eco d combining 29 paleo empe a u e ime se ies om a ound he ci cum-
a c ic. The indi idual ime se ies we e s anda dized o he same e e ence in e al (1901-1960) and binned in o i e-
yea a e ages using iden ical in e als. The a e age eco d shows ha he en i e A c ic expe ienced d ama ic wa ming
om he mid-1800s o he mid-1900s, culmina ing in he wa mes empe a u es o he las ou cen u ies. To e alua e
he magni ude o ecen wa ming in he con ex o backg ound a iabili y, his a e age eco d was e-s anda dized using
a mean and s anda d de ia ions ha we e calcula ed using he en i e 400-yea eco d. A e age a c ic empe a u es
du ing much o he 1900s a e consis en ly g ea e han one s anda d de ia ion wa me han he es o he eco d and
canno be explained as a esul o na u al pa e ns o a iabili y (illus a ion by K. Hughen).
Fea u e A icle
4
The new ARCSS science plan, Towa d
P edic ion o he A c ic Sys em,
published in Ma ch 1998 (see page 5),
e iews p og ess o e he pas eigh yea s
o a c ic sys em esea ch and begins o
de ine eme ging ques ions and esea ch
p io i ies. Impo an indings, majo
accomplishmen s, and esea ch p io i ies
a e ou lined in he ollowing pages (pages
6-9 his issue), as well as in he new
science plan. The esea ch conduc ed by
he ARCSS p og am has con ibu ed
much o unde s anding he a c ic sys em
and leads now o he nex s ages o
in eg a ion and syn hesis.
Towa d P edic ion o he A c ic Sys em
se s ou i e ques ions ha will o m he
basis o ARCSS planning o e he nex
se e al yea s; he ques ions anscend he
scope o any single componen o p ojec
and o e oppo uni ies o collabo a ion
among he componen s. The ques ions a e
lis ed he e wi h a b ie desc ip ion o some
a eas o inqui y ha a ise h ough his
in eg a i e app oach. The ex en o he
esea ch ques ions and hei in eg a ion
and syn hesis possibili ies a e g ea e han
can be desc ibed he e:
1. How will he clima e o he A c ic change
o e he nex 10 o 100 yea s? Answe ing
his ques ion equi es in eg a ion o
in o ma ion on land, shel , and ocean
clima e eedbacks, common global and
Ledbe e , Gilbe Awa ded o Excellence
Two NSF A c ic Sec ion s a membe s ecen ly ecei ed he Na ional Science
Founda ion Di ec o s Awa d o Excellence. ARCSS P og am Di ec o
Michael Ledbe e and A c ic Coo dina ion Specialis Simona Gilbe we e awa ded
his hono in June 1998 in ecogni ion o hei wo k a NSF. The awa ds s a ed:
...Gaining ecogni ion o Adminis a i e Excellence—Simona L. Gilbe o he
knowledge and expe ise in me i e iew and budge managemen in es ablishing
a sys em o consis en e iew o he A c ic Sciences Sec ion’s esea ch suppo
equi emen s, liaison wi h logis ics con ac o s, and coo dina ion o A c ic
logis ics eques s.
...Recognized o P og am Managemen Excellence—Michael T. Ledbe e o his
leade ship, ision, and deep unde s anding o complex scien i ic issues associa ed
wi h a mul i-agency in e na ional p ojec ha is gene a ing in o ma ion abou he
su ace hea budge o he A c ic Ocean o help assess global wa ming.
The NSF Di ec o s Awa d is made annually and ecognizes excep ional wo k by
NSF s a . Fo mo e in o ma ion see h p://www.ns .go /.
ARCSS P og am Upda es
egional clima e models, and es ing
models wi h paleoclima e da a.
2. How will u u e clima e change in e ac
wi h human ac i i ies o a ec he
sus ainabili y o na u al ecosys ems and
human socie ies? Unde s anding he
po en ial impac s o clima e change
equi es he de elopmen o egional
p edic ions o clima e. Mos o he
a c ic egion’s popula ion li e along he
coas ; be e unde s anding o land-sea
clima e in e ac ions is c i ical. Majo
ques ions include he in e ac ions o
clima e change wi h pe oleum
de elopmen , ha d- ock mining, long-
ange anspo o con aminan s and
inc eased use o he A c ic by lowe
la i ude esiden s.
3. How will changes in a c ic biogeochem-
ical cycles and eedbacks a ec a c ic and
global sys ems? The syn hesized
unde s anding o a c ic p ocesses gained
h ough ARCSS esea ch could lead o
de elopmen o he i s in eg a ed
models o egional changes in a c ic
ma ine and e es ial ecosys ems,
including changes in species o di ec
impo ance o people.
4. How will changes in a c ic hyd ologic
cycles and eedbacks a ec a c ic and
global sys ems? Resea ch ad ancing
unde s anding o small-scale
hyd ological p ocesses ha p oduce
la ge-scale changes in i e discha ge
could lead o p edic ion o changes in
eshwa e inpu s o he shel -basin
sys em. In combina ion wi h he esul s
o o he ARCSS esea ch, p edic ions
could be made abou he consequences
o hese changes o No h A lan ic
ocean ci cula ion and, he eby, o
en i onmen al changes o subs an ial
impo ance o people.
5. A e p edic ed changes in he a c ic sys em
de ec able? Sepa a ing na u al clima e
signals om human-induced clima e
change equi es a con ex o pas clima e
change on a egional basis as well as
measu emen s o cu en indica o s o
change. In collabo a ion wi h o he
in e na ional e o s, a ci cuma c ic iew
o pas and cu en clima e change and
ela ed changes in a c ic ecosys ems
could be de eloped by sys ema ically
compa ing cu en and pas ma ine and
e es ial measu emen s.
The ARCSS Commi ee (AC)— he
commi ee ha p o ides communi y
guidance o he ARCSS P og am—will
mee 29-30 Oc obe 1998 in Fai banks,
Alaska, o discuss esea ch p io i ies and
o con inue de eloping he in eg a i e and
hema ic aspec s o ARCSS desc ibed he e,
as well as ex apola ing ARCSS esea ch
ac oss he ci cuma c ic. The AC, chai ed
by Jack K use, plans o ocus on:
• clima e in e ac ions and clima e
models—in eg a ing e es ial and
ma ine p ocesses; de eloping a be e
p edic i e capabili y;
• human/en i onmen in e ac ions—
including building s onge connec ions
o highe ophic le el esea ch; and
• hyd ology— eshwa e inpu s o he
ma ine sys em; in e ac ions be ween
he A c ic and he wo ld oceans;
p edic ing changes in sea ice, coas al
ma ine p oduc i i y, and con aminan
anspo .
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac ARCSS
P og am Di ec o Mike Ledbe e (703/
306-1029; ax 703/306-0648; mledbe @
ns .go ) o Jack K use, AC Chai (413/
367-2240; ax 413/367-0092;
[email p o ec ed]), o see he ARCSS
Web si e (h p://a css.colo ado.edu) o he
ARCUS Web si e (h p://www.a cus.o g).
New Science Plan Guides ARCSS Resea ch
5
ARCSS P og am Upda es
Pa icipan s a a No embe 1997
wo kshop on he S udy o A c ic
Change p esen ed esea ch esul s
co obo a ing ea lie obse a ions ha
he A c ic Ocean and a mosphe e a e in
he mids o a signi ican physical change.
Mo e han 70 oceanog aphe s, sea-ice
expe s, and a mosphe ic scien is s
epo ed on mani es a ions o he change,
discussed key ques ions, and delibe a ed
how o u he s udy he change.
By mid-1997, da a om a c ic
expedi ions and a mosphe ic s udies
sugges ed ha he in luence o A lan ic
Wa e in he A c ic Ocean has become
mo e widesp ead and in ense in his
decade han had p e iously been
documen ed (see Wi ness Au umn 1997).
New obse a ions include:
• The e is a co ela ion be ween an
inc ease in he empe a u e o A lan ic
Wa e in he A c ic and he No h
A lan ic Oscilla ion index.
• Since 1990, he e has been a ma ked
dec ease in hea and salini y inpu o
he A c ic om he Paci ic Ocean
h ough Be ing S ai .
• The cold halocline, which insula es
he sea-ice co e om hea s o ed in
A lan ic Wa e , has hinned and in
some a eas disappea ed in he 1990s.
• The e has been a end in he 1990s
owa d dec easing ice ex en ,
especially in he Sibe ian shel seas.
• Sp ing and ea ly summe ai
empe a u es ha e inc eased. The mel
season in he A c ic has go en longe .
In a leas one Alaska loca ion,
pe ma os empe a u es ha e been
inc easing since app oxima ely 1991.
• In a mosphe ic ci cula ion wi hin
he No h Paci ic egion in he 1990s,
a Pola Pa e n is inc easingly impo an
ela i e o he Paci ic No h Ame ican
and No h Paci ic ci cula ion pa e ns.
• Beau o Sea mixed laye salini ies
measu ed in la e 1997 du ing he
SHEBA expe imen (see page 7) a e
subs an ially lowe han hey we e in he
1970s. This sugges s ha he e has been
inc eased mel ing o ice du ing summe .
Hea (sola adia ion) s o ed in he
mixed laye is also g ea e .
Toge he , hese and ea lie
obse a ions sugges ha a c ic change is
a leas a decadal-scale phenomenon ha
has b oad implica ions and ela es o
changes a lowe la i udes. Wo kshop
pa icipan s p oposed ha an in e na ional
S udy o A c ic Change should include:
• egula measu emen s o a mosphe e,
ocean, ice, and some e es ial
pa ame e s o a leas he nex decade;
• examina ion o his o ical eco ds o
e idence o such change in he pas ; and
• a modeling e o o y o unde s and
he causes o he change.
Some o he equi ed obse a ions a e
being ca ied ou now as pa o o he
p og ams. P omp a en ion o he need
o u he da a can close c i ical gaps.
The A c ic Change wo kshop was
unded by he NSF ARCSS P og am.
A d a wo kshop epo is a ailable
o e iew (h p://psc.apl.washing on.edu/
A c ic_change/Repo _5.h ml).
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac James
Mo ison in Sea le, WA (206/543-1394;
ax 206/543-3521; [email p o ec ed].
washing on.edu).
Wo kshop Con i ms Signi ican A c ic Change
The new science plan o he ARCSS P og am, Towa d P edic ion o he A c ic
Sys em: p edic ing u u e s a es o he a c ic sys em on seasonal- o-cen u y ime
scales by in eg a ing obse a ions, p ocess esea ch, modeling, and assessmen was
published in Ma ch 1998.
This plan examines he p og ess made in he las eigh yea s, e iews signi ican
esea ch indings om each o he majo p og ams o ARCSS, p o ides a basis o
inc eased in eg a ion and syn hesis, and begins o de ine he ques ions and esea ch
p io i ies ha now a ise based on inc eased unde s anding o he a c ic sys em.
Copies o Towa d P edic ion o he A c ic Sys em a e a ailable om ARCUS.
The documen also is a ailable as a PDF ile om he ARCUS Web si e.
New ARCSS Science Plan A ailable
All-Hands Wo kshop Repo
Towa d An A c ic Sys em Syn hesis: Resul s and Recommenda ions, he epo
om he i s A c ic Sys em Science (ARCSS) P og am all-in es iga o
wo kshop, which con ened in May 1996 in Snowbi d, U ah, is now a ailable.
Mo e han 175 esea che s who had been ac i e in he i s se en yea s o ARCSS
esea ch, in es iga o s om o he majo na ional and in e na ional a c ic esea ch
p og ams, and ep esen a i es o ede al agencies conduc ing a c ic esea ch
p esen ed esul s, assessed he s a e o he ARCSS scien i ic en e p ise and wo ked
oge he o iden i y he ollowing h ee esea ch p io i ies ela ed o he wo kshop
heme, Va iabili y o he A c ic Sys em: Mani es a ions and Mechanisms:
• Tempo al and Spa ial Change;
• En i onmen , Resou ces, and People; and
• Global Change and he A c ic Sys em.
Syn hesis ecommenda ions om he wo kshop we e u he de eloped
in discussions wi h membe s o hea c ic esea ch communi y. These
ecommenda ions o med he basis o he new ARCSS science plan (see below).
The epo is a ailable om ARCUS ([email p o ec ed]). I is also a ailable as a
PDF ile on he ARCUS Web si e (h p://www.a cus.o g/ARCSS/AllHands/).

6
In la e 1997, a special issue o Global
Change Biology published 16 pape s
de eloped om he 6 h In e na ional
Tund a Expe imen (ITEX) wo kshop,
held in Ap il 1995 a he Uni e si y o
O awa, Canada. ITEX esea ch is ca ied
ou in 11 coun ies; in he Uni ed S a es,
s udies a e suppo ed h ough he LAII
componen o he ARCSS P og am.
Each pape compa es he sho - e m
esponses o common species o clima e
a ia ions and manipula ions a ITEX
si es (see Wi ness Au umn 1997). These
manipula ions include passi e wa ming o
und a plo s by open- op chambe s and
manipula ion o snow dep h. The open-
op chambe s inc ease mean nea -su ace
empe a u es by 1-3oC du ing he g owing
season, simula ing p edic ions om global
ci cula ion models.
Edi o s o he compendium make he
ollowing quali a i e obse a ions:
e ec s o clima e change a he
ecosys em le el in a c ic and alpine
und a.
ITEX esea che s ga he ed in San a
Ba ba a in Decembe 1996 o conduc
a quan i a i e analysis o he da a ha had
been ga he ed om si es h oughou he
und a biome (see Wi ness Au umn 1996).
Ma ilyn Walke coo dina ed he wo kshop;
a manusc ip desc ibing he i s esul s om
he me a-analysis is o hcoming.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac
G eg Hen y in Vancou e , BC, Canada
(604/822-2985; ax 604/822-6150;
[email p o ec ed]) o Ma ilyn Walke in
Boulde , CO (303/492-5276; ax 303/492-
6388; mwalke @ aimy .colo ado.edu).
Re e ences
Global Change Biology. Decembe 1997. The
In e na ional Tund a Expe imen (ITEX)
Sho - e m Responses o Tund a Plan s
o Expe imen al Wa ming. 3(1):1-164.
Global Change Biology
Publishes ITEX Resul s
• All ascula plan species in es iga ed
esponded o he empe a u e inc ease,
especially in a iables ela ed o iming
(phenology) and ep oduc ion.
• Sho - e m esponses appea o be
indi idualis ic; he e we e no appa en
pa e ns in esponses no ed o
unc ional ypes.
• Responses we e gene ally simila among
si es, al hough he magni ude o
esponse ended o be g ea e in high-
a c ic si es.
• Ea ly snowmel inc eased ca bon:
nu ien a ios in plan s. Sus ained
g ow h and ep oduc i e esponses o
wa ming will depend on nu ien
supply; inc eased ca bon:nu ien a ios
in li e could bu e nu ien cycling
and hence plan g ow h.
• Ongoing long- e m esea ch a ITEX
si es, linked o o he global change
ini ia i es, will help elucida e p obable
ARCSS P og am Upda es
LAII Resea ch Mo es Wes
A new esea ch p og am in he Wes e n
A c ic/Be ing Sea egion begins in
1998 unde he Land-A mosphe e-Ice
In e ac ions (LAII) componen o he
ARCSS P og am. A c ic T ansi ions in
he Land-A mosphe e Sys em (ATLAS)
examines ansi ions on a c ic lands ha
a e caused by clima e change o de elop
scena ios o u u e change in he a c ic
sys em. Resea che s aim o achie e his
goal by quan i ying geog aphic pa e ns
and p ocesses o clima e-land su ace
exchanges o mass and ene gy.
ATLAS ollows he LAII Flux S udy,
which examined CO2 and CH4 sou ces
and sinks in he Kupa uk Ri e basin o
no he n Alaska ha could ha e eedback
e ec s on he global clima e (see Wi ness
Au umn 1996). ATLAS is b oade han
he Flux S udy in a leas h ee espec s:
• I will ex apola e clima e, pe ma os ,
ege a ion, and luxes a spa ial scales
om plo s o he ci cumpola A c ic.
• I will de elop scena ios o u u e
ajec o ies o hese pa ame e s o e
he nex 10-200 yea s.
• The guiding mo i a ion o he esea ch
is o imp o e unde s anding o he
coupled na u e o he land and
a mosphe e in he a c ic sys em.
ATLAS suppo s eigh mul i-
in es iga o p ojec s anging om clima e
o ege a ion, ace-gas, and hyd ology
s udies. The igh ly in eg a ed p og am
includes ield s udies, emo e sensing, and
modeling. The new ield s udies will ake
place in a Wes e n A c ic ansec om
Ba ow o A kasuk and I o uk on he
No h Slope, mo ing o he Sewa d
Peninsula and, e en ually, o Chuko ka,
Russia, o e a i e-yea pe iod.
Unde -in es iga ed issues ha ATLAS
s udies will add ess include:
• spa ial and empo al pa e ns o clima e
and soil mois u e, and hei ela ionship
o ene gy exchange and uno ;
• modeling o hyd ology a he egional
scale (a ine scale han is a o ded by
global clima e models),
• compiling and ex apola ing da a o
ill in gaps in he clima e da a o
la ge a eas o he A c ic;
• pa e ns and con ols o la ge-scale
me hane lux;
• socio-economic implica ions o global
change in he egion; and
• documen a ion o ca bon, wa e , and
ene gy luxes in he high A c ic.
ATLAS esea ch ac i i ies will
con ibu e o o he esea ch p og ams,
bo h wi hin ARCSS and a o he agencies
(e.g., he Be ing Sea Impac s S udy, see
page 18). ATLAS p ojec s will also
ad ance in e na ional syn hesis and
moni o ing p og ams (e.g., Ci cuma c ic
Ac i e Laye Moni o ing ne wo k o he
In e na ional Pe ma os Associa ion).
The ATLAS Implemen a ion Plan,
published in Ma ch 1998, is a ailable on
he LAII Web si e (see add ess below).
The Jou nal o Geophysical Resea ch–
A mosphe es will publish a special issue on
LAII Flux S udy esea ch in ea ly 1999.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac Pa icia
A. Ande son a he LAII Science Manage-
men O ice in Fai banks, AK (907/474-
5698; ax 907/474-6722; pa icia@gi.
alaska.edu; h p://www.laii.ua .edu/).
7
The Russian-Ame ican Ini ia i e on Shel -Land En i onmen s (RAISE)
P ospec us is now a ailable. The objec i e o RAISE is o acili a e collabo a i e
esea ch be ween Russian and Ame ican scien is s in o de o unde s and p ocesses
and e en s in e es ial, shel , and ocean en i onmen s in no he n Eu asia (see
Wi ness Au umn 1997).
ARCSS s ongly encou ages submission o in e disciplina y p oposals; he nex
due da e is 1 Augus 1998. P oposals should demons a e clea connec ions o bo h:
• he goals o RAISE and
• ARCSS hemes as desc ibed in he p og am’s long- ange plan (see page 4).
Fo mo e in o ma ion abou he ARCSS P og am, con ac Michael Ledbe e
(703/306-1029; ax 703/306-0648; [email p o ec ed]).
The P ospec us is a ailable om ARCUS and can be downloaded as a PDF ile
om he ARCUS Web si e (h p://www.a cus.o g/RAISE/).
ARCSS P og am Upda es
Ocean-A mosphe e-Ice In e ac ions
(OAII) esea che s a e now
e ie ing da a om he Su ace Hea
Budge o he A c ic Ocean (SHEBA)
Phase II ield e o s, and a e mo ing
o wa d on Phase I o he Wes e n A c ic
Shel -Basin In e ac ions p og am.
Su ace Hea Budge o he A c ic Ocean
The Canadian iceb eake Des
G oseillie s has been d i ing in a c ic pack
ice since Oc obe 1997. As o mid-June
1998, i was app oxima ely 875 nau ical
miles om i s o iginal loca ion. In e es ing
scien i ic esul s include e idence ha he
ice pack appea s o be anomalously hin
and ha his is associa ed wi h a ia ions
in he empe a u e and salini y o uppe
wa e laye s. A manusc ip p esen ing
hese esul s (McPhee e al. 1998)
is a ailable on he SHEBA Web si e
(h p://sheba.apl.washing on.edu/).
SHEBA ield wo k has ecei ed
conside able media a en ion, including
epo s on ABC’s Good Mo ning Ame ica,
CBS’ E ening News wi h Dan Ra he , and
Na ional Public Radio’s Mo ning Edi ion;
and a icles by he Associa ed P ess,
Ch is ian Science Moni o , USA Today,
and The New Yo k Times.
OAII Recei ing Da a om Beau o Sea Pack Ice
RAISE P ospec us A ailable
Wes e n A c ic Shel Basin In e ac ions
The Science Plan o he Wes e n A c ic
Shel Basin In e ac ions (SBI) p og am has
been app o ed, and an Announcemen o
Oppo uni y solici ed Phase I p oposals
due in June 1998. SBI will ha e a
biological and biogeochemical ocus.
The SBI Science Plan is a ailable om he
OAII Science Managemen O ice (SMO)
and on he OAII Web si e (h p://a css-
oaii.ccpo.odu.edu/).
OAII Science S ee ing Commi ee (SSC)
The OAII SSC me in Knox ille,
Tennessee in No embe 1997. Te y
Whi ledge, Chie Scien is on he 1997
U.S. Na y Subma ine A c ic Science
C uise (see page 13), ga e an o e iew o
he expe imen , which included da a
collec ion a he SHEBA si e.
The SSC conside ed h ee esea ch
ini ia i es p oposed by membe s o he
a c ic science communi y: 1) he S udy
o A c ic Change ini ia i e (see page 5),
2) he Canadian A c ic Th ough low
p ojec , and 3) he Canadian Basin
ini ia i e. The SSC suppo s hese p ojec s
o u he conside a ion and has made
ecommenda ions o ocusing he
planning e o s.
Kelly Falkne , Dennis Da by, and
And ew Wea e succeed Knu Aagaa d,
Da e Cla k, and Te y Whi ledge on he
SSC. OAII is g a e ul o he e o s o
e i ing membe s.
The Planning Wo kshop Repo om
he May 1997 ARCSS/OAII All-Hands
Mee ing in Vi ginia Beach (see Wi ness
Au umn 1997) is now a ailable om
he OAII SMO.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, access he OAII
Web si e (h p://a css-oaii.ccpo.odu.edu/),
o con ac Lou Codispo i a he OAII
SMO in No olk, VA (757/683-5770;
ax 757/683-5550; [email p o ec ed])
o OAII SSC Chai Jackie G ebmeie in
Knox ille, TN (423/974-2592; ax 423/
974-3067; [email p o ec ed]).
Re e ences
McPhee, M.G., T.P. S an on, J.H. Mo ison,
D.G. Ma inson. 1998. F eshening o he
uppe ocean in he Cen al A c ic: is pe ennial
sea ice disappea ing? Geophysical Resea ch
Le e s 25(10):1729-1732.
As o 19 June 1998, he Canadian Iceb eake Des G oseillie s, pla o m o he SHEBA esea ch expe imen , had
d i ed app oxima ely 875 nau ical miles since 2 Oc obe 1997, when i had been ozen in o he Beau o Sea pack ice.
8
he no he n hemisphe e is comple e,
GISP2 in es iga o s con inue o examine
he co e o clues on clima e change. The
in e na ional Ice-Co e Ci cum-A c ic
Paleoclima e P og am (ICAPP; see
page 17), has begun o collec and analyze
o he ice co ing si es in he A c ic and
compa e hem o he GISP2 eco d. This
p og am and con inued collabo a ion
wi h o he ARCSS ini ia i es will help
o imp o e knowledge o he a c ic
clima e sys em.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he GISP2
Web si e (h p://www.gisp2.s .unh.edu/
GISP2/), o con ac Ma k Twickle a
he GISP2 Science Managemen O ice
in Du ham, NH (603/862-1991; ax 603/
862-2124; [email p o ec ed]).
A he Feb ua y 1998 P incipal
In es iga o s mee ing in Boulde ,
Colo ado, PALE esea che s e iewed
p og ess o e he pas h ee yea s:
• High- esolu ion clima e eco ds ha e
been econs uc ed using a wide ange
o clima e p oxies.
• A syn hesis o cu en high- esolu ion
da a collec ed by nume ous esea che s
was ecen ly published in Science
(see ea u e a icle).
• Regional he e ogenei y in clima e
esponse ac oss he A c ic is eme ging
as a pa e n, as mo e da a a e ga he ed
a bo h sho (2,000-yea ) and longe
(20,000- and 150,000-yea ) ime scales.
• Se e al new clima e-model simula ions
ha e been un, including a 10,000-yea
BP simula ion using a low- esolu ion
global clima e model (GCM) (GENE-
SIS 2.0) and a simula ion o he No h
A lan ic egion using a high- esolu ion
limi ed a ea model (ARCSyM).
The g oup de eloped ou hemes
o ocus he nex h ee yea s o esea ch:
• Wha is he signi icance o he
p ominen 20 h-cen u y wa ming and
coinciden en i onmen al changes in
he con ex o changes ha occu ed
h ough he Holocene?
• Wha is he sensi i i y o a c ic clima e
o al e ed o cing and po en ially la ge
eedbacks o he clima e sys em (e.g.,
snow and ice albedo, ege a ion)?
• Whe e a e he impo an links be ween
land and ocean shel (e.g., ex en and
e ec s o changes in a c ic sea ice)?
• Wha a e sub- egional pa e ns and
causes o clima e a iabili y, and how do
hese ela e o biogeophysical p ocesses
(e.g., ca bon dynamics, pe ma os ) ha
may eed back o he clima e sys em?
The la e wo hemes p o ide oppo uni y
o coo dina ion wi h o he ARCSS
p og ams; collabo a i e wo kshops a e
en isioned o he coming yea .
PALE also plans o:
• u he de elop egional clima e models
in Be ingia and he No h A lan ic,
• u he de elop simula ions wi h
coupled a mosphe e-ocean GCMs,
• expand i s geog aphic ocus in conjunc-
ion wi h i s in e na ional coun e pa ,
Ci cum-A c ic PaleoEn i onmen s
(CAPE). In pa icula , he PALE A las,
de eloped as a pilo p ojec o he
Be ingian egion (see Wi ness Au umn
1997), will be expanded o co e he
A c ic and is expec ed o become
he s anda d eposi o y o a c ic
paleoen i onmen al da a. To iew
he PALE A las, isi h p://www.ngdc.
noaa.go /paleo/pale/a las.h ml.
The Be ingian paleoen i onmen s
wo kshop, co-sponso ed by PALE in
Sep embe 1997 and a ended by well o e
100 pa icipan s om No h Ame ica and
he Fo me So ie Union, highligh ed he
b ead h and dep h o Be ingian esea ch
and he la ge communi y o scien is s
who can po en ially con ibu e o ARCSS
goals. Qua e na y Science Re iews will
publish pape s om his mee ing in
a special issue de o ed o Be ingia.
PALE and CAPE ha e ini ia ed da a-
model compa isons in conjunc ion wi h
he BIOME 6000 p ojec , which aims o
gene a e global maps o ege a ion
“biomes”—uni s de ined on he basis o
hei dominan plan unc ional ypes—
om pollen da a o p esen , 6,000, and
18,000 14C yea s BP. These maps will hen
be used o assess GCM uns coupled o
he BIOME ege a ion model. PALE co-
sponso ed an in e na ional wo kshop in
Ge many in Ap il 1998, wi h h ee goals:
• adap an exis ing coupled biogeog aphy-
biogeochemis y model o simula e
he majo ea u es (composi ion and
unc ion) o a c ic ege a ion,
• e ine he p esen me hod o in e ing
biomes om paleoecological eco ds in
o de o allow e icien disc imina ion
among a c ic ege a ion ypes, and
• gene a e ci cuma c ic paleo ege a ion
maps.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac
Kim Ma sella a he PALE Science
Managemen O ice (303/492-0246; ax
303/492-6388; [email p o ec ed]),
and see he PALE Web si e (h p://www.
ngdc.noaa.go /paleo/pale/index.h ml).
ARCSS P og am Upda es
PALE PI Mee ing Se s Di ec ion o he Nex Th ee Yea s
Jou nal o Geophysical Resea ch
Publishes GISP2 and GRIP Resea ch
In No embe 1997, he Jou nal o
Geophysical Resea ch (JGR) published
a Special Issue on he U.S. and Eu opean
ice co es collec ed be ween 1989 and 1993
a Summi , G eenland (see Wi ness Sp ing
1997). This join issue o JGR—Oceans
and A mosphe es—con ains 47 a icles
p esen ing esea ch esul s om he
co es (see Publica ions, page 23).
GISP2 in es iga o s ha e been wo king
closely wi h he Wo ld Da a Cen e s o
Glaciology and Paleoclima ology o
p oduce a CD-ROM on he G eenland
Summi Ice Co es. This CD-ROM is
now a ailable h ough he Na ional Snow
and Ice Da a Cen e (303/492-6199).
The da a a e also a ailable om he
ARCSS Da a Coo dina ion Cen e
Web si e (h p://a css.colo ado.edu/).
Al hough he GISP2 ini ia i e o
collec he longes ice co e a ailable in
9
NSF News
In Ap il 1998, NSF published A c ic
Resea ch P og am Oppo uni ies (NSF
98-72), upda ing i s 1995 documen
add essing p oposals o esea ch in all o
he A c ic and o a c ic esea ch based a
ins i u ions in he Uni ed S a es.
The Uni ed S a es A c ic Resea ch and
Policy Ac o 1984 de ines he A c ic as:
• all a eas no h o he A c ic Ci cle;
• all Uni ed S a es e i o y no h and
wes o he bounda y o med by he
Po cupine, Yukon, and Kuskokwim
i e s; and
• all con iguous seas including he A c ic
Ocean; he Beau o , Be ing, and
Chukchi seas; and he Aleu ian chain.
Field p ojec s alling ou side hese
bounda ies bu di ec ly ela ed o a c ic
science and enginee ing condi ions o
issues, such as labo a o y and heo e ical
s udies, a e app op ia e.
NSF is one o 12 ede al agencies
ha sponso o conduc a c ic science,
enginee ing, and ela ed ac i i ies. As
manda ed by he A c ic Resea ch and
Policy Ac o 1984, ede al in e agency
esea ch planning is coo dina ed h ough
he In e agency A c ic Resea ch Policy
Commi ee (IARPC) which is chai ed
by NSF (see Wi ness Au umn 1996).
In iscal yea 1997, NSF p o ided
$49.39 million o 362 a c ic esea ch
p ojec s. O his, $30.71 million was
om he OPP A c ic Resea ch P og am.
The goal o he A c ic Resea ch
P og am is o gain a be e unde s anding
o he ea h’s biological, geological,
chemical, and sociocul u al p ocesses,
and he in e ac ions o ocean, land,
a mosphe e, biological, and human
sys ems. OPP o e s ocused
mul idisciplina y and in e disciplina y
p og ams ha emphasize he uniqueness
o he A c ic o special scien i ic s udies.
OPP encou ages he s udy o :
• long- e m, human-en i onmen
in e ac ions;
• con empo a y socioeconomic, cul u al,
and demog aphic issues in he changing
poli ical en i onmen o he pos -Cold
Wa wo ld;
• bipola esea ch, especially glaciology,
pe ma os , sea ice, ecology, and
ae onomy.
Inc easing emphasis is being gi en o
he in eg a ion o esea ch and educa ion.
Scien i ic p og ams connec ed o s uden s
(K-12 and abo e), a ec ed communi ies
in he No h, and he gene al public’s
imp o ed unde s anding o basic esea ch
a e s ongly encou aged. Educa ional
componen s a e encou aged wi h p oposed
esea ch in all disciplines and p og ams,
bu s and-alone p oposals a e
also en e ained.
Resea ch P og ams
Th ee in eg a ed p og ams in OPP
suppo a c ic esea ch:
A c ic Na u al Sciences—glaciology;
and a mosphe ic, biological, ea h,
and ocean sciences;
A c ic Social Sciences—an h opology,
a cheology, economics, geog aphy,
linguis ics, poli ical science, psychology,
sociology, and ela ed subjec s, especially
human/en i onmen in e ac ions,
including issues ela ed o subsis ence
and sus ainable de elopmen ; and
A c ic Sys em Science (ARCSS)—
in e disciplina y esea ch o
• unde s and he physical, geological,
chemical, biological, and sociocul u al
p ocesses o he a c ic sys em ha
in e ac wi h he o al Ea h sys em and
hus con ibu e o o a e in luenced by
global change, in o de o
• ad ance he scien i ic basis o
p edic ing en i onmen al change on
a seasonal- o-cen u ies ime scale,
and o o mula ing policy op ions in
esponse o he an icipa ed impac s o
global change on humans and socie al
suppo sys ems.
ARCSS places an emphasis on ou
scien i ic h us s:
• unde s anding global and egional
impac s o he a c ic clima e sys em
and i s a iabili y;
• de e mining he ole o he A c ic
in global biogeochemical cycling;
• iden i ying global change impac s
on he s uc u e and s abili y o
a c ic ecosys ems; and
• es ablishing he links be ween
en i onmen al change and
human ac i i y.
NSF Publishes A c ic Resea ch P og am Oppo uni ies
Ta ge da es o all NSF A c ic
p og am p oposals changed in
1998 o 15 Feb ua y and 1 Augus .
NSF p oposal guidelines and o he
use ul in o ma ion, such as abs ac s
o p ojec s unded, can be ound a
he NSF Web si e (h p://www.ns .
go /).
New P oposal Da es
OPP also p o ides suppo o A c ic
Resea ch and Policy (managemen and
in eg a ion o a c ic da a and in o ma ion)
and A c ic Logis ics.
The Guide o P og ams (NSF 97-150)
desc ibes special unding oppo uni ies
including in e na ional coope a i e
ac i i ies, human esou ces de elopmen ,
and o he p og ams (see Wi ness
Au umn 1997).
New announcemen s o esea ch
oppo uni ies and he Founda ion’s G an
P oposal Guide (NSF 98-2) a e a ailable on
he NSF Web si e (h p://www.ns .go ).
Copies o he Guide and he NSF
P oposal Fo ms Ki (NSF 98-3) a e
a ailable om he NSF Clea inghouse
(301/947-2722; [email p o ec ed]; h p://
www.ns .go /b a/cpo/gpg/ki /s a .h m).
A compila ion o all NSF a c ic and
ela ed esea ch g an s o each iscal yea
is a ailable (NSF 98-101 o h p://
www.ns .go /cgi-bin/ge pub?ns 9778
o FY 1997. The cu en NSF Guide
o P og ams (NSF 97-150 o h p://
www.ns .go /cgi-bin/ge pub?gp) should
be consul ed o addi ional p og am
in o ma ion.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he OPP
Web si e (h p://www.ns .go /od/opp/).
16
The Nansen A c ic D illing P og am
(NAD) is an in e na ional esea ch
e o designed o s udy he A c ic’s
geological e olu ion and pas
en i onmen al change in o de o be e
p edic he u u e o he A c ic Basin and
i s e ec on global p ocesses. In 1995,
NAD began seeking close links o he
in e na ional Ocean D illing P og am
(ODP), which has sampled in all he
wo ld’s oceans excep he A c ic.
In 1997, ollowing an Oc obe 1996
wo kshop in S . Pe e sbu g, Russia (see
Wi ness Sp ing 1997), NAD published an
implemen a ion plan. The plan is a ailable
om he NAD Sec e a ia a Join
Oceanog aphic Ins i u ions (JOI) in
Washing on, DC (202/232-3900; ax
202/232-8203; [email p o ec ed]; h p://
www.joi-odp.o g/joi/PDFs/
NADImplPlan.pd ).
Regional Planning G oups ha e
o med o de ine he scien i ic objec i es
e es ial pea s, lake sedimen s, loess,
pe ma os , pe iglacial ea u es, and glacial
deposi s. Resea che s hope o encoun e
al e na ing sequences o e es ial and
ma ine sedimen s in he Land B idge
sedimen s, documen ing pe haps dozens o
sea-le el changes ha occu ed h ough
he Pleis ocene, as con inen al ice shee s
waxed and waned in esponse o changes
in clima e.
Because olcanism has been impo an
on and a ound he ma gin o he Be ing
Land B idge h ough he Qua e na y ( he
pas 1.6 million yea s), eph as and o he
olcanic deposi s will o m pa o he
ma ine sedimen a y eco d.
Fu he mo e, ecen ec onic ea u es
a e likely o be eco ded in he co e, as he
Be ing Land B idge is belie ed o o m an
ac i e pla e ma gin be ween Asia and
No h Ame ica.
Jim Begé (Uni e si y o Alaska
Geophysical Ins i u e) is he scien i ic
leade o he Be ing Sea Land B idge
componen o NAD.
Plans a e also mo ing o wa d o he
o he NAD a ge si es. In summe 1998,
he Pola s e n will in es iga e po en ial
d ill si es on Alpha Ridge and pe o m a
si e su ey in he Lap e Sea (Russia’s
pe mission is pending a p ess ime). NAD
plans o selec he Lap e Sea d ill si e(s)
in 1999 and o d ill in 2000.
The 1998 Subma ine A c ic Science
C uise (SCICEX, see page 13) will
conduc a e ac ion/ e lec ion p og am on
he Chukchi Pla eau which may yield
po en ial NAD d illing si es.
A Lomonoso Ridge d illing p oposal
has been submi ed o ODP. (A 1996
a emp o d ill on Lomonoso Ridge
om he Swedish iceb eake Oden was
abo ed.) A eam o scien is s led by Yng e
K is o e sen (Uni e si y o Be gen) has
been iden i ied o de e mine bes si es
and pla o ms.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac And ea
Johnson in Washing on, DC (202/232-
3900, x213 o 202/939-1623; ax
202/232-8203; [email p o ec ed]),
o isi he JOI Web si e (h p://www.joi-
odp.o g/).
Nansen A c ic D illing P og am De ines Ta ge s
The Ocean D illing P og am (ODP)
is an in e na ional pa ne ship o
scien is s and esea ch ins i u ions
o ganized o explo e he e olu ion and
s uc u e o he Ea h. Since Janua y 1985,
ODP has used he d ill ship JOIDES
Resolu ion o eco e mo e han 160,000
me e s o co e, p o iding esea che s wi h
access o a as eposi o y o sedimen s and
ocks. Scien is s om pa ne coun ies
submi and e iew d illing p oposals ia
ODP’s scien i ic ad iso y s uc u e, he
Join Oceanog aphic Ins i u ions o Deep
Ea h Sampling (JOIDES), which guides
he p og am.
Al hough i has been success ul, ODP
is scheduled o end on 1 Oc obe 2003.
In o de o p omo e u he collabo a ion,
an in e na ional con e ence is planned o
May 1999 in Vancou e , Canada.
The con e ence will de ine he
scien i ic objec i es o a u u e, mul i-
pla o m ocean d illing p og am wi h wo
majo essels. This con e ence will ocus
on he scien i ic goals o non- ise d illing;
The Fu u e o Scien i ic Ocean D illing
and equi ed echnology, o conduc si e
su eys, and o submi p oposals. The
ini ial a ge s a e:
• Be ing Sea Land B idge,
• Lap e Sea on he con inen al shel ,
• he Ye mak and Chukchi Pla eaus, and
• in he deep A c ic, he Lomonoso and
Alpha idges.
The Be ing Sea Land B idge p og am
seeks o de elop a comp ehensi e
unde s anding o pas en i onmen al
a iabili y in he Be ing S ai ’s ole as a
Paci ic ga eway h ough documen a ion o
pas change and assessmen o he possible
esponsible mechanisms. The p og am will
explo e he links be ween ocean and
con inen s (e.g., sea le el, sea-ice co e ,
glacial his o y, ma ine/ e es ial
paleoecology). A mul idisciplina y
app oach will be equi ed, in pa because
he Be ing Land B idge has been exposed
abo e sea le el a imes; a leas pa o he
sedimen a y eco d is likely o include
i will complemen he July 1997
Con e ence o Coope a i e Ocean Rise
D illing (CONCORD), which de ined he
scien i ic ini ia i es o use o a ise -
equipped d illing essel. (Tha epo is
a ailable a h p://ms ip1.jams ec.go.jp/
jams ec/OD21/CONCORD/ esul .h ml).
As a basis o guiding and s uc u ing
he Sp ing 1999 con e ence, he JOIDES
O ice is solici ing b ie (app oxima ely 1-
page) s a emen s o in e es ha desc ibe a
scien i ic objec i e, i s impo ance, and he
necessi y o d illing. Technical de ails a e
no necessa y. This is an oppo uni y o
in e es ed esea che s o in luence he
scien i ic di ec ion o he new p og am;
inpu om he a c ic esea ch communi y
is encou aged. S a emen s o in e es
should be submi ed o he JOIDES
O ice by 1 Sep embe 1998.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac
JOIDES in Woods Hole, MA (508/289-
3481; ax 508/457-2187; joides@whoi.
edu; h p://www.whoi.edu/joides).
Science News

17
Recons uc ion o pas clima ic change
in he A c ic as a measu e o na u al
a iabili y in he sys em equi es da a mos
sui ably ob ained om ice co es. The
G eenland Ice Co e P ojec (see page 8)
has demons a ed he weal h o da a
a ailable in pola glacie s. No single ice
co e om he No he n Hemisphe e,
howe e , is able o p o ide a comple e
pic u e o pas clima ic change, pa icula ly
du ing wa m clima ic modes, like he
Holocene, when a c ic clima e is mo e
egionalized han du ing glacial imes.
Ice co es a e needed om he many smalle
ice caps in he ci cuma c ic egion as well
as om suba c ic alpine si es.
Because in e na ional coope a ion is
inc easingly impo an in his ield, he
mul i-na ional Ice-Co e Ci cum-A c ic
Paleoclima e P og am (ICAPP) was
o mally es ablished in 1996 as pa o
he Pas Global Changes P ojec (PAGES)
o he In e na ional Geosphe e-Biosphe e
P og am (IGBP). ICAPP will use
paleoclima ic eco ds om ice co es
and snow and ice sampling o e alua e
a iabili y in pas clima e change and
he magni ude and spa ial a iabili y o
na u al and an h opogenic pollu an s
eaching he A c ic. ICAPP will also
encou age he compila ion o hese eco ds
o place he A c ic in he con ex o
he global clima e sys em.
The ini ial ICAPP p ojec was a d illing
p og am on he Penny Ice Cap, Ba in
Island, join ly unde aken by he Geo-
logical Su ey o Canada, Clima e Change
Resea ch Cen e (Uni e si y o New
Hampshi e), and he Nagaoka Ins i u e o
Snow and Ice S udies, Japan. A 334-me e
co e was collec ed om he summi egion
in 1995; a second co e was collec ed on
a smalle dome in 1996 as pa o IGBP-
PAGES and he Mass Balance o A c ic
Glacie s and Ice Shee s in ela ion o
Clima e and Sea-Le el Changes
(MAGICS) P ojec o he In e na ional
A c ic Science Commi ee (IASC).
The IASC Glaciology Wo king G oup
discussed u u e ICAPP ice-co ing p ojec s
a i s Janua y 1998 mee ing in Wales.
O pa icula in e es is a p oposed co ing
p ojec on he glacie Akademii Nauk, on
Se e naya Zemlya in Russia, p obably in
A second ocus, se ing a c ic p io i ies,
p o ided an oppo uni y o a panel o
s akeholde s and policymake s o iden i y
p io i y p oblems in he A c ic. A panel o
scien is s hen commen ed on he
in o ma ion ha would be necessa y
o sol e hose p oblems. IASC encou ages
o he s o os e compa able dialogues a
na ional and in e na ional le els.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac Odd
Rogne in Oslo, No way (+47/22-95-96-
00; ax +47/22-95-96-01; [email p o ec ed])
o isi he IASC Web si e (h p://www.
npola .no/iasc/).
Science News
The A c ic Clima e Sys em S udy
(ACSYS) o he Wo ld Clima e
Resea ch P og amme (WCRP) held a
con e ence on Pola P ocesses and Global
Clima e on O cas Island, Washing on, in
No embe 1997. This second ACSYS
Scien i ic Con e ence examined clima ic
p ocesses in bo h pola egions, explo ed
he connec ion be ween hese p ocesses
and he global clima e sys em, and
add essed he need o global clima e
in es iga ions o accoun ealis ically o
pola p ocesses.
The con e ence ocused on h ee sub-
hemes on he Pola Clima e Sys em:
• New Obse a ional Insigh s;
• Sou ces, Sinks, and Budge s;
• P ocesses and hei Modeling;
and a ou h on Pola and Global Clima e:
• Va iabili y and Feedbacks.
App oxima ely 150 pa icipan s ook
pa . The con e ence demons a ed he
ex ensi e p og ess in unde s anding and
de e mining he dynamic na u e o he
Second ACSYS Science Mee ing Held
a c ic clima e sys em and i s links o he
wide global clima e sys em since he i s
ACSYS Con e ence held in 1994. WCRP
and ACSYS ha e os e ed mul idiscipli-
na y ac i i ies including in e na ional
coo dina ion o obse a ions and da a se s
and model in e compa isons.
Con e ence p oceedings and a lis o
abs ac i les a e a ailable on he In e ne
(h p://www.npola .no/acsys/ osa ioweb/
p ocedu .h m) and (h p://www.npola .
no/acsys/ osa ioweb/abs ac lis .h m).
The inal p oceedings and abs ac s
a e being published by WCRP.
In ea ly Augus 1998, ACSYS will
con ene wo consecu i e mee ings in
Sea le, Washing on on he A c ic Buoy
P og am and Sea-Ice Cha s o he A c ic
(see Calenda , page 23).
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac To dis
Villinge a he ACSYS P og am O ice
in Oslo, No way (+47/22 95 95 73; ax
+47/22 95 96 01; [email p o ec ed];
h p://www.ca oline.npola .no/acsys/).
1999. Resea che s also plan o collec co es
om Lomonoso , Ves onna, S alba d,
and F anz Jose Land wi hin wo yea s.
Fo mo e in o ma ion—and o
con ibu e in o ma ion on p oposed
and ongoing ice-co ing p ojec s in
he A c ic—con ac G ego y Zielinski
in Du ham, NH (603/862-1012; ax
603/862-2124; [email p o ec ed])
o Roy Koe ne in O awa, ON Canada
(613/996-7623; ax 613/996-5448;
koe ne @n can. gc.ca).
P og am Coo dina es A c ic Ice-Co e Resea ch and Da a
IASC Mee ing Engages Policymake s
The In e na ional A c ic Science
Commi ee (IASC) held i s annual
mee ing in Fai banks, Alaska, in Ap il
1998. One ocus o he mee ing was
impac s and e ec s o global change.
Speake s e iewed:
• cu en s udies o global change (e.g.,
he egional Be ing Sea Impac S udy,
see page 18; e es ial ecosys em
s udies);
• speci ic e ec s (e.g., e ec s o inc eased
UV-B exposu e); and
• socie al conce ns.
18
esea ch planning and in o ma ion
sha ing on he Be ing Sea (h p://
www.pmel.noaa.go /be ing/); and
• a d a Be ing Sea Ecosys em Resea ch
Plan based on p e ious planning epo s
(See Table; h p://www.pmel.noaa.go /
be ing/), ecommending esea ch on
1) impac s o human ac i i ies on
ecosys em heal h, p oduc ion, and
composi ion; and 2) e ec s o clima e
on indi idual species and p oduc i i y
o he Be ing Sea.
A June 1998 wo kshop in Ancho age,
Alaska ga he ed eedback on he d a
plan; a e ised d a will be a ailable soon.
The plan ul ima ely will guide esea ch
e o s o be unde aken h ough he
No h Paci ic Resea ch Boa d, ecen ly
c ea ed by ede al legisla ion. Con ac Pa
Li ings on a he Alaska Fishe ies Science
Cen e in Sea le, WA (206/526-4242; ax
206/526-6723; [email p o ec ed]).
Science News
The Be ing Sea is one o he iches
ma ine ecosys ems in he U.S. In he
las decade, a leas en agencies and
ins i u ions ha e exp essed conce n abou
en i onmen al changes obse ed in he
Be ing Sea and ha e de eloped science
plans add essing di e se ques ions abou
he egion (see Table;Wi ness Sp ing and
Au umn 1997, Au umn 1996). Acco ding
o he 1996 Na ional Resea ch Council
epo on he Be ing Sea ecosys em, he
combined e ec s o a iabili y in clima e
o cing, s uc u e and unc ion o ood
webs, comme cial ha es le els, and o he
an h opogenic dis u bances a e causing
changes in he ecosys em.
Unde s anding he complex
biophysical sys em in e ac ions ha
s uc u e he ecosys em, including di ec
and indi ec e ec s o ishe y emo als, is
c i ical o de e mining and moni o ing i s
heal h. This unde s anding can help
mi iga e human-induced changes and aid
in designing managemen s a egies
Be ing Sea Ecosys em Resea ch Unde way
inco po a ing na u al a iabili y.
Resea ch coo dina ion and da a sha ing
among he o ganiza ions ha s udy and
u ilize esou ces o he Be ing Sea a e
c i ical o his p ocess. To his end, a
scien i ic wo kshop on he Be ing Sea
ecosys em, sponso ed by he Na ional
Oceanic and A mosphe ic Adminis a ion
(NOAA), U.S. Depa men o he
In e io , and he Alaska Depa men o
Fish and Game, was held 4-5 Decembe
1997 in Ancho age, Alaska. Wo kshop
ecommenda ions included:
• con inue building a Be ing Sea
me ada abase (see Wi ness Au umn
1997; h p://www.pmel.noaa.go /
be ing/mdb/); and
• iden i y mechanisms o Alaskan Na i es
and coas al communi ies o commun-
ica e adi ional and local knowledge
and o pa icipa e in esea ch.
Ini ial esul s include:
• a dedica ed Web si e a NOAA’s Paci ic
Ma ine En i onmen al Labo a o y o
o Ehc aeseRe i a epooC sucoFhc aeseR su a SgnidnuFdnas cudo P
-ICOF(snoi agi se nIde anid ooCyhpa gonaecO-sei ehsiF )AAON sei ehsi laic emmocgni ce as o ca lacigoloibdnalacisyhP nisei ehsi laic emmocno1991ecnisdednu hc aeseR .s e awnaksalA
hc aeseRaksalA–ma go Phc aeseReni aMlanoigeRaksalA )PRA–PRMRA(nalP os ce e–h laehme sysocednay ilauq e awgnid auge aS s o ca namuhdnala u an nalPecneicS3991
aeSgni eB–)APMM( cAnoi ce o PslammaMeni aM nalPydu Sme sysocE me sysoceaeSgni eBeh oy iliba sdnah laeheh o inoM sisahpmed ibaesdnalammameni amh iw nalPecneicS5991
de anid ooCyhpa gonaecOdna,lammaMeni aM,d ibaeS ,SWFSUyb o ee i a epooC.)ICOMMS(snoi agi se nI .FAUdna,SGSU,SFMN
nisnoilaes elle Sdnasd ibaes o a ibahgniga o ezi e ca ahC esnopse eh dna s ednuo aeSgni eBdnaaksalA o luGeh esabye pnisnoi au cul o s o ade ple elpo o
gni bs o agi se nI.5991nide celloca ady animile P .snoi azinag oe i cepse ieh mo sec uose
aeSgni eBeh no opeRlicnuoChc aeseRlanoi aN me sysocE egnahcdecudni-namuhdnae amilc–scimanydme sysocE .hc aese dnu onseodma go P. opeR6991
gni eB)SECIP(noi azinag OecneicSeni aMci icaPh oN gniy aCdnaegnahCe amilCdnapuo Ggnik oWaeS ma go Py icapaC
sme sysocenognihsi dnay ilibai a e amilc os ce E snalPecneicS7991,6991
)AAON-CCSBES(y icapaCgniy aCaeSgni eB saeh uoS cejo P me sysocecigalepnoy ilibai a e amilc os ce E de cepxesd awaIIesahP.89-6991dednu s cejo p51 .2002ni uoesahplliw cejo P.8991 ebo cO
)CEBOLG(scimanyDme sysocElabolG.S.U slaminaeni amnoy ilibai a e amilc os ce E nalPecneicS6991
ednu)PAMA(ma go P nemssessAdnagni o inoMci c A yge a Snoi ce o Pla nemno i nEci c Aeh s na ullop os ce edna nuomA .hc aese dnu onseodma go P. opeR7991
)AAON-IRA(e i ai inIhc aeseRci c A ,s upni nanima nocdname sysoceeh oy ilibai a la u aN s ce edna,e a e u uF.8991nidednu 32;7991nidednu s cejo p51 .nia ecnugnidnu
)SISEB(ydu S capmIaeSgni eB cihpo llao e amilcmo –egnahclabolg os capmilanoigeR sle el .hc aese dnu onseodma go P. opeR8991
-PMESB( cejo P nemeganaMme sysocEaeSgni eB )AAON esoh gnomanoi acinummocdnanoi anid oocesae cnI nemeganamdnahc aese me sysoceaeSgni eBnide se e ni .99YF o de apici nagnidnu emoS. opeR a D
19
Science News
Nume ous scien is s and educa o s
con ibu ed o a s a emen o
oppo uni ies now being p epa ed o
he NSF A c ic Social Sciences P og am
(ASSP). ASSP encompasses all social
sciences suppo ed by NSF, including
an h opology, a cheology, economics,
geog aphy, linguis ics, poli ical science,
sociology, and ela ed subjec s. While
p oposals in any o hese ields a e
welcome, a c ic social scien is s ha e
iden i ied esea ch a eas o pa icula
in e es . Unde cu en p og am
guidelines, a eas o pa icula in e es
include:
• apid social change,
• communi y iabili y, and
• human/en i onmen in e ac ions.
These h ee a eas we e iden i ied in he
1989 epo , A c ic Social Science: Agenda
o Ac ion, as p io i ies o all ede al
agencies ep esen ed on he In e agency
Oppo uni ies in A c ic Social Sciences
A c ic Resea ch Policy Commi ee (see
Wi ness Au umn 1996).
The new s a emen o oppo uni ies,
di ec ed speci ically owa d ASSP, builds
upon he 1989 epo and inco po a es
pos -Cold Wa de elopmen s in he
A c ic. The documen d aws upon he
esea ch ha has been suppo ed by ASSP,
con ibu ions o a c ic social scien is s who
me in Sea le, Washing on, in Oc obe
1997 (see Wi ness Au umn 1997), and he
many esea che s and ep esen a i es o
a c ic indigenous peoples who commen ed
on he i s d a . These ecommenda ions
expand he o iginal esea ch a eas in o i e
opics:
• cul u e and en i onmen ,
• esou ces and economic change,
• de elopmen o social and poli ical
ins i u ions,
• e hnic and egional iden i ies, and
• knowledge sys ems.
A c ic Social Sciences Con e ence—ICASS III
The s a emen encou ages
in e disciplina y, in e na ional, and
communi y pa ne ships and o e s use ul
guidelines while e aining he lexibili y
and c ea i i y cha ac e is ic o ASSP. The
inal e sion is expec ed o be published
his all and will be a ailable on he
ARCUS Web si e (h p://www.a cus.o g/
a csocsci/) as well as in published o m.
In he mean ime, p ospec i e
applican s may consul he cu en ASSP
p og am announcemen on he NSF Web
si e (h p://www.ns .go /od/opp/a c ic/
s a .h m). The A c ic Social Sciences
P og am welcomes small, single-
in es iga o p oposals, disse a ion-
imp o emen p oposals, as well as mul i-
ins i u ion, mul i-in es iga o p ojec s.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac
P og am Manage Fae Ko smo in
A ling on, VA (703/306-1029; ax 703/
306-0648; [email p o ec ed]).
Social scien is s om h oughou he
ci cumpola No h pa icipa ed in
he 3 d In e na ional Cong ess o A c ic
Social Sciences (ICASS III) in May 1998,
in Copenhagen, Denma k. ICASS III
is sponso ed by he In e na ional A c ic
Social Sciences Associa ion (IASSA),
which was o med in 1990 o ep esen
a c ic social scien is s in in e na ional
con ex s and o p o ide a ne wo k o
social scien is s wo king and/o li ing
in he No h.
Keyno e p esen a ions a he ICASS
III mee ing Changes in he Ci cumpola
No h: Cul u e, E hics, and Sel -
De e mina ion we e made by Ca ol
Geddes (Canada) and Susanne Dybb oe
(Denma k) on he opic o indigenous
and local knowledge; Aqqaluk Pe e sen
(G eenland) and Eldon Yellowho n
(Canada) on social iabili y and cul u al
con inui y; and Nils Oskal (Saami/
No way) and Nikolai Vakh in (Russian
Fede a ion) on poli ical dynamics,
go e nance, and sel -de e mina ion.
Con e ence sessions included he
opics o a c ic economies, li ing
condi ions in he No h, o al his o y and
cul u al e i al, globaliza ion and he
No h, indigenous peoples and ecosys em
managemen , educa ion and social change,
apid social and cul u al change, land
igh s and sel -go e nmen in he Russian
No h, sus ainable de elopmen , and
esea ch e hics.
The IASSA Gene al Assembly me
du ing he con e ence and o mally
adop ed a se o e hical guidelines o
esea ch in he A c ic ha will be
o wa ded o he In e na ional A c ic
Science Commi ee (IASC), indigenous
peoples o ganiza ions, and p o essional
associa ions. IASSA’s con inuing goal is
o p omo e he conduc o esea ch in
he No h ha is in acco dance wi h
he highes s anda ds o p o essional
esponsibili y and accoun abili y.
IASSA membe s elec ed a new se en-
membe go e ning council, which chose
P o esso Ge a d Duhaime (Uni e si é
La al/Canada) as he o ganiza ion’s new
chai . O he council membe s a e: Noel
B oadben (USA/Sweden), Osca
Kawagley (USA), Ludge Mulle -Wille
(Canada), Ma i My oll (No way), F ank
Seje sen (Denma k), and Nikolai Vakh in
(Russian Fede a ion). Ex-o icio membe s
o he council a e Jens Dahl, IASSA’s
p e ious chai , and Mu ielle Nagy
(Canada), IASSA’s new sec e a y.
IASSA ag eed o mo e i s sec e a ia
om he Uni e si y o Copenhagen o
Uni e si é La al in Quebec, Canada.
ICASS IV will be held in 2001 in Quebec.
The Sec e a ia ’s new add ess is: IASSA
c/o GETIC, Pa illon E ns -Lemieux,
Uni e si é La al, Quebec, G1K 7P4,
Canada (418/656-7596; ax 418/656-
3023; [email p o ec ed]).
Following ICASS III, a numbe o
social scien is s pa icipa ed in an IASC
wo king g oup on Rapid Cul u al and
Social Change in he Ci cumpola No h.
The pu pose o his g oup is o acili a e
in e na ional compa a i e and in e -
disciplina y esea ch in he social sciences
wi hin he IASC esea ch p og am.
Fo mo e in o ma ion abou his e o ,
con ac Ludge Mulle -Wille in Mon eal,
PQ, Canada (514/398-4960; ax 514/398-
7437; [email p o ec ed]).
20
Resea ch-educa ion pa ne ships in
pola science educa ion mus se e
s uden s li ing in he A c ic—and hose
who li e a om he A c ic. Mos
s uden s and membe s o he public
ou side he A c ic ha e a limi ed and o en
inaccu a e unde s anding o he egion
and i s peoples. Young a c ic esiden s
may eel emo e om mode n scien i ic
esea che s, e en hough hey inhabi an
unde -in es iga ed egion ha a ac s
alen ed esea che s who a e an alized by
impo an ques ions.
Scien is s, educa o s, and ela ed
p o essionals me in Ap il 1997 in New
O leans, Louisiana, o add ess he alue
and po en ial o esea ch-educa ion
pa ne ships in pola science educa ion.
The epo de eloped on he basis o ha
wo kshop, Building Pa ne ships in Pola
Resea ch and Educa ion, endo ses he
in oduc ion o pola science cu icula
in o K-12 class ooms wi hin and beyond
he A c ic, and s a es ha such cu icula
mus e lec :
• he cons uc i e use o eme ging
communica ion echnologies,
Alaska. Rep esen a i es om ins i u ions
including he Uni e si y o Kansas,
Uni e si y o Cali o nia-I ine, Bu eau o
Land Managemen , ARCUS, and UAF
pa icipa ed in e iewing he 1997 ield
season and making ecommenda ions
o 1998.
The S ee ing Commi ee eques ed
ha ARCUS su ey he a c ic esea ch
communi y abou u u e uses o he
s a ion, pa icula ly o assess suppo o
a c ic science educa ion p og ams based
he e. ARCUS dis ibu ed he su ey in
Ma ch 1998; many esponden s exp essed
s ong in e es in he p oposed educa ion
p og ams.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he TFS
Web si e (h p://www.ua bio.alaska.edu/
oolik/ oolik.h ml), o con ac Michael
Abels in Fai banks, AK (907/474-5063;
ax 907/474-5513; [email p o ec ed]).
Science News
NSF is unding he Ins i u e o A c ic
Biology (IAB) a he Uni e si y o
Alaska Fai banks (UAF) o suppo he
design and cons uc ion o a win e
esidence acili y o he Toolik Field
S a ion (TFS). The win e esidence will
complemen he win e -use lab, unded
by he O ice o Pola P og ams, which
became ope a ional in 1994 and will allow
esea che s o access he s a ion’s ield si es
du ing he a c ic win e . Design o he
win e esidence acili y has been
comple ed, and cons uc ion is expec ed
o be inished his summe .
Du ing he pas wo ield seasons,
upg ades a he ield s a ion ha e included:
• a 12’ x 60’ mee ing oom/lib a y;
• s udies o elec ical, wa e , was e wa e ,
and d ainage needs;
• a si e su ey and mapping o
planning pu poses;
• a d ainage p ojec ha upg aded he
s a ion oad, ins alled 24-inch g a el
pads unde labo a o ies and he
p oposed win e acili ies;
• an an enna mas o suppo wo new
phone lines; and
• pu chase o chai s o he new
labo a o ies and mee ing oom.
Du ing he 1997 ield season, he
s a ion p o ided accommoda ions o
216 science p ojec membe s who s ayed
3,974 days. Use s and s a we e in
esidence 1 May-9 Sep embe 1997.
The s a ion p o ided logis ic suppo o
31 unded p ojec s, ou a is s/w i e s-in-
esidence, and he 11 h In e na ional
No he n Resea ch Basins Symposium
and Wo kshop.
The TFS S ee ing Commi ee and
Science Use s G oup held i s annual
mee ing in Decembe 1997 in Fai banks,
Toolik Field S a ion Expands o Yea -Round Capabili ies
Educa ion News
A c ic Science Has Rich Oppo uni ies o Engage S uden s
• con ibu ions o local indigenous
peoples o science, and
• collabo a ion o esea che s wi h
educa o s.
The epo add esses h ee main opics:
Media-based a c ic science educa ion—
Pa icipan s s ongly ecommended
de elopmen o a media-o ien ed
educa ion p og am o ocus he a en ion
o educa o s and he public on esea ch in
he A c ic. Pa icipan s also ecommended
de elopmen o a longe e m educa ional
p og am ha would ea u e cu icula on
he Web (e.g., i ual a c ic ield ips) and
s uc u ed class oom p ojec s wi h
men o s o guides om he a c ic
communi y.
Cu iculum de elopmen —Pa icipan s
ag eed on he need o a b oad-based
educa ional e o o in oduce pola
esea ch in o K-12 cu icula. Whe e e
possible, he lea ning p og ams should
include hands-on esea ch expe ience o
s uden s and eache s. Because o he
geog aphic challenges posed by he pola
egions, he use o in o ma ion echnology
(e.g., he In e ne , CD-ROMs) is key o
quick in o ma ion access and a sense o
he dynamic na u e o science.
Supplemen s o cu icula could include
access o cu en esea ch da a, online
men o ing, and a sys em o ma ching
esea che s and eache s o collabo a ion.
Pa ne ships in esea ch and educa ion—
Pa icipan s o med pa ne ships o plan
speci ic in e disciplina y esea ch-
educa ion p ojec s. Wo k on he p ojec s
syn hesized di e se expe ise and
de eloped connec ions among academic,
agency, a c ic communi y, and educa ion
pa icipan s. Se e al p ojec s planned a
he wo kshop ha e been implemen ed and
show p omising ea ly esul s.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac
wo kshop co-chai s Pe e Somme ille in
Ch is chu ch, New Zealand (+64/3 358
4450, ax +64/3 358 4480;
[email p o ec ed]) and Elena
Spa ow in Fai banks, AK (907/474-7699;
ax 907/474-6184; [email p o ec ed]). Fo a
copy o Building Pa ne ships in Pola
Resea ch and Educa ion, con ac ARCUS
o check he ARCUS Web si e o a
downloadable PDF ile.
21
Educa ion News
Cu iculum Resou ces on he In e ne
Indigenous cu iculum esou ces a e now a ailable in he Cul u ally-Based
Cu iculum Resou ces da abase main ained a he Alaska Na i e Knowledge
Ne wo k (ANKN) Web si e (h p://www.ankn.ua .edu/).
Ma e ials in he da abase illus a e ways in which indigenous and Wes e n
knowledge sys ems can be applied in schools h ough a balanced, comp ehensi e,
and cul u ally aligned amewo k adap able o local ci cums ances. The esou ces
will help eache s and s uden s connec he knowledge, skills, and wayso knowing
necessa y o a illage li elihood wi h hose e lec ed in he schoolcu iculum.
The da abase is a p ojec o he Alaska Ru al Sys emic Ini ia i e (AKRSI),
ANKN, and ARCUS o imp o e access o locally p oduced cu iculum esou ces
o u al schools in Alaska (see Wi ness Au umn 1997).
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac Sean Topkok, Indigenous Cu iculum Specialis ,
in Fai banks, AK (907/474-5897; ax 907/474-5615; [email p o ec ed]).
Fou high school science eache s om
ac oss he U.S. will join a c ic esea ch
p ojec s du ing he 1998 ield season.
They a e sponso ed by NSF’s Teache s
Expe iencing he A c ic and An a c ic
(TEA) p og am, which has been placing
eache s, eamed wi h one o wo high
school s uden s, wi h esea ch eams in he
A c ic since 1996. TEAn a c ic has been
sending eache s o An a c ica since 1992.
TEA is join ly unded by he O ice o
Pola P og ams and he Educa ion and
Human Resou ces Di ec o a e.
The goals o he TEA p og am include:
• imme sing eache s in a esea ch
expe ience as a componen o hei
con inuing p o essional de elopmen ;
• in using pola esea ch expe iences in o
class ooms in ich, engaging, and
inno a i e ways ha unde sco e he
ele ance o science and he scien i ic
p ocess o socie y and indi iduals; and
• es ablishing collabo a ions among
eache s, s uden s, school dis ic s,
esea che s, and he communi y o
build on he TEA expe ience.
Each o he ou eache s will join one
o he ollowing p ojec s his summe :
• Collec ing and analyzing wa e and ice
samples on an a c ic c uise wi h Cold
Regions Resea ch and Enginee ing
Labo a o y (CRREL) scien is s;
• Assis ing esea che s om Ukpeag ik
Inupia Co po a ion wi h an a cheo-
logical dig o an Ipiu ak cul u e si e in
he no hwes Alaska illage o Dee ing;
• Valida ing measu es o oil
con amina ion in o e s wi h
in es iga o s om he Uni e si y o
Alaska a he new SeaLi e Cen e in
Sewa d, Alaska, o be e unde s and
he e ec s o oil spills on animals; and
• Mapping he dep h o he soil ac i e
laye on he No h Slope o Alaska
wi h scien is s om he Uni e si y o
Delawa e, as a con ibu ion o es ima es
o ca bon lux in esponse o clima e
change in he egion.
F om hei ield si es, TEA eache s
pos daily jou nals and answe ques ions
on a Web si e; a e he ield season, hey
sha e hei expe ience wi h o he eache s,
s uden s, and hei communi y. In
pa icula , hey de elop ela ed class oom
Science Teache s Gain A c ic Resea ch Expe ience
ma e ials and men o wo science eache s
o 100 hou s each o e a h ee-yea
pe iod. The eache s may also con inue o
collabo a e wi h he ield esea ch eam.
In Ba ow, Alaska, a TEA esea ch
expe ience has al eady signi ican ly
en iched he science cu iculum. Tim
Buckley, a science eache a Ba ow High
School, wo ked wi h CRREL scien is s on
a esea ch c uise in he A c ic Ocean in
he summe o 1996 (see Wi ness Au umn
1996). He lea ned how o collec ice and
wa e samples and how o analyze hem
o s uc u al ea u es, pH, chlo ophyll
con en , and conduc i i y. Buckley and
his s uden s now collec ice co es in he
win e o CRREL esea che s who had
lacked such samples. Some analysis o he
win e co es is done by he s uden s in
Ba ow; some is done a CRREL. Bo h
esea ch and educa ion bene i om
his pa ne ship.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, con ac Wayne
Sukow a NSF (703/306-1613; ax 703/
306-0412; [email p o ec ed]), see he TEA
Web si e (h p://www.glacie . ice.edu/
chap e s/ ea/ ea_in oduc ion.h ml),
o con ac ARCUS.
Qaiyaan Opie, A aiyak Panigeo, and Wayne Danjin, s uden s a Ba ow High School in Ba ow, Alaska, d ill an ice
co e om Elson Lagoon o a win e sample (pho o by Tim Buckley).

22
Museums Can Be Educa ional Ca alys s in he A c ic
by I. Michael Heyman
A c ic Pe spec i es
Museums con ibu e o esea ch and
educa ion in all disciplines by
p o ec ing and displaying easu es o
na u e and o humankind. They
illumina e o ces ha gene a e, shape, and
sus ain na u al and cul u al di e si y.
A c ic collec ions may be pa icula ly
impo an in esea ch and educa ion
because o he A c ic’s as size, ela i e
inaccessibili y, geog aphic complexi y, and
cul u al i ali y. No e e yone who is
in e es ed in he A c ic can isi he
egion; mos o he gene al public lea ns
abou he A c ic om museum
exhibi ions, and esea che s ely on
collec ions o many pu poses.
The p e-eminen a c ic collec ion in an
Ame ican museum is a he Smi hsonian’s
Na ional Museum o Na u al His o y
(NMNH). Mo e han a cen u y o ca e ul
collec ing and esea ch by scien is s has
esul ed in an unsu passed eposi o y o
na u al and cul u al objec s. Today, he
Smi hsonian’s ole in Alaska and
h oughou he No h is aking a dynamic
u n, mo ing apidly beyond an ea lie
manda e as collec o , eposi o y, and
in e p e e o a c ic science and cul u e
in o an e a o ac i e in o ma ion exchange
and pa ne ship in esea ch and educa ion.
None o his would ha e been possible
wi hou he collec ions ha had been
ga he ed by scien is s who wo ked almos
con inuously in he No h e e since
Spence Bai d, he second Sec e a y o
he Smi hsonian, sen na u alis Robe
Kennico o collec om he Mackenzie
Dis ic in 1858. Kennico ’s explo a ions
in Alaska and he pu chase o Alaska om
Russia in 1867 se he s age o a massi e
d i e o documen he na u al his o y and
cul u es o his e a incogni a. Bai d’s goal
was o conduc he i s comple e scien i ic
in en o y o an ex ensi e, p is ine na u al
egion anywhe e in he wo ld. In he
decades ha ollowed, he Smi hsonian
dedica ed subs an ial esou ces o ga he
ca e ully documen ed collec ions, publish
epo s, in e p e he inds, and p ese e
he collec ions.
In he 1980s, cu a o s in he
An h opology Depa men moun ed
a majo e o o e eal he Alaska Na i e
e hnog aphic collec ions ha had been
unde w aps, li e ally in he a ic, o mo e
han 100 yea s. Bill Fi zhugh and his
colleagues a he NMNH ha e assembled
g oundb eaking schola ly exhibi ions such
as Inua: Spi i Wo ld o he Be ing Sea
Eskimo and he join Russian-Ame ican
show C oss oads o Con inen s: Cul u es o
Sibe ia and Alaska. Bo h ou ed na ionally.
Fi zhugh and his colleagues ha e o ganized
smalle e sions o hese shows ha could
ou locally o owns and illages
h oughou Alaska, Canada, and Eu ope;
ecen ly C oss oads Sibe ia became he i s
Ame ican exhibi e e o a el in he
Russian Fa Eas .
Wi h help om my p edecesso
Bob Adams and hen Di ec o o NMNH
F ank Talbo , he Museum s a o ganized
he A c ic S udies Cen e (ASC) in 1988,
secu ed Cong essional unding, and began
pa icipa ing in he In e agency A c ic
Resea ch Policy Commi ee (see Wi ness
Au umn 1996) and o he na ional and
in e na ional bodies. The ASC is now
a small bu ac i e uni o he NMNH
(see Membe Inse ), which has ensu ed
ha esea ch and educa ion p og ams
conce ning Alaskan Na i e issues a e high
on he p io i y lis o he Museum and
he Smi hsonian. The Cen e ’s media
p og ams ha e b ough i s ac i i ies o
b oad audiences, and i s p ize-winning
In e ne p esen a ions ha e pionee ed new
me hods o each as audiences, especially
in he No h. Mos ecen ly, he Cen e
pa icipa ed wi h ou Na ional Museum o
Ame ican His o y in moun ing Oil om
he A c ic, a celeb a ion o he 20 h
anni e sa y o he T ans-Alaska Pipeline.
In 1994, he NMNH began a new
phase o i s ou each o Alaska by en e ing
in o ag eemen wi h he Ancho age
Museum o A and His o y and he Ci y
o Ancho age o open a egional ASC
o ice in Ancho age. This alliance has
b ough a Smi hsonian p esence and
some o he beau i ul objec s o Na i e
he i age back o Alaska. Ha ing nea ly
comple ed he i s i e yea s wi h able
di ec ion om A on C owell, we a e now
de eloping a longe e m ision. Bob F i,
Di ec o o NMNH, and Pa Wol ,
Di ec o o he Ancho age Museum,
ha e been wo king wi h Fi zhugh,
C owell, S ephen Lo ing, Igo K upnik,
and o he s a he ASC o p oduce an
exci ing new long- ange plan ha will
build a conc e e new ision o
Smi hsonian-Alaskan pa ne ships.
The Ancho age o ice o he ASC
o e s he Smi hsonian’s educa ional
esou ces and p og ams o a c ic
communi ies. Fo example, as ou ism
g ows in he No h, mo e museums and
cul u al cen e s a e opening, needing
ained s a . ASC/Ancho age has sha ed
he Smi hsonian’s expe ise wi h hese
de eloping museums h ough a se ies o
museum- aining semina s. The ASC will
also ac as a link be ween eache s in
no he n communi ies and he
Smi hsonian’s ou s anding educa ion
p og ams, including lesson plans, esou ce
guides, and pa ne ship and ou each
se ices. Na i e cul u al and his o ic
ma e ial a e p ominen in many o hese
educa ion p og ams.
By using he new ools o he
in o ma ion age and by physically
eaching ou o i s Alaskan cons i uen s,
he Smi hsonian has begun o ul ill i s
con empo a y in en ion o cul i a e a
ui ul wo-way ela ionship wi h a c ic
peoples. The Ins i u ion’s eposi o y o
a c ic easu es is becoming mo e
accessible o i s sou ces, con ibu ing o
a c ic esea ch endea o s, and educa ing
no he n ci izens.
I. Michael Heyman has been Sec e a y
o heSmi hsonian Ins i u ion since 1994.
He is Chancello and P o esso Eme i us
a he Uni e si y o Cali o nia, Be keley.
In he1970s, he wo ked as a lawye on
he nego ia ions ha led o he de elopmen
o he T ans-Alaska Pipeline.
Illus a ion: I o y ca ing o he powe ul Sea Spi i
Sedna who con ols he whe eabou s o animal souls
(A is : Susie Silook; pho og aph cou esy o he A c ic
S udies Cen e , Na ional Museum o Na u al His o y,
Smi hsonian Ins i u ion).
23
A c ic En i onmen al P o ec ion S a egy (AEPS): P ocess and O ganisa ion, 1991-1997:
An Assessmen . No wegian Pola Ins i u e (+47/22 95 95 00; ax +47/22 95 95 01;
[email p o ec ed]).
Ci cum-A c ic Map o Pe ma os and G ound Ice Condi ions. (1:10,000,000)
U.S. Geological Su ey Ci cum-Paci ic Map Se ies CP-45. 40” x 58”. $4.00 plus
$3.50 handling (800/USA-MAPS).
G eenlande s, Whales, and Whaling: Sus ainabili y and Sel -De e mina ion in he A c ic.
Richa d A. Caul ield. 1997. Uni e si y P ess o New England. Hano e , NH. 224 p.
(800/421-1561; ax 603/643-1540; h p://www.da mou h.edu/acad-ins /upne/).
Voices om he Bay: T adi ional Ecological Knowledge o Inui and C ee in he Hudson Bay
Bio egion. 1997. Canadian A c ic Resou ces Commi ee. O awa, On a io. 98p. (613/
241-7379; ax 613/241-2244; [email p o ec ed]).
ARCUS
600 Uni e si y A enue, Sui e 1
Fai banks, Alaska 99709 USA
Phone: 907/474-1600
Fax: 907/474-1604
[email p o ec ed]
h p://www.a cus.o g
Execu i e Di ec o
Wendy K. Wa nick
ARCUS is a nonp o i o ganiza ion
consis ing o ins i u ions o ganized
and ope a ed o educa ional,
p o essional, o scien i ic pu poses.
ARCUS was es ablished by i s
membe ins i u ions in 1988 wi h
he p ima y mission o s eng hening
A c ic esea ch o mee na ional needs.
ARCUS ac i i ies a e unded h ough
a coope a i e ag eemen wi h NSF;
by DOE, AFN; and by membe dues.
Wi ness he A c ic is published
biannually by ARCUS. Any opinions,
indings, conclusions, o ecommen-
da ions exp essed in his publica ion
do no necessa ily e lec he iews o
NSF. Submi ideas o he Fall
1998 newsle e by 1 Sep embe 1998.
Con ibu o s: K. Aagaa d, M. Abels,
V. Alexande , P.A.Ande son, P.M.Ande son,
G. B ass, L.B igham, R. Caul ield,
L. Codispo i, M.C oss, C. El ing,
W. Fi zhugh, S.Fo man, J. G ebmeie ,
G. Hen y, M.Heyman, B. H ycyk, K. Hughen,
A. Johnson, L. Johnson, F.Ko smo, J. K use,
P. Li ings on, S. Lo ing, C. Lo e , K. Ma sella,
M. Ledbe e , W. Maslowski, C.McNea e,
J. Mo ison, R. Mo i z, C.Paulson, T. Pyle,
M. Re elle, O. Rogne, S.Silook, J. Swi ,
G. Tappe , S.Topkok, W. Tucke ,
M. Twickle , T. Villinge , M. Walke ,
P. Webbe , G. Welle , G. Zielinski.
Managing Edi o : Wendy Wa nick
Edi o /Designe : Ma y Peale
P oduc ion Edi o s: Michael Sha p,
Anne Sudkamp, Alison Yo k
Copy Edi o : Diane Wallace
wi .ness (wi nis) n. 1.a. One who has hea d
o seen some hing. b. One who u nishes
e idence. 2. Any hing ha se es as
e idence; a sign. 3. An a es a ion o a ac ,
s a emen , o e en . —- . . 1. To be
p esen a o ha e pe sonal knowledge o .
2. To p o ide o se e as e idence o . 3. To
es i y o; bea wi ness. —-in . To u nish
o se e as e idence; es i y. [Middle English
wi nes(se), Old English wi nes, wi ness,
knowledge, om wi , knowledge, wi .]
Augus 3-4, 1998 The A c ic Buoy P og am. Sea le, WA. Con ac To dis Villinge a
he A c ic Clima e Sys em S udy (ACSYS) P og am O ice in Oslo, No way (+47/22 95
95 73; ax +47/22 95 96 01; [email p o ec ed]; h p://www.npola .no/acsys/sea le98/
index.h m).
Augus 5-6, 1998 Sea Ice Cha s o he A c ic. Sea le, WA. Con ac To dis Villinge a
he A c ic Clima e Sys em S udy (ACSYS) P og am O ice in Oslo, No way (+47/22 95
95 73; ax +47/22 95 96 01; [email p o ec ed]; h p://www.npola .no/acsys/sea le98/
index.h m).
Augus 17-20, 1998 Second In e na ional Con e ence on Clima e and Wa e . Espoo,
Finland. Con ac Ris o Lemmelä in Tuusula, Finland (+358/92 75 38 35; ax +358/94
51 38 27; [email p o ec ed]; h p://ah i.hu . i/w /caw2/).
Augus 24-28, 1998 Pola Aspec s o Global Change. In e na ional symposium and ield
ip o S alba d. T omsø, No way. Con ac he In e na ional Symposium on Pola
Aspec s o Global Change, c/o No sk Pola ins i u in T omsø (+47/77 60 67 00; ax
+47/77 60 67 01; [email p o ec ed]; h p://www. omso.npola .no/pola aspec s).
Sep embe 20-25, 1998 The 17 h Pola Lib a ies Colloquy. Reykja ik, Iceland. Con ac
Palina Hedinsdo i , Icelandic Ins i u e o Na u al His o y (+354/5629822; ax +354/
5620815; [email p o ec ed]; h p://www.ha o.is/ha o/Join /con .h ml).
Sep embe 23-26, 1998 In e na ional Wo kshop on En i onmen al and Clima ic
Va ia ions and hei Impac in he No h A lan ic Region. Reykja ík, Iceland. Con ac
Hjö dís Hend iksdó i a he Icelandic Resea ch Council (+354/5621230; ax +354/
5529814; [email p o ec ed]; h p://www. annis.is/english/news-ad /wo kshop/index.h ml).
Oc obe 5-7, 1998 Remo e Sensing o Ma ine and Coas al En i onmen s. Fi h
In e na ional Con e ence. San Diego, CA. Con ac ERIM In e na ional (313/994-1200;
ax 313/994-5123; [email p o ec ed]; h p://www.e im-in .com/CONF/ma ine/
MARINE.h ml).
Oc obe 6-8, 1998 SCICEX 2000: A Wo kshop o Plan o Subma ine-based A c ic
Science. Wa en on, VA. Con ac D ew Ro h ock in Sea le, WA (206/685-2262; ax
206/543-3521; [email p o ec ed]) o Wieslaw Maslowski a he Na al
Pos g adua e School (408/656-3162; ax 408/656-2712; [email p o ec ed];
h p://psc.apl.washing on.edu/scicex/scicex2000.h ml).
Oc obe 25-28, 1998 In e na ional Coope a ion in A c ic Resea ch: De ec ing Global
Change and i s Impac s in he Wes e n A c ic. 49 h A c ic Di ision Science Con e ence,
Ame ican Associa ion o he Ad ancemen o Science. Fai banks, AK. Con ac Syun
Akaso u a he Uni e si y o Alaska Fai banks (907/474-7282; ax 907/474-5882;
[email p o ec ed]; h p://www.gi.alaska.edu/).
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he Calenda on he ARCUS Web si e (h p://www.a cus.o g/).
Publica ions Calenda
Publica ions
24
Mos o ou ime a ARCUS is spen
wo king wi h he a c ic esea ch
communi y o en ision and implemen ;
he e is li le ime o in ospec ion. While
wo king on his issue o Wi ness, howe e ,
I saw many e e ences o he alue o
eamwo k, which led me o hink back on
he en issues o Wi ness ha we ha e
p oduced, ou pa ne ship wi h he a c ic
esea ch communi y, and wha we ha e
all accomplished.
Summe is busy in he A c ic, as
plan s, animals, scien is s, ou is s, and
builde s y o squeeze he maximum
amoun o p oduc i i y in o an all oo
b ie season. Many a c ic esea che s a e
in he ield now wo king wi h eams o
s uden s and colleagues. A c ic ield
esea ch emains compelling, in spi e o
he equen ly igo ous condi ions,
because o oppo uni ies o ad ancing
knowledge, collabo a ing wi h colleagues,
educa ing s uden s, as well as lea ning
abou an amazing en i onmen .
Se e al lessons can be d awn om
hese a c ic ield expe iences, especially
abou he impo ance o planning and
coope a ion du ing wha may be di icul
imes. The a i ude o he eam leade is
i al o main ain g oup cohesion in he
A No e om he Execu i e Di ec o
Non-P o i O g.
U.S. Pos age
PAID
Pe mi No. 99
Fai banks, AK
P in ed on Recycled Pape
A c ic
Resea ch
Conso ium
o he
Uni ed S a es
600 Uni e si y
A enue,
Sui e 1
Fai banks, AK
99709
USA
Inside
Fea u e 1
ARCSS P og am Upda es 4
NSF News 9
Capi ol Upda es 10
A c ic Policy News 11
U.S. A c ic Resea ch Commission12
Pola Resea ch Boa d 12
Science News 13
Educa ion News 20
A c ic Pe spec i es 22
Calenda & Publica ions 23
ace o ad e si y. The suppo ing logis ical
in as uc u e is c ucial o p o ec he
g oup’s sa e y and ge he wo k done.
Keeping an eye on he long e m—
emembe ing ha ups and downs a e
ine i able—will main ain sani y.
E iciency o e o ma e s. Planning
ahead is always a good idea. Vision and
leade ship a e c i ical, as a e pe sis ence,
c ea i i y, and plain ha d wo k.
These lessons apply as well o he
diligence o he a c ic esea ch communi y
in science planning. I look back o ou
i s issue o Wi ness, published in Win e
1992, and no e se e al hings: he ARCSS
P og am was in i s in ancy, NSF did no
ye ha e a dedica ed A c ic Sciences
Sec ion, many b oad a c ic logis ics needs
we e unme , he A c ic En i onmen al
P o ec ion S a egy had only ecen ly
been o mula ed. Conside able p og ess
has been made in all o hese a eas in six
yea s because o he coope a ion o many
people, who con ibu ed o join planning
en e p ises on op o he demands o hei
indi idual esea ch p og ams.
The a c ic esea ch communi y has
pe se e ed h ough i s sha e o di icul
imes and con inued o p opose and
de elop exci ing and impo an esea ch
ini ia i es and logis ics in es men s.
Much o his esea ch is now p oducing
compelling esul s, and he logis ics needs
a e ecei ing dese ed a en ion. These
successes a e due o ha d wo k by his
ac i e communi y, igo ous and i al
esea ch e o s, and he ac ha we ha e
coope a ed e ec i ely on issues ha a ec
he communi y as a whole. In he
demanding wo ld o a c ic esea ch,
uni ing ou e o s—syne gy—makes he
bes use o ou indi idual expe ise.
1
ARCTIC
A c ic S udies Cen e , Smi hsonian Ins i u ion
A c ic Resea ch Conso ium o he Uni ed S a es Membe Ins i u ion
The A c ic S udies Cen e (ASC)
was c ea ed by he Smi hsonian’s
Na ional Museum o Na u al His o y
(NMNH) in 1988 o p omo e he s udy
o a c ic peoples, cul u es, and
en i onmen s. Building on 150 yea s
o Smi hsonian a c ic explo a ion and
science, i s mission lies in cul u al,
biological, and en i onmen al s udies
in he A c ic and Suba c ic, pa icula ly
in Alaska, bu also h oughou he
ci cumpola No h.
The ASC is he p ima y U.S.
go e nmen p og am wi h a special ocus
on a c ic cul u al esea ch and educa ion.
In keeping wi h he Smi hsonian
commi men o “ he inc ease and
di usion o knowledge,” he Cen e
conduc s ield esea ch and museum
s udies, builds and main ains collec ions
and a chi es, p oduces exhibi ion and
ou each p og ams, and conduc s
museum-based educa ional p og ams.
T aining o museum p o essionals and
ou each enhancing legacies o no he n
peoples a e cen al o i s mission. Fellows
and in e ns p o ide suppo o scien is s
and communi y schola s. ASC collec ions
and esea ch p og ams in ol e close
collabo a ion wi h no he n communi ies
and Na i e g oups in a eas o exhibi ion,
museum aining, and esea ch.
Resea ch, collec ion de elopmen ,
and public p og ams a e essen ial o
Smi hsonian schola ship and public
educa ion p og ams. ASC wo k is
mul idisciplina y, ci cumpola ,
in e na ional, and communi y-based.
Ou undamen al conce n is wi h he
p ese a ion o a c ic cul u al legacies.
Resea ch
ASC esea ch explo es p oblems and
opics o he a c ic and suba c ic wo ld.
Cen e s a emphasize an h opological
a cheology, e hnology, e hnohis o y, and
ela ed aspec s o biology and na u al
science. Resea ch p oblems commonly
include a a ie y o cul u al s udies
in ol ing human-en i onmen al
in e ac ions om he Pleis ocene o
mode n imes. The ASC also in es iga es
mode n p ocesses o cul u al con ac
and ans o ma ion om pe spec i es
o his o y, con empo a y a ai s,
demog aphy, geog aphy, and ecology.
O e he pas 20 yea s, Smi hsonian
no he n s udies ha e concen a ed on
esea ch in h ee ci cumpola egions:
• Inui -Eu opean ans o ma ions
in heEas e n Canadian A c ic;
• ans-Be ingian con ac s and
e olu iona y sys ems in he
G ea e No h Paci ic egion; and
• ecen cul u e his o y and ans o ma-
ions in ol ing mode niza ion and
indus ial de elopmen in he Yamal
egion o Wes e n Sibe ia.
F om T ash o T easu es
Ha ing pu sued no he n s udies
since he 1850s, he Smi hsonian possesses
one o he wo ld’s ines an h opological
collec ions om a c ic egions. The mos
impo an ea ly collec ions a e
e hnological ma e ials acqui ed by
Smi hsonian na u alis s be ween 1858 and
1890 om he Mackenzie Dis ic ,
Unga a, Ba in Island, Coppe mine,
Alaska, and Sibe ia. These collec ions we e
pu chased om Na i e people wi h highly
p ized Wes e n ade goods. Edwa d W.
Nelson, who collec ed now p iceless
ma e ials in Wes e n Alaska in 1877-81,
was called by his Yup’ik iends “ he Man
Who Buys Good-Fo -No hing Things.”
A Koniag (Aluu iq) wo en sp uce oo hun ing ha collec ed by William J. Fishe om Ka luk, Kodiak Island in
1884. Deco a ions include sea lion whiske s, den alium, and glass beads (NMNH, Smi hsonian Ins i u ion).
ARCSS Add esses Sp ing 1998
ARCUS • 907/474-1600 • Fax 907/474-1604 • [email p o ec ed] • h p://www.a cus.o g/
Impo an ARCSS P og am In o ma ion
A c ic Sys em Science P og am
h p://www.ns .go /od/opp/a c ic/sys em.h m
Michael Ledbe e , ARCSS P og am Di ec o
O ice o Pola P og ams (OPP)
Na ional Science Founda ion (NSF)
4201 Wilson Boule a d, Sui e 755
A ling on, VA 22230
Phone: 703/306-1029 • Fax: 703/306-0648
[email p o ec ed]
ARCSS Commi ee (AC)
h p://www.a cus.o g/ARCSS/
AC Coo dina ion
Wendy Wa nick, Execu i e Di ec o
A c ic Resea ch Conso ium o he
Uni ed S a es
600 Uni e si y A enue, Sui e 1
Fai banks, AK 99709-3651
Phone: 907/474-1600 • Fax: 907/474-1604
[email p o ec ed] o [email p o ec ed]
Jack K use, ARCSS Commi ee Chai
Ins i u e o Social and Economic Resea ch
Uni e si y o Alaska Ancho age
117 N. Le e e Road
Le e e , MA 01054
Phone: 413/367-2240 • Fax: 413/367-0092
[email p o ec ed]
ARCSS Da a Coo dina ion Cen e
h p://a css.colo ado.edu/
Ma hew C oss, Di ec o
Ch is McNea e, Da a Manage
Na ional Snow and Ice Da a Cen e
Uni e si y o Colo ado
Campus Box 449
Boulde , CO 80309-0449
Phone: 303/492-1390 • Fax: 303/492-2468
[email p o ec ed]
[email p o ec ed]
G eenland Ice Shee P ojec Two (GISP2)
h p://www.gisp2.s .unh.edu/GISP2/
GISP2 Science Managemen O ice
Ma k Twickle , Associa e Di ec o
Clima e Change Resea ch Cen e
Ins i u e o he S udy o Ea h,
Oceans and Space
Uni e si y o New Hampshi e
39 College Road, Mo se Hall
Du ham, NH 03824-3525
Phone: 603/862-1991 • Fax: 603/862-2124
[email p o ec ed]
GISP2 Execu i e Commi ee
Paul A. Mayewski, Chai
Clima e Change Resea ch Cen e
Ins i u e o he S udy o Ea h,
Oceans and Space
Uni e si y o New Hampshi e
39 College Road
Mo se Hall
Du ham, NH 03824-3525
Phone: 603/862-3146 • Fax: 603/862-2124
[email p o ec ed]
GISP2 Ad iso y Commi ee
Wallace B oecke , Chai
Lamon -Dohe y Ea h Obse a o y
Columbia Uni e si y
PO Box 1000
61 Rou e 9 Wes
Palisades, NY 10964-8000
Phone: 914/365-8413 • Fax: 914/365-3183
[email p o ec ed]
Paleoclima es om A c ic Lakes
and Es ua ies (PALE)
h p://www.ngdc.noaa.go /paleo/pale/index.h ml
PALE Science Managemen O ice
Kim Ma sella, Science and Da a Manage
Ins i u e o A c ic and Alpine Resea ch
Uni e si y o Colo ado
Campus Box 450
Boulde , CO 80309-0450
Phone: 303/492-0246 • Fax: 303/492-6388
[email p o ec ed]
PALE Science S ee ing Commi ee
Ma y E. Edwa ds, Co-Chai
Depa men o Geog aphy
No ges Teknisk-Na u i enskapelige Uni e si e
N-7055 D ag oll, No way
Phone: +477/359-6090 • Fax: +477/359-6100
[email p o ec ed]
Michael J. Re elle, Co-Chai
Depa men o Geology
Ba es College
44 Campus A enue
Lewis on, ME 04240
Phone: 207/786-6155 • Fax: 207/786-8334
[email p o ec ed]
Land-A mosphe e-Ice In e ac ions (LAII)
h p://www.laii.ua .edu/
LAII Science Managemen O ice
Gun e E. Welle , Di ec o
Pa icia A. Ande son, Depu y Di ec o
Cen e o Global Change and A c ic
Sys em Resea ch
Uni e si y o Alaska Fai banks
PO Box 757740
Fai banks, AK 99775-7740
Phone: 907/474-5698 • Fax: 907/474-6722
[email p o ec ed] o [email p o ec ed]
LAII Science S ee ing Commi ee
F. S ua (Te y) Chapin, Chai
Ins i u e o A c ic Biology
Uni e si y o Alaska Fai banks
PO Box 757000
Fai banks, AK 99775-7000
Phone: 907/474-7922 • Fax: 907/474-6967
[email p o ec ed]
Ocean-A mosphe e-Ice In e ac ions
(OAII)
h p://www.ccpo.odu.edu/~a css/
OAII Science Managemen O ice
Louis A. Codispo i, Di ec o
Cen e o Coas al Physical Oceanog aphy
Old Dominion Uni e si y
768 52nd S ee , C i en on Hall
No olk, VA 23529
Phone: 757/683-5770 • Fax: 757/683-5550
[email p o ec ed] o [email p o ec ed]
OAII Science S ee ing Commi ee
Jacqueline M. G ebmeie , Chai
Depa men o Ecology and E olu iona y Biology
Uni e si y o Tennessee
569 Dabney Hall
Knox ille, TN 37996-0100
Phone: 423/974-2592 • Fax: 423/974-3067
[email p o ec ed]

ARCUS Add esses Sp ing 1998
Published by he A c ic Resea ch Conso ium o he Uni ed S a es • 600 Uni e si y A enue • Sui e 1 • Fai banks, AK 99709
ARCUS Boa d o Di ec o s
Execu i e Di ec o
Wendy K. Wa nick
Business Manage
Alison A. Ca e
P ojec Manage s
Anne C. Sudkamp
Alison D. Yo k
Execu i e Assis an
Diane R. Wallace
In e ne and Communica ions Specialis
Michael (Milo) Sha p
Indigenous Cu iculum Specialis
C. Sean Topkok
TEA P ojec Coo dina o
Renée D. C ain
ARCUS S a
Ve a Alexande , Sec e a y
School o Fishe ies and Ocean Sciences
Uni e si y o Alaska Fai banks
PO Box 757220
Fai banks, AK 99775-7220
Phone: 907/474-6824 • Fax: 907/474-7386
[email p o ec ed]
h p://www.ua .edu/
Richa d B. Alley
Ea h Sys em Science Cen e
Pennsyl ania S a e Uni e si y
306 Deike Building
Uni e si y Pa k, PA 16802
Phone: 814/863-1700 • Fax: 814/865-3191
[email p o ec ed]
h p://www.essc.psu.edu/
Linda B ubake
College o Fo es Resou ces
Uni e si y o Washing on
PO Box 352100
Sea le, WA 98195-2100
Phone: 206/543-5778 • Fax: 206/543-3254
[email p o ec ed]
h p://www.washing on.edu/
Gail A. Fondahl
NRES/Geog aphy
Uni e si y o No he n B i ish Columbia
3333 Uni e si y Way
P ince Geo ge, BC V2N 4Z9 Canada
Phone: 250/960-5856 • Fax: 250/960-5539
[email p o ec ed]
h p://www.unbc.ca/
John E. Hobbie, Execu i e Commi ee
The Ecosys ems Cen e
Ma ine Biological Labo a o y
167 Wa e S ee
Woods Hole, MA 02543
Phone: 508/548-6704 • Fax: 508/457-1548
[email p o ec ed]
h p://www.mbl.edu/
Leslie A. King
En i onmen al S udies
Uni e si y o Ve mon
153 S. P ospec S ee
Bu ling on, VT 05405
Phone: 802/656-8167 • Fax: 802/656-8015
[email p o ec ed]
h p://na u e.sn .u m.edu/
Caleb Pungowiyi
Na u al Resou ces
Kawe ak Inc.
PO Box 948
Nome, AK 99762
Phone: 907/443-4728 • Fax: 907/443-3708
[email p o ec ed]
Paul B. Reicha d , P esiden
College o Science, Enginee ing,
and Ma hema ics
Uni e si y o Alaska Fai banks
PO Box 755940
Fai banks, AK 99775-5940
Phone: 907/474-7608 • Fax: 907/474-5101
[email p o ec ed]
h p://www.ua .edu/
Michael J. Re elle, Execu i e Commi ee
Depa men o Geology
Ba es College
44 Campus A enue
Lewis on, ME 04240
Phone: 207/786-6155 • Fax: 207/786-8334
[email p o ec ed]
h p://www.ba es.edu/
Pe e Schlosse
Lamon -Dohe y Ea h Obse a o y
Columbia Uni e si y
PO Box 1000
Palisades, NY 10964-8000
Phone: 914/365-8707 • Fax: 914/365-8155
[email p o ec ed]
h p://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/
John E. Walsh
Depa men o A mosphe ic Sciences
Uni e si y o Illinois - U bana
105 S. G ego y A enue
U bana, IL 61801
Phone: 217/333-7521 • Fax: 217/244-4393
[email p o ec ed]
h p://www.ed.uiuc.edu/coe/
Be na d D. Zak, T easu e
En i onmen al Cha ac e iza ion and
Moni o ing Sys ems Depa men
Sandia Na ional Labo a o ies
Mail S op 0755
Albuque que, NM 87185-0755
Phone: 505/845-8631 • Fax: 505/844-0116
[email p o ec ed]
h p://in o.a m.go /
Edi o /Design
Ma y V. Peale
A c ic Ma ine Science Plan
Cla a M. Jodwalis
ARCUS Consul an s
ARCUS Add esses Sp ing 1998
ARCUS • 907/474-1600 • Fax 907/474-1604 • [email p o ec ed] • h p://www.a cus.o g/
ARCUS Membe Ins i u ions, Rep esen a i es, and Al e na es
A izona S a e Uni e si y
h p://www.asu.edu/
T oy L. Péwé, Rep esen a i e
Depa men o Geology
A izona S a e Uni e si y
PO Box 871404
Tempe, AZ 85287-1404
Phone: 602/965-2883 • Fax: 602/965-8102
[email p o ec ed]
Edmund S ump, Al e na e Rep esen a i e
add ess same as abo e
Phone: 602/965-5081 • Fax: 602/965-8102
[email p o ec ed]
Ba es College
h p://www.ba es.edu/
William G. Amb ose
Biology Depa men
Ba es College
44 Campus A enue
Lewis on, ME 04240-6084
Phone: 207/786-6114 • Fax: 207/786-6123
[email p o ec ed]
Ge ald F. Bigelow
Classical and Medie al S udies P og am
Ba es College
add ess same as abo e
Phone: 207/786-8320 • Fax: 207/786-8333
[email p o ec ed]
B own Uni e si y
h p://www.b own.edu/
Douglas D. Ande son
Depa men o An h opology
B own Uni e si y
PO Box 1921
P o idence, RI 02912
Phone: 401/863-7060 • Fax: 401/863-7588
[email p o ec ed]
Shepa d K ech III
add ess same as abo e
Phone: 401/863-7056 • Fax: 401/863-7588
[email p o ec ed]
Cold Regions Resea ch and
Enginee ing Labo a o y
h p://www.c el.usace.a my.mil/
Deb a Meese
Cold Regions Resea ch and
Enginee ing Labo a o y
72 Lyme Road
Hano e , NH 03755-1290
Phone: 603/646-4594 • Fax: 603/646-4644
[email p o ec ed]
Wal e (Te y) Tucke III
Snow and Ice Di ision
Cold Regions Resea ch and
Enginee ing Labo a o y
add ess same as abo e
Phone: 603/646-4268 • Fax: 603/646-4644
[email p o ec ed]
Da mou h College
h p://www.da mou h.edu/
O an R. Young
Ins i u e o A c ic S udies
Da mou h College
6114 S eele Hall. Room 408A
Hano e , NH 03755-3577
Phone: 603/646-1278 • Fax: 603/646-1279
[email p o ec ed]
Ross A. Vi ginia
En i onmen al S udies P og am
Da mou h College
6182 S eele Hall
Hano e , NH 03755-3577
Phone: 603/646-1456 • Fax: 603/646-1682
[email p o ec ed]
Dese Resea ch Ins i u e
h p://www.d i.edu/
Robe A. Wha on, J .
Dese Resea ch Ins i u e
PO Box 60220
Reno, NV 89506
Phone: 702/673-7469 • Fax: 702/673-7421
[email p o ec ed]
Randy Bo ys
A mosphe ic Sciences Cen e
Dese Resea ch Ins i u e
add ess same as abo e
Phone: 702/677-3122 • Fax: 702/677-3157
[email p o ec ed]
In Feb ua y 1998, ARCUS announced he winne s o he
Second Annual ARCUS Awa d o A c ic Resea ch Excellence.
A panel o senio scien is s om en uni e si ies e iewed he 22
s uden pape s submi ed o his compe i ion. The ou winne s
selec ed we e majo con ibu o s o he esea ch and p ima y
au ho s o he pape s hey submi ed:
•Ku M. Cu ey (and G.D. Clow), Depa men o Geological
Sciences, Uni e si y o Washing on, Sea le, WA:
Tempe a u e, accumula ion, and ice-shee ele a ion in cen al
G eenland h ough he las deglacial ansi ion.
•B enda Ekwu zel, Depa men o Ea h and En i onmen al
Sciences, Lamon -Dohe y Ea h Obse a o y, Columbia
Uni e si y, Palisades, NY: Dis ibu ion and a iabili y o
eshwa e sou ces wi hin he A c ic Ocean su ace and
halocline wa e s.
•Sad edin C. Moosa i (and P.M. C ill), Depa men o Ea h
Sciences, Uni e si y o New Hampshi e, Du ham, NH: CH4
oxida ion by und a we lands as measu ed by a selec i e
inhibi o .
Second Annual ARCUS S uden Awa d Winne s Announced
•B ian T. Pe son (and C.A. Babcock and R.W. Ruess),
Depa men o Biology and Wildli e, Uni e si y o Alaska
Fai banks, AK: Fo age a ia ion in b ood ea ing a eas used by
paci ic black b an geese on he Yukon-Kuskokwim Del a,
Alaska.
The awa d is designed o encou age unde g adua e and
g adua e s uden s o pu sue hei in e es s in a c ic sciences. The
winne s ecei ed a $500 awa d and p esen ed hei pape s a he
Ma ch 1998 A c ic Fo um in Washing on, DC.
Fo he 1999 compe i ion, pape s mus be submi ed by
Decembe 1998. S uden s om any ins i u ion may apply.
Fo mo e in o ma ion, see he ARCUS Web si e (h p://
www.a cus.o g/), o con ac any ARCUS Membe Ins i u ion
Rep esen a i e o ARCUS.
ARCUS Add esses Sp ing 1998
Published by he A c ic Resea ch Conso ium o he Uni ed S a es • 600 Uni e si y A enue • Sui e 1 • Fai banks, AK 99709
ARCUS Membe Ins i u ions, Rep esen a i es, and Al e na es (
con inued
)
Ilisag ik College
Ka he ine Ahgeak
Ilisag ik College
PO Box 749
Ba ow, AK 99723-0749
Phone: 907/852-9177 • Fax: 907/852-1752
[email p o ec ed]
F ank F. Willingham
add ess same as abo e
Phone: 907/852-9176 • Fax: 907/852-9146
[email p o ec ed]
Lamon -Dohe y Ea h Obse a o y
h p://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/
William M. Sme hie
Lamon -Dohe y Ea h Obse a o y
Columbia Uni e si y
PO Box 1000
61 Rou e 9 Wes
Palisades, NY 10964-8000
Phone: 914/365-8566 • Fax: 914/365-8155
[email p o ec ed]
Be na d Coakley
add ess same as abo e
Phone: 914/365-8552 • Fax: 914/365-8156
[email p o ec ed]
Louisiana S a e Uni e si y
h p://www.lsu.edu/
H. Jesse Walke
Depa men o Geog aphy and An h opology
Louisiana S a e Uni e si y
Ba on Rouge, LA 70803-4105
Phone: 504/388-6130 • Fax: 504/388-4420
[email p o ec ed]
Geo ge M. S ain
Resea ch and G adua e S udies
Louisiana S a e Uni e si y
Ba on Rouge, LA 70803
Phone: 504/388-5833 • Fax: 504/388-5983
[email p o ec ed]
Ma ine Biological Labo a o y
h p://www.mbl.edu/
B uce J. Pe e son
The Ecosys ems Cen e
Ma ine Biological Labo a o y
167 Wa e S ee
Woods Hole, MA 02543
Phone: 508/548-3705 • Fax: 508/457-1548
[email p o ec ed]
No he n Illinois Uni e si y
h p://www.niu.edu/
Jay S a e s
Depa men o Geology
No he n Illinois Uni e si y
312 Da is Hall
DeKalb, IL 60115
Phone: 815/753-7927 • Fax: 815/753-1945
[email p o ec ed]
O egon S a e Uni e si y
h p://www.o s .edu/
Pa icia A. Wheele
College o Oceanic and A mosphe ic Sciences
O egon S a e Uni e si y
104 Oceanog aphy Admin Building
Co allis, OR 97331-5503
Phone: 541/737-0558 • Fax: 541/737-2064
[email p o ec ed]
Timo hy Boyd
add ess same as abo e
Phone: 541/737-4035 • Fax: 541/737-2064
[email p o ec ed]
San Diego S a e Uni e si y
h p://www.sdsu.edu/
Allen S. Hope
Depa men o Geog aphy
San Diego S a e Uni e si y
5500 Campanile D i e
San Diego, CA 92182-4493
Phone: 619/594-2777 • Fax: 619/594-4938
[email p o ec ed]
Douglas A. S ow
add ess same as abo e
Phone: 619/594-5498 • Fax: 619/594-4938
[email p o ec ed]
Sandia Na ional Labo a o ies
h p://www.sandia.go /
Hugh W. Chu ch
En i onmen al Cha ac e iza ion and
Moni o ing Sys ems Depa men
Sandia Na ional Labo a o ies
PO Box 5800
Albuque que, NM 87185-0755
Phone: 505/845-8705 • Fax: 505/844-0116
[email p o ec ed]
Ma k D. I ey
add ess same as abo e
Phone: 505/845-9574 • Fax: 505/844-0116
[email p o ec ed]
Smi hsonian Ins i u ion
h p://www.si.edu/
S ephen Lo ing
A c ic S udies Cen e - Depa men o
An h opology
Smi hsonian Ins i u ion
NMNH MRC-112
10 h and Cons i u ion A enue, NW
Washing on, DC 20560
Phone: 202/357-4742 • Fax: 202/357-2684
[email p o ec ed]
A on L. C owell
Ancho age Museum o His o y and A -
Smi hsonian A c ic S udies Cen e
Smi hsonian Ins i u ion
121 W. 7 h A enue
Ancho age, AK 99501
Phone: 907/343-6162 • Fax: 907/343-6130
[email p o ec ed]
Texas A&M Uni e si y
h p://www. amu.edu/
William B yan
Depa men o Oceanog aphy
Texas A&M Uni e si y
Campus MS 3146
College S a ion, TX 77843
Phone: 409/845-2680 • Fax: 409/845-6331
[email p o ec ed]
Uni e si y o Alaska Ancho age
h p://www.uaa.alaska.edu/
Kim M. Pe e son
Depa men o Biological Sciences
Uni e si y o Alaska Ancho age
3211 P o idence D i e
Ancho age, AK 99508
Phone: 907/786-4772 • Fax: 907/786-4607
[email p o ec ed]
John M. Booke
Ins i u e o Ci cumpola Heal h S udies
Uni e si y o Alaska Ancho age
add ess same as abo e
Phone: 907/786-4546 • Fax: 907/786-4019
[email p o ec ed]
Uni e si y o Alaska Fai banks
h p://www.ua .edu/
Roge W. Ruess
Ins i u e o A c ic Biology (IAB)
Uni e si y o Alaska Fai banks
PO Box 757000
Fai banks, AK 99775-7000
Phone: 907/474-7153 • Fax: 907/474-6967
[email p o ec ed]
Ted DeLaca
O ice o A c ic Resea ch
Uni e si y o Alaska Fai banks
PO Box 757560
Fai banks, AK 99775-7560
Phone: 907/474-7314 • Fax: 907/474-7225
[email p o ec ed]
Uni e si y o Colo ado
h p://www.colo ado.edu/
Donald (Skip) A. Walke
Ins i u e o A c ic and Alpine Resea ch
Uni e si y o Colo ado
Campus Box 450
Boulde , CO 80309-0450
Phone: 303/492-7303 • Fax: 303/492-6388
[email p o ec ed]
Amanda Lynch
Coope a i e Ins i u e o Resea ch in
En i onmen al Sciences - P og am in
A mosphe ic and Oceanic Sciences
Uni e si y o Colo ado
Campus Box 216
Boulde , CO 80309-0216
Phone: 303/492-5847 • Fax: 303/492-1149
[email p o ec ed]
ARCUS Add esses Sp ing 1998
ARCUS • 907/474-1600 • Fax 907/474-1604 • [email p o ec ed] • h p://www.a cus.o g/
ARCUS Membe Ins i u ions, Rep esen a i es, and Al e na es (
con inued
)
Uni e si y o Massachuse s
h p://www.umass.edu/
Julie B igham-G e e
Depa men o Geosciences
Uni e si y o Massachuse s
Campus Box 35820
Mo ill Science Cen e
Amhe s , MA 01003-5820
Phone: 413/545-4840 • Fax: 413/545-1200
[email p o ec ed]
Raymond S. B adley
add ess same as abo e
Phone: 413/545-2794 • Fax: 413/545-1200
[email p o ec ed]
In e na ional A ilia es
Associa ion o Canadian Uni e si ies o
No he n S udies (ACUNS)
h p://www.geog.mcgill.ca/no he n/
acunhome.h ml
Pe e G. Johnson
Depa men o Geog aphy
Uni e si y o O awa
PO Box 450, S a ion A
O awa, ON K1N 6N5 Canada
Phone: 613/562-5800 • Fax: 613/562-5145
[email p o ec ed], [email p o ec ed]
Gilles Gau hie
Depa emen de biologie
Uni e si e La al
Ci e Uni e si ai e
Quebec, PQ G1K 7P4 Canada
Phone: 418/656-5507 • Fax: 418/656-2043
[email p o ec ed]
GEOMAR Resea ch Cen e
o Ma ine Geosciences
h p://www.geoma .de/
Jo n Thiede
Al ed Wegene Ins i u e o Pola and
Ma ine Science
Columbuss asse
D-27568 B eme ha en, Ge many
Phone: +49/471-4831-100
Fax: +49/471-4831-102
[email p o ec ed]
Heidi Kassens
Resea ch Cen e o Ma ine Geosciences
GEOMAR
Wischho s asse 1-3 Geb 4
D-24148 Kiel, Ge many
Phone: +49/431-600-2850
Fax: +49/431-600-2941
[email p o ec ed]
McGill Uni e si y
h p://www.mcgill.ca/
Ma ianne S enbaek
English Depa men
McGill Uni e si y
805 She b ooke S ee W.
Mon eal, PQ H3A 2T6 Canada
Phone: 514/398-6579 • Fax: 514/398-8364
[email p o ec ed]
Uni e si y o No he n B i ish Columbia
h p://www.unbc.ca/
Ke in Hall
Geog aphy P og am
Uni e si y o No he n B i ish Columbia
3333 Uni e si y Way
P ince Geo ge, BC V2N 4Z9 Canada
Phone: 250/960-5864 • Fax: 250/960-5538
[email p o ec ed]
Sco Pola Resea ch Ins i u e
h p://www.sp i.cam.ac.uk/
Kei h S. Richa ds
Sco Pola Resea ch Ins i u e
Uni e si y o Camb idge
Lens ield Road
Camb idge, CB2 1ER UK
Phone: +44/1223-336579
Fax: +44/1223-336549
[email p o ec ed]
William J. Mills
Sco Pola Resea ch Ins i u e
Uni e si y o Camb idge
Lens ield Road
Camb idge, CB2 1ER UK
Phone: +44/1223-336557
Fax: +44/1223-336549
[email p o ec ed]
Uni e si y o Miami
h p://www.miami.edu/
Pe e Minne
Rosens iel School o Ma ine and
A mosphe ic Science
Uni e si y o Miami
4600 Rickenbacke Causeway
Miami, FL 33149-1098
Phone: 305/361-4104 • Fax: 305/361-4622
[email p o ec ed]
Za e Top
add ess same as abo e
Phone: 305/361-4110 • Fax: 305/361-4112
[email p o ec ed]
Uni e si y o Neb aska-Lincoln
h p://www.unl.edu/
Ka l C. Kui inen
Snow and Ice Resea ch G oup
Pola Ice Co ing O ice
Uni e si y o Neb aska-Lincoln
2255 W. S ee , Sui e 101
Lincoln, NE 68583-0850
Phone: 402/472-9833 • Fax: 402/472-9832
[email p o ec ed]
P iscilla C. G ew
Uni e si y o Neb aska-Lincoln
1820 R S ee
302 Adminis a ion
Lincoln, NE 68588-0001
Phone: 402/472-3123 • Fax: 402/472-3834
[email p o ec ed]
Uni e si y o New Hampshi e
h p://www.unh.edu/
Da id Ba le
Ins i u e o he S udy o Ea h, Oceans,
and Space
Uni e si y o New Hampshi e
39 College Road
Mo se Hall
Du ham, NH 03824-3525
Phone: 603/862-0322 • Fax: 603/862-1915
[email p o ec ed]
Be ien Moo e III
add ess same as abo e
Phone: 603/862-1766 • Fax: 603/862-0188
[email p o ec ed]
Uni e si y o Washing on
h p://www.washing on.edu/
Ronald S. Sle en
Qua e na y Resea ch Cen e
Uni e si y o Washing on
PO Box 351360
Sea le, WA 98195-1360
Phone: 206/543-0571 • Fax: 206/543-3836
[email p o ec ed]
Uni e si y o Wisconsin-Madison
h p://www.wisc.edu/
Da id M. Mickelson
Depa men o Geology and Geophysics
Uni e si y o Wisconsin-Madison
1215 W. Day on S ee
Madison, WI 53706
Phone: 608/262-7863 • Fax: 608/262-0693
[email p o ec ed]
He be D.G. Maschne
Depa men o An h opology
Uni e si y o Wisconsin-Madison
5240 Social Sciences Building
1180 Obse a o y D i e
Madison, WI 53706
Phone: 608/262-5818 • Fax: 608/265-4216
[email p o ec ed]