1
Publica ion Pa e ns in he Humani ies: Gene a ional
1
Shi s and Changing Resea ch Agendas
2
Nicolas Robinson-Ga cia1, Wenceslao A oyo-Machado2*, El i a González-Salmón1 and
3
Daniel To es-Salinas1
4
5
1Uni o Compu a ional Humani ies and Social Sciences (U-CHASS), EC3 Resea ch G oup,
6
Uni e si y o G anada, G anada, Spain
7
2Cen e o Science, Technology and En i onmen al Policy S udies (CSTEPS), School o Public
8
A ai s, A izona S a e Uni e si y, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
9
10
* Co esponding au ho : [email p o ec ed]
11
Abs ac
12
The humani ies ha e dis inc publica ion p ac ices compa ed o he sciences, wi h books and
13
local language li e a u e being essen ial. This s udy aims o iden i y and analyze he
14
publica ion pa e ns o humani ies schola s in Spanish-speaking coun ies, e ealing unique
15
publica ion beha io s and os e ing di e se pe spec i es a he han linea knowledge
16
p og ession. We analyzed he publica ion his o ies o app oxima ely 40,000 schola s om
17
1950 o 2021 using da a om he Dialne da abase. By iden i ying a che ypal publica ion
18
p o iles, we explo ed hei dis ibu ion ac oss gene a ional coho s and esea ch opics. Ou
19
indings e eal subs an ial gene a ional shi s owa ds jou nal-cen ic publica ion pa e ns
20
p obably in luenced by bibliome ic-d i en e alua ion sys ems. The also show a ela ion
21
be ween publica ion pa e ns and esea ch opics. This highligh s he need o mo e inclusi e
22
assessmen p ac ices ha ecognize he di e se na u e o humani ies schola ship. We
23
con ibu e o ongoing discussions on p omo ing bibliodi e si y in esea ch assessmen and
24
he po en ial impac s o cu en policies on he humani ies.
25
Keywo ds
26
humani ies, publica ion pa e ns, bibliodi e si y, esea ch e alua ion, Spanish-speaking
27
coun ies, gene a ional shi s
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
This is a p ep in and has no unde gone pee e iew
41
The inal published e sion may di e
42
10.5281/zenodo.17279808 | Ve sion 3
43
2
The humani ies a e dis inc om o he sciences. Unlike o he disciplines, books emain an
44
essen ial o ma o scien i ic publishing1–3, and hei a ge audience is o en mo e sca e ed
45
and di e se4,5 wi h non-English li e a u e playing an impo an ole in i s dissemina ion6.
46
Ci a ion pa e ns di e as well7: olde wo ks a e mo e likely o s ill be ci ed5, and esea ch
47
p ima ily in ol es explo ing new pe spec i es and os e ing he coexis ence o compe ing
48
knowledge a he han ollowing a linea p ocess o de elopmen cha ac e ized by big
49
b eak h oughs8. Fu he mo e, solo esea ch is s ill common9. These disciplina y speci ici ies
50
ha e led o he eme gence o di e se alua ion egimes,– ha is, di e ing logics, p ac ices
51
and s anda ds by which esea ch quali y and ele ance a e judged 10,11. As a esul , esea ch
52
e alua ion emains a highly con o e sial issue12,13. This lack o consensus is ela ed o he
53
social s uc u e o hese ields, gene ally o ganized a ound schools o hough o ‘ ibes’14
54
which compe e, con as ing wi h he ‘pa adigma ic’ o ganiza ion o he Na u al and Exac
55
Sciences15. These di e ences ha e some imes been in e p e ed as weakness o
56
humani ies16,17, a he han me ely di e en esea ch s yles.
57
58
Gi en he pa icula i ies o he humani ies, a body o li e a u e has been buil wi hin he ields
59
o scien ome ics and esea ch e alua ion o e he las wen y yea s ying o be e
60
unde s and i s dynamics18. Fo his, s udies ha e ocused mainly on h ee issues: di e ences
61
on publica ion pa e ns, da abase co e age limi a ions 19–22, and he alidi y o ci a ions as a
62
p oxy o impac o quali y8,23 p oposing a ange o al e na i e indica o s3,24,25.
63
64
This s udy is amed wi hin he i s s eam o li e a u e, ha is, he unde s anding o publica ion
65
pa e ns wi hin he Humani ies. Ou goal is o iden i y ypes o humanis s based on hei
66
publica ion pa e ns and unde s and he ac o s unde lying he di e ences be ween hese
67
ypes. We wan o unde s and o wha ex en humanis s end o publish in a di e se ange o
68
ou le s. Is i common o all ields? How is a jou nal-cen ic e alua ion cul u e a ec ing hei
69
publishing habi s26? Wha is he ole played by language27, da abase indexing28–30, scope31,32
70
o esea ch opic28,31,33?
71
72
To his aim, we analyze publica ion pa e ns o indi idual schola s du ing hei comple e
73
academic ca ee . We examine he publica ion his o y o 39,753 schola s om Spanish
74
speaking coun ies who s a ed publishing om 1950 onwa ds up o 2021. We conside a ound
75
1.2 million publica ions in all ou le s and languages, s udying 13 di e en ields om he
76
humani ies. Ou da ase is ex ac ed om Dialne (h ps://dialne .uni ioja.es/), a specialized
77
bibliog aphic da abase ocused on he social sciences and humani ies, main ained by he
78
Dialne Founda ion in collabo a ion wi h o e 80 Spanish and La in Ame ican uni e si ies and
79
public ins i u ions34,35. Dialne indexes di e se publica ion ypes wi h a s ong ocus on
80
Spanish-language ou pu s, aiming o e lec na ional and egional schola ly p oduc ion in he
81
Spanish-speaking wo ld o en o e looked by in e na ional ci a ion indexes. The uniqueness o
82
his da a lies no only on he ichness o publica ion ypes and languages, bu also by he ac
83
ha au ho p o iles a e manually cu a ed and egula ly upda ed by Spanish uni e si y, public
84
and special lib a ies ela ed o he Dialne Founda ion h ough a conso ium ag eemen . This
85
allows us o ack hei comple e publica ion his o y, iden i y hei s a ing publishing da e,
86
compu e hei ca ee leng h o di e en ia e be ween ou pu s indexed and non-indexed
87
publica ions in mains eam bibliome ic da abases (i.e., Scopus and Web o Science).
88
89
Based on his da ase , we buil eigh a iables o each schola , de ining hei publica ion
90
pa e ns by publica ion ype, language, and da abase indexing. We hen compu ed an
91
3
a che ypal analysis36 pe discipline. This allows us o iden i y ex eme- ype con igu a ions o
92
humanis s based on hei publica ion pa e ns. A hie a chical clus e ing analysis allowed us o
93
g oup a che ypes ac oss ields, iden i ying six dis inc publica ion p o iles in he humani ies.
94
We hen compu ed dis ance measu es be ween each schola and a che ype o measu e hei
95
esemblance o hem. Fu he mo e, we assigned schola s o hei mos simila a che ype and
96
explo ed di e ences be ween a che ypes in e ms o gene a ional coho , and esea ch opic.
97
Topics we e iden i ied by applying he Leiden communi y de ec ion algo i hm37 o a co-
98
occu ence ne wo k based on keywo ds ex ac ed om publica ion i les. Then, we compu ed
99
he Jacca d dis ance be ween a che ypes ac oss ields in o de o iden i y di e ences in he
100
opics s udied by humanis s based on hei publica ion p o iles. Fu he de ails a e p o ided in
101
he Da a and Me hods sec ion.
102
103
We con ibu e o cu en li e a u e in se e al ways. Fi s , we analyze publica ion pa e ns a
104
he au ho le el, e ealing he ex en o a ia ion and con ibu ing o he deba e on he di e se
105
li e a u es wi hin he humani ies9,38. These pa e ns may no be only disciplina y bu also
106
gene a ional, as he ise o bibliome ic-d i en e alua ion sys ems and he “Publish o Pe ish”
107
cul u e has incen i ized shi s in wha , how, and whe e humanis s publish39,40. Second, we
108
o e no el insigh s in o cu en esea ch policy discussions on p omo ing bibliodi e si y in
109
esea ch assessmen and he po en ial isks o policies ha al e publica ion habi s26,41. Finally,
110
we examine he ela ionship be ween esea ch opics, language and geog aphic ou each —
111
an unde - esea ched issue o en men ioned o esis changes in publica ion pa e ns wi hin
112
he humani ies 6,31.
113
Resul s
114
Dis ibu ion o schola s by ield and gene al publica ion ends
115
We explo e he publica ion pa e ns o 39,753 humanis s dis ibu ed among 13 esea ch ields
116
(Fig. 1). His o ians, philologis s, and philosophe s ep esen hal o he popula ion (50.2%),
117
whe eas Geog aphy, Paleon ology and Cul u al S udies accoun o less han 5% o he
118
popula ion (a). This dis ibu ion is modi ied sligh ly when looking a p oduc i i y di e ences
119
among ields (b). The p opo ion o ou pu s om he h ee la ges ields inc eases sligh ly o
120
52.7%, wi h His o y ep esen ing mo e han a qua e o he publica ions (26.8%), ha is 4.3%
121
highe han expec ed. Li e a u e also p oduced mo e publica ions han expec ed compa ed o
122
o he ields, wi h a di e ence o 3.0 poin s. Con e sely, Philosophy cons i u es 12.4% o he
123
wo k o ce bu accoun s o only 10.2% o all publica ions.
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
4
Fig. 1 Desc ip i es o popula ion o schola s and ou pu s by ield.
135
136
137
The dis ibu ion o ca ee leng hs and i s publica ion yea s o schola s ac oss ields e eals
138
signi ican a ia ions. In e ms o ca ee leng h (c), Li e a u e and Geog aphy s and ou wi h
139
he highes mean alues (21.7 and 21.2 espec i ely), indica ing he p esence o mo e senio
140
schola s in hese ields. By con as , schola s om ields such as T ansla ion S udies,
141
An h opology, and Music ha e sho e ca ee leng hs on a e age, indica ing a younge
142
academic wo k o ce. Rega ding gene a ional di e ences (d), mos schola s began hei
143
academic ca ee du ing he 1990s and 2000s; howe e no able di e ences exis ac oss ields.
144
T ansla ion S udies and An h opology show he mos ecen mean en y poin s in o academia,
145
wi h means a ound 2003 and 2002, and medians bo h in 2005. On he o he hand, Li e a u e
146
and Geog aphy ha e he oldes mean i s publica ion yea s, a ound 1995, indica ing a mo e
147
es ablished coho o schola s.
148
149
Rega ding publica ion pa e ns (e), a icles a e he p edominan publica ion ype ac oss mos
150
ields, pa icula ly in Paleon ology (79.2%) and Music (78.1%). Philosophy also shows a high
151
p opo ion o a icles (62.0%). In con as , ields like Philology and His o y, while s ill a o ing
152
a icles (47.4 and 49.7%, espec i ely), show a la ge p esence o book chap e s (31.6 and
153
31.4% espec i ely). The p e alence o books is pa icula ly no able in Li e a u e (16.8%) and
154
Philosophy (11.7%). Fields like An h opology and A chaeology exhibi a balanced dis ibu ion
155
be ween a icles and chap e s, wi h T ansla ion S udies showing 46.8% a icles and 31.3%
156
chap e s, Philology wi h 47.4% a icles and 31.6% chap e s, and Geog aphy wi h 46.6% o
157
a icles and 29.8% o chap e s. In e ms o publica ion language ( ), Spanish is he dominan
158
language in mos ields. I accoun s o 89.8% o publica ions in Li e a u e, 82.6% in Cul u al
159
S udies and 79.9% in Philosophy. In con as , Paleon ology s ands ou wi h a signi ican
160
p opo ion o ou pu s in English language publica ions (44.5%). English also plays a no able
161
ole in ields like T ansla ion S udies (30.0%) and Philology (20.8%). O he languages such as
162
5
Ca alan, F ench and Po uguese a e also p esen bu o a lesse ex en . Ca alan is pa icula ly
163
p esen in Philology (9.2%) and Geog aphy (7.6%).
164
Humanis s’ publica ion p o iles
165
Fo each schola , we de ined eigh a iables o desc ibe hei publica ion pa e ns o be e
166
unde s and hei p e e ed ou le s. Six o hese a iables ela e o publica ion ypes: ou ela e
167
o au ho ed publica ions (jou nal a icles, books, chap e s and p oceedings), and wo wi h
168
edi ed publica ions (edi ed con e ence p oceedings and edi ed books). The o he wo a iables
169
ela e o he geog aphic scope o he ou pu . One ela es o he numbe o non-English
170
publica ions and he second o he numbe o publica ions indexed in mains eam in e na ional
171
scien i ic da abases (i.e., Scopus and Web o Science). Fu he de ails on he da a p ocessing
172
and me hodological design a e p o ided in he Da a and Me hods sec ion.
173
174
Using hese a iables, we applied an a che ypal analysis o iden i y he ypes o publica ion
175
p o iles exhibi ed by humanis s. A che ypal analysis36,42 is a me hodology used o iden i y
176
ex eme poin s in a mul idimensional da ase ha bes ep esen he di e si y o he da a.
177
Unlike adi ional clus e ing me hods, which g oup simila da a poin s in o clus e s, his me hod
178
iden i ies ex eme examples wi hin he da a, p o iding a con ex hull ha encompasses he
179
da ase . Fu he mo e, i p o ides a simila i y measu e, called he α-sco e, which indica es how
180
simila each case is o he iden i ied a che ypes. The numbe o a che ypes is de ined by
181
ollowing an elbow c i e ion a e plo ing he sc eeplo o a esidual sum o squa es (RSS)
182
analysis (Appendix, Fig. A1-14). Hence, he numbe o a che ypes iden i ied a ies pe
183
discipline, wi h 8 disciplines exhibi ing h ee di e en a che ypes and 5 disciplines exhibi ing
184
2. In o de o iden i y simila i ies ac oss ields, we conduc ed a hie a chical clus e ing analysis
185
o all a che ype-discipline combina ions. In his way, we a e able o iden i y commonali ies and
186
di e ences o p o iles ac oss and wi hin disciplines.
187
188
O e all, we ha e iden i ied six p o iles which a e sp ead ac oss he humani ies. Figu e 2A
189
displays a hea map showing he no malized alues o he eigh publica ion a iables used o
190
de ine each a che ype. A che ypes a e so ed and g ouped based on hie a chical clus e ing.
191
The co esponding ields and a che ype numbe s a e shown on he igh side o he y-axis. To
192
enhance eadabili y and engagemen , we ga e each clus e o a che ypes o p o ile, a
193
desc ip i e name ha e lec s i s co e cha ac e is ics. Figu e 2B shows he dis ance be ween
194
hese p o iles, displaying how hey clus e oge he based on hei publica ion pa e ns. These
195
a e he ollowing: he b idge , he cosmopoli an, he local ch onicle , he sage, he polyma h
196
and he pa icipan . By naming hese p o iles, we aim o p o ide a clea e unde s anding o
197
he di e se publica ion p ac ices in he humani ies and highligh he gene a ional and cul u al
198
shi s in luencing hese pa e ns.
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
6
Fig. 2. Clus e ing and spa ial dis ibu ion o a che ypes in he humani ies: (a) Hie a chical
209
clus e ing and hea map based on publica ion p o iles, (b) MDS isual ep esen a ion o
210
disciplines and a che ypes e lec ing hei ela ional dis ances.
211
212
213
The mos widesp ead p o iles a e hose o he pa icipan s and he local ch onicle s, which a e
214
bo h p esen ac oss 11 o he 13 disciplines analyzed. In he case o he pa icipan s, he wo
215
ields in which hey a e absen a e Language & Linguis ics, and Li e a u e. This p o ile is
216
cha ac e ized by publishing in na ional languages mainly. We name hem pa icipan s as hey
217
end o pa icipa e in collabo a i e wo ks wi h book chap e s as hei p e e ed publica ion
218
enue. Howe e , esea che s exhibi ing a pa icipan publica ion p o ile will occasionally use
219
any o he o he publica ion enues analyzed, excep o jou nal a icles indexed in Web o
220
Science o Scopus. In he case o he local ch onicle s, hese a e p esen in all disciplines
221
excep o Language & Linguis ics, and Paleon ology. They a e cha ac e ized by publishing
222
mainly jou nal a icles in na ional language (i.e., non-English), and only occasionally books o
223
in indexed jou nals.
224
225
The hi d mos common p o ile is ha o he cosmopoli ans. Named like ha due o he high
226
p opo ion o publica ions which a e placed as a icles in mains eam jou nals. Cosmopoli ans
227
a e p esen in 7 disciplines, hese a e: Philology, His o y, A chaeology, A s, T ansla ion
228
S udies, An h opology and Philosophy. Nex , we obse e wo publica ion p o iles which a e
229
only p esen in wo disciplines espec i ely. These a e he b idge s and he polyma hs.
230
B idge s a e schola s who p ima ily publish jou nal a icles, engaging wi h bo h na ional and
231
mains eam communi ies by publishing in bo h, in na ional and English languages, as well as
232
in indexed and non-indexed jou nals. These schola s a e p esen in he disciplines o
233
Language & Linguis ics, and Paleon ology. On he o he hand, polyma hs end o use a wide
234
a ie y o publica ion enues, simila ly o he p o ile o he pa icipan s, al hough wi h a lesse
235
emphasis on book chap e s. And again, hey publish in non-English languages and in non-
236
mains eam jou nals. These schola s a e p esen in Language & Linguis ics, and Li e a u e.
237
Finally, we obse e one p o ile which is dis inc i e o jus one o he disciplines in he
238
Humani ies, ha is he sage, which is only p esen in Li e a u e. These schola s a e
239
cha ac e ized by publishing mainly monog aphs in na ional language, al hough occasionally
240
also publishing jou nal a icles.
241
7
242
O e all, we obse e how publica ion choices a e a ied wi hin he humani ies, wi h di e en
243
publica ion pa e ns obse ed wi hin and ac oss ields. While many simila i ies exis among
244
some o he iden i ied p o iles, o he s a e unique o speci ic disciplines, e lec ing he ichness
245
and di e si y o publica ion habi s.
246
Gene a ional di e ences on publica ion pa e ns by ield
247
Nex , we hypo hesize he exis ence o di e en p o iles wi hin disciplines as a e lec ion o a
248
gene a ional shi , whe e publica ion pa e ns espond o he con ex in which hey a e
249
p oduced. Phenomena such as bibliome ic-d i en e alua ion sys ems, a Publish o Pe ish
250
cul u e, and a gene a ion o digi ally na i e schola s who may p io i ize no el y and sho e
251
communica ion o ma s o e longe , mo e e lec i e wo ks, could be d i ing hese di e ences
252
ac oss coho s.
253
254
We explo e his in Figu e 3, which plo s he sha e o schola s by publica ion p o ile ac oss
255
disciplines o e ime. The x-axis ep esen s schola s’ i s publica ion yea which is used as a
256
p oxy o hei gene a ional coho , anging om 1960 o 2020. The da a e eals ha
257
gene a ional shi s a e aking place bo h, in e ms o dominan a che ypes wi hin disciplines,
258
and he eme gence o new publica ion p o iles. Simila i ies can be ound in he ields o His o y,
259
An h opology, A chaeology and he A s, domina ed by he local ch onicle and he pa icipan
260
p o iles, bu wi h an incipien g ow h o he cosmopoli an p o ile among younge schola s.
261
Meanwhile, he o he wo p o iles, he pa icipan and he local ch onicle , emain c oss-
262
gene a ional, sugges ing a mo e s able p esence in hese ields ac oss di e en coho s. A
263
simila end is obse ed in Philology and Philosophy, whe e he cosmopoli an p o ile has
264
become mo e p ominen among newe gene a ions. Howe e , hese show ha he local
265
ch onicle p o ile is adop ed by olde schola s, wi h a ma ked decline especially in Philology
266
since he la e 1990s, indica ing a shi om publishing in collec i e monog aphs.
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
8
Fig. 3 Gene a ional shi s in publica ion p o iles ac oss disciplines.
288
289
290
In Cul u al S udies and Geog aphy, we obse e a co-exis ence be ween he pa icipan p o ile,
291
cha ac e ized by publishing mainly book chap e s, and he local ch onicle , which p io i izes
292
jou nal a icles in na ional language. In he case o Geog aphy, we obse e a U shape in he
293
dis ibu ion o pa icipan s, whe eas in Cul u al S udies, he e is an e en spli which oscilla es
294
o e he s udy pe iod. Bu he e is no dominan pa e n ac oss ields, e lec ing he ichness
295
and di e si y o he humani ies in e ms o publica ion pa e ns. In he case o Music, o
296
ins ance, he pa e n is somewha he e e se, wi h he local ch onicle being a c oss-
297
gene a ional p o ile and he pa icipan p o ile being adop ed by gene a ions om he 1990s
298
and 2000s, al hough declining in he case o younge gene a ions.
299
300
Paleon ology is a unique case, showing dis inc pa e ns compa ed o o he disciplines. He e
301
he b idge —who combines publishing in na ional language wi h mains eam jou nals—, is he
302
dominan p o ile, wi h a smalle sha e o pa icipan p o iles a e p esen ac oss mul iple
303
gene a ions. O he dis inc cases include Language & Linguis ics, and Li e a u e. In he case
304
9
o he o me , wo p o iles a e p esen : he polyma h, who ends o use a di e si y o publica ion
305
enues and o ma s, and he b idge s. Schola s showcasing he polyma h p o ile a e c oss-
306
gene a ional, while he e is a clea ise o schola s wi h a b idge p o ile among ecen
307
gene a ions, poin ing owa ds an e o o each wide and mo e in e na ional audiences.
308
Finally, Li e a u e is he only discipline exhibi ing he sage p o ile, cha ac e ized by schola s
309
who p ima ily publish books. Howe e , his p o ile is associa ed wi h olde gene a ions o
310
schola s. In con as , newe gene a ions in he ield end o exhibi a polyma h and a local
311
ch onicle p o ile, sugges ing a shi in e ms o publica ion p ac ices. The dominance o he
312
local ch onicle p o ile s ill sugges s he impo ance o na ional-language jou nals wi hin he
313
ield o e mains eam jou nals.
314
315
Fig. 4 Thema ic landscape and compa ison o esea ch po olios by a che ype in His o y,
316
Philology, Philosophy and A s., which ep esen he ou la ges ields in ou da ase .
317
318
The ela ion be ween esea ch opics and publica ion pa e ns
319
Nex , we explo e whe he publica ion p o iles a e associa ed wi h b oad endencies in opic
320
engagemen . Since a che ypes a e de i ed om pa e ns in publica ion, compa ing hei
321
hema ic ocus allows us o assess how hese publica ion beha io s ela e o esea ch opics.
322
We ansla ed non-English i les in o English and ex ac ed keywo ds using he Cha GPT
323
API43. We hen applied he Leiden communi y de ec ion algo i hm37 o g oup keywo ds in o
324
clus e s o opics. We iden i ied a o al o 1,437 opics (see Supplemen a y ma e ial o ead
325
he lis o opics) which we e clus e ed in o eigh majo a eas. Based on hese opics, we
326
c ea ed a ec o o each a che ype-discipline combina ion, ep esen ing he dis ibu ion o
327
eco ds among opics. A de ailed desc ip ion o he me hodological app oach ollowed is
328
p o ided in he Da a and Me hods sec ion.
329
16
communi y de ec ion algo i hm o u he clus e opics in o 8 majo ields. F om he gene al
581
map, an o e lay was c ea ed o each a che ype wi hin each discipline, showcasing he
582
esea ch on s whe e hey publish he mos .
583
Thema ic p o ile simila i y
584
Finally, we ep esen ed each humanis p o ile as a ec o , whe e each en y co esponds o
585
he o al numbe o publica ions in a speci ic esea ch opic. Pai wise dis ances be ween hese
586
opic ec o s we e hen compu ed using he Jacca d dis ance, which quan i ies dissimila i y
587
by compa ing sha ed and unique opics be ween p o iles. The Jacca d dis ance 𝑑𝑗 be ween
588
wo se s 𝐴 and 𝐵 is de ined as:
589
𝑑𝑗(𝐴, 𝐵)= 1 − |𝐴∩𝐵|
|𝐴∪𝐵|
590
591
whe e |𝐴 ∩ 𝐵| is he size o he in e sec ion (i.e., he numbe o sha ed opics) and |𝐴 ∪ 𝐵| is
592
he size o he union (i.e., he o al numbe o unique opics ac oss bo h p o iles).
593
Subsequen ly, o each ield, we applied a one-dimensional Mul idimensional Scaling (MDS)53
594
analysis o isualize how p o iles align based on hema ic simila i y ac oss. This analysis
595
allowed us o assess whe he he obse ed hema ic pa e ns a he ield le el we e consis en
596
ac oss he b oade da ase .
597
Funding Decla a ion
598
This wo k is pa o he COMPARE p ojec (REF: PID2020-117007RA-I00) unded by he
599
Spanish Minis y o Science (Re : MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 FSE in ie e en u
600
u u o). Nicolas Robinson-Ga cia is unded by a Ramón y Cajal g an om he Spanish Minis y
601
o Science and Inno a ion (REF: RYC2019-027886-I). El i a González-Salmón is unded by
602
a FPU g an om he Spanish Minis y o Uni e si ies (FPU2021/02320). We would like o
603
hank he Dialne Founda ion o p o iding access o he da a.
604
605
Re e ences
606
1. Engels, T. C. E., Is enič S a čič, A., Kulczycki, E., Pölönen, J. & Si e sen, G. A e book publica ions
607
disappea ing om schola ly communica ion in he social sciences and humani ies? Aslib Jou nal
608
o In o ma ion Managemen 70, 592–607 (2018).
609
2. Giménez-Toledo, E., Mañana-Rod íguez, J. & Si e sen, G. Schola ly book publishing: I s
610
in o ma ion sou ces o e alua ion in he social sciences and humani ies. Res E al 26, 91–101
611
(2017).
612
3. Zuccala, A. & Robinson-Ga cía, N. Re iewing, Indica ing, and Coun ing Books o Mode n
613
Resea ch E alua ion Sys ems. in Sp inge Handbook o Science and Technology Indica o s (eds.
614
Glänzel, W., Moed, H. F., Schmoch, U. & Thelwall, M.) 715–728 (Sp inge In e na ional Publishing,
615
Cham, 2019). doi:10.1007/978-3-030-02511-3_27.
616
4. Si e sen, G. Pa e ns o in e na ionaliza ion and c i e ia o esea ch assessmen in he social
617
sciences and humani ies. Scien ome ics 107, 357–368 (2016).
618
5. Hamma el , B. Beyond Co e age: Towa d a Bibliome ics o he Humani ies. in Resea ch
619
Assessmen in he Humani ies (eds. Ochsne , M., Hug, S. E. & Daniel, H.-D.) 115–131 (Sp inge
620
In e na ional Publishing, 2016). doi:10.1007/978-3-319-29016-4_10.
621
17
6. Kulczycki, E. e al. Mul ilingual publishing in he social sciences and humani ies: A se en-coun y
622
Eu opean s udy. Jou nal o he Associa ion o In o ma ion Science and Technology 71, 1371–
623
1385 (2020).
624
7. Wang, J. Ci a ion ime window choice o esea ch impac e alua ion. Scien ome ics 94, 851–872
625
(2013).
626
8. Ochsne , M., Hug, S. E. & Daniel, H.-D. Fou ypes o esea ch in he humani ies: Se ing he s age
627
o esea ch quali y c i e ia in he humani ies. Resea ch E alua ion 22, 79–92 (2013).
628
9. Nede ho , A. J. Bibliome ic moni o ing o esea ch pe o mance in he Social Sciences and he
629
Humani ies: A Re iew. Scien ome ics 66, 81–100 (2006).
630
10. Robinson-Ga cia, N., Cos as, R., Nane, G. F. & an Leeuwen, T. N. Valua ion egimes in
631
academia: Resea che s’ a i udes owa ds hei di e si y o ac i i ies and academic pe o mance.
632
Resea ch E alua ion 32, 496–514 (2023).
633
11. Reale, E. e al. A e iew o li e a u e on e alua ing he scien i ic, social and poli ical impac o social
634
sciences and humani ies esea ch. Resea ch E alua ion 27, 298–308 (2018).
635
12. Toledo, E. G. Why Books a e Impo an in he Schola ly Communica ion Sys em in Social Sciences
636
and Humani ies. 2, 6 (2020).
637
13. Hamma el , B. Recogni ion and ewa d in he academy: Valuing publica ion oeu es in
638
biomedicine, economics and his o y. Aslib Jou nal o In o ma ion Managemen 69, 607–623
639
(2017).
640
14. Beche . Academic T ibes and Te i o ies: In ellec ual Enqui y and he Cul u es o Discipline. (Open
641
Uni e si y P ess, Buckingham, 2001).
642
15. Kuhn, T. S. The S uc u e o Scien i ic Re olu ions. (Uni e si y o Chicago P ess, 1996).
643
16. Sokal, A. D. A physicis expe imen s wi h cul u al s udies. Lingua anca 6, 62–64 (1996).
644
17. Linmans, A. J. M. Why wi h bibliome ics he Humani ies does no need o be he weakes link.
645
Scien ome ics 83, 337–354 (2010).
646
18. Ve leysen, F. T. & Wee en, A. Clus e ing by publica ion pa e ns o senio au ho s in he social
647
sciences and humani ies. Jou nal o In o me ics 10, 254–272 (2016).
648
19. Hicks, D. The di icul y o achie ing ull co e age o in e na ional social science li e a u e and he
649
bibliome ic consequences. Scien ome ics 44, 193–215 (1999).
650
20. Si e sen, G. & La sen, B. Comp ehensi e bibliog aphic co e age o he social sciences and
651
humani ies in a ci a ion index: an empi ical analysis o he po en ial. Scien ome ics 91, 567–575
652
(2012).
653
21. Glänzel, W., Thijs, B. & Chi, P.-S. The challenges o expand bibliome ic s udies om pe iodical
654
li e a u e o monog aphic li e a u e wi h a new da a sou ce: he book ci a ion index. Scien ome ics
655
109, 2165–2179 (2016).
656
22. A chambaul , É., Vignola-Gagne, É., Cô é, G., La i iè e, V. & Ging asb, Y. Benchma king scien i ic
657
ou pu in he social sciences and humani ies: The limi s o exis ing da abases. Scien ome ics 68,
658
329–342 (2006).
659
23. Hug, S. E., Ochsne , M. & Daniel, H.-D. C i e ia o assessing esea ch quali y in he humani ies:
660
a Delphi s udy among schola s o English li e a u e, Ge man li e a u e and a his o y. Resea ch
661
E alua ion 22, 369–383 (2013).
662
24. To es-Salinas, D. & Moed, H. F. Lib a y Ca alog Analysis as a ool in s udies o social sciences
663
and humani ies: An explo a o y s udy o published book i les in Economics. Jou nal o In o me ics
664
3, 9–26 (2009).
665
25. Hamma el , B. Using al me ics o assessing esea ch impac in he humani ies. Scien ome ics
666
101, 1419–1430 (2014).
667
26. Hamma el , B. & de Rijcke, S. Accoun abili y in con ex : e ec s o esea ch e alua ion sys ems on
668
publica ion p ac ices, disciplina y no ms, and indi idual wo king ou ines in he acul y o A s a
669
Uppsala Uni e si y. Res. E alua . 24, 63–77 (2015).
670
27. an Leeuwen, T. Bibliome ic esea ch e alua ions, Web o Science and he Social Sciences and
671
Humani ies: a p oblema ic ela ionship? Bibliome ie - P axis und Fo schung 2, (2013).
672
18
28. López Piñei o, C. & Hicks, D. Recep ion o Spanish sociology by domes ic and o eign audiences
673
di e s and has consequences o e alua ion. Resea ch E alua ion 24, 78–89 (2015).
674
29. Ossenblok, T. L. B., Engels, T. C. E. & Si e sen, G. The ep esen a ion o he social sciences and
675
humani ies in he Web o Science—a compa ison o publica ion pa e ns and incen i e s uc u es
676
in Flande s and No way (2005–9). Resea ch E alua ion 21, 280–290 (2012).
677
30. Kulczycki, E. e al. Publica ion pa e ns in he social sciences and humani ies: e idence om eigh
678
Eu opean coun ies. Scien ome ics 1–24 (2018) doi:10.1007/s11192-018-2711-0.
679
31. Kulczycki, E. & Ko y kowski, P. Resea che s publishing monog aphs a e mo e p oduc i e and
680
mo e local-o ien ed. Scien ome ics 125, 1371–1387 (2020).
681
32. Cha a o, D., Tang, P. & Ra ols, I. In e disciplina i y and esea ch on local issues: e idence om
682
a de eloping coun y. Resea ch E alua ion 23, 195–209 (2014).
683
33. Ra ols, I., Cia li, T. & Cha a o, D. Unde - epo ing esea ch ele an o local needs in he Sou h:
684
Da abase biases in ice esea ch. in The T ans o ma ion o Resea ch in he Sou h Policies and
685
ou comes (eds. A ani is, R. & O’B ien, D.) (Édi ions des a chi es con empo aines, 2019).
686
34. Ma eo, F. P oducción cien í ica en español en humanidades y ciencias sociales. Algunas
687
p opues as desde Dialne . P o esional de la in o mación 24, 509–516 (2015).
688
35. A oyo-Machado, W. & Robinson-Ga cia, N. Towa ds a Science o Humani ies: How Big Da a can
689
Sol e he Limi a ions o Scien ome ics. In A. Gallego Cuiñas & D. To es-Salinas (eds.).
690
Humani ies and Big Da a in Ibe o-Ame ica: Me hodological issues and p ac ical applica ions. De
691
G uy e . 75–92 (De G uy e , 2023). doi:10.1515/9783110753523-006.
692
36. Eugs e , M. J. A. & Leisch, F. F om Spide -Man o He o — A che ypal Analysis in R. Jou nal
693
o S a is ical So wa e 30, 1–23 (2009).
694
37. T aag, V. A., Wal man, L. & an Eck, N. J. F om Lou ain o Leiden: gua an eeing well-connec ed
695
communi ies. Scien i ic Repo s 9, 5233 (2019).
696
38. Hicks, D. The Fou Li e a u es o Social Science. in Handbook o Quan i a i e Science and
697
Technology Resea ch 473–496 (Sp inge , 2005).
698
39. Cañibano, C., Vila dell, I., Co ona, C. & Beni o-Ama , C. The e alua ion o esea ch excellence
699
and he dynamics o knowledge p oduc ion in he humani ies: The case o His o y in Spain. Sci
700
Public Policy 45, 775–789 (2018).
701
40. Knöchelmann, M. Fo mal au ho ship in he wake o unce ain u u es: he na a i e o publish o
702
pe ish in he humani ies. Resea ch E alua ion 33, ae044 (2024).
703
41. CoARA. The Ag eemen . Coali ion o Ad ancing Resea ch Assessmen
704
h ps://coa a.eu/ag eemen / he-ag eemen - ull- ex / (2022).
705
42. Cu le , A. & B eiman, L. A che ypal Analysis. Technome ics 36, 338–347 (1994).
706
43. OpenAI. Cha GPT. (2023).
707
44. F andsen, T. F. & Nicolaisen, J. In adisciplina y di e ences in da abase co e age and he
708
consequences o bibliome ic esea ch. Jou nal o he Ame ican Socie y o In o ma ion Science
709
and Technology 59, 1570–1581 (2008).
710
45. Jiménez-Con e as, E., De Moya Anegón, F. & López-Cóza , E. D. The e olu ion o esea ch
711
ac i i y in Spain. Resea ch Policy 32, 123–142 (2003).
712
46. Buela-Casal, G. Re lec ions on he Acc edi a ion Sys em o enu ed Uni e si y P o esso s in Spain.
713
Psico hema 19, 473–482 (2007).
714
47. Hicks, D., Wou e s, P., Wal man, L., de Rijcke, S. & Ra ols, I. The Leiden Mani es o o esea ch
715
me ics. Na u e 520, 429–431 (2015).
716
48. R Co e Team. R: A Language and En i onmen o S a is ical Compu ing. R Founda ion o
717
S a is ical Compu ing (2021).
718
49. Van Eck, N. J. & Wal man, L. So wa e su ey: VOS iewe , a compu e p og am o bibliome ic
719
mapping. Scien ome ics 84, 523–538 (2010).
720
50. Eugs e , M. J. A. & Leisch, F. Weigh ed and obus a che ypal analysis. Compu a ional S a is ics
721
& Da a Analysis 55, 1215–1225 (2011).
722
51. Kolde, R. phea map: P e y Hea maps. (2019).
723
19
52. Rose, S., Engel, D., C ame , N. & Cowley, W. Au oma ic Keywo d Ex ac ion om Indi idual
724
Documen s. in Tex Mining 1–20 (John Wiley & Sons, L d, 2010).
725
doi:10.1002/9780470689646.ch1.
726
53. Da ison, M. L. & Si eci, S. G. 12 - Mul idimensional Scaling. in Handbook o Applied Mul i a ia e
727
S a is ics and Ma hema ical Modeling (eds. Tinsley, H. E. A. & B own, S. D.) 323–352 (Academic
728
P ess, San Diego, 2000). doi:10.1016/B978-012691360-6/50013-6.
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
20
Appendix
766
767
Fig. A1 Sc eeplo o he esidual sum o squa es (RSS) o Humani ies. The ed do ep esen s he
768
alue chosen o he analysis.
769
770
771
772
Fig. A2 Sc eeplo o he esidual sum o squa es (RSS) o His o y. The ed do ep esen s he alue
773
chosen o he analysis.
774
21
775
Fig. A3 Sc eeplo o he esidual sum o squa es (RSS) o Philosophy. The ed do ep esen s he
776
alue chosen o he analysis.
777
778
779
Fig. A4 Sc eeplo o he esidual sum o squa es (RSS) o Philology. The ed do ep esen s he alue
780
chosen o he analysis.
781
782
22
783
Fig. A5 Sc eeplo o he esidual sum o squa es (RSS) o A s. The ed do ep esen s he alue
784
chosen o he analysis.
785
786
787
Fig. A6 Sc eeplo o he esidual sum o squa es (RSS) o A chaeology. The ed do ep esen s he
788
alue chosen o he analysis.
789
790
791
23
792
Fig. A7 Sc eeplo o he esidual sum o squa es (RSS) o Language & Linguis ics. The ed do
793
ep esen s he alue chosen o he analysis.
794
795
796
Fig. A8 Sc eeplo o he esidual sum o squa es (RSS) o Li e a u e. The ed do ep esen s
797
he alue chosen o he analysis.
798
799
24
800
Fig. A9 Sc eeplo o he esidual sum o squa es (RSS) o Music. The ed do ep esen s he alue
801
chosen o he analysis.
802
803
804
Fig. A10 Sc eeplo o he esidual sum o squa es (RSS) o An h opology. The ed do ep esen s he
805
alue chosen o he analysis.
806
807
25
808
Fig. A11 Sc eeplo o he esidual sum o squa es (RSS) o T ansla ion S udies. The ed do
809
ep esen s he alue chosen o he analysis.
810
811
812
Fig. A12 Sc eeplo o he esidual sum o squa es (RSS) o Geog aphy. The ed do ep esen s he
813
alue chosen o he analysis.
814
815
