On Mammals from Celebes, Borneo, and tlie Philippines recently received at the British Museum.

THE ANNALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY, INCLUDING ZOOLOGY, BOTANY, AND GEOLOGY. ( BEIKG A CON'J'DlUATION OP THE 'AN"N"ALS' CO�IRJKED W[Tll LOUDON AND CIIARLESWORTll•S I MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY,') CONDUCTED BY AU!EltT C. L. G. GUNTHER, M.A., M.D., Ph.D., F.R.S. WII,LIAM CARRUTHERS, F.R.S., F.L.S., F.G.S., ANO WILLIAM FRANCIS, Ph.D., F.T,.S. VOL. XVIII.-SIX'fII SBHIES. LONDON: PRINTED AND PUilLISIIED IlY TAYLOR AND FR.\NCIS. f:OLD BY SIMPKIN, MARSIIALL, JIA�ULTON, KENT, A:\"D CO., LD.; WHITTAJ{lUt • .\ND CO.: Il.\lLLd:nE, PAIUS: MACLACHLAN .AND STEWART, EDl�BURGII: UODGKS, FIOGIS, AND CO., DOOLIN: AND ASll.ETI, BERLIN. 1896. THE A�NALS AND MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY. [SIXTH SERIES.] No. 105. SEPTE�IBER 1890. Ann. & Ma,q. N. Hist. Ser. 6. Vol. xviii. 14 Marmna{sji·om Celebes, Bon,eo, and the Philii>pines. :241 XXXVIIL-0n 1llam111als from Gelebes, Borneo, and tlie Pl,ilippines recenll!J ,·ecefred at t!te British illuseum. By OLDFIELD 'l'HOMAS. 'l'HE specimens referred to in the present paper were mostly collected Ly �fessrs. Charles and Ernest Hose in N. Celebes an<l by Mr. A lfrcd Everett at the extreme south of the same island, and both at about the same date, October to December 1895. One of the chief objects of these naturalists was to obtain for our National .Mnseum specimens of the numerous small mammals that have been described of late years from the islaud of Celcbcs and have hitherto been unrepresented in the British Museum. This object has 242 Mr. 0. Thomas on Mammals from happily been very successfully accomplished, and Celebes is no,v no longer the worst-represented part of the world in the i'lluseum collections, as was formerly the case-,rn improve rneut wholly due to those who have already made Northern Borneo the best-represented part of the world in the same collections. 1n spite of the many Celebean species previously described, most of which have now been obtained, no le» than five new ones !tave also been discovered-a result tlie more surprising as the Hoses were working in what was supposed to be the best-known part of Celebes. Besides the Hose and Everett specimens, a bat obtained by Governor Creagh at San<lakan, N: Borneo, is also described, as also is a very remarkable new fruit-bat which occurs in Ur. John Whitehcad's last collection from the Philippines. Bonda rne11adensis, sp. n. Size of Boneia bide11s, Jent. Ears of medium length, s!tarply pointed above, their outer edge with a small lobule basally. Wings from the sides of the back as in typical Xantlwrpyia. Colour above of head <lark smoky brown, of nape dull yellow, of back <lark reddiRh brown, gradually becoming paler and brighter on the rump. Sides of neck with dark golden gland-tufoi. Chin, thmat, and belly pale greyish brown. \Vings and limb;; naked, except just on the proximal part of the forearm and on the femora and neigh bouring parts of the interfemoral membrane. Skull with a broad heavy muzzle and strong widely ex panded zygomata. Premaxillre separated in front. Upper incisors two in number, short, cylindrical, equi distant from each other and the canine:3. Canines long, grooved in front. First upper premolar small, but not specially crushed in between the cauine and secoud pre molar. Lower incisors in an even curved row between the canines, the outer four or five times as stout as the inner ones, Canines short, stout, and strongly sla11ted outwards. Dimensions of the type (an adult male skin) :- Forearm 97 millim. ( =3·8 inches); head and body (ap proximate) 1511; ear (dried) 20; lower leg 53. t:;kull: extreme length from nasion to occiput -!11·7; greatest breadth 25; tip of nasals to supraorbital foramina 20; inter orbital breadth 7·5; tip to tip of postorbital processes 16; front of upper canine to back of� 15·1. I-Jab. Menado, Celebes. Coll. C. and E. Hose, Oct. 1895. Celebes, Borneo, and the Philippines. 243 This bat is probably the N. Celebes representative of the southern B. bidens, from which it may be distinguished by the distance between the dorsal origins of the wings, its pointed ears, and different colour, notably the brown instead of" golden-yellow " crown. HARPYI0�YCTERIS, gen. nov. Index with a claw. ,vings from the sides of the hairy back, inserted behind at the junction of the first and second toes. No tail. Hin<l limbs apparently very short. Inter femoral membrane obsolete, buried in thick fur. Dentition.-!. 10�0, C. t, P. ¾, M. ix 2=28 or 30. Upper incisors large, touching each other and the canines, shaped, when viewed in front, almost like those of Desmodus, each with a long oblique cusp touching its fellow in the micldle line of the skull, but in section each is broadly trian gular, with a broad posterior basal ledge. Canines with a large posterior secondary cusp about half as high as the main cusp, and with a broad postero-internal basal ledge, but no additional internal cusps; its direction much more slanting forwards than usual, as is the lower canine also, so that the two cross each other nearly at right angles, instead of being approximately parallel. First two premolars about as in <..:ynoptertls. :llolars oblong in section and of a peculiar cuspidate character, the lateral longitudiual walls to the usual median groove broken up into several minute cusps, none of which arc at all specially lengthened. Below, the incisors are practically obsolete, being minute and almost crowded out* by the large canines, which touch each other in the middle line, and each have an antero-internal and a postero external secondary cusp an<l a broad posterior ledge. lt is difficult to say with certainty to what previously known genus this remarkable form is most nearly allied. Its peculiar canines to a certain extent recall those of llai-pyia, but this resemblance may be either accidental or due to their common descent from the (presumably) cuspidate-toothed ancestors of the Pteropodidre t. On the whole it may be most conveniently placed near Xantharpyia and Boneia, with which it shares certain external characters, an indical claw, and the cheek-tooth formula of P. {, Jl. �; but the *In tbe single type specimen one lower incisor only is present, the other havin" fallen. t See P. Z. S. ll:i88, p. 473. 2-14 ;\fr. 0. Thomas on Jlammals fro111 unique incisors, the short biand tricuspiuale canines, and the multicuspidate molar, separate it widely even from these, and render it one of the most isolated of all the genera of the group. lfarpyionycteris TVl1iteheadi, sp. n. Size about as in Xantharpyia ample.r:icaudata. Fur soft, close and woolly, especially posteriorly. General colour of tlrn fm ;ill over above and below a uniform chocolate-brown, a little darker on the face, and a little lighter on the nape and shoulders. "\Ying-membranes dark, with a few whitish spots scattered abont them. Ears of medium length, rounded at their tips. Fur of the back extending thinly on to the fore arms and covering the hind limbs densely Jo1Yn to the roots of the claws. J nterfemornl membrane barely a tenth of an inch wide, wholly buried in the fur. Dimensions of the t_ype (an adult skin of doubtful sex) : Forearm 84 ruillim. (=3·3 inches); liead and body 140; ear 17; index-finger and claw 60; third tinger, metacarpal 59, first phalanx 44, second phalanx 54. Skull: basal length 37·5; greatest breadth 2:3•8; inter orbital Lreadth, tip to tip of postorbital proeesses 6·9. Front of canine to back of m-2 17. J lab. l\lindoro, Philippines, alt. 5000 feet. Coll. J. Whitehead, December 1895. l\lr. 'Whitehead is to be congratulated on this interestin a<ldition to the splendid discoveries he has already made i� the Philippine Islands. Rliinolophus C,·eaglii, sp. n. Size medium. Nose-leaf widely different from that of any other species by the fact that while usually, in Dobson's words, the upper margin of the connecting process of the sella is conjoined with the summit of the vertical process at the same level, or exceeds it posteriorly in height, in the present species the connecting process is almost obsolete and is far overtopped by the anterior vertical process. Above the low connecting process, on the front face of the sella, there is a prominent tuft of brown hairs, projecting forwards and overhanging the anterior vertical process. The latter process is spatulate, narrower below, broadening out in the middle, pointed above. . Iuternarial lappet� rounded. Hori zontal nose-leaf broad, just about covering the muzzle. Lower lip with three grooves. Ears large, sharply pointed Celebes, Borneo, and the Philippi'nes. 245 at their tips. ·wings from the tibiro nearly half an inch from be ankle. Colour, as usual, dull brown above and below·. First upper premolar between the well-separated canine and second premolar. Second lower premolar entirely absent. Dimensions of the type (an adult female in spirit): Forearm 49 millim. ( = l ·95 inch) ; head and body 51; tail 17·5; car from notch 2:!; nose-leaf 15 x 10; lower leg 23. Hob. Sandakan, British N. Borneo. Presented and eolfoeted by Governor C. V. Creagh, C.U.G., in wl,ose liouour I have ventured to name tlie species. This very interesting bat differs from all the ordinary members of the genus both by the absence of the second lower premolar and by the cbaracters of its nose-leaf, in which latter respect it shows a certain tendency towards the unique and peculiar Rh. ca;lophyllus, Peters. To the best of my belief, no species as yet described resembles Rh. Crea_qhi closely enough to need detailed comparison with it. Felis doniestica, L. ·with the various remarkable )!urines sent by :\[ r. \Yhite head from Luzon in 1895 there was a cat found living wild at a considerable altitude in the mountains, As it was possible tl,at this was a domestic cat run wild, it was put aside for further evidence on the sul�jcct. Now, again, }Jr. Everett sends from .i\lount Bonthain, S. Celebes, a cat obtained at 6500 feet which precisely agrees in every respect with }Jr. Whitchead's Luzon animal. On comparing these two mountain skins with two specimens obtained at :IIakassar by 1\' all ace, and considered ever since as F. domestica, I find there is just the difference which might be expected to occur between tame and feral individuals. Indeed, one of \\T allace's is almost precisely like E,·erett's, while the other is obviously a domesticated specimen, and the comparison of the whole series shows conclusively that the mountain-cat, l,oth of Luzon and Celebes must be regarded as feral individuals of the ordinary ,'Jalay do,uestic cat. The same conclusion is to be drawn from the skulls, which agree very closely with those of the domestic cat, while quite different from those of Felis clwus, to which, if a genuine wild species, the Luzon and Celcbcs cat would by its colour be most nearly af!ined. Among the Muridre obtained by :llessrs. C. and E. Hose the following known species occur, most of them having been [Jreviou,;ly unrepresented in tlie �I useum collection :-.llus 246 lllr. 0. Thomas on .iJfanw,als from Hellwaldi, Jent., lll. Mu.,schenbroecki, Jent., 11[. Meyeri, Jent., .If. celebensis, Gray, !J[. xanthuru.,, Gray, 11[. calli triclws, Jent., llf. 11eglect1ts, ,Tent. (?), JI. epltippium, J cnt., and C,·auroth,·i:c * leucura, Gray. The skins of the last named quite agree with the type of "Ecldotl,ri:c leucura," and confirm Dr. J entink's record of Celebcs as the true locality of this remarkable rat. Jn addition to these, two new species of !Jfus were obtained, whose descriptions follow :- !Jfus fratrorum, sp. n. Size about as in ,lfu., rattus. Fur of medium length, soft, without longer bristles intermixed. Ears large, evenly rounded. General colour above brownish grey, finely sprinkled '\\'ith dull yellowish. Head rather paler, but the circumference of each eye slightly darker. Under surface dirty greyish yellow, the bases of the hairs slaty grey, their tips dull yellowish; line of demarcation on sides little marked. Hind feet rather elongate ; fifth hind toe reaching to the middle of the first phalanx of the fourth; upper surface of hands and feet silvery white. Tail somewhat shorter than head and body, finely scaled (about 11 scales to the centi metre), its proximal two thirds above brown, its end and the whole of its under surface white. Skull with rather a small cranial and long facial portion. Supraorbital beads distinct, although not strong. Front of zygoma-rnot little projected forwards. Anterior palatal foramina of medium length, not reaching back to the level of .!!::..1 , lllolars large and heavy. Bullro small. Dimensions of the type (an adult male in skin) :- Head and body 193 rnillirn.; tail 157; hin<l foot (moist ened) 38·8; ear 20. Skull : basal length 37·5; basilar length to henselion 34·3; greatest breadth 21 ·2 ; nasals U)·4 x 4·6; interorbital breadth 6'4, interparietal 5x 9·5; diastema 12; palate length from benselion 19·2; palatal foramina 7·4 x 3·t; length of upper molar series 7·6; breadth of palate outside �-' 9·2, inside m.l 4•5, Jlab. Rurukan, Celebes, 3500 feet. Coll. Charles and Ernest Hose. Type killed Oct. 8, 1895. * Nom. nov. Ech.iothri:r, Gray, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 69(), nee Echinothrfr, Peters, MB. Akad. Berl. 1853, p. 487 (Echinodermata). Celebes, Borneo, and the Philippines. 247 Besides the type, there are several other specimens from Ruruka11, two from l\Ienado, and one from l\lount i\Iasarang. This species is apparently mcst closely allied to .JI. chryso comus, Ilolfm., also a native of Celebes, but differs from it by its larger size, beaded supraorbital edges, and much heavier molars. 1llus minahassro, sp. n. General appearance that of the Mus 1llarga1·eUa; of Sarawak, but the strncture of the feet quite as in normal Mus. Size small. Fur longand soft. Ears of medium length. General colour above rufous, duller on the back, brighter on the sides. Under surface white, bases of the hairs grey ; line of demar cation on sides well-marked. :\Ietapodials brown, fingers and toes whitish. Thumb with a large nail, other digits with short, sharp, curved claws. Hallux not opposable, with a claw, reaching without its claw to the base of the second toe; fifth toe reaching to the middle of the second phalanx of the fourth. Soles naked; pads apparently six in number as usual, not striated, the posterior one elongated. Tail long, slender, very finely scaled (23-25 scales to the centimetre), short-haired (the extreme tip is gone, but there is no sign of the commencement of a terminal pencil), uniformly brnwn above and below. ::lkull suggesting that of Chiropodomys b_y its dispropor tionally large brain-case and small face. l\luzzlc short and slender. Interorbital region narrow, flat above, its edges square, faintly beaded; parietals large, convex; interparietal large; zygomata very weak and slender, greatest breadth of skull just at their posterior roots; anterior zygoma-root not projected forwards. Palatal foramina small. Molars short, broad and ronuded. Dimensions of tbe type (an adult female in skin):- Head and body 77 millim.; tail (extreme tip gone) 105 ; hind foot (moistened) 20; heel to front of last foot-pad 9·3; ear (dried) 1:M. Skull: basal length 18·6; basilar length from henselion 17·2; greatest breadtl1 12·3; nasals 7·1 x 2·5; interorbital breadth 3·8; brain-case, length 13·2, breadth U ·8; inter parietal 4,5 x 8·5; diastema 6·1; anterior palatal foramina 2·9; length of upper molar series 3·2. llab. Runikan, 11Iinahassa, N. Celebes. Coll. Charles and Ernest Hose, November 1895. This very pretty little mouse is readily distinguishable from all others by its Chiropodomys-like appearance and skull, combined with its strictly .Mus-like hands and feet.